AE221 Gas dynamics

(2012-13, II semester)
Assignment 2
1. (a) Helium at 35

C is owing at a Mach number of 1.5. Find the velocity and determine the local
Mach angle. (b) Determine the velocity of air at 40

C to produce a Mach angle of 38

.
2. a) The pressure increase across a compression pulse moving into still air at 1 atmosphere pressure
and 30

C is 100 Pa. Determine the velocity following the pulse. (b) The velocity changes by 0.1
m/s across a pressure wave that moves into hydrogen gas that is at rest at a pressure of 100 kPa
and temperature 300 K. Determine the pressure behind the wave.
3. (a) A jet plane is traveling at Mach 1.8 at an altitude of 10 km where the temperature is 223.3 K.
Determine the speed of the plane. (b) Air at 320 K ows in a supersonic wind tunnel over a 2-D
wedge. From a photograph the Mach angle is measured to be 45

. Determine the ow velocity,

the local speed of sound and the Mach number of the tunnel.
4. A supersonic aircraft, ying horizontally a distance H above the earth, passes overhead. t later
the sound wave from the aircraft is heard. In this time increment, the plane has traveled a distance
L. Show that the Mach number of the aircraft can be computed from:
M =
_
{
L
H
)
2
+1 =
_
{
Vt
H
)
2
+1,
Hint: rst show that the Mach angle can be expressed as tan
1
{1]
_
(M
2
1)) and then connect
the Mach angle to the parameters H and L.
5. A converging nozzle with an exit area of 1.0 cm
2
is supplied from an oxygen reservoir in which
the pressure is 500 kPa and the temperature is 1200 K. Calculate the mass ow rate of oxygen for
back pressures of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kPa. Assume that = 1.3.
6. A jet plane is ying at 10 km with a cabin pressure of 101 kPa and a cabin temperature of 20

C.
Suddenly a bullet is red inside the cabin and pierces the fuselage; the resultant hole is 2 cm
in diameter. Assume that the temperature within the cabin remains constant and that the ow
through the hole behaves as that through a converging nozzle with an exit diameter of 2.0 cm.
Take the cabin volume to be 100 m
3
. Calculate the time for the cabin pressure to decrease to
one-half the initial value. At 10 km, p = 26.5 kPa and T = 223.3 K.
7. Air ows through a convergent-divergent duct with an exit to throat area ratio of 2. The reservoir
pressure is 1 atm, and the exit pressure is 0.95 atm. Calculate the Mach numbers at the throat
and at the exit.
8. A converging-diverging nozzle is designed to operate isentropically with air at an exit Mach num-
ber of 1.75. For a constant chamber pressure and temperature of 5 MPa and 200

C, respectively,
calculate the following: (a) Maximum back pressure to choke nozzle, (b) Flow rate in kilograms
per second for a back pressure of 101 kPa, and (c) Flow rate for a back pressure of 1 MPa. Nozzle
exit area is 0.12 m
2
.
9. A gas is known to have a molecular mass of 18, with C
p
= 2.0 kJ/kg K. The gas is expanded
from negligible initial velocity through a converging-diverging nozzle with an area ratio of 5.0.
Assuming an isentropic expansion in the nozzle with initial stagnation pressure and temperature
1 MPa and 1000 K, respectively, determine the exit nozzle velocity.
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