AE221 Gas dynamics

(2012-13, II semester) Assignment 3

1. Derive ds = Cv p + C p dv , where s, p, v are specic entropy, pressure and specic volume, respecv tively (Hint: use Gibbs equation and equation of state).
dp

2. Sketch the normal shock process in T-s and p-v diagram and mark the stagnation and sonic states. 3. A normal shock wave moves with a speed of 696 m/s into still air at 100 kPa and 300 K. Determine the static and stagnation properties ahead of and behind the shock wave and entropy generation (using stagnation states) if frame of reference is (a) stationary and (b) moving with shock wave. Compare and comment the above results. 4. A normal shock occurs at the inlet to a supersonic diffuser, as shown in Figure below. Ae Ai is equal to 3.0. Find Me, pe, and the loss in stagnation pressure (poi poe ). Repeat for a shock at the exit and comment about the stagnation pressure loss.

5. A supersonic wind tunnel consists of two converging-diverging nozzles in series. The area ratio (exit to throat) of each nozzle is 3.0 to 1. (a) Find the area ratio A3 Al and stagnation pressure loss for the starting condition (see Figure (a) i.e., shock at A2 and sonic ow at the second throat), and (b) Calculate the stagnation pressure loss in the operating conditions for the same area ratio (A3 A1 ) calculated above (see Figure (b) i.e., shock appears at A3 ). Assume isentropic ow except for the normal shock.

(a)

(b)

6. For the two-dimensional case shown in Figure below, determine M3 and p3 .

7. A convergent-divergent nozzle is designed to operate with an exit Mach number of 1.75. The nozzle is supplied from an air reservoir at 6.8 MPa. Assume one-dimensional invicid ow. (a) At the back pressure of 2 MPa nozzle is over expanded. Calculate the shock angle, ow deection angle and Mach number after the shock and (b) At the back pressure of 0.8 MPa nozzle is under expanded. Calculate the ow direction and Mach number after the expansion waves.

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8. A uniform ow of air has a Mach number of 3.3. The bottom of the duct is bent upward at a 25 angle. At the point where the shock intersects the upper wall, the boundary is bent 5 upward as shown in Figure. Assume that the ow is supersonic through- out the system. Compute M3 , p3 p1 , T3 T1 , and .

9. Calculate the upstream and downstream Mach number for the conguration given below.

10. A supersonic aircraft is ying at Mach 2 which has a symmetric double-wedge (half vertex angle is 10 ) airfoil. Calculate the lift and drag coefcient of the airfoil for the following cases (a) angle of attack, = 0 , (b) = + 5 , (c) = + 10 and = + 15 .

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