PAPER

ENHANCED 3G HSDPA (HIGH SPEED DOWNLOAD PACKET ACCESS)

1. Introduction High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is an enhanced 3G (third generation) in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, also dubbed 3.5G, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Current HSDPA deployments support down-link speeds of 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 and 14.4 Mbps. HSDPA is also a technology in mobile telecommunication system that is

included in 3GPP Specification Release 5. This technology is design for increasing speed of data transfer 5x higher. HSDPA has data service based on data packet within WCDMA downlink by data rate reaches 14,4 Mbps and bandwidth 5 MHz in WCDMA downlink. Its very suitable for a kind of services such as streaming, which has more data service in downlink than uplink, in other word, users is often downloading than uploading. There are several technology that have been implemented in HSDPA :

1.1 HS-DSCH (High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel) For HSDPA, a new transport layer channel, High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel, has been added to UMTS release 5 and further specification. It is implemented by introducing three new physical layer channels: a. HS-SCCH The High Speed-Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH) informs the user that data will be sent on the HS-DSCH b. HS-DPCCH The Uplink High Speed-Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH) carries acknowledgment information and current channel quality indicator (CQI) of the user. This value is then used by the base station to calculate how much data to send to the user devices on the next transmission. c. HS-PDSCH. The High Speed-Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH) is the channel mapped to the above HS-DSCH transport channel that carries actual user data.

1.2 Fast Packet Scheduling The HS-DSCH downlink channel is shared between users using channeldependent scheduling to make the best use of available radio conditions. Each user device continually transmits an indication of the downlink signal quality, as often as 500 times per second. Using this information from all devices, the base station decides which users will be sent data on the next 2 ms frame and how much data should be sent for each user. More data can be sent to users which report high downlink signal quality.

1.3 Adaptive modulation and coding The modulation scheme and coding are changed on a per-user basis, depending on signal quality and cell usage. The initial scheme is Quadrature phaseshift keying (QPSK), but in good radio conditions 16QAM and 64QAM can significantly increase data throughput rates. With 5 Code allocation, QPSK typically offers up to 1.8 Mbit/s peak data rates, while 16QAM offers up to 3.6 Mbit/s.

2. Network Architecture HSDPA is an evolution of UMTS, thus the network architecture which performed by HSDPA is still using the network architecture of UMTS.

Cu

MS

Cu

MS

UE

UTRAN

CN

Picture 1, UMTS Network Architecture

Generally, network architecture of UMTS which using W-CDMA air interface consist of 3 component, they are CN, UTRAN, and UE, and of course each of them has interface by themselves. Each of their explanation as writing below :

2.1 CN (Core Network),

Core Network devided into Circuit Switched dan Packet Switched areas. Several elements of Circuit Switched are Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) that ia an interface which handle circuit switched data for MS, Gateway MSC (GMSC) is a gateway connection between UMTS and eksternal circuit switched network such as PSTN, Visitor Location Register (VLR), and other Gateway MSC. Packet Switched Elements are Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) which is an interface that has same function with MSC but is used to packet switched services, and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) is a gateway for connecting UMTS toward packet switched network. Another network elements such as HLR and AUC are been used mutual by both areas. This CN could have changed when there will be a new features or new services.

2.2 UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network), UTRAN comprise of one or more Radio Network System (RNS), and each RNS consist of a Radio Network Controller (RNC), several node Bs (UMTS Base Station) and User Equipment (UE). UTRAN is connected to Core Network (CN) by Interface Iu and using Interface Iub to control node B. Otherwise Interface Iur that is related of inter-RNCs, has a function to making soft handover by RNCs.

2.3 UE (User Equipment), User Equipment (UE) still same principle that is like GSM Mobile Station (MS), having user module identity, which is similar with SIM in GSM. UE consist of 2 parts, they are Mobile Equipment (ME) and UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) that is connected by interface Cu. ME is a equipment for radio transmitting, whereas USIM is a card kartu loaded by user identity and private information. Interface UE and its network called interface Uu, that is part of air interface WCDMA.

Evolusi WCDMA towards HSDPA (3G to 3,5G) mostly is a software upgrading process by node B. This implementation effecting in changing of protocol architecture WCDMA-UMTS also changed. In WCDMA, node B is entity directly connected to UE (User Equipment) and only have layer 1 or physical layer. Meanwhile MAC function (Medium Access Control) layer only happened in RNC. In HSDPA, Node B not only consist of physical layer, change of Node B is adding new transport channel, that is HSDSCH which has a role in retransmission function scheduling especially about packet priority. In Release 99 (WCDMA) retransmission and scheduling were done by Radio Network Controller (RNC), whereas HSDPA creating it in node B (BTS), therefore, the time needed for transmission is shorter and also become faster.

Picture 2, HSDPA Network

3. Roadmap The first phase of HSDPA has been specified in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) release 5. Phase one introduces new basic functions and is aimed to achieve peak data rates of 14.0 Mbit/s. Newly introduced are the High Speed Downlink Shared Channels (HS-DSCH), the adaptive modulation QPSK and 16QAM in base station. The second phase of HSDPA is specified in the 3GPP release 7 and has been named HSPA Evolved (HSPA+). It can achieve data rates of up to 42 Mbit/s. It introduces antenna array technologies such as beamforming and Multiple-input multipleoutput communications (MIMO). Beam forming focuses the transmitted power of an antenna in a beam towards the users direction. MIMO uses multiple antennas at the sending and receiving side. Further releases of the standard have introduced dual carrier operation, i.e. the simultaneous use of two 5 MHz carrier. By combining this with MIMO transmission, peak data rates of 84 Mbit/s can be reached under ideal signal conditions. After HSPA Evolved, the roadmap leads to E-UTRA (Previously "HSOPA"), the technology specified in 3GPP Releases 8 and 10. This project is called the Long Term Evolution initiative.[1] Different LTE user equipment categories offer data rates up to 3 Gbit/s for downlink and 1.5 Gbit/s for uplink using OFDMA modulation.