GROUP 1 Glossary 1 Words 1,Genetic (adj) 2, generation (n) 3,modification (n) 4,pesticide (n) 5, herbicide (n) 6, blatant (adj)

Pronunciation /di'netik/ /,den'rein/ /,mdifi'kein/ Definition relating to GENES or GENETICS Sentences There are fears that genetic techniques could be abused The same families have lived here for generations The parts supplied should fit with little or no modification Pesticides is used popularly in agriculture Herbicide is used popularly in Viet Nam /'h:bisaid/ /'blitnt/ Technical a substance used to kill unwanted plants Something bad that is blatant is very clear and easy to see, but the person responsible for it does not seem embarrassed or ashamed She forced herself to resist his blatant charm

All of the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively The action of modifying something

/'pestisaid/

A chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy

7, speculation (n)

/,spekju'lein

8, potential (n)

/p'tenl/

There has been widespread speculation When you guess about the possible causes or effects that he plans to quit of something without knowing all the facts, or the guesses that you make The company certainly has the potential The possibility that something will develop in a for growth. particular way, or have a particular effect My phone bill was massive last month.

Very large, solid, and heavy 9, massive (adj) 10, Withstand (v) /'msiv/ Remain undamaged or unaffected by; resist /wi 'st nd/ This fabric can withstand steam and high temperatures.

Glossary 2 Words 1, Starvation (n) 2, Hazard (n) 3, Excessive (adj) 4, Eliminate (v) 5, Tolerance (n) Pronunciation /st:'vein/ /'hzd/ Definition Suffering or death caused by lack of food Something that may be dangerous, or cause accidents or problems Much more than is reasonable or necessary Sentences Many people died of starvation Polluted water sources are a hazard to wildlife He was drinking excessive amounts of brandy The credit card eliminates the need for cash or cheques The desert camel shows the greatest tolerance to dehydration

/ik'sesiv/

/i'limineit/ /'tlrns/

To completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwanted The ability or willingness to tolerate the existence of opinions or behaviour that one dislikes or disagrees with A liquid that is put in the water in car engines to stop it from freezing

6, Antifreeze (n)

/'nti'fri:z/

Most breakdowns were due to people forgetting to put antifreeze in their

radiators 7, Cultivation (n) /,klti'vein/ The preparation and use of land for growing crops When someone becomes ill or weak because they have not eaten enough good food To make something less painful or difficult to deal with Relating to the production of drugs and medicines 10, /,f:m'sju:tikl/ Pharmaceutical (n) The drugs group lost 6p and other pharmaceuticals were also dragged lower The economy was based largely on rice cultivation Over 40,000 children die every day from malnutrition and disease He couldnt prevent her pain, only alleviate it

8, Malnutrition /'mlnju:'trin/ (n) 9, Alleviate (v) /'li:vieit/

GROUP 2 Glossary 1 Words 1.Furor(n) Pronunciations [fju'r:ri] Definitions Sentences Great anger or excitement shown by a number = uproar of people, usually caused by a public event His novel about Jesus caused a furor among Christians. A group of people who try to influence The gun lobby ia against any change. politicians on sth. Most important or noticeable He summarized the salient points. A change that is made to improve sth = adaptation To produce or provide sth, for example a profit Higher-rate deposite accounts yield good returns Make sth less severe The alleviation of poverty A lack of food during a long period of time in a A severe famine region. A chemical used for killing pests,insects. Crop sprayed with pesticide Difficult to stay or live in An inhospitable climate. Not change sth slightly to make it more suitable Patients are taught to how to modify their for a purpose diet. Pressure on sb,stress Under the strain Substance that is used as food Basic food Be careful about believing that sth is completely true Rising or falling quickly A steep hill Done by a member of a group without the A unilateral decision agreement of the other members Make sb/sth different He had altered so much I scarcely

2.Lobby(n) 3.Salient(a) 4.Modification( n) 5.Yield(v) 6.Alleviate(v) 7.famine(n) 8.pesticide(n) 9.inhospitable(a) 10.unmodified(a ) 11.strain(n) 12.foodstuff 13.a large pinch of salt 14.steep(a) 15.unilateral(a) 16.alter(v)

['lbi] ['seilint] [,mdifi'kein] [ji:ld] ['li:vieit] ['fmin] ['pestisaid] [in'hspitbl] [n'mdifaid] [strein] ['fu:dstf] [pint] [sti:p] [,ju:ni'ltrl] [':lt]

17.ethical(a) 18.breed(v) [bri:d](n) 19.genome =genom 20.ripped out 21.integral 22.monitor 23.watchdog 24.ombudsmen

['eikl] [bred](v) ['di:noum]

Morally correct and acceptable To have sex and produce young

recognized him. =moral (following the standard of behavior accepted by most people). Many animals breed only at certain times of the year.

The complete set of genes in a cell of living The human genome thing To tear sth or to become torn suddenly I ripped out my jeans on the fence Being an essential part of sth An integral part Watch and check sth over a period of time = keep an eye on sb/sth A person whose job is to check that companies are not doing anything illegal An official whose job is to examine and report on complaint made by ordinary people. Glossary 2

[rip] ['intigrl] ['mnit] [wt, dg] ['mbdzmen]

Word 1.Ensure 2. Pest 3.staggering 4.excessive

Pronunciation n(r) pest str ksesv

Definition to make sure that something happens or is definite an insect or animal that destroys plants, food, etc so great, shocking or surprising that it is difficult to believe greater than what seems reasonable or appropriate

Sentence(s) The book ensured his success. All the farmers in my village had to do the pest control to protect their crops. They paid a staggering $5 million for the house. The amounts she borrowed were not excessive.

5.eliminate 6.Herbicide

lmnet hbsad tlrns fi fs

to remove or get rid of something/somebody a chemical that is poisonous to plants, used to kill plants that are growing where they are not wanted the ability to suffer something, especially pain, difficult conditions, etc. without being harmed

Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash. Oh, they did use herbicide, that's why there were no plants here. Tolerance to alcohol decreases with age.

7.tolerance 8.Fungi (pl form) Fungus (sgl form) 9.withstand 10.staple 11.alleviated

any plant without leaves, flowers or green They are having a research on fungi. colouring, usually growing on other plants or on decaying matter. Mushrooms and mildew are both fungi. to be strong enough not to be hurt or damaged by extreme conditions, the use of force, etc. forming a basic, large or important part of something to make something less severe connected with making and selling drugs and medicines Ancient Greek meaning "plant" They had withstood siege, hunger and deprivation. The staple crop is rice. A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem. The pharmaceutical industry is a successful one. Phytoremediation is the use of living green plants for in situ risk reduction and/or removal of contaminants from contaminated soil, water, sediments, and air.

wstnd stepl liviet

12.Pharmaceutic fmsutkl al 13.Phytoremedi ation No pronunciation

GROUP 3 No Word Pronunciation Definition all the characteristics of a living thing, especially the qualities that you can see, for example the color of the hair and eyes, the weight, etc. a particular type of animal that has been developed by people in a controlled way, especially a type of dog, cat or farm animal extremely large Sentence(s) Phenotype of a knockout mouse provides important clues about the gene's normal role. All three had the same ambition - to improve their native cattle and challenge the english beef breeds.. The problem was beginning to take on gigantic proportions. The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside. Scientists are checking for both insect and fungal infestation.

phenotype (n)

fintap

2 3 4 5 6 7

breed (n)

brid

gigantic (adj)

dantk

Implication (n)

mplken

a possible effect or result of an action or a decision (of animals and insects which carry disease) to cause a problem by being present in large numbers good for your health to make a system, an organization, etc. work better, especially in a way that saves money

infestation (n)

nfesten

wholesome (adj) streamline (v)

holsm strimlan

The production process is to be streamlined.

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

ration (n)

rn stl rzlint sperli

an amount of something that is thought to be normal or fair not very noticeable or obvious able to feel better quickly after something unpleasant such as shock, injury, etc careful to use or give only a little of something public discussion and argument about something that many people strongly disagree about, disapprove of, or are shocked by the process of cell division concerned with the ideas and principles on which a particular subject is based, rather than with practice and experiment

I've had my ration of problems for one dayyou deal with it! There are subtle differences between the two versions. These plants are very resilient to rough handling. Use the cream very sparingly. The President resigned amid considerable controversy.

subtle (adj)

resilient (adj) sparingly (adv)

controversy (n)

kntrvrsi matoss iretkli

mitosis (n) theoretically (adv)

It is theoretically possible for him to overrule their decision, but highly unlikely.

intestine (n)

ntestn

a long tube in the body between the stomach and the anus. Food passes from the stomach to the small intestine and from there to the large intestine. a process in which the genetic material of a person, a plant or an animal changes in structure when it is passed on to children, etc, causing different physical characteristics to develop; a change of this kind to affect every part of something Dissatisfaction among the managers soon permeated down to members of the

mutation (n)

mjuten

permeation (n)

prmiet

workforce. a substance, for example penicillin, that can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections to put pollen into a flower or plant so that it produces seeds

18 19

antibiotic (n)

ntibatk

The doctor put her on antibiotics (= told her to take them).

pollination (n)

plnen

GROUP 4 Glossary 1 No 1 2 3 New words Furor (n) Genetically (adi) Modify (v) Pronunciation fjr/ [di'netikli] ['mdifai] Meaning An outbreak of public anger or excitement. In a genetical manner. Make partial or minor changes to (something) Sentences The verdict raised a furore over the role of courtroom psychiatry. There are fears that genetically experimental techniques could be abused. The traps of insectivorous plants are modified leaves.

Lobby (n) (v)

['lbi]

1. (n)a room providing a space out of which one or more other rooms or corridors lead, typically one near the entrance of a public building. - They went into the hotel lobby. 2.(n)a group of people seeking to influence - They insist on their right to lobby Congress. legislators on a particular issue. 3(v) seek to influence (a legislator) on an issue. 1relating to genes or heredity The action of modifying something. 1Offering resistance to something or someone 1 [with object] produce or provide (a natural, agricultural, or industrial product) There are fears that genetic techniques could be abused The parts supplied should fit with little or no modification. Some of the old Churches are resistant to change. - The land yields grapes and tobacco. - He yielded to the demands of his partners.

5 6 7 8

Genetic (adj) Modification (n) Resistant (adj) Yield (v)

[di'netik] [,mdifi'kein] [ri'zistnt] [ji:ld]

2 [no object] give way to arguments, demands, or pressure 3 [no object] (of a mass or structure) give way under force or pressure. 9 10 11 Massively (adv) Alleviate (v) Famine (n) ['msivli] ['li:vieit] ['fmin] 1Large and heavy or solid. 2Exceptionally large. Make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe. Extreme scarcity of food. 1A force tending to pull or stretch something to an extreme or damaging degree. 2A severe or excessive demand on the strength, resources, or abilities of someone or something A substance suitable for consumption as food. The quality of being trusted and believed in. 1.An act of pinching someone. 2.An amount of an ingredient that can be held between fingers and thumb. 1Soak (food or tea) in water or other liquid so as to extract its flavor or to soften it. 2 (usually be steeped in) Surround or fill

- He reeled into the house as the door yielded.

Massive crowds are expected. He couldnt prevent her pain, only alleviate it. Drought resulted in famine throughout the region.

12

Strian (n)

[strein]

- The usual type of chair puts an enormous strain on the spine. - Shes under considerable strain.

13 14

Foodstuff (n) Credibility (n)

['fu:dstf] [,kredi'biliti]

The people depend on sago starch as a basic foodstuff. The governments loss of credibility. - He gave her a gentle pinch. - Add a pinch of salt to that soup. - The noodles should be left to steep for 3-4 minutes. - A city steeped in history.

15

Pinch (n)

[pint]

16

Steep (v)

[sti:p]

with a quality or influence. Of, affecting, or done by all people or things in the world or in a particular group; The incidents caused universal concern. applicable to all cases. 1(of an action or decision) Performed by or affecting only one person, group, or country Unilateral decision is not accepted. involved in a particular situation, without the agreement of another or the others. The haploid set of chromosomes in a The complete set of genes or genetic material gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of present in a cell or organism. a multicellular organism A part of a tree that grows out from the trunk or from a bough. To tear or to rand something. 1.A dog that protects the house. 22 Watchdog (n) ['wt'dg] 2.The person who looks after, controls something or somebody. an official appointed to investigate individuals' complaints against a company or organization, especially a public authority. - A branch of the Susquehanna River. - He went to work at our Boston branch. He asked her to rip out the lining. The working atmosphere should be more comfortable, not be the watchdog style like that. The school are all busy preparing for the coming ombudsmen.

17

Universal (adj)

[,ju:ni'v:sl]

18

Unilateral (adj)

[,ju:ni'ltrl]

19 20 21

Genome (n) Branch (n) Rip out (v)

: /jnm/ [br:nt] [rip]

23

Ombudsman (n)

['mbdzmen]

GROUP 4 Glossary 1 No 1 2 3 4 New words Furor (n) Pronunciation fjr/ Meaning Sentences

An outbreak of public anger or excitement. The verdict raised a furore over the role of courtroom psychiatry. In a genetical manner. Make partial or minor changes to (something) There are fears that genetically experimental techniques could be abused. The traps of insectivorous plants are modified leaves.

Genetically (adi) [di'netikli] Modify (v) Lobby (n) (v) ['mdifai] ['lbi]

5 6 7

Genetic (adj) Modification (n) Resistant (adj)

[di'netik] [,mdifi'kein] [ri'zistnt]

1. (n)a room providing a space out of - They went into the hotel lobby. which one or more other rooms or - They insist on their right to lobby Congress. corridors lead, typically one near the entrance of a public building. 2.(n)a group of people seeking to influence legislators on a particular issue. 3(v) seek to influence (a legislator) on an issue. 1relating to genes or heredity There are fears that genetic techniques could be abused The action of modifying something. 1Offering resistance to something or someone The parts supplied should fit with little or no modification. Some of the old Churches are resistant to change.

Yield (v)

[ji:ld]

9 10 11 12

Massively (adv) Alleviate (v) Famine (n) Strian (n)

['msivli] ['li:vieit] ['fmin] [strein]

1 [with object] produce or provide (a natural, agricultural, or industrial product) 2 [no object] give way to arguments, demands, or pressure 3 [no object] (of a mass or structure) give way under force or pressure. 1Large and heavy or solid. 2Exceptionally large. Make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe. Extreme scarcity of food. 1A force tending to pull or stretch something to an extreme or damaging degree. 2A severe or excessive demand on the strength, resources, or abilities of someone or something A substance suitable for consumption as food. The quality of being trusted and believed in. 1.An act of pinching someone. 2.An amount of an ingredient that can be held between fingers and thumb.

- The land yields grapes and tobacco. - He yielded to the demands of his partners. - He reeled into the house as the door yielded.

Massive crowds are expected. He couldnt prevent her pain, only alleviate it. Drought resulted in famine throughout the region. - The usual type of chair puts an enormous strain on the spine. - Shes under considerable strain.

13 14 15

Foodstuff (n) Credibility (n) Pinch (n)

['fu:dstf] [,kredi'biliti] [pint]

The people depend on sago starch as a basic foodstuff. The governments loss of credibility. - He gave her a gentle pinch. - Add a pinch of salt to that soup.

16

Steep (v)

[sti:p]

17

Universal (adj)

[,ju:ni'v:sl] [,ju:ni'ltrl]

18

Unilateral (adj)

19

Genome (n)

: /jnm/ [br:nt] [rip] ['wt'dg]

20 21 22

Branch (n) Rip out (v) Watchdog (n)

1Soak (food or tea) in water or other liquid so as to extract its flavor or to soften it. 2 (usually be steeped in) Surround or fill with a quality or influence. Of, affecting, or done by all people or things in the world or in a particular group; applicable to all cases. 1(of an action or decision) Performed by or affecting only one person, group, or country involved in a particular situation, without the agreement of another or the others. The haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism A part of a tree that grows out from the trunk or from a bough. To tear or to rand something. 1.A dog that protects the house. 2.The person who looks after, controls something or somebody. an official appointed to investigate individuals' complaints against a company or organization, especially a public authority.

- The noodles should be left to steep for 3-4 minutes. - A city steeped in history. The incidents caused universal concern.

Unilateral decision is not accepted.

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism. - A branch of the Susquehanna River. - He went to work at our Boston branch. He asked her to rip out the lining. The working atmosphere should be more comfortable, not be the watchdog style like that. The school are all busy preparing for the coming ombudsmen.

23

Ombudsman (n)

['mbdzmen]

Glossary 2 No Word Pronunciatio n Definition Sentences

Biotechnology

The use of living things such as cells, /b()tkn BACTERIA etc to make drugs, destroy ldi/ waste matter etc /ntten(d) Things that are interchangeable can be bl/ used instead of each other /kmpnnt/ One of several parts that together make up a whole machine, system etc A solid food made from milk, which is usually yellow or white in colour, and can be soft or hard A semi-solid sourish food prepared from milk fermented by added bacteria

The biotech industries

Interchangeable

These two words are almost interchangeable Companies that make electronic components for computer products The cheeses are trimmed and wrapped in sterilized muslin

Components

Cheese

/tiz/

Yogurt

/jgt, j-/

Yogurt tastes slightly sour

Enzyme 6

/nzm/

A chemical substance that is produced in a Most enzymes are proteins with large complex plant or animal, and helps chemical molecules whose action depends on their changes to take place in the plant or particular molecular shape animal

recombinant

Relating to or denoting an organism, cell, /rkmbnnt/ or genetic material formed by recombination: The parts of plants that you eat but cannot DIGEST. Fibre helps to keep you healthy by moving food quickly through your body: The haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multi-cellular organism A leguminous plant with clover-like leaves and bluish flowers, native to SW Asia and widely grown for fodder. Also called LUCERNE. A unit for measuring area, equal to 4840 square yards or 4047 square metres Relating to or denoting an organism that contains genetic material into which DNA from an unrelated organism has been artificially introduced To make something less painful or difficult to deal with

The DNA of these recombinant viruses revealed no signs of instability

Fibre

/fb/

Fruit and vegetables are high in fibre content.

Genome

/dinm/

Genome is all the genes in one cell of living thing

10

Alfalfa

/alfalf/

Alfalfa is very nice

11

Acre

/ek/

They own 200 acres of farmland.

12

Transgenic

/tranzdnk, trnz-, -ns-/

Transgenic foods raise numerous health safety questions

13

Alleviate

/livet/

A new medicine to alleviate the symptoms of flu

14

Spongiform

/spndfm/

Having or denoting a porous structure or consistency resembling that of a sponge

Spongiform changes in the cerebral grey matter

15

Encephalopathy

A disease in which the functioning of the /nsflp brain is affected by some agent or i, -kf-/ condition (such as viral infection or toxins in the blood) /plat/ /skp/ /pz/ /k/ If something plateaus, it reaches and then stays at a particular level

A picture of how these encephalopathies are transmitted

16

Plateau

The athletic footwear market has not yet plateaued

17

Scope

The range of things that a subject, activity, A full discussion of that issue is beyond the book etc deals with scope of this book. To exist in a way that may cause a problem, danger, difficulty etc A general idea or belief that influences people's behaviour and attitudes Rising unemployment is posing serious problems for the administration. The old ethic of hard work has given way to a new ethic of instant gratification

18

Pose

19

Ethic

GROUP 5 Glossary 1 No New words 1 Modify (v) 2 Debate (v) Welfare (adj) Desirable (adj) Impractical (adj) Enhanced (adj) Crux (n) Manufacture (v) Productive (adj) Eliminate (v) Manipulate (v) Dominant Pronunciation ['mdifai] Definition To make small changes to something in order to improve it and make it more suitable or effective. Discussion of a particular subject that often continues for a long time and in which people express different opinions. Help that is provided for people who have personal or social problems. Formal something that is desirable is worth having or doing. Not sensible or realistic. Written improved or better. The most important or difficult part of a problem or an issue. To make or produce goods in large quantities, using machinery. Making goods or growing crops, especially in large quantities To remove or get rid of sth/sb. Sentence The feedback will be used to modify the course for next year. The new drug has become the subject of heated debate within the medical profession. The provision of education and welfare services. The ability to speak a foreign language is highly desirable . It was totally impractical to think that we could finish the job in two months. Enhanced access to information. Now we come to the crux of the matter.

[di'beit] ['welfe] [di'zairbl] [im'prktikl] [in'h:ns] [krks] [mnju'fkt] [pr'dktiv] [i'limineit] [m'nipjuleit] ['dminnt]

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12

Vitamins cannot be manufactured by our bodies. The aim was to maximize the machine's productive capacity. The police have eliminated two suspects from their investigation. To control or influence sb/sth, often in a As a politician, he knows how to manipulate dishonest way so that they do not realize public opinion. it. More important, powerful or noticeable The firm has achieved a dominant position in

(adj) 13 14 Impoverish (v) Interfere (v) [im'pvri] [,int'fi] Pronunciation / mdfa / /lt(r)/ /nhbt /

than other things To make sth worse in

the world market.

quality. Intensive cultivation has impoverished the soil. To prevent sth from succeeding or from Don't interfere with me when I'm consulting a being done or happening as planned. dictionary ! Definition To change something slightly, especially in order to make it more suitable for a particular purpose To become different; to make somebody/something different Sentence Patients are taught how to modify their diet

Word 1.modify (v)

2.alter (v) 3.inhibit (v)

Prices did not alter significantly during 2007.

To prevent something from happening or A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain make it happen more slowly or less development in the unborn child. frequently than normal an occasion when a vehicle or machine stops working There is a breakdown on the motorway.

4.breakdown( n)

/brekdan/ /fmsutkl/ /njutrint/ /hbsad/ /rapn/

5.pharmaceutical (a) 6.nutrient (n) 7.herbicide (n)

connected with making and selling drugs My mother has many pharmaceutical products and medicines a substance that is needed to keep a living thing alive and to help it to grow a chemical that is poisonous to plants, used to kill plants that are growing where they are not wanted to become ripe; to make something ripe Plants draw minerals and other nutrients from the soil. Herbicide is very harmful for your health.

8.ripen

I am cooking the rice which is going to ripen.

9.immunization

/mjunazen/ the act of making immune (especially by inocul ation) /lkts/ /nst/ /tjum(r)/ /hmst(r)/ /nftlti/ /sp tem/ a type of sugar found in milk and used in some baby foods to put something into something else or between two things a mass of cells growing in or on a part of the body where they should not, usually causing medical problems an animal like a large mouse, with large cheeks for storing food. Hamsters are often kept as pets not able to have babies or produce young

There is an immunization programme to prevent epidemics Lactose is used with many purpose.

10.lactose (n)

11.insert (v)

insert coins into the slot and press for a ticket.

12.tumour (n)

He has a harmful tumour.

13.hamster (n)

Yesterday, my friend gave me a lovely hamster. They together go to the infertility clinic

14.infertility (n)

15.aspartame (n)

16.undergo (v)

/nd/

a sweet substance used instead of sugar in drinks and food products, especially ones for people who are trying to lose weight to experience something, especially a change or something unpleasant

Some people use aspartame to lose weight.

My mother underwent major surgery last year.

GROUP 6 No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Word Organism (n) Deliberately (adv) Alter (v) incorporate (v) confer (v) In question (idiom) Derive (from) (v) Undergo (v) Pronunciation /g()nz()m / /dlb()rtli/ /lt, l-/ /nkpret/ /knf/ Definition an animal, plant, human, or any other living thing done in a way that is intended or planned [= on purpose, intentionally] to change, or to make someone or something change: to include something as part of a group, system, plan etc to discuss something with other people, so that everyone can express their opinions and decide on something if something is in question, there is doubt about it: to develop or come from something else if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc, it happens to you or is done to you the natural ability of a person, animal, or plant to stop diseases or difficult conditions from harming them a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops a substance used to kill unwanted plants something that causes disease in your Sentence Genes operate together in determining the characteristics of anindividual organism. He deliberately upset her. Her face hadn't altered much over the years. Our original proposals were not incorporated in the new legislation. the officials were conferring with allies I'm afraid his honesty is now in question. This word is derived from Latin. The country has undergone massive changes recently. the body's resistance to infection

/drv/ /ndg/ /rzst()ns/ /pstsd/ /hbsd/ /pad()n/

9 10 11 12

Resistance (n) Pesticide (n) Herbicide (n) Pathogen (n)

farmers sprayed a protected wildflower meadow with herbicide

13 14

Gut (n) Vicinity (n)

/gt/ /vsnti/

body the tube through which food passes from your stomach in the area around a particular place:

It can take 72 hours for food to pass through the gut. There used to be a mill in the vicinity.

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

word Genetically Modified splash pollen Caterpillar Consciousness Solicit Laboratory stag Pesticide Herbicide Soybean Pharmaceutical monarch Pledge Impoverished

pronunciation [di'netikli] [,mdifai'biliti] [spl] ['pln] ['ktpil] ['knsnis] [s'lisit] [l'brtri] [stg] ['pestisaid] ['h:bisaid]

Definition v mt di truyn hc c th bin ci bn to phn hoa su bm thc thu ht phng pha ch b mt theo di thuc tr su thuc dit c

sentence Genetically modified food has many benefits. Water splash all over the floor Pollen is carried so fast by the wind Caterpillar is so small That attitudes are deeply ingrained in the English consciousness marvels solicit his attention He is working in the Laboratory He is staging his wife This store sells Pesticide His farm need to be used Herbicide His company produces pharmaceutical products This is the monarch he's pledged his mother's wedding-ring rubber becomes impoverished after a time

[,f:m'sju:tikl] (thuc) dc ['mnk] [pled] [im'pvri] bm cha cm c lm hao mn

GROUP 7 No Word Genetically modified food (n) Ingreient 2 (n) Sugar beet 3 (n) Papaya 4 (n) Poll 5 (v) Ingest 6 (v) 7 Downright /in'dest/ /poul/ To receive a particular number of votes in an election. /'ug bi:t/ /p'pai/ /in'gri:djnt/ Pronunciation Definition A kind of food whose gengenetic characteristics have /di'netiklli- been altered using the techniques of genetic 'mdifaid-fu:d/ engineering One of the things from which sth is made, especially one of the foods that are used together to make a particular dish. A plant with a root that is used as a vegetable, especially for feeding animal or making sugar. A tropical fruit with yellow and green skin, sweet orange or red flesh and round black seeds. Sentence(s) The gold rice is a kind of genetically modified food.

Coconut is a basic ingredient for many curries.

Sugar is made from sugar beets.

Papaya is one of my favorite fruits. They polled 39% of the vote in the last election. Food is the major source of ingested bacteria. There was suspicion and even

To take food, drugs, etc. Into your body, usually by swallowing. Used as a way of emphasizing sth negative or

/'daunrait/

(Adj)

unplesant. Used to refer to a substance, material, group of objects, etc. When you do not know the name, when the name is not important or when it is obvious what are talking about.

downright hatred between them.

Stuff 8 (n) /stf/

I dont know how you can eat that stuff!

Manipulate 9 (v) Resistant 10 (Adj) Rat 11 (n) Kidney 12 (n) Spleen 13 (n) /spli:n/ /'kidni/ /rt/ /ri'zistnt/ /m'nipjuleit/

To control or influence sb/sth, often in a dishonest way She uses her charm to so that they do not realize it. manipulate people.

Not affected by sth; able to resist sth. A small animal with a long tail, that looks like a large mouse, usually considered a pest.

Mosquitoes are becoming resistant to necticides.

The police are all over town. Hes caught, like a rat in a trap.

Either of the two organs in the body that remove waste Kidney is one of the most products from the blood and produce urine. important organs in the body. A small organ near the stomach that controls the quality of the blood cells. Spleen helps the body control quality of the blood cells.

Juncture 14 (n) Certify 15 (v) Bovine 16 (n) Perk 17 (v) /p:k/ /'bouvain/ /'s:tifai/ /'dkt/

A particular point or stage in an activity or a series of events.

At this juncture, I would like to make an important announcement. He was certified dead on arrival.

To state officially, especially in writing, that sth is true

Connected with cows To become or to make sb become more cheerful or lively, especially after they have been ill/sick or sad.

He is specialized in bovine diseases.

He soon perked up when his friends arrived.

Brain-washing 18 (n) /'brein,wi/

To force sb to accept your ideas or beliefs, for example by repeating the same thing many times or by preventing the person from thinking clearly.

The group is accused of brainwashing its young members.

Precipitate 19 (v) /pri'sipitit/

To suddenly force sb/ sth into a particular state or condition.

The assassination of the president precipitated the country into war. The situation is unprecedented in modern times.

20

Un-precedented

That has never happened, been done or been known /n'presidntid before. /

(adj) Stroke 21 (n) Prevailing 22 (adj) /pri'veili/ /strouk/ A sudden serious illness when a blood vessel in the brain bursts or is blocked, which can cause death or the loss of the ability to move or to speak clearly. Existing or most common at a particular time. The stroke left him partly paralysed. The prevailing view seems to be that they will find her guilty.

No 1

Word Consumption (n) Canola

Pronunciation /knsmpn/

Definition The act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used. A type of cooking oil made from a variety of rapeseed

Sentence(s) The production of fuel for domestic consumption. Canola oil is low in saturated fats.

2 (n)

/knl/

that was developed in Canada and is grown widely in N America. The plant is also referred to as canola. A type of bean, originally from SE Asia, that is used instead of meat or animal protein in some types of food.

soya bean 3 (n) 4 Lettuce

A soya bean casserole.

/sbin/

/lets/

A plant with large green leaves that are eaten raw,

Buy a lettuce and some

(n)

especially in salad. There are many types of lettuce.

tomatoes.

Pro 5 (n) Con 6 (n) Allergy 7 (n) Incompenent 8 (adj) Pesticide 9 (n) Spray 10 (v) 11 Inseticide

/pr/

A person who works as a professional, especially in a sport.

He handled the situation like an old pro (= somebody who has a lot of experience). The so-called bargain was just a big con! I have an allergy to animal hair.

/kn/

Trick; an act of cheating sb.

/ldi /

A medical condition that causes you to react badly or feel ill/sick when you eat or touch a particular substance. Not having the skill or ability to do your job or a task as it should be done. A chemical used for killing pests, especially insects.

/nkmptnt/

His incompetent handling of the affair Vegetables grown without the use of pesticides Spray the conditioner onto your wet hair. Crops sprayed with insecticides

/pestsad/

/spre/ /nsektsad/

To cover sb/sth with very small drops of a liquid that are forced out of a container or sent through the air. A chemical used for killing insects

(n) Rot 12 (v) Immune 13 (adj) Antibiotic 14 (n) Opt for/against sth (v) Vice versa 16 (n) /vasi vs/ Used to say that the opposite of what you have just said is also true. You can cruise from Cairo to Aswan or vice versa (= also from Aswan to Cairo). /mjun/ To decay, or make something decay, naturally and gradually. The window frame had rotted away completely.

/rt/

That cannot catch or be affected by a particular disease Adults are often immune to or illness. German measles. A substance, for example He doctor put her on antibiotics (= told her to take them). After graduating she opted for a career in music

/ntibatk/

penicillin, that can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections. To choose to take or not to take a particular course of action.

15

/pt/