Work in the textile, clothing & footwear industry

LMTGN2003B

Edition: 2013.1 27 MB 20th March

CONTENTS
Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 chains Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Credits

Identify key industry representatives Identify relevant legislation and guidelines Identify production processes and supply

Describe workplace processes Learn skills for productive work Manage own work

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

INTRODUCTION This ibook is to help you learn the national competency of: Work in the textile, clothing & footwear industry. This is often called TCF. The national code for this competency is LMTGN2003B. This unit of competency is to assist students gain the skills and knowledge to identify key production processes within the TCF industry. This will help you measure current resource use and carry out improvements. For more information go to: training.gov.au This competency is produced by the Canberra Institute of Technology. While reading this book you will be asked to do exercises and answer questions, click on the links to record your answers.

T = textile

C = clothing

F = footwear

Fig. 01 Fig. 02

Fig. 03

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

CHAPTER 1: Identify key industry representatives

The textile, clothing and footwear (TCF) industry in Australia relies on a long supply chain for the manufacture of their products. Take a look at one of your own garments and think about how it became a wearable item. Most of our TCF products are purchased from shops or markets this is called a retail outlet. Where and how our TCF products are made affects the price we pay in the retail stores. As we examine TCF products we can see that most of them are made up of a number of separate components that are constructed together to make a nished product. Example components of a dress: Zipper Buttons Fabrics Embellishment or decoration Hook & eye Lining or reinforcement

Fig. 04
2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

Fig. 05

Fig. 06

With each stage of garment production there are costs that pay for workers in each of the sectors to get a garment or product into a retail outlet, such as: Product design Manufacture Textile production Millinery Fabric production Pattern makers Transport Machinist

Fig. 07

Fig. 08

Fig. 09

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

CHAPTER 1: Identify key industry representatives

By completing the activity you can begin to identify some of the relevant TCF sectors. Examine a piece of purchased clothing you are wearing and answer the questions.

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

Exercise 01: Sample answers are written below. 1) Where did you buy this piece of clothing? At a shop or market 2) What country was it made in? China 3) Choose two components of the garment such as the fabric, buttons, zips and trims then record where you think they were made? Most components were made in China 4) Record how you think this garment was made. Mass produced 5) Choose the profession whose job it is to select the materials and fabrics to make this garment? Production designer 6) What is it made of? 35% polyester + 65% cotton 7) Who do you think came up with the initial idea? A fashion designer 8) What is the piece of clothing? A shirt

Fig. 13

Fig. 14
2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

CHAPTER 1: Identify key industry representatives

After identifying relevant TCF sectors lets look who works in these industries. The key professions are the ones who can create a product from conception to production and to market. Use these websites or internet search to help you with the answers for exercise 02. Fashion designer Sample machinist Pattern maker

Fig. 15

Fig. 16

Fig. 17

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

Exercise 02: Identify key TCF representatives and their roles. Research with websites to help you answer these questions. 1) What is a designer? 2) What tasks do they do? 3) What is a pattern maker? 4) What tasks do they do? 5) What is the denition of a sample machinist? 6) Who manages the offshore production processes?

Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

CHAPTER 2 : Identify relevant legislation and guidelines

People employed in the TCF industry should know their rights. In this chapter we will look at: TYPES OF EMPLOYEES SKILL LEVELS, PAY RATES & OUTWORKER QUALITY CONTROL AND GARMENT LABELLING UNIONS GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS The TCF industry has guidelines and legislation to protect workers. Here are some concerns that TCF workers have: Working hours Working conditions Industrial relations awards - pay Equal employment opportunities - anti discrimination OHS occupational health & safety Producing work to Australian standards - this relates to the quality of a product. People who want to know the rights and entitlements of workers in the TCF industry should always go to a professional industry body, union or government department to get up to date information.

Fig. 21

Fig. 22

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

For workers in the TCF industry it is important to know the following types of employee: 1) An employee is someone who: Receives payment as wages or salary in return for their work. Has tax deducted by the employer. Usually works at the place of business. Employment can be full time, part time, trainee or casual. 2) The term "full time employee" means: A person doing regular work of 35 hours per week minimum. A full time employee is able to accrue holiday leave, personal leave, superannuation and other benets with the employer. 3) The term "part time employee" means: A person who is employed on a regular basis who works less than 35 hours per week. A part time employee is entitled to the same leave, superannuation and benets as a full time employee except that their entitlements are calculated on the hours of work completed. 4) The term "casual employee" means: A person at an hourly rate for a minimum of 3 hours per week. Casual employees hours or work may vary each week. Casual employees are usually paid at a higher rate of pay known as casual loading because they are not entitled to holiday leave, or sick leave. Casual employees are entitled to superannuation contributions.

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

CHAPTER 2: Identify relevant legislation and guidelines

Skill levels, pay rates and outworkers The TCF industry employes thousands of people in Australia from designers, production managers, pattern makers, machinists. It is law that these workers be paid according to their skill level. For example it would be wrong to pay a machinist the same amount of money as a production manager who leads a team and has more responsibility for the deadlines and quality of TCF products. Use the websites to answer the questions the about TCF workers, skill levels and rates of pay. TCF Mechanic skill level Fair Work Australia - TCF Pay & Conditions guide Pages 1 - 10 Fair Work Australia - TCF outworker Council of Textile & Fashion Industries of Australia LTD (TFIA) Homeworker

Fig. 23

Fig. 24

Fig. 25

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

EXERCISE 03: Identify relevant legislation for the TCF industry. 1) How many different skill levels are there? 2) What TCF skill level is a sample machinist? 3) How much would a part time sample machinist earn? 4) How much would a new rst year adult apprentice earn? 5) Describe in your own words the role of a TCF outworker.

Fig. 26

Fig. 27

Fig. 28

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

CHAPTER 2: Identify relevant legislation and guidelines

Quality control and garment labelling. There are laws controlling the labelling of garments manufactured in Australia, these vary a little from state to state. AS 2612 - A guide to the selection of correct care labelling is an Australian Standard that contains specic instructions clothing manufacturers need to be aware of. Examples: Children's nightwear The information on the label must show the following information. AS 1249 -1999 Children's nightwear and limited daywear having reduced re hazard ISO 6941 Measurement of ame spread properties of vertically oriented specimens ISO 10047 Determination of surface burning time Labels showing mixed bre content, for example, polyester and cotton. By law these labels must list the content in order of dominance. Some labels will identify the percentage of each, but it can be difcult to record the exact breakdown.

Fig. 29
2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

EXERCISE 04: Quality control 1) Describe what to look for if you were checking a garment for quality.

For more information on the importance of quality control of TCF products use the links below. bre 2 fashion - quality systems online clothing study - apparel quality control textile exchange online

Fig. 30

Fig. 31

Fig. 32

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

CHAPTER 2: Identify relevant legislation and guidelines

Unions Unions are negotiators between employees and employer management. Unions are there to represent workers and their rights to work in a safe place and get paid appropriately. Although there is small cost to join a union the amount paid is fully tax deductible, here some reasons to join the TCF union. TCFUA is the union for the TCF industry. Professional Industry Bodies Ethical Clothing Australia is another professional industry body that is made up of industry representatives and government. The aim of Ethical Clothing Australia is to promote the trademark and accredited brands to buyers. TFIA - Council of Textile & Fashion Industries of Australia LTD, is a not for prot organisation that has been operating since the 1940's. TFIA provides advice to governments and their agencies, industry support, and other commercial services such as tariff concessions & Ausindurty TCF programs. TCF Australia - is a not for prot organisation that provides support and specialised resources, services and business skills to it's members.

Fig. 33 Fig. 34
2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

Government Departments Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education AusINDUSTRY Fairwork.gov.au Each State and Territory in Australia has its own workplace health and safety laws. These laws are created and regulated by State or Territory government organisations that are responsible for safety issues. The objectives of the legislation are to: promote the safety and health of people at work protect people at work against hazards assist in securing safe and hygienic work environments reduce, eliminate and control the hazards consult between employers and employees promote education and community awareness. Worksafe ACT is place to go to for OHS legislation in the ACT.

Fig. 35
2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

CHAPTER 3 : Identify production process and supply chain

To make a product such as a piece of clothing, a pair of shoes, a handbag or handkerchief we need to have materials to assemble the product. These materials all come from somewhere and this is where our supply chain begins. A supply chain is a system of activities and processes that take raw materials and make them into products that are eventually bought by a consumer. Most TCF products begin their supply chain on a farm as the raw materials are plant based or animal based. Some examples are: Cotton bush Silk worm Cow hides for leather Sheep for wool Bamboo Flax for linen

Fig. 36

Fig. 37

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

Example: supply chain for a cotton T-shirt. 1) A farm to supply cotton to yarn producer. 2) The yarn producer to supply cotton yarn to a fabric producer. 3) The fabric producer may need to colour dye and nish the fabric as requested. 4) The fabric producer to supply nished cotton fabric to a T-shirt producer. 5) The T-shirt producer may add trims or decorations. 6) The T-shirt producer to supply the distributor with T-shits. 7) The distributor to supply T-shirt to the shops for retail. Each step of the supply chain has a manager who is responsible for keeping the supply chain working. Without a manager we can see that if supply chain is disrupted it will affect all the other producers further along in the supply chain.

Fig. 38

Fig. 39

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

CHAPTER 3 : Identify production process and supply chain

Here are two good examples of how supply chains work. You may use these examples to reinforce your understanding of how supply chains work. Supply chain - example from small business chron Supply chain example - bre2fashion

Fig. 40

Fig. 41

Fig. 42

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

EXERCISE 05: Describe a supply chain 1) The key steps of a supply chain are written below, number them from 1 - 7, starting in order from the eld to the consumer. Source raw materials Garment construction Distribution Quality control inspection Fabric production Yarn production Retailers 2) Choose how many people you think may have been involved in all of these processes 1 - 30, 31 - 50, less than 100, more than 100 3) Write down whose job it is to make sure the supply chain doesn't run out of supply. 4) Describe the supply chain for a piece of clothing you are wearing.

Fig. 43

Fig. 44

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

CHAPTER 4 : Describe workplace processes

OHS = Occupational Health & Safety OHS Duties of employees: As an employee you must take responsible care of your own health & safety at work and avoid harming the health & safety of other people, employee duties are: . Follow health & safety policies & procedures . Wear protective clothing, dress and groom yourself appropriately e.g. tie long hair up . Maintain equipment and operate it correctly . Report hazards . Report work-related injuries or harm . Co-operate with employers so they can do their duties under the OHS act. OHS Duties of employers: Employers must provide and maintain a working environment where employees are not exposed to hazards, employer duties are: . Have OHS policy & procedures that workers are required to follow . Provide OHS information, instruction, training and supervision e.g. manual handling techniques . Consult and co-operate with employees and OHS ofcials . Protect employees from hazards e.g. safe materials handling . Ensure a safe work environment and safe substances are used e.g. adequate ventilation for fresh air . Report accidents

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

OHS Representatives duties are: . Inspect the workplace . Investigate accidents and dangerous occurrences . Investigate risk of serious injury, or harm to the health of any person . Keep informed on current OHS information . Report hazards to the employer . Refer matters to the OHS committee . Consult and co-operate with the employer . Liaise with employees INCIDENT REPORTS If an accident happens you are required to ll out and 'Incident report' then pass it to the OHS representative. Remember you need to report all: . Incidents . Injuries . Hazards . Near misses

Fig. 45

Fig. 46

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

CHAPTER 5 : Learning skills for productive work

People working in the TCF industry are required to have a range of skills. Each TCF occupation requires the worker to have particular skills to do the task required of that role. For example a fashion design is required to have the following ability or skills: Hand sketch Effectively use computers Problem solve Communicate with staff & clients Work in a team Be organised Manage a team Have an eye for detail Colour application Maintain accurate records

Fig. 47

Fig. 48

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

Another example is a sample machinist is required to have other skills: Problem solve Use industry machinery Follow instructions Complete work by deadlines Manage work ow Communicate well with others Sequence operations Maintain equipment At every work place there should always be the opportunity for professional development and learning. The TCU union has gotten involved by providing free English language lessons to it's member is key areas such as Cabramatta.

Fig. 49
2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

Fig. 50

CHAPTER 6 : Manage own work

This is fashion designer Steve Wright, click to hear the case study you need to complete for this unit of competency.

After completing this ibook you should have gained the skills to: . Take responsibility for your own work and role. . Use your initiative to communicate suggestions and improvements for work processes. . Use problem solving skills to help resolve inconsistencies and concerns. . Monitor your own work against workplace standards. . Work effectively & cooperate well with others in a team.

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

CASE STUDY ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

C NYC RS DNS

= =

Competent. Work shows the ability to achieve required learning or skill. = Not yet competent. Work does not satisfy required learning or skill. Resubmit. Work needs improving and resubmitting to be assessed. = Did not submit. No work was submitted.

Fig. 51

Fig. 52

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

CHAPTER 6 : Manage own work

CASE STUDY - Prole a clothing label You are to research a fashion label or fashion designer to nd out the origins of the company, how they manufacture and distribute thier products. begin: To Choose a clothing label or clothing company of interest to you. Make sure you have access to this product in it's retail place. You will need to research the product market in your city. Present the case study as follows: Front cover: Capture the feel of your chosen company, include the logo. This could be done as a mood board. Customer proles: Write a paragraph describing the the target customer. This could include: Age range Lifestyle Interests Consumer desire & anxieties Product: Give a brief description of the type of products available from this label.

Fig. 53

Fig. 54

Fig. 55

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

Quality of the product: Choose 2 garments produced by your chosen label. Produce a simple fashion drawing and description of each garment. Complete a quality assessment of each garment by addressing the following points: Fabric quality - does it match the instructions on the care label? Finishes - do these perform as expected? Components e.g. does the zipper work smoothly? Quality of the make - stitching, hemming, accurate to size. Marketing & Sales: Describe how this product is marketed? Report how the retail store promotes it's garments and encourages customers to enter the shop. Include example images of visual merchandising here - this could be window dressing or displays, promotional material such as catalogues, company branding or photos displayed on walls. Flow of product: On a separate page show the ow of product in a simple diagram using the following headings: Supplier: Where is the fabric from? Manufacturer: Name, location, type of product, market level of product. Retailer: Name, location, marketing strategies. Include your name and email on your work.

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

iBOOK PRODUCTION CREDITS

Produced by: Canberra Institute of Technology Naomi Thomson Steve Wright Jayne Miller Brett Butler Assistance by: Deborah Bowman Tracey Ryan Terri Silk Nora Toucheges Images credits: All gures have been produced by Canberra Institute of Technology with the exception of: Fig: 6, 37, 45, 46, 48, 49 Fashion Toolbox Fig: 12, 14, 47, 52 No sweat fashions Fig: 36 Cotton ydime Creative Commons Fig: 38 Fahad Faisal Creative Commons Other websites you may nd useful: www.wgsn.com Fashion trend forecasting & analysis. www.bergfashionlibrary.com Encyclopedia of World dress & Fashion

2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.

 2013 Commonwealth of Australia. With the exception of any third party content all material is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.