International Journal of Management (IJM), OF ISSN MANAGEMENT 0976 6502(Print), ISSN (IJM 0976 ) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 6510(Online), Volume

me 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013)

ISSN 0976-6502 (Print) ISSN 0976-6510 (Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), pp. 258-265 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijm.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 6.9071 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJM
IAEME

INTEGRATING GIS AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT RESOURCES IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE: SOCIAL AND NATIONAL CONCERN FOR INFORMATION SHARING
Prof. (Ms) Manisha Shinde-Pawar Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management (Information Technology), Bharati Vidyapeeth Univerisity, Pune, IMRDA, SANGLI Prof. (Mr) ChandraShekhar Suryawanshi Associate Professor, Faculty of Management (Marketing), Bharati Vidyapeeth Univerisity, Pune, IMRDA, SANGLI

ABSTRACT Indian Agriculture which is waiting for revolutionary growth in crop productivity and agriculture related business is looking forward to implement the knowledge by next generation youth handy for computerized technology. Agriculture and concerned resources had been seen of rare interest of technical knowledge creators to implement technology in this field though this is main stream line in national level growth of India. The ability and usability of both Geographic Information System and Knowledge Management and Mobile computing has become unavoidable part of Indian life system. Young farmers need proper guidance, frequent knowledge and direction to increase productivity, reduce cost, and to get control on hazardous risks. The Researcher would like to explore that by integrating GIS, Knowledge Management and Mobile Computing Services to provide social and national concern for sharing of information can help to these farmers which are handy to use for these techniques, to efficiently get benefited and to avoid risk. Keywords: Indian Agriculture, Knowledge Management, Geographic Information System, Mobile computing.

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International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013) 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Geographic information system: Geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data. The acronym GIS is sometimes used for geographical information science or geospatial information studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems. In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical analysis, and database technology. A GIS can be thought of as a systemit digitally creates and "manipulates" spatial areas that may be jurisdictional, purpose, or application-oriented. Generally, a GIS is customdesigned for an organization. Hence, a GIS developed for an application, jurisdiction, enterprise, or purpose may not be necessarily interoperable or compatible with a GIS that has been developed for some other application, jurisdiction, enterprise, or purpose. What goes beyond a GIS is a spatial data infrastructure, a concept that has no such restrictive boundaries. 1.2 Knowledge management Knowledge management (KM) comprises a range of strategies and practices used in an organization to identify, create, represent, distribute, and enable adoption of insights and experiences. Such insights and experiences comprise knowledge, either embodied in individuals or embedded in organizations as processes or practices. KM includes courses taught in the fields of business administration, information systems, management, and library and information sciences. More recently, other fields have started contributing to KM research; these include information and media, computer science, public health, and public policy. 1.3 Mobile computing: Mobile computing is humancomputer interaction by which a computer is expected to be transported during normal usage. Mobile computing involves mobile communication, mobile hardware, and mobile software. Communication issues include ad-hoc and infrastructure networks as well as communication properties, protocols, data formats and concrete technologies. Hardware includes mobile devices or device components. Mobile software deals with the characteristics and requirements of mobile applications. 1.4 Agriculture in India: The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad-based economic growth. Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India.

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International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 1, January January- February (2013) Preliminary estimates suggest that in 2009 2009-10 10 the combined all India poverty rate was 32% compared to 37% in 2004-05. 05. Going forward, it will be essential for India to build a productive, competitive, and diversified agricultural sector and facilitate rural rural, non-farm entrepreneurship and employment. Encouraging policies that promote competition in agricultural marketing will ensure that farmers receive better prices." World World Bank: "India Country Overview 2011" 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Concept of Integration The proposed integration involves the conceptualization, modeling, construction of architecture, , evaluation and application of Geographic Information System, Knowledge management and Mobile Computing in innovative ways to use information and communication technologies ologies (IT) in the rural agricultural field, field, with a primary focus on agriculture growth for economic contribution to Indias GDP. GDP By implementing such system, the researcher would like to represent logical extending ext of computerized solution scope to change and evolve as farmers understanding of the area grows. Figure No. 1

Geographic Information System

Integrated Agriculture Information System

Knowledge Management

Mobile Communication

As shown in the above Figure No. 1 1, , Geographic Information System will create and sense the geo-spatial information and knowledge of other stakeholders, skillful experts experts, that will be captured, organized to generate knowledge by applying strategies to identify key entities entities, facts helpful to take decisions in time variant problematic situations situation and as understanding and usability of mobile devices is popular among young farmers mobile communication system will be used to disseminate and share the generated knowledge.

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International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013) 2.2 Model of Proposed Integrated System: Figure No. 2:

GIS
Hydrograph, soil, structures, Generates

Knowledge Management
Documents, Database, Reality, Constraints

Geo Sphere
AgriStakeholders

Transports, wetlands, administrative boundaries

Regional Characters

Mobile Computing
Atmosphere sensing

Mobile Devices

Farmers seeking Information

Mostly accuracy of judging and predicting to soil, regional demand, atmosphere, transportation and availability of all resources depends upon experience and skill farmer will have, and that too may be specific to general situations so inclusive of chances of disasters and risks. Model as shown in above Figure No.2 can be implemented to serve the basis to satisfy different needs for information related to agriculture. Young Farmers always tries to seek the accurately predicted information to take proper decision which will lead in increased crop productivity and optimized cost. 2.3 Architecture The integrated framework for data/knowledge repository tier maintains a store for agricultural data and a knowledge base where agricultural information knowledge can be captured, represented, shared, and reused by using latest technologies to achieve or maintain level of crop productivity by getting accurate and timely information. As shown in the Figure No. 3 below, architecture can be composed of different four different components as:

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International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013) 2.3.1 Application Tier

Application Tier will sense the real time data, conditions, risk, and cost to map it to models to serve to middleware layer. 2.3.2 Common Middleware Services Tier Common Middleware Services will mainly integrate the data with conditions and risk-cost facts based on which data will be organized by applying different strategies and practices to generate knowledge. This will help to create structural models, to formulate plan for repository and activities to be performed on repository. Figure No. 3: Architecture of Integration Framework
GIS Interface Tier
Applications Tier
Mapping Tools Condition Assessment Modeling Real Time Data Report Generation Cost Risk

Common Middleware Services Tier

Data Integration Knowledge management Modeling Maintenance & Planning Operations

Data/ Knowledge Management Tier

Agricultural Resources and Experts Opinion Repository Agricultural Real Time Data Repository

End Users Tier Mobile Devices All Stakeholders

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International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013) 2.3.3 Data/ Knowledge Management Tier Integrated System now will lead in bifurcated repositories based on number of elements involves in process of decision. Meaningful Data here can be real support for farmers in their weak horizons. 2.3.4 End User Tier End users for system will be not only the farmers but also all other stakeholders related process, cultivation, selling and distribution as well as agricultural experts. Either they can use mobile devices, laptop or computerized technology. 2.4 Case A prototype representing problem case is discussed with implementation of framework. 2.4.1 Problem statement Quantify Grape Maturity at Optimum level to avoid light effect on concentration causing quality changes. 2.4.2 Case Summary As stated above, when a grape crop product maturity need to be analyzed by farmer, he needs to take different decisions depending on correct judgment. Each step in the process plays a vital role in the development of grapes with ideal characteristics. The time of harvest depends on a variety of factors-most notably the subjective determination of ripeness. As the grape ripens on the vines, sugars and pH increase as acids (such as malic acid) decrease. The threat of detrimental weather and vine diseases (such as grey rot) can also play a role in the time table. The balance of all these factors contributes to when a winemaker or vineyard manager decides that it is time to harvest. He may decide exact time of maturity to continue process as: 1. Harvest 2. Crop cutting 3. Storage 4. Packaging 5. Transportation 2.4.3 Theory Concept applied to Integrated Agriculture Information System: Geographic Information System Interface will sense the information for need, availability, quality, quantity and alternatives for same related to grape product as atmosphere, water, soil, land, air, topography, market, transportation, labor, capital, fertilizer, pesticides. Based on data collected as real time data, by using application tier this data will be mapped and modeled to analyze for cost and risk factors. For the same System will generate reports for different conditions.
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International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013)
Middleware Services will integrate the overall captured data, reports, cost and risk assumptions/probabilities by applying different strategies to represent insight knowledge views as explored models, plan of strategic organizing in files or repository and list activities/operations to perform on database. So Knowledge Management will be supported by the middleware to create Grape Distribution and Selling data repository, Experts Opinion/Historical Case Repository and Grapes Crop Production Information Repository. So the above repositories will be requested by farmer to get proper information to scale /quantify maturity at optimum level and to avoid quality changes. 2.4.4 Alternatives: Based on real time conditions different alternatives may be there Table No.1 Sr. No 1 2 3 4 Condition Rule Increase in acids, pH Change in color due to light effect Action Rule Quantify and check proportion and Plan the Process Pesticide to control Insecticide and

Threat of detrimental weather and Control measures, diseases Fertilizer All factors are well balanced Timetable

Integrated System can judge the factors and can provide best solution from the above alternatives. With the help of information and knowledge created, it can prepare the further plan and schedule as per requirement and availability for resources by applying condition rule to determine action rules as shown in Table No.1. 2.5 Applications The Integrated System can help to take decisions and properly manage different applications as Crop cultivation, Water management, Fertilizer Application, Fertigation, Pest management, Harvesting, Post harvest handling, Transporting of food/food products, Packaging, Food preservation, Food processing/value addition, Food quality management, Food safety, Food storage, Food marketing. 3. CONCLUSION In this paper, along with the recent developments in computerized technology of Geographical Information System, Knowledge Management efficient multi-disciplined information repository and dissemination system is explored. The development and deployment of such integrated information system can be focused to strengthen agriculture growth by: 1) Providing accurate and realistic information for decision making; 2) Providing Knowledge Repository; 3) To support sharing of information at wide distributed level; 4) To provide base to formulate agriculture related strategies to government and other stakeholders. In future research, this framework need to be focused in proper direction for architectural design improvements for efficient and fast solutions. Other agencies, dealers, companies related to crop resources production and distribution can be highlighted for equipping our farmers with support of IT people to go ahead to reach to height of success.
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International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013) REFERENCES [1] Mobile Computing Technolgy, Applications and Service Creation, Ashok Talukedar, Hasan Ahmed, Roopa R Yavagal [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICT_in_agriculture [3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_management [5] http http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computing [6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#cite_note-wboverview2-6 Note: all above online links are active as on 27th Feb 2013.

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