Indus institute of higher education. Shared on : www.telecom-news.ning.com Figure 11: SS7 application with E1 links connected to an SS7 network.

The data channel is for call setup/tear-down information. The rest of the channelsare for voice. The adapter used is this application will use a TDM switch to direct thedata and voice channels to the appropriate destination. For example, TS1 is the timeslot used by the MTP2 application above the WAN. The switch will direct TS1 channelto the software. All the other voice channels received on port 0 will be routed to port2. Figure 11 only shows data going in one direction. The drop and insert applicationcan be bi-directional. Figure 12 is a example of how the signaling channel is accessed and processed bythe SS7 Front End on an E1 network. There are 32 channels: one for framing, onefor signaling, and 30 for voice. The voice channels are redirected to the media back-end servers. The media back-end servers are connected to carrier networks, whichhandle the voice traffic. The advantage of drop and insert is that it saves one trunkbecause the voice calls are still sent to the carrier network and the data channel canbe extracted. The SS7 front-end servers terminates SS7 traffic at the MTP2 layer andsends MTP3 and higher layer signaling messages to a switch. Shared on : www.telecom-news.ning.comShared on : www.telecom-news.ning.comShared on : www.telecomnews.ning.com

Indus institute of higher education. Shared on : www.telecom-news.ning.com Figure 12: SS7 front-end server processing signaling and voice channels. As can be seen in Figures 11 and 12, the voice channels are routed from port 0 toport 2. What happens if frame alignment is lost on link 0 between the SS7 networkand the SS7 front-end server? Port 0 at the SS7 front-end server will receive a LFAalarm. This is where the media back end must also be notified that the data that isrouted to it is in

error. The SS7 front-end server must notify both the SS7 networkand the media back-end server that there is a problem. Port 0 on the SS7 front-endserver will respond with a RAI to the SS7 network (Figure 13) . Port 2 on the SS7front-end server will send the AIS alarm to the media back end. This notifies themedia back-end server that the SS7 front end is still alive, but there is a problemsomewhere in the network. Once the LFA goes away and frame alignment is re-established, the RAI and AIS will be disabled. Shared on : www.telecom-news.ning.comShared on : www.telecom-news.ning.comShared on : www.telecomnews.ning.com

Indus institute of higher education. Shared on : www.telecom-news.ning.com Figure 13: SS7 front-end server processing E1 alarms in double-frame format. Figure 14 provides a final example for E1 networks for alarm management whenthe frame format is E1 multi-frame. When frame alignment is lost between the SS7front-end server and the SS7 network, an LFMA and LFA alarm are received at theSS7 front-end server. In this case, the SS7 front-end server will enable RAI intimeslot 0 and timeslot 16 and send it back to the SS7 network. AIS is sent to themedia back end. This is all 1's in all timeslots. When double-frame synchronization isestablished, the RAI in timeslot 0 and the AIS in all timeslots will be disabled. RAI intimeslot 16 and AIS in timeslot 16 will continue until multi-frame synchronization hasbeen established. Figure 14: SS7 front-end server processing alarms in an E1 multi-frame format. Wrap Up

In summary, T1 and E1 networks can support both voice and data over the sameline. The drop and insert functions are used to extract the data channel and route thevoice calls to the appropriate destination. Alarms are used between the links to notifythe destination and the sender of the data that there is a problem on the link. http://www.debonairgames.com/sexy/game/168/Britney-Head-Session.html