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Review Sheet AP U.S. History Test Chapters 15-22 1.

. The Second Great Awakening encouraged a variety of humanitarian reforms, strengthened democratic denominations like the Baptists and Methodists, and was a reaction against the growing liberalism in religion. 2. Unitarians endorsed the concept of salvation through good works. 3. Religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening resulted in a strong religious influence in many areas of American life. 4. As a revivalist preacher, Charles Grandison Finney advocated a perfect Christian kingdom on earth, opposition to slavery, opposition to alcohol, and public prayer by women. 5. The greatest of the revival preachers of the Second Great Awakening was Charles Grandison Finney. 6. The Mormon religion originated in the Burned-Over District of New York. 7. The religious sects that gained the most from the revivalism of the Second Great Awakening were the Methodists and the Baptists. 8. The original prophet of the Mormon religion was Joseph Smith. 9. Tax supported public education was deemed essential for social stability and democracy. 10. Noah Websters dictionary helped to standardize the American language. 11. Women became especially active in the social reforms stimulated by the Second Great Awakening because evangelical religion emphasized their spiritual dignity and religious social reform legitimized their activity outside the home. 12. New England reformer Dorthea Dix is most notable for her efforts on behalf of prison and asylum reform. 13. Neal Dow sponsored the Maine Law of 1851, which called for a ban on the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquor. 14. By the 1850s, the crusade for womens rights was eclipsed by abolitionism. 15. The key to Oneidas financial success was the manufacture of steel animal traps and silverware. 16. Civil Disobedience, an essay that later influenced both Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr., was written by transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau. 17. The Poet Laureate of Democracy, whose emotional and explicit writings expressed a deep love of the masses and enthusiasm for an expanding America, was Walt Whitman. 18. As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin, slavery was reinvigorated. 19. By the mid-nineteenth century, most slaves lived on large plantations. 20. The great increase of the slave population in the first half of the 19th century was largely due to natural reproduction. 21. Perhaps the slaves greatest horror, and the theme of Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin, was the enforced separation of slave families. 22. By 1860, slaves were concentrated in the black belt located in the Deep South states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Page 2. 23. The idea of transporting blacks back to Africa was the result of the widespread loathing of blacks in America. 24. William Lloyd Garrison pledged his dedication to the immediate abolition of slavery in the South. 25. Many abolitionists turned to political action in 1840 when they backed the presidential candidate of the Liberty Party. 26. After President John Tylers veto of a bill to establish a new Bank of the U.S., the following took place: he was expelled from the Whig party, an attempt was made in the House of Representatives to impeach him, he vetoed a Whig-sponsored high-tariff bill, and all but one member of his cabinet resigned. 27. The Aroostook War was the result of a dispute over the northern boundary of Maine. 28. One argument against annexing Texas to the U.S. was that the annexation might give more power to the supporters of slavery. 29. Dates: Texas annexation: 1845; Treaty with Britain over permanent Oregon boundary at 49th parallel: 1846; U.S. gains California pursuant to Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: 1848. 30. Most Americans who migrated to the Oregon Country were attracted by the rich soil of the Williamette Valley.

31. In the 1840s, the view that God had ordained the growth of an American nation stretching across North America was called Manifest Destiny. 32. One reason that the British government decided to compromise on the Oregon Country border was the fear of war with the U.S. 33. In 1846 the United States went to war with Mexico for reasons that included the following: the deaths of American soldiers at the hands of Mexicans; Manifest Destiny; Polks desire to acquire California; the desire to gain payment for damage claims against the Mexican government. 34. During the Mexican War, the Polk administration was called upon several times to respond to spot resolutions indicating where the American blood had been shed to provoke the war. The resolutions were frequently introduced by Abraham Lincoln. 35. The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ending the Mexican War included the U.S. payment of $15 million for the Mexican Cession. 36. The Wilmot Proviso symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories. 37. The Wilmot Proviso, introduced into Congress during the Mexican War, declared that slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the U.S. as a result of the Mexican War. 38. The Mexican War resulted in a one third increase in the territorial size of the U.S.; combat experience for those who would lead the armies in the American Civil War; increased respect for American military naval capabilities; deepened sectional tensions over slavery. 39. In order to maintain the two great political parties as vital bonds of national unity, early-nineteenth-century politicians avoided public discussion of slavery. Page 3. 40. The U.S. victory in the Mexican War resulted in the following: a possible split in the Whig and Democratic parties over slavery; a rush of settlers to new American territory in California; renewed controversy over the issue of extending slavery into the territories; the Mexican Cession. 41. The debate over slavery arising from the Mexican Cession threatened to split national politics along NorthSouth lines. 42. According to the principle of popular sovereignty, the question of slavery in the territories would be determined by the vote of the people in any given territory. 43. The Free Soilers condemned slavery because it destroyed the chances of free white workers to rise to selfemployment. 44. Harriet Tubman gained fame by helping slaves to escape to Canada through her efforts in the Underground Railroad. 45. In his Seventh of March speech, Daniel Webster called for a new, more stringent fugitive-slave law. 46. In the Compromise of 1850, Congress determined that slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories was to be decided by popular sovereignty. 47. The most alarming aspect of the Compromise of 1850 to northerners was the decision concerning the new Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. 48. The prime objective of Manifest Destiny in the 1850s was Cuba. 49. The most brazen scheme for territorial expansion in the 1850s was expressed in the Ostend Manifesto. 50. A southern route for the transcontinental railroad seemed the best because the railroad would be easier to build in this area. 51. Stephen Douglas proposed the question of slavery in the Kansas-Nebraska Territory be decided by popular sovereignty. 52. Stephen Douglas plans for deciding the slavery question in the Kansas-Nebraska scheme required repeal of the Missouri Compromise. 53. Harriet Beecher Stowes novel Uncle Toms Cabin intended to show the cruelty of slavery. 54. Uncle Toms Cabin may be described as a powerful political force. 55. When the people of Britain and France read Uncle Toms Cabin, their governments realized that intervention in the Civil War on behalf of the South would not be popular. 56. In 1855, proslavery southerners regarded Kansas as slave territory. 57. The Lecompton Constitution proposed that the state of Kansas have black bondage regardless of whether the document was approved or not.

58. The clash between Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner revealed the fact that passions over slavery were becoming dangerously inflamed in both North and South. 59. James Buchanan won the Democratic nomination for the presidency in 1856 because he was not associated with the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. 60. The central plank in the Know-Nothing party in the 1856 election was nativism. 61. Nativists in the 1850s were known for their anti-Catholic and anti-foreign attitudes. Page 4. 62. In the Dred Scott decision, the U.S. Supreme Court expected to lay to rest the issue of slavery in the territories. 63. Dates: Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1854; Dred Scott decision: 1857; Lincoln-Douglas debates: 1858; Harpers Ferry raid: 1859. 64. The panic of 1857 resulted in support for a higher tariff. 65. Stephen Douglas argued in his Freeport Doctrine during the Lincoln-Douglas debates that action by territorial legislatures could keep slavery out of the territories. 66. In his raid on Harpers Ferry, John Brown intended to create a slave rebellion. 67. Presidential candidates position in 1860 election: Lincoln (Republican) ban slavery from spreading into territories; Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat) enforce popular sovereignty; John Breckenridge (Southern Democrat) extend slavery into the territories; John Bell (Constitutional Union party) preserve the Union by compromise. 68. When Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election, people in South Carolina rejoiced because it gave them an excuse to secede. 69. The government of the Confederate States of America was first organized in Montgomery, Alabama. 70. European powers favored a civil war in the U.S. because war would weaken the U.S. power in the Western Hemisphere. 71. Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when it was learned that Lincoln was going to re-supply the fort. 72. In order to persuade the Border States to remain in the Union, President Lincoln declared martial law where needed. 73. To achieve its independence, the Confederacy had to fight the Union to a draw. 74. As the Civil War began, the South seemed to have the advantage of more talented military leaders. 75. One reason that the British did not try to break the Union blockade of the South during the Civil War was that they feared losing Northern grain shipments. 76. During the Civil War, Britain and the U.S. were nearly provoked into war by the Trent affair, involving the removal of Southern diplomats from a British ship. 77. Napoleon IIIs attempt to install Maximilian on the Mexican throne was a clear violation of the Monroe Doctrine. 78. The Southern cause was weakened by a concept of states rights that the Confederacy professed. 79. The problems that Abraham Lincoln experienced as president were less difficult than those experienced by Jefferson Davis, in part because the North had a long-established and fully recognized national government. 80. To fill the armys demand for troops, the North relied mainly on volunteers. 81. The Unions establishment of the National Banking System was the first significant step toward a unified banking network since 1836. 82. As a result of the Civil War, the Northern economy emerged more prosperous than ever before. Page 5. 83. During the Civil War, women in the North had new opportunities opened to them in industry. 84. At the start of the Civil War, President Lincoln favored a quick military action to show the folly of secession. 85. Lincoln hoped that a Union victory at Bull Run would lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond. 86. Dates: Battle of Bull Run (1861); Battle of Antietam (1862); Gettysburg Address (1863); Lees surrender at Appomattox (1865) 87. Significant Confederate victories during the Civil War: Bull Run (1861); Peninsula Campaign (1862); Second Bull Run (1862); Chancellorsville (1863) 88. Union General George McClellan is best described as overly cautious. 89. After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General McClellan mad the mistake of consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.

90. The final Union war strategy included the following: capturing Richmond by land; undermining the Confederate economy; seizing control of the Mississippi River and thus splitting the Confederacy into two pieces; and a naval blockade. 91. The most alarming Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from the ironclad Merrimack. 92. After halting Lees troops at Antietam, George McClellan was removed from field command. 93. The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union Soil were Gettysburg and Antietam. 94. The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy. 95. The Norths victory at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. 96. Slavery was legally abolished in the U.S. by the 13th Amendment. 97. Emancipation had the effect of strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union. 98. When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves in areas that were still in rebellion against the Union. 99. As a result of the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln experienced losses in Congress in the midterm elections, there were sharp increases in Union desertions, there was mounting opposition in the North to the abolition war, and there were complaints from abolitionists that the Proclamation did not go far enough. 100. During the Civil War, blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued. 101. African Americans who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War served bravely and suffered extremely heavy casualties. 102. The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because Lees army was essentially wrecked as a result of this battle, though they would bravely continue fighting the war for about another year and a half. Page 6. 103. The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance because of the following: it cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana; it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade; coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was irretrievably lost; and it helped to quell Northern peace agitation. 104. One consequence of General William T. Shermans style of warfare was that it made for a shorter war and ultimately thus saved lives. 105. The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the Northern Peace Democrats and the Copperheads. 106. Clement L. Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and vocal opponent of the war, was derisively labeled a Copperhead. 107. In the presidential election of 1864, the Republicans joined with the pro-war Democrats and founded the Union party. 108. The Union armys victory in the capture of Atlanta was probably critical to Lincolns reelection in 1864. 109. The assassination of President Lincoln was a calamity for the South. 110. The supreme test of American democracy in the 19th century was the Civil War. 111. The Civil War resulted in the end of slavery (13th Amendment), the creation of the first federal social welfare agency (Freedmens Bureau), expanded federal powers of taxation, and the end of nullification and secession. 112. In the post-war South, the economy was utterly devastated. 113. At the end of the Civil War, many white Southerners still believed that their view of secession was correct. 114. Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War came very slowly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered Confederacy. 115. For blacks, emancipation would result in an opportunity for an education, the right to get married, the opportunity to form their own churches, and ability to search for lost family members. 116. In his 10 percent plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union. 117. That the Southern states were conquered provinces and therefore at the mercy of Congress for readmission to the Union was the view of congressional Republicans.

118. President Johnsons plan for Reconstruction took away the right to vote from Confederate leaders and wealthy planters. 119. The main purpose of the Black Codes was to ensure a stable labor supply. 120. Black Codes often included the following provisions: barred blacks from renting land, banned them from serving on juries, punished them for idleness, fined blacks who jumped labor contracts, and prevented them from voting. 121. The incident that caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was Johnsons veto of the bill to extend the Freedmens Bureau. Page 7. 122. The 14th Amendment guaranteed citizenship, equal protection, and due process. 123. In the 1866 congressional elections, voters endorsed the congressional approach to Reconstruction. 124. Both moderate and radical republicans agreed that freed slaves must be granted the right to vote. 125. Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when the last federal troops were removed from the South in 1877 pursuant to the Compromise of 1877, which compromise determined the 1876 presidential election. 126. Many feminist leaders were disappointed with the 14th Amendment because it failed to give women the right to vote. 127. Blacks in the South relied on the Union League to educate them on their civic duties. 128. During Reconstruction, African-American women assumed new political roles which included monitoring state constitutional conventions, organizing mass meetings, participating in political rallies, and participating in black church life. 129. Definitions: scalawags republicans in the South; carpetbaggers people who came down into the South after the Civil War to participate in Reconstruction; freedmen freed slaves; Union League organization that assisted freed blacks, and helped educate them in their civic duties; Ku Klux Klan an organization of Southern whites that used violence and intimidation to keep blacks down 130. Radical Reconstruction state governments passed much desirable legislation and badly needed reforms. 131. Political corruption during Reconstruction was present in both the North and the South. 132. Methods used by the KKK to achieve their goal of white supremacy included scare tactics, mutilation, beatings, and murder. 133. Congresss impeachment of President Johnson and attempt to remove him from office were directly caused by Johnsons firing of Secretary of War Stanton in 1867, in what Congress perceived as a violation of the Tenure of Office Act. 134. In 1867 Sec of State Seward accomplished an enduring success in foreign relations for the Johnson administration when he purchased Alaska from Russia. 135. Reconstruction might have been more successful if Thaddeus Stevens radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted. APUSH Final Questions Settlement founded in 1600s Jamestown Financial means for Englands colonization this type of company Joint stock Religious thought, conversion was an intense personal experience to be awakened as a chosen follower Calvinism Compact genuine step towards self-government Mayflower compact Leader who helped pilgrims survive

William Bradford Unlike this group, Puritans remained as a part of the church of England Separatists According to this woman, god communicated directly to individuals instead of church elders Anne Hutchinson Founder of Rhode Island religious freedom for all Roger Williams System made some people wealthy, acquire 50 acres of land paying passage to America. Headright System Immediate reason for this rebellion, Indian attacks on settlements. Bacons rebellion Juries decision for this person, newspaper case, freedom of speech. John Peterzenger Clash between Britain and France over this area in the US Ohio River Valley Seven Years War, other name. French and Indian War Designed to make out a settlement of the Indian problem, line drawn down Appalachian mountains Type of economist believed economic wealth was based on gold and silver in treasury. Mercantilists Before 1763, these laws were loosely enforced Navigation Laws Colonists objected to this act, parliament passed this not the colonists Stamp act Persons selection colonial army, common man George Washington Petition, American loyalty to Crown Olive Branch Basic republic, power comes from who? People Called for American independence, instrumental in slaying peoples opinion American revolution Common Sense Private group of citizens, circulated information on British trade methods and what they were up to. Committees of Correspondence Individual, wanted womans rights in Constitution Abigail Adams

Left congress unable to enforce a tax selection program Articles of confederation Rebellion caused people to realize, badness of Articles of Confederation, needed something more powerful. Shays rebellion Set up framework for government for northwest territory Northwest Ordinance Plan put forward in constitutional convention, Congress representation based on population Virginia Plan Convention north-south plan over slavery 3/5 compromise Alexander Hamiltons bank of the united states based on this in the constitution Elastic cause Revenue based on national debt would come from this Customs duties, excess revenue Who had the right to declare an act unconstitutional Marburry vs Madison British Policy forced enlistment and kidnapping Impressments Group presented themselves as the following, strict constructionists, protectors of farming, economic liberty, strong support of states rights Democrats/Jeffersonians Jeffersons this, was remarkable because it allowed for the change from one party to another without violence. The revolution of 1800. Native American leader killed in 1813 at the battle of Thames Tecumseh Americans campaigned against this in 1812 Canada British attack on this force, influenced star spangled banner McKennary Battle saw British troops defeated by Jackson s troops New Orleans Agreement limited naval armaments on the great lakes. Rush-Bagot Agreement Tariff of 1816 was the first to do this For protection not revenue Chief justice Marshall limited States Rights

Andrew Jacksons military rebellion against Indians. Florida from Spain 1. At the time it was issued it was incapable of being enforced by the US Monroe Doctrine 2. Decided the 1824 election House of Representatives 3. Purpose behind this was to award political supporters with places in government office Spoils system 4. Crisis from 1832-33 over tariff policy Nullification 5. Bill of 1833 provided president with power to enforce tariffs etc Force Bill 6. Texs won independence due to victory at San Jacinto 7. Sentiment/fear to immgration/immigrants Nativism 8. Court case --> Massachusets --> labor unions not illegal Commonwealth vs. Hunt 9. Glorified view of women in the home... Cult of Domesticity 10. Faith that embraced reason, supreme being... Diesm 11. Original prophet of morman religion Joseph Smith 12. As a result of the cotton gin, slavery was reinvigorated 13. Many southern whites did not own slaves could not afford them 14. Some slaves froom the south gained freedom by.. purchasing themselves 15. Result of a dispute between lumberjacks... Aroostook War 16. God ordained expansion of america Manifest Destiny 17. Spot resolutions were introduced by Abraham lincoln 18. This president hoped to win the mexican war and gain california Polk 19. Would have prevented slavery in.... Wilmont Proviso 20. Slavery determined by the people popular sovereignty 21. 1850s this man temporarily seized Nicaragua William Walker 22. Opened Japan to US Matthew Perry 23. In kansas it protected slave owners already there... Lecompton constitution 24. Central plannk of this party was...etc Know-nothing party 25. Fort sumter was fired upon after

Lincoln attempted to reinforce it 26. In order for the confederacy to maintain its independence... they had to fight to a draw 27. Greatest threat faced by the soliders during the civil war disease * the rest of the questions are from our last test and are easy APUSH SEM I OFFICIAL STUDY GUIDE 1. The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was the most important for the future United States was Jamestown. 10. The financial means for Englands first permanent colonization in America were provided by a joint-stock company. 3. In Calvinist thought the conversion was an intense, personal experience when God revealed an individuals heavenly destiny. 9. The Mayflower Compact can be best described as a promising step toward genuine self-government. 10. The leader that helped the Pilgrims survive was William Bradford. 12. Unlike Separatists, the Puritans remained members of the Church of England. 20. According to Anne Hutchinson, a dissenter in Massachusetts Bay, the truly saved need not bother to obey the laws of God or man. 21. As the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams established complete religious freedom for all. 4. The headright system, which made some people very wealthy, consisted of giving the right to acquire fifty acres of land to the person paying the passage of a laborer to America. 14. The immediate reason for Bacons Rebellion was Indian attacks on frontier settlements. 54. The jurys decision in the case of John Peter Zenger, a newspaper printer, was significant because it pointed the way to open public discussion. 19. The clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control of the Ohio River Valley. 22. The Seven Years War was also known in America as the French and Indian War. 49. The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. 7. Mercantilists believed that a countrys economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold and silver in its treasury. 14. Before 1763, the Navigation Laws were only loosely enforced in the American colonies. 24. Colonists objected to the Stamp Act because Parliament passed the tax, not the colonists. 6. George Washingtons selection to lead the colonial army was largely political. 9. The Olive Branch Petition was delivered to the King during the Second Continental Congress and professed American loyalty to the crown. The King rejected the Olive Branch Petition which caused the Second Continental Congress to draft the Declaration of Independence. 14. In a republic, power comes from the people themselves by way of representatives. 15. Thomas Paines pamphlet Common Sense called for American independence and the creation of a democratic republic. Private group of citizens, circulated information on British trade methods and what they were up to--committees of correspondence 22. Abigail Adams privately advocated equality for women. 20. The Articles of Confederation left Congress unable to enforce a tax-collection program. 28. Shays Rebellion convinced many Americans of the need for a stronger central government. 22. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established a procedure for governing the Old Northwest territory. Plan put forward in constitutional convention, Congress representation based on population--Virginia Plan 43. The Constitutional Convention addressed the North-South controversy over slavery through the three-fifths compromise. 19. Alexander Hamiltons proposed bank of the United States was based on the necessary and proper, or elastic, clause in the Constitution. 18. Hamilton expected that the revenue to pay the interest on the national debt would come from customs duties and excise tax. 21. The case of Marbury v. Madison involved the question of who hade the right to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional. 38. The British policy of impressment was a kind of forced enlistment. 39. The British impressed American sailors into the British navy because they needed more men.

5. The Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans presented themselves as all of the following: a. Strict constructionists b. Protectors of agrarian purity c. Believers of political and economic liberty d. Strong supporters of states rights 8. Thomas Jeffersons Revolution of 1800 was remarkable in that it marked the peaceful and orderly transfer of power on the basis of election results accepted by all parties. 51. Native American leader Tecumseh was killed in 1813 at the Battle of the Thames. 5. Americas campaign against Canada in the War of 1812 was poorly conceived because it split-up the military. 8. The British attack on Fort McHenry inspired the writing of The Star-Spangled Banner. 10. The Battle of New Orleans saw British troops defeated by Andrew Jacksons soldiers. 19. The Rush-Bagot agreement limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes. 25. The Tariff of 1816 was the first in American history that aimed to protect American industry. 41. In McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden, Chief Justice Marshalls rulings limited the extent of states rights. 48. Andrew Jacksons military exploits were instrumental in the United States gaining possession of Florida from the Spanish. Andrew Jacksons military rebellion against Indians--Florida from Spain 52. At the time it was issued, the Monroe Doctrine was incapable of being enforced by the United States. 7. The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College. 14. The purpose behind the spoils system was to reward political supporters with public office. 20. The nullification crisis of 18321833 erupted over tariff policy. 22. The Force Bill of 1833 provided that the President could use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties. 47. Texans won their independence as a result of the victory over Mexican armies at the Battle of San Jacinto. 17. The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was called nativism. 30. In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled that labor unions were not illegal conspiracies. SC said labor unions were not illegal, and it wasnt illegal to strike either 31. The cult of domesticity glorified the traditional role of women as homemakers. 1. The Deist faith embraced all of the following except the concept of original sin. 2. Deists like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin endorsed the concept of a Supreme Being who created the universe. Faith embraces, reasons over revolution, supreme being, denial of divinity of Jesus--Deist 14. The original prophet of the Mormon religion was Joseph Smith. 1. As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin, slavery was reinvigorated. 16. The majority of southern whites owned no slaves because they could not afford the purchase price. 18. Some southern slaves gained their freedom as a result of purchasing their way out of slavery. 8. The Aroostook War was the result of a dispute over the northern boundary of Maine. 18. In the 1840s, the view that God had ordained the growth of an American nation stretching across North America was called Manifest Destiny. 28. During the Mexican War, the Polk administration was called on several times to respond to spot resolution indicating where American blood had been shed to provoke the war. The resolutions were frequently introduced by Abraham Lincoln. 30. When the war with Mexico began, President James K. Polk hoped to fight a limited war, ending with the conquest of California. 3. The Wilmot Proviso, if adopted, would have prohibited slavery in any territory acquired in the Mexican War. 7. According to the principle of popular sovereignty, the question of slavery in the territories would be determined by the vote of the people in any given territory. 34. For a short time in the 1850s, an American seized control of Nicaragua. Conquered by William Walker 35. The man who opened Japan to the United States was Matthew Perry. 10. The Lecompton Constitution proposed that the state of Kansas have black bondage regardless of whether the document was approved or not. 15. The central plank of the Know-Nothing party in the 1856 election was nativism.

3. Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when it was learned that Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort. 12. To achieve its independence, the Confederacy had to fight the invading Union army to a draw. Greatest hardship in the civil war--Disease 15. The Norths greatest strength in the Civil War was its economy. 17. Much of the hunger experienced by Confederate soldiers in the Civil War was due to the Souths rickety transportation system. 6. George B. McClellan is best described as cautious. 19. The Norths victory at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. 20. Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. 8. The greatest achievements of the Freedmens Bureau were in education. 16. The main purpose of the Black Codes was to ensure a stable labor supply. Main purpose of these allowed stable subservient black slave force--Black Codes 22. The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed citizenship to freed slaves. Guaranteed complete freedom to slaves--14th Amendment

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