CONTRADICTION AND NEGATION. There are a number of conditions for negation of a given statement.

Two of the Necessay conditions are as follow

1] IF the original statement is supposed to be true then the flsehood of the negation is implied. 2] IF the NEGATION of the ORIGINAL STATEMENT is supposed to be tur then the FALSEHOOD of the ORIGINAL STATWEMENT IS IMPLIED. If any one of the condition is not satisfied then any appearent negation of given stetement is not a negation. In short A Negation of a statement must contradict the original statement and athe original statement must contradict the negation of it. IF any one of these candition is not satisfied then an statement which appears to be a negation in form,instructur and in construction is not a negation. We give an example. CONSIDER THE STATEMENT ALL HUMAN BEINGS ARE ANIMAL BEING WITH NECESSITY . THE TRUE NEGATION OF THIS STATEMENT IS SOME HUMAN BEINGS ARE NOT ANIMAL BEINGS WITH GENERAL POSSIBILITY . It is temting to suggest the negation as follow Some human beings are not animal beings with necessity. BUT THIS IS NOT A NEGATION. An other example may clearify the claim. SOME ANIMAL BEINGS ARE HUMAN BEINGS WITH NECESSITY . The proper contradiction is NO ONE AMONG ANIMAL BEINGS IS HUMAN BEING WITH GENERAL POSSIBILITY . SIMILARLY consider the statement. NO ONE AMONG HUMAN BEING IS STONE WITH NECESSITY .

The proper contradiction is as follow SOME HUMAN BEINGS ARE STONE WITH GERERAL POSSIBILITY . Once again it is temting to consider the statement Some human beings are stone with necessity as a Negation. But it ios not a negation proper. One more example may be given before further discussion. ALL WRITERS ARE MOVERS OF FINGERS WITH NECESSITY DURING THE ACT OF WRITING. SOME WRITERS ARE NOT MOVERS OF FINGERS WITH GENERAL POSSIBILITY WHILE THE ACT OF WRITING. Now according to the above examples it is clear that the NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR NEGATION IS CONTRADICTION AND MERE THE STRUCTURES ARE NEITHER THE NECESSARY CONDITIONS NOR SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS. How ever if the structure satisfies the given condition it may be the Negation. Now we come to see the NECESSARY CONDITION some alleged Negations. Consider the statement. x= NO ONE DOETH KNOW THAT x ix True.---------[a] THe alleged contradiction of this statment is given as ~x = Some do know that x is True.[b] The problem of this alleged negation [b] is that it does not contradict [a]. That is If it is suposed to be true then it does not imply the FALSEHOOD of the statment [a]. Hence it is not a negation. It is a pseudo negation or a vertual negation but NOT A REAL NEGATION. The question is what is the true or real real negation? The true or real negation must satisfy the above stated two conditions other wise any statement must not be a REAL NEGATION. It must not be a correct negation.

The correct negation may be an statement whose truth implies false hood of the statement [a]. Now either it is a singular false statement with out a proper negation or its negation has slightly different form and construction. Consider a more general form of a statment with in statement. y= NO ONE DOETH KNOW THAT x is a true statment.[c] This is a case of statment with in a statement. In proper negation of statement [c] one not only negate the statement y but also the statement x. ~(y)=~(NO ONE DOETH KNOW THAT x is a true statement) ~y= SOME DO KNOW THAT ~x is a true statement. or = SOME DO KNOW that x is NOT a true statement or SOME DO KNOW THAT x is a ~true statement.-------[n's] If we have more than one such statements satisfying the conditions of Contradiction then this only means that Negation is nopt unique. But this non uniqueness can not be a proof that Necessary conditions have become invalid. But they are all equivalents hence this is not a logical problem. Consider the statment [c] y=No one doeth know that x is true------[c] The supposed negation is ~ y = Some do know that x is true.-------[c-1] Let y = x = a then a = No one doeth know that a is true.. LET y = x = ~a ~a =No one doeth know that ~a is true.......[e] But from y=x=a in [c-1] ~a= some do know that a is true. ----[f]

from [e] and [f] it is concluded that: [e] = [f]. This is how ever not the case. Thus we come to the conclusion that this is not a correct Negation. Consider an other example. p= no one doeth know that the statement circular triangles exist is a true statement is a true statement..Its pseudo negation is ~p=Some do know that circular triangles exist is a true statement is a true statement. But this is not a real Negation or a correct negation Consider an other statement that may further clearify the problem y= No one doeth know that the statement n= no one doeth know n is a true statement is false.-----[g] ~y = SOME do know that the statement n = no one know n is a true statement is false.[h] Now if the statement [h] is a real or correct negation then it implies the truth of the original statement. now this means that n is false any way. Thus the problem is one again that the basic conditions of negations are neglected. One must see the problem that a statement in a statement is o not have a normal form negation.

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