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Contents
Overview of Filipino Youth School-to Work-Transition (STW) Jobs found by Young Filipinos Role of Labor Regulations and Policies affecting STW Transitions Going Forward
Findings
Philippines does have a significant employment problem
Insufficient demand in a labor surplus economy, structural impediments (skills mismatch) and restrictive labor regulations (minimum wage, employment protection)
At risk youth are those with high school qualifications or less and from lower economic-social groups
School-to-work transitions are very slow
Females may also respond differently to certain LM signals compared with males
Returns to education, lifecycle factors etc
Main Findings
The school to work transition is characterized by a lot of uncertainty for young Filipinos The transition to work is particularly slow for those with high school qualifications or less
Especially for younger females with high school education or less
Females with college education tend to behave differently from other females in that they are less likely to be unemployed or inactive
10
15
20
25
30
35
15 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 51 54 57 60 63 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
Female Male
Self Employment
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63
Males
Females
Private households
40 35 30
30 20 10 0
20 15 10 5 0
15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63
15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63
Males
Females
Males
Females
Job Mobility
First job matters in influencing future employment opportunities
If your first job is in the formal sector, then you have a 50% chance of finding your next job in the formal sector If you first job is in self employment, then you have a 12% chance of finding a job in the formal sector Temporary wage contracts are a bridge to formal employment for many young persons
30% of first time temporary contract workers find formal, regular employment
Earning Differentials
There is an earnings gap between females and males The gap narrows considerably with post-high school education with little earnings difference observed between male and female college graduates Policy implications
Education is most important for narrowing earnings differentials between females and males Skills development and programs to improve job readiness of less educated females are necessary
No HS
HS
Some College
College
Collage Graduates
Determinants of Earnings Statistical Analysis Males earn 17% more than females after controlling for education, age, sector, occupation, worker status etc College graduates earn 44% and college drop outs earn 15% more than high school graduates. Female college graduates earn 46% and college drop outs earn 17% more than female high school graduates
Going Forward
MyFirstJob pilot project funded by ADB and CIDA
Pilot in 4 LGUs Target 1,600 at risk youth Provide set of services such as career development plans, vouchers for technical training and work place experience with private sector employers Selection of participants through a lottery to allow for a randomized impact evaluation (different pools for males and female participants) Intention to scale up nationally
Thank You