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Project report

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Evaluation of farming system socio-economic status of villegers of g.p. dagarwaha, blockbabina, Jhansi (u.p)
SUBMITTED TO BABASAHEB BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY (A Central University), LUCKNOW For THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF

MASTER OF BUSSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) IN RURAL MANAGEMENT (2011-2013) Under the Guidance of:
Dr. R.K. SINHA

Submitted by:
rajendra KUMAR gadley roll no. 4457

DEPARTMENT OF RURAL MANAGEMENT


BABASAHEB BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY (A CENTRAL UNIVERSITY) Vidya Vihar, Rae Bareli Road Lucknow-226 025(U.P)

BABASAHEB BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY (A CENTRAL, UNIVERSITY) VIDYA VIHAR, RAEBARELI ROAD, LUCKNOW-226 025

Letter No. Date.

Dr. R.K.Sinha
Department of Rural Management Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Rajendra Kumar Gadley has completed his project work under my supervision and guidance. The title of his project is Evaluation of farming system&Socio-Economic Status of Villagers of G.P.Dagarwaha Block Babina, Jhansi. This project is his original piece of work and has not been submitted earlier to any of the universities or institutes. I wish him all the best for his future Endeavour.

(Dr. R.K. Sinha) Supervisor

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I feel indeed privileged to work under the talented & inspiring guidance, valuable suggestion, untiring supervision, conspicuous ability, unending zeal and constructive criticism of my supervisor Dr. Solanki of Department of agriculture jhansi,(U.P). I feel indeed privileged to work under the talented & inspiring guidance, valuable suggestion, untiring supervision, conspicuous ability, unending zeal and constructive criticism of my Head of Department of Rural Management Dr. M. S. Khan, under the school of management studies, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P) I also wish to convey my thanks to all staff members Of Agriculture department of Jhansi(U.P) for their painstaking efforts, selfless devotion, moral support & lending me helping hand throughout the course of study and preparation of this manuscript. I have no words to express about the help, affection and moral support of my Parents, Mr. Naresh kumar gadley & Mrs. Savitri Devi gadley or their indispensable

encouragement, selfless sacrifice, sustained inspiration & invaluable assistance throughout my life. At least but not least, I beg the god to give me indomitable energy with which I can work for those poor people and peasants who strive lord get food, clothing and housing

Date Place:

Name: Rajendra ku. Gadley

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY


The purpose of this report is to literally act as a window to the project undertaken as a part of the summer internship with the baba sahib bhim rao ambedkar university. Dept of rural management, Lucknow that aims to define the breadth depth and scope of the various thinking process and mechanic that actually synthesis the projects undertaken in evaluation of farming system of socio economic status of villagers of gram panchayat dagarwaha block babina, Jhansi

The objective of project that have been assigned as a part of internship is: :1) Analysis based on farming theme. 2) Agro ecological situation of villagers. 3) Social economic situation of villagers. 4) Which farming system they have adopted.

Executive summary
Uttar Pradesh is the largest state of the country in terms of population and second largest in area in the country. The reporting area of the state is 24.2 million ha, out of which cultivated area is 16.68 million ha. The gross cropped .Area is 25.5 million ha. The cropping intensity in the state is 153 percent. Small and marginal farmers dominate farming Community. Average size of holding is only 0.83 ha per farmer. However, the average size of holding of marginal farmers is 0.40 hectare only. The state accounts for 11 per cent India is net sown area and contributes more than 41.1 million tons of food grain, which is about 20 percent of the total food grain production of the country. The state produces 38 percent of India's Wheat, 20 percent of Paddy, 21 percent of Sugarcane, 34 \percent of Groundnut, 17.5 percent of Rapeseed, 8 percent of Fruits and 16 percent of Vegetables. Uttar Pradesh is the largest potato producer in the country, contributing 43 per cent of the total production. The state is the largest milk producing state of the country with an annual milk production of 11.7 million kilo litters accounting for 16 percent of total milk production of the country. Keeping in view of vast potential, the state has major role to play in ushering in farm sector led economic growth of the country? Despite largest contribution to agriculture produce of the country and achieving some improvement in the States growth rate in the Tenth Five Year Plan, it is still lagging behind the national average and consequently, the gap in per capita income is
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increasing with the passage of time. There is tremendous scope for further development in every sub-sector of the agriculture sector including crops, horticulture, animal husbandry and pissi culture. The major challenges before the State are bridging the gap in per capita income, poverty alleviation, improvement in human development index, improving growth in primary sector specially agriculture and animal husbandry sub sectors. The new initiatives like Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, National Food Security Mission, and National Horticulture Mission are potent options for increasing farm productivity and for putting agricultural economy on a sustained growth path. Uttar Pradesh being the most populous state of India has a great influence on the economic growth of the country. For achieving the desired agriculture growth in the country, it is necessary to adopt area specific strategies for improving the agriculture sector growth in the states like UP.

TABLE OF CONTENT

SERIAL NO 1 2 3 4 5

PARTICULAR

PAGE NO

Acknowledgement Executive summary Introduction Objective of study State economy in relation to farming sector

6 7 8

Annual growth during 5 year plan Investment during 11th plan Plans for outlay for agriculture and allied sector

9 10 11 12 13 14

Farming system Targets by the end of the 11th plan Institutional credits Rashtriya krishi vikas yojana(RKVY) Methodology adopted for developing Survey and integration of base data from panchyati raj institution ,line dept and participatory rural appraisal (PRA)

15 16 17 18

Methodology for developing survey Field work Hosehold survey questionnaire Rural and agriculture development scheme in india

19 20

Refrence Bibliography

Follow the format as given by the department

CHAPTER-01

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INTRODUCTION The word agriculture comes from the Latin words ager referring to the soil and culture to its cultivation. Agriculture in its widest sense can be define as the cultivation and production of crop plants livestock produce . it is synonymous with farming : the field or field dependent production food ,fodder and industrial organic materials. Indian economy is predominately rural in character and is still dominated by the agriculture sector, which accounts for nearly one-fifth of the gross domestic product (GDP) and employs close to two-third of the labor force. Despite respectable GDP growth rates (around 5 per cent a y ear), India has unemployment rate of about 15 per cent. Looking into the grim situation of employment in the country in general and agriculture sector in particular, there is urgent need to give emphasis to generate avenues for creating more jobs in this sector. Agriculture in India is constitutionally a state subject and central governments role is restricted to formulating policy guidelines and providing financial resources for the sector. Government of India has accorded high priority to the development of agriculture for increasing the agricultural production to sustain the food supply for the growing population. In spite of rapid development of on-agriculture sectors, farming continues to be critical for meeting the livelihood needs of a vast majority of small, marginal and tribal farmers. The new technologies have not filtered down amongst farmers to the desired extent. Although during the past ten years lot of efforts have been made to improve agriculture sector by
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introducing different schemes, yet the outcome has not been reflected to the desired level in the national agricultural production, productivity, income and equity indicators. This indicates some deficiencies in the

implementation process of these programmes and therefore calls for improvement in implementation strategy. This also calls for a coordinated planning and prioritization to explore the maximum benefit of the development programmes. The Rashtrya Krishi Vikas Yojna is the right kind of approach to supplement available resources for the potential development of specific production activities and to take upadditionalactivities best suited to the specific agro-climatic and social conditions of different districts to make best use of the available resources for improving the growth of agriculture sector through overall district planning concept.

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Realization of the potential benefits of alley farming will depend on the speed and completeness of the adoption and diffusion of the system among potential users. Diffusion and adoption refer to two distinct processes. The diffusion of an innovation means the total process by which an innovation spreads out among farmers until a large number of them have adopted it. Adoption concerns the behavior of individuals in relation to the use of technology, more particularly their reasons for taking up use of the technology at a point in time. Understanding and improving the prospects for diffusion and adoption of alley farming depend upon effective socioeconomic assessment. This unit describes the way in which the social sciences contribute to the testing and development of alley farming. It presents the farming system as an appropriate framework for socio-economic assessment of alley farming. Finally, it discusses the major socio-economic issues affecting the diffusion and adoption of the technology.

reas of Effectiveness The particular areas in which social science can be effective are: 1. Involvement of farmers, households, and communities as effective participants in the design, evaluation, and extension of alley farming systems.

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2. Definition of recommendation domains based on (a) household considerations such as need assessment, gender and age

responsibilities, household/community relationships, and (b) socioeconomic factors such as market prices of inputs, labor supply and demand, and regional development priorities. 3. Integrated analysis of biophysical and socio-economic indicators with respect to (a) the existing production systems and (b) the proposed alley farming systems; 4. Identification and analysis of social constraints to wide-scale adoption of alley farming; 5. Design of appropriate strategies for community organization and mobilization of resources to promote the technology. 6. Determination of the socio-economic impacts of technology innovations, and analysis of their implications for further research. This list shows that socio-economic assessment can play a role in every stage of an alley farming research project. Researchers should avoid the traditional practice, in which socio-economic assessment occurs only in the first and the final stages of technology development (Figure 6-1). Ideally, socio-economic assessment will be carried out as part of an multidisciplinary research effort. There could be three to five members on the research team, including at least one social scientist. Their first joint

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assignment would be to conduct a survey at the village level. This exercise teaches the team to work together and to understand farmers' perspectives

The Farming System Any agroforestry technology - and alley farming is no exception - is a means for farmers to achieve their goals and objectives. Thus, to design and evaluate appropriate technologies, it is indispensable to understand the environment in which farmers exist and make decisions. Farmers are part of a social milieu which influences their behavior, aspirations, and decision-making processes. Therefore, effective development and implementation of a new technology require a sound understanding not only of the biological systems involved but also of the human systems. The appropriate unit of analysis for alley farming technology is the farming system (Figure 6-2). A farming system comprises sub-systems of household, agricultural production, and other on-farm and off-farm activities. Within the household, there is the household head, whether male or female (implicitly referred to as the farmer, the beneficiary of technology), as well as the other members of the immediate or extended family. The household system provides purpose and organization to the multiple activities, specifically in decisions related to establishing priorities, allocating resources, implementing activities, utilizing and distributing outputs, and assessing the overall performance of the farming system. Furthermore, it is the household which

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organizes and manages all relationships of the farming system with the external environment

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CHAPTER-02

FARMING SYSTEMS:Jhansiis a tribal state of India. It is located between 17046' to 2406' N and 80015' to 84051' E. The state has diversified agroclimatic zones viz. plains, plateau and hills. Types of natural vegetation, crops and resources available with the tribals varied to a great extent. Similarly, size and population of livestock inhabited in the different agroclimatic zones also varied largely. This study was conducted in the Jhansi Plains having average rainfall of 1024mm. The staple food of tribals are mainly rice, rice byproducts, corn grains, Wheat sorghum, kodo millet and finger millet are the main feed ingredient produced during mansoon. Oil cakes, Sunflower (Helianthus sp.) and pulses (Lakhdi (Lathyrus sp.), Soyabean are the feed ingredients mainly included in the ration of livestock. Rice straw, pulse straw and locally available green grasses served as the source of roughage for livestock feeding. Farmers did not supplement vitamins and minerals in the diet of livestock. Animals are small sized and low producer (2 to 3 kg milk), bullocks are used for draft purpose and dung as a source of fuel for cooking their meals and manure to fertilize soil. The average family size is 5. Besides
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crop farming which is mainly for 4 months in a year, tribals are survived with livestock-poultry-duck-fish or with their subsidiary occupations (basket making, bee keeping etc.). The farming being followed by the tribals is very unscientific and income generated through such farming is hardly sufficient to meet out their livelihood. However, using the existing resources the farming system can be made viable, sustainable and income generating with great opportunities of employment potential. Since this area is dominated by the small holding tribals, different modules have been structured to utilize and recycle the available resources to level out their socio-economic status. Jhansistate is mainly a mono-cropped state with rice (Oryza Sativa) being the main crop cultivated in 3/5th of total area during Kharif season. More than 80 per cent of the population is dependent upon agriculture for its livelihood. Due to mono-crop cultivation, this portion of the population remained unemployed during eight months of the year. Because of limited irrigation facility, it makes the farmers vulnerable to drought, which threatens the harvest of paddy. The concept of man - land - livestock ecosystem is gaining momentum to maximize food production and to elevate economic status of the farmers by multifarious enterprises. For human need, the livestock provides food, fiber, skin, traction, fertilizer and fuel. Livestock also constitutes "living bank" providing flexible financial farm activities particularly by incorporating livestock

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reserve in times of emergency and serve as "insurance" against crop failure for survival. Farmers keep cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats including small numbers of poultry in backyard to meet their domestic needs. Therefore, livestock became an integral part of farming system as such. Other agricultural components like horticulture, plantation, vegetables, sericulture, agro-forestry are also prevalent in the homesteads. These units are operated either alone or in combination depending upon the size of the farm holdings and other available resources. In this system, animals are raised on agricultural waste. The animal power is used for agricultural operation and the dung is used as manure and fuel. It may be possible to reach the some level of yield with proportionately less input in the integrated farming and the yield would be inherently more sustainable because the waste of one enterprise becomes the input of another leaving almost no waste to pollute the environment or to degrade the resource base. To put this concept into practice efficiently, it is necessary to study linkage and complementary of different enterprises will help to develop integrated farming system in which the waste of one enterprise is more efficiently used as input to another within the system An attempt was made to prepare a schematic model representing the various combinations of the mixed farming system based on the present study (Figure 2)

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Mixed farming of 2 bullocks + 1 cow + 1 buffaloes + 10 goats + 10 poultry + 10 ducks gave a net return of Rs 33076 compared to Rs 7843 from arable farming. Singh (1994) reported that 1ha canal irrigated land gave net return ranging from Rs 14000 to Rs 32700 in different years in mixed farming with 3 crossbred cows. Where as, it was observed to be ranging from negative to Rs 19700 in mixed farming with 3 buffaloes. Comparative figures for arable farming were between Rs 3300 and Rs 12400 (Singh 1994).

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Madhava Swamy (1985) observed that the net returns were higher by Rs 620, 5198 and 1598 in diversified farms of farming, poultry and sheep rearing, respectively over the crop enterprise farm in Karnool district of Andhra Pradesh. Singh (1994) compared three types of farming system and found that the mixed farming with 3 cross bred cows gave the highest net return of about Rs 21,000 and also generated highest mandays of employment. Agriculture is still considered the major sector providing employment in India (Singh 1994). However, the small and marginal farmer families and agricultural laborers have to face employment and under employment due to seasonal work in crop production (Swaminathan 1981) and also due to the natural calamities occurring at one or the other seasons of the year. In this study too, the mixed farming system suggested better means for providing regular employment to these sections of rural mass in tribal area. The study revealed that employment potential of mixed farming system was higher than arable farming. In a mixed farming system of 1.5 acre land, the employment generation was 316 mandays with almost uniform distribution throughout the year compared to 165 mandays in arable farming with more labour employment only during July-August period of agriculture operations. Ramrao et al (2005) developed a mixed farming (crop-livestock) module of 1.5 acre small scale holders with the employment generation of 571 mandays, net income of Rs. 58456 per year against crop farming alone with

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employment generation of 385 mandays and net returns of Rs. 18300 per year only. The conservation of ecosystem and recycling of energy and mineral matter in soil-plant-animal/human- atmosphere have been followed by Singh (1994). The recycling of precious organic manurial wastes (energy/mineral matter) might have been responsible for conserving ecosystem and thus increasing the fertility of soil and keeping the environment free from pollution hazards. In view of the pressure of population on land there is no alternative to meet the demand for food and other agricultural raw materials except through increase in agriculture- animal production per unit land per unit time on one hand and concern of humanity regarding pollution and environment on other. Good amount of feed for animals was also available from the system itself. The farmyard manure available from the animal was used for manuring of crops and 30-35% savings in fertilizer use could be affected in mixed farming system

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Cropping pattern i observed that wheat, jowar, soybean and bajra other around 20 per cent the cultivated area in the G.P. DAGARWAHA,Block-Babina District Jhansi followed by cereals which accounted for around 60 percent of the cropped area. While horticultural crops occupied around 10per cent of the cropped area, pulses occupied around 10 per cent. With regard to the study G.P. DAGARWAHA, Block-Babina District Jhansi accounted for around 60 per cent of the area under cereals in the district. While G.P.

DAGARWAHA,Block-Babina District Jhansi accounted for around 20per cent in respect of pulses, the share of District Jhansi in the total cropped area

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Correction is required in English, sentence formation. Productivity of Cereal Crops, 2011-12

Productivity of Pulses in 2011-12

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Poultry
Animal Census had estimated the total poultry broilers and poultry layers in Uttar Pradesh at 32.32 lakh and 41.09 lakh respectively. The state of UP ranks at 8 in total egg production in the country. About 80% eggs come from private commercial poultry farms and the rest comes from backyard poultry. The per capital per annum production of eggs and meat in UP are estimated at 5 eggs and 100 gm meat respectively whereas per capital consumption of these two items in the state is estimated at 18 eggs and 300 gm meat respectively. To meet this gap, about 40 lakh eggs and 2.20 lakh broilers are imported from the neigh boring states. The large gap in per capita consumption and per capita production of eggs and poultry meat indicates that there exists a huge potential to grow in the State of Uttar Pradesh.

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Animal Husbandry
As per the livestock census of 2003 the total population of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat in the region was 10.18 million heads and poultry and pig population accounted for another 1.21 million heads. Further analysis of cattle population reveals that crossbred cattle accounts for a negligible 0.5% as against the national average of about 15%, indicative of low priority accorded to cross breeding programme in the region. Only the districts of Mahoba, Jalaun Jhansi and Lalitpur in UP. By and large, non-descript indigenous cattle of very low productivity accounts for rest of cattle population. Buffaloes and goats are equally distributed in the region. Goats are sold regularly in local haats after 8-9 months of age and ensure income periodically to cope up with exigencies. Sheep population accounts for hardly 3% of the total population. A modern plant for processing of meat, milk and other by-products should be an urgency to add value to the products in Jhansi.

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Dairy Development
Dairy production is an important component in the entire region with greater focus on buffalo rearing for milk over cattle rearing. This is also corroborated by the last two livestock census data indicating increase 105 in buffalo population and decrease in cattle population. Cattle population in the Jhansi is characterized by higher number of unproductive animals with only 18 % of cattle in the category of milch animals whereas 33 % of the buffaloes are in milk indicating the preference of farmers for rearing buffaloes for milk production if fodder and feed supply is assured. Dairy entrepreneurship(Jhansi dairy) has been able to provide daily income and provide security to farmers. The animal holding is dependent on size of land holding of farmers and their economic status. However, by and large even the landless and small farmers are also maintaining at least one cow/ buffalo as an ensured source of income and asset. However, no concerted effort has been made for development of dairy sector in terms of breed improvement, establishment of a comprehensive milk collection network system, feed and fodder production and providing effective input delivery mechanism. There exists a considerable scope for further development of this subsistence component of dairy sector in whole of Bundelkhand region.

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Vermi Compost Unit


Vermicomposting is a method of preparing enriched compost with the use of Earthworms. It is one of the easiest methods to recycle agricultural wastes and to produce quality compost. Earthworms consume biomass and excrete it in digested form called worm casts. Worm casts are popularly called as Black gold.

Advantages There are many advantages of Vermicomposting: It provides efficient conversion of organic wastes/crop/animal residues. It is a stable and enriched soil conditioner.

It helps in reducing the toxicity of heavy metals. It is economically viable and environmentally safe nutrient supplement for Organic food production.

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MACHINERY SUPPLIERS Locally available

RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS Locally available Benefit During my study I visit a Vermicompost unit in the village Ganeshgarh and meet Mr. Veer Singh rajput(unit holder ) he know about the benifits of Vermicomposting .it is a highly profitable venture for farmers having dairy units. The approximate cost Rs.10/kg and benefit under different of production in farming.

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Horticulture
Horticulture can generate employment at all stages from nursery raising, planting, harvesting, packing and retailing. Traditionally ber, amla, karonda, fruit, phalsa, bael and citrus growing on the private and forest lands are very common. These species of land races should be included in the afforestation programme of the forest department and at least 20% of the species should be fruit yielding. However intensification and diversification to other fruit, improved varieties, cultivars and root stock can enhance income of Jhansi. There are many land races and sufficient variability to exploit. Bundelkhand is also known for the cultivation of chillies, tomatoes, onion, brinjal, potatoes and marigold flowers. There is a scope of enhancing their productivity and marketing in farmers of jhansi.

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Rain fall Scenario 2010

Rainfall in mm June to 14th Sept.

Normal 734.5

Actual 606.5

% 82.6

300
280.9 275.6

250
239.4 233.8

200 150 100 50


21.3 20.3 85.2 95 84.8 83

Normal
136

Actual
113

Percent

June

July

August

September

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S N

Crops

Kharif 2009 Productio n Lakh M.T. Productivit y Qtl/ha. 20.81 14.57 8.88 16.36 5.09 4.06 4.41 17.67 2.69

Kharif 10 Productio n Lakh M.T. 118.03 10.61 1.84 13.91 0.04 1.99 0.10 2.85 149.37 1.05 Productivit y Qtl/ha 21.02 14.05 9.58 15.35 6.11 4.75 2.80 8.37 18.06 3.31

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Rice Maize Jowar Bajra Millets Urd Moong Arhar

107.61 10.20 1.90 13.89 0.04 2.26 0.30 136.20 1.18

Foodgrain 9 Oilsee d

Assessment of Production: Kharif 2010

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TARGET : RABI 2010-11

Crops

Area (Lac ha.)

Production (Lac MT.)

Area (Lac ha.) 94.00 2.02 0.06 96.08 17.91 113.99 6.06 120.05

Production (Lac MT.)

Wheat Barley Maize Cereals Pulses Food Grains Oil Seeds Total

96.68 1.71 0.05 98.44 15.22 113.66 6.48 120.14

275.18 3.62 0.14 278.94 15.87 294.81 6.98 301.79

309.21 4.46 0.21 313.88 27.46 341.34 8.40 349.74

12.37% Proposed increase in Wheat Production 15.78% Proposed increase in Food Grain Production 17.67% Proposed increase in Pulse coverage
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Productivity Targets of Rabi 10-11 Crops Productivity Achieved 2008-09 200910 Wheat Barley Rabi Maize Gram Pea Masur Arhar Rapseed/mustard Linseed 30.02 21.88 26.25 10.13 12.07 8.83 9.14 11.23 4.50 28.46 21.17 28.00 8.24 12.82 8.04 6.62 11.14 4.29 32.89 22.00 35.00 10.77 15.86 9.83 14.63 14.50 4.68 Targeted Productivity

2010-11

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Seed

Crops

Rabi 2009-10

Rabi 2010-11 4000000 64000 6210 157500 124500 51600 21000 12000 2800 4439610

Increase % 10.86 5.79 46.36 3.22 8.64 2.35 2.48 -6.58 39.93 10.28

Rabi 2009-10 37.32 35.38 35.35 30.86 45.91 18.91 66.85 91.75 19.42 37.92

Rabi 2010-11 43.43 29.77 51.96 28.00 30.00 33.02 73.68 100 28 41.81

Wheat Barley Rabi Maize Gram Pea Lentil Rai / Sarson Toria Linseed Total

3608096 60500 4243 152593 114599 50417 20491 12845 2001 4025785

Raising Seed Replacement Rate from 37.92 % to 41.81% . 4.13 lakh qtl additional seeds being distributed. Sufficient seed availability ensured. Write the source from which you have taken the data, at the end of every table. Also mention, as title, with reference to place etc.
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CHAPTER-03

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Research Methodology
. It is a way to systematically solve the research problem. In it we study the various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem along with the logic behind them. It include the research methods/techniques as well as its methodology. Thus when we talk of research methodology we not only talk of research methods but also consider the logic behind the methods we use in the context of our research study and explain why we are using a particular methods or techniques and why we are not using others. So that research results are capable of being evaluated either by research himself or by others. The method of the research used here is descriptive. Descriptive research includes surveys and fact finding enquiries of different kinds. It is used to portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group. This research include survey and fact finding enquiries of different kind. Basic purpose of this type of research is that it describes the Jhansi of affairs in current scenario. It is being generally used in social science and business research. This study is also termed as ex post facto Main characteristic of method are that research has no control over the variables he can only report what happening.

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Here in descriptive research we have prepared questionnaire and done surveys of different individuals COLLECTION OF DATA In dealing with any real life problem, it is often found that data at hand are inadequate and hence, it becomes necessary to collect data that are appropriate. The task of data collection begins after a research problem has been defined and research design has been formulated. There are several ways of collecting the appropriate data which differ considerably in the context of monetary cost, time and other resources, so it becomes necessary to collect data in a manner which is appropriate. While deciding about the method of data collection to be used for the study, the researcher should keep in mind two types of data viz. Primary Secondary Primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time and thus happen to be original in character. The secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else which have already been passed through statistical process.

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Data Sources Primary data collection involved distributors, retailers. Research Approaches Research Instrument : : Survey Interview

Sampling Plan Research Design Sampling Unit Sampling size Sampling Areas : : : : Exploratory Retailers 100 (Size of the Universe?)

gram panchayat dagarwaha block-babina Jhansi

Sampling Techniques : Contact Method :

Simple Random sampling Personal Interview

In interview schedule I used multiple choice question and ranking system questions. What was your method of sampling, also the sample size as % of the universe.

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FORMAL INFORMATION SOURCES These are the source of information which are authentic and reliable, obtained though proper channel in the organization by adhering to a systematic and structured procedure. For example Through company manuals, journal and other published material like balanced sheet, annuals report etc. Questionnaire Personal interview and mails. Through the company person.

INFORMAL INFORMATION SOURCES These are the sources of information which are obtained through our interpersonal relationship with the employees of agriculture department of Jhansi. For example Employees of same department. External persons. Primary data

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Data which is collected for the first come for a specific purpose is generally known as primary data. For example Personal interview and mails Questionnaire Feedback form SECONDARY DATA Data which is collected for some other purpose but which can be used either partially or fully for the present study is known as secondary data. For example Published article Internet Annual report of company like annuals sales report. Here in my research I have used both the primary as well as secondary data for research topic. Primary data that I have used is the structured questionnaire. I have designed a structured questionnaire as they are simple to administer and relatively inexpensive to analyze Provision of alternative replies, helps to understand the meaning of questions clearly. There were multiple choice questions. The data was collected by conducting personal interview of respondents with the help of questionnaire.

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Along with the primary data obtained through use of questionnaire. I have used secondary data from various sources like financial websites, business magazines, newspapers, journals etc ANALYSIS OF DATA The data after collection has to be processed and analyzed in accordance with the outline laid down for the purpose at the time of developing the research plan. Here the data I have collected through survey it needs editing, coding, classifying and tabulation. There are many steps involved in processing and analyses of data. These are as follows: 1. Totaling of all the survey conducted for temporary, permanent and staff employee separately. 2. Calculating the number of employees giving the same answers for the question having different options available for questions 3. Calculating the percentage of each question having different answers provided by different employees. 4. Now prepare the pie chart for these questions for the all questions included in survey having multiple choice questions separately.

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DATA ANALYSIS OF AREA: RAMGARH,DEVGARH, GANESHGARH

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DATA ANALYSIS 1) House condition S.No. 1 Topic KACHA MITHI KA MAKAN 2 3 4 5 PAKKA MAKAN INDIRA AWAS NO HOUSE OTHERS 10 3 2 5 Percentage (%) 80

3% 2% 5% 10% KACHA MITHI KA MAKAN PAKKA MAKAN INDIRA AWAS 80% NO HOUSE OTHERS

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Facilities :

S.No. 1 2 3

Topic ELECTRICITY CYCLE TRACTOR

Percentage 50 30 20

ELECTRICITY

CYCLE

TRACTOR

20%

50% 30%

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2) Fuel used in cooking:

S.No. 1 2 3

Topic WOODEN COAL COOKING GAS KEROSINE OIL

Percentage (%) 50 20 30

This table tells what? & graph is not correct. You must tell the place from which this data is.

WOODEN COAL

COOKING GAS

KEROSINE OIL

30% 50%

20%

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3) Source of water:

S.No. 1 2 3

Topic TUBEWELLS HANDPUMPS WELL (KUAN)

Percentage (%) 30 10 60

TUBEWELLS

HANDPUMPS

KUAN

30%

60% 10%

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4) Availability of card in family :

S.No. 1 2 BPL APL

CARD

Percentage (%) 20 80

BPL CARD

APL CARD

20%

80%

If 80% of the village is in the category of APL then I think you must review your tables on facilities and fuels.

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6. Availability of card in farming family:

S.No. 1 2

Topic NREGA CARD KISAN CARD CREDIT

Percentage (%) 10 70

3 4

SMART CARD BANK ACCOUNT

10 10

NREGA CARD

KISAN CREDIT CARD

SMART CARD

BANK ACCOUNT

10% 10%

10%

70%

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5) Source of income per year:

S. No. 1 2

Topic FARMING INCOME CATTLE FROM

Percentage (%) 90 5

GARDENING

FARMING

INCOME FROM CATTLE 5% 5%

GARDNING

90%

50

6) Number of cattle in family:

S.No. 1 2 3 4 COW OX

Topic

Percentage (%) 20 5 45 30

BUFFALO GOAT

COW

OX

BUFFALO

GOAT

30%

20% 5%

45%

51

7) Money Lender:

S.No. 1 2 3 4 5

Topic FROM RELATIVES NGO BANK RRB SHG

Percentage (%) 60 0 20 15 5

FROM RELATIVES

NGO

BANK

RRB

SHG

15%

5%

20%

60%

0%

52

8) Purpose of loan:

S.No. 1 2

Topic HOUSEHOLD FARMING PURPOSE

Percentage (%) 5 70

3 4

HOUSE WORK MARRIAGE PURPOSE

10 15

HOUSEHOLD

FARMING PURPOSE

HOUSE WORK

MARRIAGE PURPOSE

15% 10%

5%

70%

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9) Loan in case of Govt. Scheme :

S.No. 1 2 3 KCC

Topic

Percentage (%) 80 15 5

SMART CARD KHADI GRAMODYOG

KCC

SMART CARD

KHADI GRAMODYOG

15%

5%

80%

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10)

Availability of irrigation facility :

S.No. 1 2 3 4 WELL

Topic

Percentage (%) 80 5 5 10

RAINING WATER DAM RIVER

WELL

RAINING WATER

DAM

RIVER

5% 5%

10%

80%

55

11)

Types of land :

S.No. 1 2 3

Topic SINCHIT A SINCHIT PARTI/FALLOW LAND AREA

Percentage (%) 90 5 3

HORTICULTURE

SINCHIT

A SINCHIT 5%

PARTI/FALLOW LAND AREA 3% 2%

HORTICULTURE

90%

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FINDINGS

Following are the findings which are given below : 70% respondents said KACHA MITHI KA MAKAN in House condition 60% respondents said WOODEN COAL Fuel used in cooking. 60% respondents said WELL is source of water. 80% respondents said APL CARD is Availability of card in family 70% respondents said KISAN CREDIT CARD availability of card in farming family

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SUGGESTIONS
These are follows. The agriculture department should provide the feedback forms to get the response of the products. Before the launch an aggressive advertising must be carried out in order to inform the customer about the new product. Continuous innovation in production process and services too are recommended to get the competitive edge. Agriculture department should disclose own financial budget. Agriculture department can do better utilization of their resources. Agriculture department must adopt the better pricing policy for healthy competition with the existing competitors. Agriculture department should provide at least one holiday in a week for group C&D employees. Agriculture department should be kept separate per unit budget of their plant. To expand the market in a rural area

58

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The research is confined to a certain parts of AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT, JHANSI, UTTAR PRADESH and necessarily shows a pattern applicable to all does of not village

ramgarh,devgarh,ganeshgarh Some divulge

respondents

were reluctant to

personal information which can affect the validity of all

responses.

. In a rapidly changing industry, analysis on one day or in one segment can change very quickly. The environmental changes are vital to be considered in order to assimilate the findings.

The opinion expressed by the respondents may be biased. The attitude of the research might be biased. Another limitation is that there is lack of time. If more time is given then studies will be more effective.

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CONCLUSION
Recently I study in this given study that the people of rural villages of block babina Jhansi spend more time on field working. Farmers are facing lot of problem in farming related with cultivation. govt are providing lots of policies but the villagers are not aware of such policies that is why they are unable to take benefits . by evaluation and sample survey the village should be conduct as a asset outcome. the Farmers have little source of irrigation and the manage such problem by taking irrigation water on rent. in my survey the I have seen that govt. has provided lots of farming land on lease but sc peoples of these village are landless and they survive by doing work on others land. many people of this village are illiterate or have very little literacy level that is why many people are unable to take benefits of govt. polices. Correct the sentence formation.

From the study it is concluded that integrated farming system with 2 bullocks + 1 cow + 1 buffaloes + 10 goats along with other subsidiaries like poultry and duck is the most beneficial system which can augment the income of tribals to improve their socio-economic status.

More emphasis is still required to generate a generalized model suited to various farm size holdings in different agro climatic conditions.

Migration is very disruptive and can lead to children being removed from their school and the family losing is easy access to health and food support services .also the migration can be very painful as the level of housing is

60

very poor and often basic sanitary facilities such as toilet are not available to migrant in urban areas

61

REFERENCES
1) www.agriculture.up.nic.in 2) Information from ministry of agriculture development 3) Ministry of agro and rural industries 4) five years plans 6)www.cabi.publishing.org 7) The Hindu agriculture magazine 8) yojana magazine

62

ANNEXURE

63

QUESITONNAIRE Jhansi district Block babina Village-ganeshgarh, ramgarh, devgarh Gram-panchyat-dagarwaha For the field work i went to the villages of Jhansi district to make report on household survey. I served following villages ganeshgarh, devgarh, ramgarh competed my PRA. I visited the site village where work is going on and I reached to one solution which made this project stronger and meaningful. Outcome of the field survey in the form of 1) Evaluation of the farming system 2) Joint working of the agriculture and ministry of rural development 3) Social and economical status survey used the sampling method

64

GRAM PANCHAYAT DAGARWAHA VIKASKHAND BABINA JHANSI U.P Serial no 1 2 3 4 Ganeshgarh Ramgarh Devgarh Total 1181 710 403 2294 309 207 97 613 254 133 86 473 618 370 220 1208 population total male female child

CASTE WISE POPULATION SERIAL NO 1 2 3 VILLAGE NAME GANESHGARH RAMGARH DEVGARH 15 130 50 1163 565 353 3 15 NIL 1181 710 403 SC OBC GENERAL TOTAL

65

CULTIVATION WISE FARMERS FAMILY DETAILS S.No. LANDHOLDIN G GANES HGARH RAM GARH DEV GAR H 1 2 3 4 MINOR (0-1)hac SMALL(1-2)hac MIDDLE(2-4)hac LARGE above 4 hac 188 100 20 2 130 77 Nil nil 70 22 5 nil 388 199 25 2 Total

SC family have neither owned land neither leasehold landform farming in these village

66

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE-II Name of Gram Panchayat Name of Vikaskhand FAMILY DETAIL: Name Sri kripraram Village District Ganeshgarh jhansi Father name Block Lt .Shri Caste Lodhi dagarwaha babina Village ganeshgarh Tehsil Jhansi

ajuude Babina Tehsil Jhansi

S. No.

Name

sex

ag e

Relat ion to karta

Educti on

sch ool

Primar y occupat ion

Handic aped

Kriparam

65

Self

3rd pass

NO

FARMI NG

Nathuram

30

Son

B.A

NO

FARMI NG

Sumitra

63

Wife

NIL

NO

FARMI NG

Shima

28

Daug hter in
67

NIL

NO

FARMI NG

law 5 Abhinav M 6 Neph ew 6 Manoj M 28 Son B.A NIL YE S NO FARMI NG SIKSH AMITR A 7 Saroj F 27 Daug hter in law 8 Abhav ku M 7 Neph ew 9 Prachi F 3 Nice NILL 1ST YE S NO FARMI NG FARMI NG X X 8TH NO FARMI NG X X X

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

House condition Facilities Fuel used in cooking Source of water

: : : :

KACHA MITHI KA MAKAN Electricity, Cycle, Tractor Wooden Coal, Cooking Gas Tubewells , Handpumps Bpl Card, Ration Card Farming ,Income From Cattle, Gardening

Availablity of card in family : Source of income per year :

7)

No. of cattle in family

2 COW, 2 OX, 3 BAOFALLO, HEN


68

8) 9) 10) 11)

Savings Lendor Interest rate of loan Purpose of loan

: : : :

Rs. 10000 IN BANK FROM RELATIVES,NGO,BANK 9% Household & Farming Purpose, Marriage

12) 13) 14) 15)

Loan in case of Govt. Scheme: Available land in Hectare :

KCC,SMARTCARD 3 Hectare

Availability of irrigation facility : Well Types of land Type of land Sinchit area Asinchit area Falo land area 3 HECT 1 HECT X X X X X X X X X 1 HECT X 4 HECT X Owned Leased : Sinchit Lease/freehold partnership Total

16) No of period available for irrigation:JULY-APRIL LAST 17) source of drinking water :WELL

69

Name of crop

Sowed area

Sinchit/asinch it YES

Production/he ct. 30 TON

Capit al 25000

KHARIF:MUNGFALI RABI:WHEET,CHAN A JAYED:CHARA

3 HECT

3.5HEC T

YES

70 TON

30000

.5 HECT

YES

20 TON

5000

18)

Available

farming

machines

:THRESSAR,WEEDER

MACHINE,ENGINE TRACTOR TROLLY You were asked to put forward the format of the schedule/questionnaire and not the one which you discussed.

How all this information justify your topic Evaluation of farming

system socio-economic status of villegers of g.p. dagarwaha, blockbabina, Jhansi (u.p)


Do something on this aspect.

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