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Introduction to RSS
RSS is a method that uses XML to distribute web content on one web site, to many other
web sites.
• HTML / XHTML
• XML / XML Namespaces
If you want to study these subjects first, find the tutorials on our Home page.
What is RSS?
History of RSS
• 1999 - Netscape develops RSS 0.90 (which supported scriptingNews). This was simply XML
with an RDF Header.
• 1999 - Dave Winer at UserLand develops scriptingNews 2.0b1 (This included Netscape's
RSS 0.90 features)
• 1999 - Netscape develops RSS 0.91. In this version they removed the RDF header, but
included most features from scriptingNews 2.0b1.
• 1999 - UserLand gets rid of scriptingNews and uses only RSS 0.91
• 2000 - A group lead by Rael Dornfest at O'Reilly develops RSS 1.0. This format uses RDF
and namespaces. This version is often confused as being a new version of 0.91, but this is a
completely new format with no ties to RSS 0.91
RSS Syntax
The syntax rules of RSS 2.0 are very simple and very strict. The rules are very easy to
learn, and very easy to use.
• <title> - Defines the title of the channel (e.g. W3Schools Home Page)
• <link> - Defines the hyperlink to the channel (e.g. http://www.w3schools.com)
• <description> - Describes the channel (e.g. Free web building tutorials)
Finally, the two last lines close the <channel> and <rss> elements.
Comments in RSS
The syntax for writing comments in RSS is similar to that of HTML:
<!-- This is an RSS comment -->
• <title> - Defines the title of the channel (e.g. W3Schools Home Page)
• <link> - Defines the hyperlink to the channel (e.g. http://www.w3schools.com)
• <description> - Describes the channel (e.g. Free web building tutorials)
The <channel> element usually contains one or more <item> elements. Each <item> element
defines an article or "story" in the RSS feed.
Furthermore, there are several optional child elements of <channel>. We will explain the most
important ones below.
Element Description
<category> Optional. Defines one or more categories for the feed
<cloud> Optional. Register processes to be notified immediately of updates of
the feed
<copyright> Optional. Notifies about copyrighted material
<description> Required. Describes the channel
<docs> Optional. Specifies an URL to the documentation of the format used in
the feed
<generator> Optional. Specifies the program used to generate the feed
<image> Optional. Allows an image to be displayed when aggregators present a
feed
<language> Optional. Specifies the language the feed is written in
<lastBuildDate> Optional. Defines the last-modified date of the content of the feed
<link> Required. Defines the hyperlink to the channel
<managingEditor> Optional. Defines the e-mail address to the editor of the content of the
feed
<pubDate> Optional. Defines the last publication date for the content of the feed
<rating> Optional. The PICS rating of the feed
<skipDays> Optional. Specifies the days where aggregators should skip updating
the feed
<skipHours> Optional. Specifies the hours where aggregators should skip updating
the feed
<textInput> Optional. Specifies a text input field that should be displayed with the
feed
<title> Required. Defines the title of the channel
<ttl> Optional. Specifies the number of minutes the feed can stay cached
before refreshing it from the source
<webMaster> Optional. Defines the e-mail address to the webmaster of the feed
Furthermore, there are several optional child elements of <item>. We will explain the most
important ones below.
A media-file included in the item in the RSS document above could be:
<enclosure url="http://www.w3schools.com/rss/rss.mp3"
length="5000" type="audio/mpeg" />
Element Description
<author> Optional. Specifies the e-mail address to the author of the item
<category> Optional. Defines one or more categories the item belongs to
<comments> Optional. Allows an item to link to comments about that item
<description> Required. Describes the item
<enclosure> Optional. Allows a media file to be included with the item
<guid> Optional. Defines a unique identifier for the item
<link> Required. Defines the hyperlink to the item
<pubDate> Optional. Defines the last-publication date for the item
<source> Optional. Specifies a third-party source for the item
<title> Required. Defines the title of the item
Having an RSS document is not useful if other people cannot reach it.
• Yahoo - http://publisher.yahoo.com/rss_guide/submit.php
• Google - http://www.google.com/ig (this is the Google personalized homepage. However,
Google will index any RSS feed added here)
• MSN - http://w.moreover.com/site/products/ind/pingserver.html (MSN search uses the
Moreover news database)
8. Update your feed - Now you have registered your RSS feed with Google, Yahoo, and MSN. Now
you must make sure that you update your content frequently and that your RSS feed is constantly
available.
For users who only need an RSS feed for their personal website, some of the most popular blog
(Web Log) managers that offer built-in RSS services are:
• Blogger
• Radio
RSS Readers
RSS readers are available for many different devices and OS.
RSS Readers
There are a lot of different RSS readers. Some work as web services, and some are limited to
windows (or Mac, PDA or UNIX). Here are a few I have tried and liked:
• NewsGator Online - A free online RSS reader. Includes synchronization with Outlook,
viewing TV content with Media Center Edition, and publication of blogs and headlines.
• RssReader - A free Windows-based RSS reader. Supports RSS versions 0.9x, 1.0 and 2.0
and Atom 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3.
• FeedDemon - A Windows-based RSS reader. Very easy to use and has a very orderly
interface. However, this is not freeware!
• blogbot - An RSS reader plug-in for Outlook or Internet Explorer. The light-version for
Internet Explorer is free.
Tip: The Mozilla Firefox browser has a built-in RSS Reader. If you go to a web site that offers RSS
feeds, you will see the Firefox RSS icon in the address bar. Click on the icon to view a list of the
different feeds. Choose the feed you want to read.
Click on the little or button next to the RSS feed you want to read. Copy The URL you
get in the browser window and paste it in your RSS reader.
RSS Examples
These examples demonstrate RSS using our RSS reader to view the results.
RSS <channel> Element
Setting the required channel elements (<title>, <link>, and <description>)
Specify a category for the RSS
Specify the program used to generate the RSS
Add an image to the RSS
Specify the language of the RSS
Add an text input field to the RSS
Specify days that the RSS should not be updated
Examples explained
RSS <item> element
Setting the required item elements (<title>, <link>, and <description>)
Add a link to comments about the RSS item
Add a media file to the RSS item
Specify a unique identifier for the item
Specify the publication date for the RSS item
Specify a third-party source for the RSS item
Examples explained
RSS Reference
Element Description
<author> Optional. Specifies the e-mail address to the author of the item
<category> Optional. Defines one or more categories the item belongs to
<comments> Optional. Allows an item to link to comments about that item
<description> Required. Describes the item
<enclosure> Optional. Allows a media file to be included with the item
<guid> Optional. Defines a unique identifier for the item
<link> Required. Defines the hyperlink to the item
<pubDate> Optional. Defines the last-publication date for the item
<source> Optional. Specifies a third-party source for the item
<title> Required. Defines the title of the item