OBJETIVOS GENERALES DE LA ASIGNATURA

AL FINALIZAR ESTE SEMESTRE EL ALUMNO: ADQUIRIR UN VOCABULARIO Y ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES TANTO DEL TIEMPO SIMPLE COMO DE ALGUNOS TIEMPOS COMPUESTOS USAR CORRECTAMENTE EN FORMA ORAL Y ESCRITA LOS TIEMPOS PASADO SIMPLE Y LOS PASADOS Y PRESENTES EN SU MODALIDAD DE PROGRESIVOS CON LOS CONOCIMIENTOS PREVIOS Y LOS NUEVOS QUE ADQUIRIR, ESTAR EN POSIBILIDADES DE REALIZAR TRADUCCIONES DE TEXTOS COTIDIANOS UNIDAD I PRESENT CONTINOUS ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY PAST TENSE OF BE AUXILIARY COULD REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS UNIDAD II SIMPLE PAST TENSE COUNT AND NON COUNT NOUNS SOME AND ANY HOW MUCH / HOW MANY A LOT OF TERCERA UNIDAD OBJECT PRONOUNS IRREGULAR NOUNS USED TO

1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Subject I You He, She, It We They

be am are is are are

Base verb + ing working buying playing eating building

Examples Im working in this factory. Youre buying a new hat. Hes/ shes/ its playing soccer We re eating hamburger Theyre building that house

For most verbs, add ing to the base: eating, studying. For one-syllable verbs ending in consonant + vowel + consonant, double the final consonant And add ing: shopping, planning. For verbs ending in consonant + e, drop the e and add ing: Taking. You can make a contraction with the subject and a form of be. Im wearing new shoes. Hes studying math. Were cleaning the classroom

Fill in the missing part of each sentence.

EXAMPLES: It s raining today. I am going to the mall. 1. You _____ going to the mall with me. 2. Mary isnt work _____ today. 3. She _____ cooking in this moment. 4. Im wear_____ my raincoat. 5. We _____ drinking water. 6. Frank and John _______ shopping today. 7. She ________ read____ the newspaper. 8. They _______ dance______ in the party. 9. Peter Pan ______ (neg.) flying. 10. The teachers _______talk_____ with the parents.

B Use the words to write a sentence in the present continuous EXAMPLE: many people / shop / today
1. Luis / look / for new summer clothes 2. I / sandals / buy 3. Three men / sit / on a bench 4. We / eat / at the mall today 5. We / take / the bus home 6. The children / talk / to their friends

Many people are shopping today

________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ ___________________________________

Negative form with present continuous

Subject I You He, she, it be + not am not are not is not Base verb + ing reading studying living Examples Im not reading a book You arent studying English She isnt living in Guadalajara He isnt living in this home We They are not are not cutting fixing We arent cutting the grass They arent fixing their car

Make negative sentences with present continuous. Use contractions.

Mario isnt reading the book ________________________________ _________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

EXAMPLE: Mario is reading the book

1. My friends are not playing basket ball 2. I am not working in this factory 3. We are not studying in this school 4. The dog is not playing with the ball 5. It is not working very well

Wh questions with present continuous

Wh words Who Where What When Why

be am are is are are

Subject I you he, she, it we they

Base verb + ing taking living wearing buying shopping

Examples

Who am I taking to the mall? Where are you living now? What is he, she, it wearing? When are we buying new clothes? Why are they shopping today?

A Find the mistake in each sentence and correct it

EXAMPLES: Why are she buying a new dress? Is____ What are you look for? Looking_

1. Where is we going today? _____________ 2. Who is your sister go to the mall with? __________ 3. Why are he using a coupon? _____________ 4. Why is you reading the letter? ____________ 5. What are you wear with your new skirt? ______________ 6. How much is I saving? _____________

Unscramble the words to form questions

Where is going Laura today?

Example: today / is / today / Laura / where / going

1. Going / is / she / how / today to the mall 2. The children / wearing / are / what 3. With you / taking / who / are / you 4. Why wearing Franco isnt sandals 5. Reading / you / are / what

_________________________________ __________________________________ _____________________________________

______________________________________ _____________________________________

SHORT ANSWERS WITH PRESENT CONTINUOUS

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Example: Are your sons working with you in this store?

Yes, they are working.

1. Is he saving 10 dollars with the coupon? (no) ____________________________ 2. Are the students studying the chapter one? (yes) _________________________ 3. Am I playing soccer with you this Friday?(no) ____________________________ 4. Is my mom writing that letter? (yes) ____________________________________ 5. Is your brother painting his room? (yes) _________________________________

2. ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
A. 1. Notice the position of words like always and compare their meanings

SINGLE WORD ADVERB OF FREQUENCY MAIN VERB

John Mary Bob Bill Alice Tom

always usually often sometimes seldom never

studies studies studies studies studies studies

at night at night at night at night at night at night

Always Usually Often

-------------------------------------------

100% 75%

---------------

all of the time most of the time

------------------------------------------

50% 25% 10% 0%

much of the time some of the time almost never

Sometimes ------------Seldom Never ---------------------------

-----------------------------

not at any time

COMMENTS

Adverbs like always (single-word adverbs of frequency) come before the main verb of a sentences. (See section B. 2 for sentences with it)

NOTE: Some of these adverbs are also used in other position as in the sentence Sometime / study at night

Exercise 1. Substitute a word like always for the multi-word adverbials of frequency

Mary drinks milk all of the time John drinks milk most of the time

MARY ALWAYS DRINKS MILK JOHN USUALLY DRINKS MILK

1. John drinks coffee some of the time 2. He almost never drinks tea 3. Mr Smith almost never drinks coffee 4. Mrs. Smith drinks coffee much of the time 5. She drinks water most of the time

____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

6. Mr. Miller has coffee at 10 A. M. all of the time __________________________________ 7. She has lunch in the morning most of the time 8. John eats in restaurants all the time 9. She eats at home most of the time 10. We read in the school all the time. __________________________________

_____________________________________ _____________________________________ ___________________________________.

Compare the position of always

Previous pattern: MAIN VERB

John

always

studies

at night

New pattern: Mary Is

BE always busy

COMMENT Adverbs like always (single-word adverbs of frequency) come after forms of be (am, is, are) Exercise 2. Substitute a word like always for the multi-word adverbials of frequency John is busy all of the time Mr. Alien is busy most of the time JOHN IS ALWAYS BUSY MR. ANDERSON IS USUALLY BUSY

1. Mrs. Taylor is busy much of the time ___________________________________________ 2. She is tired some of the time __________________________________________________ 3. Mr. Wilson is almost never tired ________________________________________________ 4. Mr. Miller is thirsty most of the time _____________________________________________ 5. He is hungry some of the time _________________________________________________ 6. John is hungry much of the time _______________________________________________ 7. He is almost never in the room ________________________________________________ 8. Mr. Taylor is at home some of the time __________________________________________ 9. He is almost never wrong _____________________________________________________ 10. They are almost never sad ___________________________________________________

PRESENT TENSE TO BE
Lets remember the present tense of to be = (am, is, are) Ex: Affirmative: I am a doctor. My brother is in the garage. They are my brothers. We are good friends. Negative: She isnt a nurse. My parents are sick. Im not student. We arent brothers. Question: Are you in this school? Is the baby in the living room? Am I a teacher?

SHORT ANSWER Are you classmates? R= No, we arent. Yes, we are. Is Mrs. Wilson your mom? No, she isnt. Yes, she is. Are you a good student? No, I am not. Yes, I am. We Are You They Is He She It Am I

3. PAST TENSE TO BE
Now the past tense of to be is going to have only two ways in its structure. Was to singular and were to plural forms. I Was He She It Affirmative Lets see: Mr. Anderson was my boss last year. My classmates were a little nervous in their test. The kids were the first in the race. I was with my cousins in the park by the morning.
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You Were We They

Negative
They werent in the party last Sunday. Mr. Wilson wasnt my teacher last semester. He wasnt in this group last semester.

Question
Were you in Ixtapa last vacation? Was Salvador Cabaas a good soccer player? Was she here a few minutes ago?

SHORT ANWERS
Yes, I was. No, I wasnt. Yes, he was. No, he wasnt. Yes, she was. No, she wasnt.

A MAKE AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES WITH PAST

TENSE OF BE

EXAMPLE: I WAS A LITTLE NERVOUS IN MY TEST

THEY WERE MY FRIENDS

1. The kids ________ all afternoon with us. 2. Frank ________ our classmate last semester. 3. Doctors __________ in a meeting five minutes ago. (Negative) 4. She _________ tired when the race finished. (Negative) 5. _______ you in the hospital? 6. _______ your dad a good student when he was in the school? B Use the words to write the past tense of Be

EXAMPLE: Yesterday I / be / tired during the day 1. You / be / sick last week 2. This morning John / be / nervous

Yesterday I was tired during the day

___________________________________ ___________________________________

3. Mr. Wilson / be / in the hospital in June__________________________________ 4. We / be / very healthy ___________________________________

5. Be / the children / very / in the party / happy _______________________________

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4. COULD
This word can be a verb and auxiliary too. If this word is a verb, it would be the past tense of Can. But if this word is auxiliary, it has a different meaning. I couldnt go at school last Monday because I didnt feel very well. I had a headache. N.B. You cant say I did could The correct form is I couldnt COULD = Auxiliary We could help you with your homework; however, we are too busy. If you bring the painting today I could begin to paint the kitchen this morning. We could give you a candy if you finish your homework on time. Could is very common used at the beginning of a question for requests.

Look at examples: A: Could you tell me the time? B: Yes, of course. Its two oclock. A: Could I have some cookies? B: Yes, here you are. A: Could you help me with my report? B: Im sorry. I have to leave right now. A: Could you show me a suit? B: Sure. How about this? A: Could I have a bag of chips? B: Sure, no problem. A: Could you lend some money? B: Oh, sorry. Thats all I have.

ORAL PRACTICE: Use Could What could you do when you were a child that you cant do now? What did you want to do yesterday or last week but you couldnt do it? Why couldnt do it?

A Make the following request using the words given.

A) Soda / traer B) Cookies / tomar C) Dinero / prestar D) Tarea / ayudar

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UNIT TWO
1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Present tense Past tense Future Tense

EXPRESSING PAST TIME:

The simple past

E.g. Mary walked downtown yesterday I slept for eight hours last night Bob stayed home yesterday morning Our plane arrived on time I ate breakfast this morning

PRESENT TENSE Work Dance Play Study Stop Begin Cut Eat

PAST TENSE worked danced played studied stopped began cut ate

PAST PARTICIPLE Worked Danced played studied Stopped Begun Cut eaten

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SIMPLE PAST TENSE (REGULAR VERBS) The past tense form of regular verbs is the same for all persons For most verbs ending in a consonant, add ed: worked If the base ends in a vowel, add d: lived If the base ends in a vowel + y, do not change the y: sta yed For a one-syllable verb ending in consonant + vowel + consonant, double the final consonant and add ed: stop = stopped HOW TO USE YOUR DICCTIONARY N.B. How do you know if a verb in my class is regular or irregular verb? There are three forms (affirmative, negative and question statements)

AFFIRMATIVE
My brothers knew my new friends. We painted our classroom last week. George gave me this watch.

SUBJ. + VERB IN PAST TENSE + COMPLEMENT (Noun/pron) (Regular or irregular verbs)

PRACTICE: SS will check your list of the verbs and make different kind of sentences using them. For example: Yesterday I watched a war movie. What about you? Then each S says some sentences in past tense and when he/she finishes, ask to another classmate the same question What about you?

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NEGATIVE FORM
We use did to make negative sentences. This word is called auxiliary; however, it sometimes is a verb. SUBJ + AUX. + NOT + VERB IN PRESENT + COMPLEMENT Did not = didnt E.g. I did my homework with my friend John. They didnt bring their homework. She didnt finish to study the chapter one. Mr. Wilson didnt buy notebooks, he bought some pencils. Our classmates didnt come at school last Friday. Ask the student make different negative sentences using their list of the verbs. (Oral practice)

QUESTION
Did you live in Queretaro city last year? Did Peter bring the homework? Question words E.G Where did you put the keys? When did the letters arrive? Why did he break the window? What did Mary do yesterday by the afternoon? AUX + SUBJ + VERB IN PRESENT + COMPLEMENT?

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ORAL PRACTICE Teacher asks some questions so they have to answer them using the past tense or can make a question, too.

A COMPLETE EACH SENTENCES WITH THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF THE VERB IN
PARENTHESES EXAMPLE: Last week, Alex exercised every day. (exercised)

1. (Jugar) He also _________________ tennis on Saturday. 2. (cocinar) My mom _________________ all week. 3. (necesitar) We __________________ to get the homework yesterday. 4. (solicitor, pedir) The children ________________ to go to the cinema with their friends. 5. (permanecer) They _______________ here until 5:00. 6. (visitar) I __________________ many interesting places last year

Simple past tense of irregular verbs An irregular verb can change in all its forms, in one alone or in no one.

PRESENT TENSE SIT BREAK DRINK HURT PUT SAT

PAST TENSE

PAST PARTICIPLE SAT BROKEN DRUNK HURT PUT

MEANING

BROKE DRANK HURT PUT

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B COMPLETE EACH SENTENCES WITH THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF THE VERB IN PARENTHESES

EXAMPLE: (break) I broke my arm last Saturday.

1. (Traer) My parents ________________ us many gifts. 2. (Construir) They _________________ these houses. 3. (Barrer) My sister _______________ the kitchen five minutes ago. 4. (Enviar) Mss Wilson _________________ the invitations two days ago. 5. (Costar) The TV _________________ 400 dollars. 6. (Comer) The children ______________ pizza. 7. (Olvidar) We _________________ the keys. 8. (Dibujar) I ________________ a horse. 9. (Venir) Mr and Mrs Garcia _______________ a trip to Hawaii. 10. (Perder) She _______________ her cell phone yesterday. 11. (Volar) The doves ______________ toward north. 12. (Hacer) I ____________ the homework last night. 13. (Leer) My dad ______________ the report.

2. COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS A) COUNT NOUNS: are nouns that can be counted. They have a singular and plural form. A restaurant, two restaurants; one orange, six oranges, one pancake, three pancakes. B) NON-COUNTS NOUNS: cannot be counted. They only have a singular form. They are nouns from one of the following groups.
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Nouns with no individual/single parts: milk, soup, meat, butter, jelly, etc.. Nouns with parts that are too small to count: rice, sugar, corn, flour, etc Nouns that mean a group of things: food, money, clothing, etc Nouns that are ideas: nutrition, health, time, work, education, etc
They have a plural form: s or es

COUNT NOUN

Chairs Two chairs Three chairs Some chairs Several chairs A lot of chairs Many chairs A few chairs

NONCOUNT

Fruit Milk

They dont have a plural form

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SOME COMMON NONCOUNT NOUNS WHOLE GROUPS MADE UP OF INDIVIDUAL PARTS A. Clothing Equipment Food Fruit Furniture Garbage Hardware Jewelry Machinery Mail Money Cash Change Postage Scenery Stuff Traffic E. English, Arabic, Chinese etc (names of languages) D. History Literature Music Poetry C. Advice Information G. Corn, Pepper Sand, Rice Dirty Sugar Dust Water Flour Grass Hair Salt B. Homework Housework Work F. Grammar Slang Vocabulary

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EXERCISE A. Label each word as count or noun count Example: Water: non-count 1. Vegetable:_____________________ 2. Spaghetti: _____________________ 3. Onion: ________________________ 4. Jars: _________________________ 5. Beef: _________________________ 6. Donut: ________________________ 7. Sugar: _______________________ 8. Cookies: ______________________ 9. Water: ________________________ 10. Apple: ________________________ 11. Potatoes: _____________________ 12. Drinks: _______________________

B. Circle the correct form of the underline word.

EXAMPLE: Bread is made from flour / flours.

1. I need to buy three pizza / pizzas. 2. Do you want water / waters with your meal? 3. Paty is making soup / soups. 4. You are making sandwich / sandwinches for 20 people. 5. Silvia always eats tomato / tomatoes with her dinner. 6. Ill have two baked potato / potatoes, please

COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS WITH UNITS OF MEASURE

Container

Measurement

unit

Carton(s) of ice cream Quarts(s)of orange juice Loaf (loaves) of bread Bottle(s) of oil Jar(s) of pickles Box(es) of ceral Bag(s) of flour Can(s) of soup Gallon(s) of milk Pound(s) of ham Piece(s) of cake

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A. Circle the letter of the most appropriate container, measurement, or unit.

Example: Rosa is buying a ____ of rice.

a. gallon

b. pound

1. I need two ____ of bread. 2. They have many ____ of cereal in this aisle. 3. Shes buying four _____ of soup. a. bottles 4. Mary needs a ____ of ground beef. 5. Mario is buying a _____ vanilla ice cream. 6. We are buying one ____ of flour.

a. loaves a. bottles b. cans a. pound a. loaf a. bag

b quarts b cans b bottles b box b carton b cans

B Complete the shopping list with an appropriate container, measurement, or unit.

Shopping List Five pounds of potatoes. One ___________________ of jelly. Two ___________________ of bread One ___________________ of orange juice A _____________________ of vanilla ice cream Three __________________ of ground beef Two ___________________ of sugar

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3. HOW MUCH HOW MANY

How much and How Many are used for questions referring to quantities. How Much is used before uncount nouns; How many is used before count nouns. When we ask for prices, we use How Much with the verb Be. EXERCISE

1. How much milk is there? A) Milk E) Rice

B) Money

F) Beer

C) Cake

G) Juice

D) Fruit

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2. Look at the pictures and answer the questions

a. How much milk is there in the carton? __________________________________ b. How much money is there in the wallet? ________________________________ c. How much cake is there? ____________________________________________ d. How much fruit is there in the bowl? ____________________________________ e. How much rice is there in the sack? __________________________________ f. How much beer is there in the bottle? __________________________________ g. How much orange juice is there in the glass? ____________________________

3. How many oranges do you want?

Sara is at the grocery store. Shes buying some things for a picnic. Read and practice the dialogue

Sara: Excuse me Clerk: Yes, may I help you? Sara: Yes, I want a quarter of orange juice, please. Clerk: Here you are. Anything else? Sara: Yes, give me some cheese, please. Clerk: How much do you need? Sara: Half a pound. And can I have some oranges, please? Clerk: How many do you want? Sara: A dozen please.

Read each question using: how much or how many

1. 2.

______________________ meals do you have every day? I have three meals. ______________________ milk do you drink every day? I drink two glasses.
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3. 4.

______________________ coffee do Americans drink? They drink a lot of coffee. ______________________ hours does he work every day? He works 8 hours every day.

5. 6. 7. 8.

_____________________ paper is there on the teachers desk? There is a little paper. _____________________ cars do the Tailors have? They have two cars. _____________________ hamburgers can you eat? I can eat four. _____________________ flour do you need to make a cake? I need one pound.

4.

SOME / ANY

Some / any
COUNT (PLURAL) NON- COUNT

Affirmative Negative Question

I eat some vegetables every day. I dont eat any cookies. Do you have any cookies? Dou you want some cookies?

I often eat some rice for dinner I dont eat any rice. Do you have any rice? Do you want some rice?

N.B. In questions that are offers, use some

EXERCISE A. Complete the sentences with some or any EXAMPLE: I want some soup for dinner. 1. My sister wants _____________ potatoes. 2. He doesnt have _____________ beef today 3. Does she eat _____________ sweets? 4. Do you want ____________ coffee?
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5. We need _______________ apples. 6. We dont eat ______________ pizza.

B. Circle the correct sentences.

EXAMPLE: Silvia needs any bread from the supermarket. Silvia needs some bred from the supermarket.

1. She needs some green beans, too. / She needs any green beans, too. 2. She doesnt need some carrots. / She doesnt need any carrots. 3. Mario wants any rice. / Mario wants some rice. 4. He didnt buy any onions. / He didnt buy some onions. 5. They need some fish for the restaurant. / They need any fish for the restaurant. 6. Do you wish some ice cream now? / Do you wish any ice cream now?

READ AND PRACTICE

John: Excuse me, Miss. I`m your new neighbor I just moved in. My name is Peter. Woman: Oh yes. John: Say, are there any grocery stores around here? Woman: Yes, there are some on the next block. John: Ok. And is there a bank near here? Woman: Well, I think there is one across from the shopping center. John: Thanks. Lady

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4. A LOT OF

A lot of is used with plural count nouns and non-counts nouns, especially in affirmative statements A Answer the following questions using a lot of

Does she buy much meat? Yes, she buys a lot of meat. Do you eat many vegetables? _______________________________ Do you drink much coffee? _________________________________ Does your dad have much money? ____________________________ Does Frank read many books? _______________________________ Do they eat many hamburgers? ______________________________

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UNIT III
1. Object pronouns 2. Irregular nouns 3. Used to

OBJECT PRONOUNS
SUBJECT
PRONOUNS

MEANING

OBJECT PRONOUNS

MEANING

Yo

Me

Mi, me. migo

You

You

T, ti, te, -tigo

He

Him

A l, le, lo, la

He

Ella

Her

A ella, le, la

It

Eso, esto

It

Le, lo, la, esto, eso

They

Ellos (as)

Them

Ellos (as), los, las

We

Nosotros (as)

Us

A nosotros (as), nos

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 Subject pronouns can be used when they substitute a noun, a thing or a person. Ex. Luis is in the room = He is in the room The house is big = It is big Lupita is very intelligent = She is very intelligent The boys are playing = Theyre playing

Object pronouns can be used when they are direct object or indirect object. Ex: They gave flowers to her = Ellos le regalaron flores a ella. D. O. Ellos le regalaron flores = They gave her flowers D.O. I.O. I. O.

A direct object is a person or thing who receives the action of a verb directly. An indirect object is a person or thing who receives the action of a verb indirectly Usually when some word is a direct object, you hav e to write it immediately after main verb, isnt necessary the preposition; however, if it is indirect object it is at the end followed often by the proposition to or for Ex: Im giving these flowers to my sister = Im giving them to her. Im sending this boy to her mother = Im sending him to her. Im buying a present for my brother = Im buying it for him.

EXAMPLES John explained the question. = John explained it They asked Mary. = They asked her. The boys help the girls. = The boys helped them. Who read the book? We read it.
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A CONVERSATION:

Paul: Do you like Jazz, Carlos? Carlos: No, I dont like it very much. Do you? Paul: Its ok. What kind of music do you like? Carlos: Well, I like rock. Paul: Whats your favorite group? Carlos: Foreigner. How about you? Do you like them? Paul: No, I dont.

When you use phrasal verbs you have much be careful, sometimes you can write it immediately after the main verb; however, it can be wrote at the end of the sentences.

Ex: Take off your shoes = Take them off Quitate tus zapatos. = Quittelos He closed down his shop = He closed it down. l clausur su tienda = El la clausur.

EXERCISE I 1. Im showing ____. = Yo te enseo la casa. 2. She has brought ________. = Ella me ha trado regalos. 3. We are lending ______our car. = Nosotros te prestamos nuestro carro. 4. She has bought ____________ . = Ella lo ha comprado. (el anillo) 5. Take _____ off. = Quittelos. (los zapatos) 6. You have sold ______ this picture. = T me has vendido este cuadro. 7. He has given ______ this book. = El nos ha regalado este libro. 8. We have brought it to ___________ . = Nosotros te lo hemos trado. 9. You didnt say ___________ . T no me lo dijiste. 10. Buy _______ the newspaper. = Cmprame el peridico.

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EXERCISE II

A: Do you like disco music? B: Yes, I like _____ very much. A: Whats your favorite singer? B: Bill Joel! I really like _____. B: Bill Joel! I really dont like _______. A: Do you like Madona? B: No, I dont like _____ very much. But I like Whitney Ho uston. Do you? A: Yes I like _____ very much. B: What do you think of the Beatles? A: Well, I like ________ very much. B: Really? I like _________ a lot, too. EXERCISE III

1. I study my lesson every day. = 2. Mary knows John very well. = 3. I study with my friends. = 4. Answer the telephone, please. = 5. Frank washes the car on Sundays. = 6. Laura helps her mother every day. =
7. Benjamin does his homework by the afternoon. =

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2. IRREGULAR NOUNS
Lets remember that if you want to make the plural form of a noun you needed to add an s or es. EXAMPLE: JOHN BOUGHT SOME DISHES I CLEANED FIVE WINDOW S There are some irregular nouns you will have to lean them of memory

SINGULAR Child Woman Man Foot Tooth Deer Mouse Sock Goose Dozen

PLURAL Children Women Men Feet Teeth Deer Mice Sox Geese Dozen

MEANING (BOTH)

EXERCISE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. We need five ___________________ of sugar. Sacos I saw ten ___________________. Nios She washed a lot of _________________ today. Platos There are three _________________ in the room. Ratones There are 12 ______________ and 7 _________________ in the office. Hombres 6 7 I have two _____________ .Pies He give me two _______________ . Duraznos
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mujeres

3 USED TO

Used to + base form vs. be used to + gerund

EXAMPLES I used to work for Sony Company We used to visit our cousins each vacation My dad used to sleep after the dinner He used to study by the afternoons I am used to working with computers My friends is used to playing soccer each Sunday Were used to eating in this restaurant

EXPLANATION Used to + base form describes a repeated action in the past tense or situation that existed in the past.

Be used to + gerund describes an action or a situation that has become Continuous

A Circle past if the sentences talks about a situation in the past, and Continuous if It talks about a situation that has become Continuous.

EXAMPLE: I am used to taking the bus to work. 1. My mother used to be a nurse. 2. She is used to taking care of people. 3. She used to work in a large hospital. 4. My father used to work as a security guard. 5. He used to work the night shift.

Past Past Past Past Past Past

Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous

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B Complete each sentences using either the base or the gerund form of the Verb in parentheses.
1. (Trabajar) I used to ________________ lunch with my classmates. 2. (Despertar) We used to ______________ at 7:00. Now I work at home 3. (Despertar) I am used to _______________ at 7:00 that I cant sleep later. 4. (Tomar) She used to __________ the subway every morning. Now I never take the subway 5. (Oir) They used to _______________ sing the birds by the mornings.

Principal Parts of common Irregular verbs

Present
Arise Awake Be(am,are,is) Bear Beat Become Begin Bet Bite Blow Bring Build Buy Catch

Past
Arose Awoke Was-were Bore Beat Became Began Bet Bit Blew Brought Built Bought Caught

Past Part.
Arisen Awoken Been Born Beaten Become Begun Bet Bitten Blown Brought Built Bought Caught

Spanish

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Choose Come Cost Cut Deal Dig Do Draw

Chose Came Cost Cut Deaalt Dug Did Drew

Chosen Come Cost Cut Dealt Dug Done Drawn

Drink Drive Eat Fall Feel Fight Find Fly Forget Forgive Freeze Get Give Go Grow Hang Have Hear

Drank Drove Ate Fell Felt Fought Found Flew Forgot Forgave Froze Got Gave Went Grew Hung Had Heard

Drunk Driven Eaten Fallen Felt Fought Found Flown Forgotten Forgiven Frozen Gotten Given Gone Grown Hung Had Heard 32

Hide Hit Hold Hurt Keep Know Lead Leave Lend

Hid Hit Held Hurt Kept Knew Led Left Lent

Hidden Hit Held Hurt Kept Known Led Left Lent

Let Light Lose Make Mean Meet Pay Put Put on Quit Read Ride Ring Run Say See Seek

Let Lit Lost Made Meant Met Paid Put Put on Quit Read Rode Rang Ran Said Saw Sought

Let Lit Lost Made Meant Met Paid Put Put on Quit Read Ridden Rung Run Said Seen Sought 33

Sell Send Set Shake Shine Shoot Shut Sing Sit

Sold Sent Set Shook Shone Shot Shut Sang Sat

Sold Sent Set Shaken Shone Shot Shut Sung Sat

Sleep Speak Spend Spread Stand Steal Strike Swear Sweep Swim Take Teach Tell Think Throw Understand Wake

Slept Spoke Spent Spread Stood Stolen Struck/Striken Sworn Swept Swum Taken Taught Told Thought Thrown Understood Woken 34

Wear Weep Win Write

Worn Wept Won Written

PAST TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS

Present
Accept Address Admire Admit Adore Advise Answer Apply Appreciate Arrive Ask Bake Believe Belong Borrow Brush Call Carry Change Accepted Addressed Admired Admitted Adored Advise Answered Applied Appreciate Arrived Asked Baked Believed Belonged Borrowed Brushed Called Carried Changed 35

Past

Spanish

Clean Close Cook

Cleaned Closed Cooked

Count Cover Cross Dance Decide Deliver Discover Dress Empty Enjoy Erase Examine Expect Explain File Fill Finish Fix Follow Force Form Fly Gather

Counted Covered Crossed Danced Decided Delivered Discovered Dressed Emptied Enjoyed Erased Examined Expected Explained Filed Filled Finished Fixed Followed Forced Formed Fried Gathered 36

Guide Hand in Hand out Hate

Guided Handed out Handed out Hated

Help Honor Hope Hurry Increase Intend Invent Invite Iron Jump Land Laugh Learn Like Listen Live Look Look for Love Mail Miss Move

Helped Honored Hoped Hurried Increased Intended Invented Invited Ironed Jumped Landed Laughed Learned Liked Listened Lived Looked Looked for Loved Mailed Missed Moved 37

Need Obtain Open Order Park

Needed Obtained Opened Ordered Parked

Place Plan Play Practice Prefer Prepare Produce Pull Push Rain Receive Remember Rent Repair Repeat Rest Return Review Serve Shave Smell

Placed Planned Played Practiced Preferred Prepared Produced Pulled Pushed Raided Received Remembered Rented Repaired Rested Rested Returned Reviewed Served Shaved Smelled 38

Smile Smoke Snow Start Stay Stop Study Talk Thank Touch Travel Try Turn Turn of Type Use Visit Vote Wait Wait on Walk Want Wash Watch Wish Word

Smiled Smoked Snowed Started Stayed Stopped Studied Talked Thanked Touched Traveled Tried Turned Turned of Typed Used Visited Voted Waited Waited on Walked Wanted Washed Watched Wished Worked

NOTE: The PAST PARTICIPLE form is the same as the PAST TENSE form. 39