LAB 5: Load Test on DC Shunt Motor

Contents
Aim:............................................................................................................................................ 2 Objectives: ................................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction: ............................................................................................................................. 2 Apparatus: ................................................................................................................................. 3 Name plate details: ................................................................................................................... 3 Circuit diagram: ....................................................................................................................... 4 Procedure: ................................................................................................................................. 4 Tabular column: ....................................................................................................................... 5 Exercises .................................................................................................................................... 6

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10. Conclusion: .............................................................................................................................. 15

EE3010 [Lab 5] 1. Aim:

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The aim of this experiment is to conduct the load test on DC shunt motor

2. Objectives: The objectives of this lab are:

To investigate the performance characteristics of dc shunt motor by applying eddy

current load To determine the efficiency of DC shunt motor

3. Introduction: The shunt motor is different from the series motor in that the field winding is connected in parallel with the armature instead of in series. The shunt winding is made of small-gauge wire with many turns on the coil. Since the wire is so small, the coil can have thousands of turns and still fit in the slots. The small-gauge wire cannot handle as much current as the heavy-gauge wire in the series field, but since this coil has many more turns of wire, it can still produce a very strong magnetic field (Thomas E. Kissell, 2006). Thomas further explained that a shunt motor has slightly different operating characteristics than a series motor. Since the shunt field coil is made of fine wire, it cannot produce the large current for starting like the series field. This means that the shunt motor has very low starting torque, which requires that the shaft load be rather small. In this experiment, a load test on DC shunt motor will be conducted. An eddy current load will be used as the load and the performance of the motor before and after load will be analyzed and studied.

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EE3010 [Lab 5] 4. Apparatus: The apparatus needed for this lab are: Variable voltage DC supply DC compound motor Eddy current load Voltmeter (measuring voltage) Clamp meter (measuring current) Wires Tachometer (measuring speed) Torque meter

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5. Name plate details: Name plate details for generator: 0 - 250 V (DC)

Name plate for DC shunt motor: 24 V (DC) 50 Watts Part number : 1 BEPDC1/01

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EE3010 [Lab 5] 6. Circuit diagram:

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Figure 1: Circuit diagram for load test on DC shunt motor

7. Procedure: The procedures for this experiment are as follows: First of all, the connection of the circuit was made as according to the figure above. After the connections have been checked by the supervisor, the voltage level on the power supply and the load were kept at its minimum positions. Then, the power supply was turned on and the rated voltage which is 24 V was applied. The readings of the voltmeter and ammeter were taken and recorded. The speed of the motor was recorded using tachometer and the torque reading was taken and recorded as well. Then, the load was increased and the readings of the parameter above were taken and recorded. These steps were repeated until seven sets of reading were achieved. These reading were recorded in a table as shown in result part.
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EE3010 [Lab 5] 8. Tabular column:

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Table 1: Readings of the load test on DC shunt motor

Supply current (A) 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.6

Supply voltage (V) 24.27 24.13 23.85 23.83 23.54 23.38 23.31

Speed (Rpm) 1703.9 1644.7 1595.9 1552.8 1436.9 1385.7 1266.7

Torque (Nm-1) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Efficiency (%) 0 26.44 51.91 68.23 77.48 91.27 94.84

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EE3010 [Lab 5] 9. Exercises 9.1. Plot all the performance characteristics curve of a DC shunt motor

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From the tabulated results, there are three possible performance characteristics that can be plotted which are current versus speed, current versus torque, and current versus efficiency. There are as shown below.

Current (A)
3.7

Current VS Speed
3.6

3.5 3.4 3.3 3.1 3 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.5 1000 2.7 2.6 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 3.3

Speed (rpm)
1800

Figure 2: Current VS Speed

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EE3010 [Lab 5]

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Current (A)
3.7

Current VS Torque
3.6

3.5 3.4 3.3 3.1 3 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 2.7 3.3

Efficiency (%)

Figure 3: Current VS Torque

Current (A)
3.7

Current VS Efficiency
3.6

3.5 3.4 3.3 3.1 3 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2.7 3.3

Efficiency (%)

Figure 4: Current VS Efficiency

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EE3010 [Lab 5]

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Torque
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1200 0.6

Torque VS Speed

0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2

Speed
0.1 0 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

(rpm)

Figure 5: Torque VS Speed

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EE3010 [Lab 5] 9.2. Determine the efficiency of the DC shunt motor During the no load condition, the first reading is as follows: Output power = = =0 Watts Input power

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= VI = (24.27) (2.6) = 63.102 Watts

Efficiency1, 1 = = =0%

Then, when the eddy current load was applied, the second reading is as follows: Output power = = = 17.22 Watts Input power = VI = (24.13) (2.7) = 65.151 Watts

Efficiency2, 2 = = = 26.44 %

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EE3010 [Lab 5]

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Then, when the eddy current load was increased, the third reading is as follows: Output power = = = 33.42 Watts Input power = VI = (23.85) (2.8) = 66.78 Watts

Efficiency3, 3 = = = 51.91 %

Then, when the eddy current load was increased, the fourth reading is as follows: Output power = = = 48.78 Watts Input power = VI = (23.83) (3.0) = 71.49 Watts

Efficiency4, 4 = = = 68.23 %

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EE3010 [Lab 5]

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Then, when the eddy current load was increased, the fifth reading is as follows: Output power = = = 60.19 Watts Input power = VI = (23.54) (3.3) = 77.68 Watts

Efficiency5, 5 = = = 77.48 %

Then, when the eddy current load was increased, the sixth reading is as follows: Output power = = = 72.56 Watts Input power = VI = (23.38) (3.4) = 79.49 Watts

Efficiency6, 6 = = = 91.27 %

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EE3010 [Lab 5]

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Then, when the eddy current load was increased, the seventh reading is as follows: Output power = = = 79.59 Watts Input power = VI = (23.31) (3.6) = 83.92 Watts

Efficiency7, 7 = = = 94.84 %

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EE3010 [Lab 5]

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9.3. Plot the graph by taking efficiency in X - axis and output power in Y axis

Efficiency VS Output Power

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 26.44 51.91 68.23 77.48

Efficiency (%)
91.27

94.84

Output Power (W)

Figure 6: Efficiency VS Output Power

Graph above shows the efficiency versus output power for the load test on DC shunt motor experiment. As can be seen above, as the efficiency increase, the output power will also increase.

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EE3010 [Lab 5]

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9.4. Analyze the performance of the DC shunt motor from the graphs in part 9.1 above From the current versus speed graph, it can be seen that as the current increase, the speed will decrease. This is because as the current increase, the load also increases, hence the motor speed will decrease because it needs to carry the load that being added. It can be seen that the motor is running at its full speed when there is no load connected. As for the current versus torque graph, it can be seen that as the current increases, the torque will also increase. This is because current and torque is proportional with each other. When the motor is starting and speed is very low, the motor has very little torque. After the motor reaches full rpm, its torque is at its fullest potential. In fact, if the shunt field current is reduced slightly when the motor is at full rpm, the rpm will increase slightly and the motor's torque will also in-crease slightly. This type of automatic control makes the shunt motor a good choice for applications where constant speed is required, even though the torque will vary slightly due to changes in the load. As for the current versus efficiency graph, it can be seen that when there is no load connected, the efficiency of the motor is very low but as the load increases, the more efficient the motor become. At one point where the current is overloaded, the efficiency will be greater than 100% and this condition is not good to the motor. Finally for the torque versus speed graph, it can be seen that as the torque increase, the speed will decrease. This is because the torque is inversely proportional with the speed. As the torque increase, the current increases as well. This is why the speed is decreasing.

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EE3010 [Lab 5] 10. Conclusion:

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As for the conclusion, it can be seen that the main objectives of having this experiment were successfully achieved. The main objective which is to investigate the performance characteristics of DC shunt motor by applying eddy current load has been successfully achieved. The efficiency of the DC shunt motor when eddy current load was applied also has been analyzed and discussed. This shows that this experiment was conducted perfectly and the results are theoretically correct.

11. References:

HINDMARSH, I., 1995, Electrical Machines and their Applications, Butterworth Heinemann SEN, P. C., 1997, Principles of Electrical Machines and Power Electronics. John Wiley GRIFFITHS, D., 1995, Principles and problems of electrical machines. Prentice Hall HUGHES, A., 1993, Electric motor and drives. Newness

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