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Hughes
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Franci
Paolo Pagli
Giulo Barozzi
Bucknell
Greg Adams
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Serena Ferando
8 Franci
Christine Homes
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Walker
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Fibonacci
1,
1,
2 = 1 + 1,
3 = 2 + 1,
5 = 3 + 2,
...
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ArabicHindu numeral
2002
Liber quadratorum,
The Book of Squares , 1225
Laurence Sigler
1987
number
theory
Diophantos
Pierre Fermat
02006
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Keith Devlin
Leonardo of Pisa
Leonardo Pisano
Guillaume Libri
1838
filius Bonnaci
0
number word0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
numeralnumber
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IIIIIIIV
0
Gerbrt Pope Sylvester
II
23
1170
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1088
fondaco
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algebra
4 5
XV
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VII
28
7
VIII XI
IV XII
259
rhetorical algebra
elchataym XIII
Double False Position
al-khataayn
XIV
10
XV
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1284
43
1250
0 9
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1600
8
1202
1339
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10:
2003
2003 801
Rafaella Franci
Livero de labbecho
8910
c.107v
9
1228
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multiple
discoveries
6
MCCLXXVIII
1
7
5 5
7
V.S.
14
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12:
23
V.S.
V.S.
historical context
V.S.
6
7
8
social history of mathematics
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27
37
47
63
93
111
129
9
155
173
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20 popular culture
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13
21
34
55
89
144
233
377
1 + 2 = 3, 2 + 3 = 5, 3 + 5 = 8
Chandahshastra 450200
Pingala
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158:
stress
Virahanka
meter
Hemachandra 1150
1870
Edoard Lucas
Guillaume Libri
1838
3
columbine 5
8
cineraria 13 21
1321 34
55 89
21345589 144
345589144 233 8
13
phyllotaxis
p
q
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159
1/3
2/5
3/8
5/13
Golden
Ratio
3.14159 1.61803
350
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160:
9-1
optimized
structure
19
2/1 = 2; 3/2 = 1.5; 5/3 = 1.666; 8/5 = 1.6; 13/8 = 1.625; 21/13 =
1.615; 34/21 = 1.619; 55/34 = 1.618
1963
Fibonacci Association
Fibonacci Quarterly
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161
1241
1867 6 17
Palazzo ToscanelliLanfranchi
19
1865
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162:
1241
200 denari
blockhead
19
Giovanni Paganucci
Piazza dei
Miracoli
9-2
Barnabas Hughes
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1170
13
G. Paganucci
Firenze 1863
book form
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1859 9 23
1863
6
17
1926
Pisano
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1966
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1202 1228
1228
15
1 3 4 14
6 3
1 3
BNCF
13 14
Michael Scott
6
BNCF
Biblioteca Laurenziana Gadd Bibiloteca Riccardiana Biblioteca
Ambrosiana Bibiloteca Nationale Centrale
Bibilotheque Mazarine
Bibiotheque Nationale de France
Hughes 004
7
Conventi Sopresssi C.1.2616
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Baldassarre Boncompagni 19
10
13
Biblioteca Comunale
di Siena 13
1275
5
Piazza del Campo
8
reference markVatican Palatino #1343
9
L.IV.20
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20.5
30 5
LION. PISANI
DE ABACO
LIV.20
15 224 sheet
1 224
stylized
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20
30
4
213 426
15
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badly faded
paragraph
section
800
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A
Abacco, Piero dell (Piero della
Francesca)
n
abacus3, 12, 16, 21, 22, 33, 36,
37, 41, 65, 106, 108
bookkeeper type
Chinese vs. European vs.
n
Gerbert d'Aurillac abacus
resistance to replacement of
training in107
use of, before Hindu-Arabic system
abbacus, as term33
abbacus books. See libri dabbaco
55n
addition15, 20, 33, 36, 60, 61,
62, 103, 104, 119, 135
in Hindu-Arabic system
Leonardo on
in Roman numerals
Adelard of Bath23,
46
Aghostino, Domenico d
121
Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn ad-Daya (Ametus
ius Josephi)
algebra3, 4, 5, 8, 16, 20, 23,
24, 42, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53,
54, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65,
67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 76, 77, 78, 79,
80, 81, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 91, 93,
100, 102, 109, 113, 120, 122,
123, 130, 131, 141
as academic discipline, introduction
of
algebraic thinking, Leonardos
introduction of
nn
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early works on
etymology of term20
in Libro di minor guisa
modern, development of
as practical tool
rhetorical
as Leonardos method
apotomes, Leonardo on
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trade routes101
Archivio di Stato (State Archives) of
Pisa, tablet honoring Leonardo at
B
Babylonian number systems
banking106
etymology of term
modern system, development of
in 12th-century Pisa
Ban Ms,48, 56
Bar Hiyya, Abraham85
base 10, choice ofn
Benedetto of Florence (Benedetto da
Firenze)
Bhskara72
Biblioteca Comunale di Siena,
manuscript of Liber abbaci at
binomials, Leonardo on
Boncompagni, Baldassarre
143n
bookkeepers36, 37, 106
abacuses of
modern bookkeeping system,
development of
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importance of
training of
bookmaking, history of
Borghi, Piero
botteghe dabbaco. See schools of
arithmetic
Brahmagupta18
Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Brahmagupta)
as trade center
business3, 6, 9, 15, 26, 29, 33,
38, 39, 41, 51, 55, 62, 63, 72, 73,
81, 86, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102,
104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109,
110, 112, 115, 127, 130
education in
Leonardos training in
Byron, Lord138
C
Calandri, Filippo6
Cardano, Girolamo113
Chandahshastra (Pingala)
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Columbia algorism
119
commercial revolution,
m a t h e m a t i c s a n d
computers3, 5, 91
invention of
spread to general public
Cossali, Pietro112
Cristofano di Gherardo di Dino
103, 129
Leonardo on
in Roman numerals
Dixit algorizmi. See Algoritmi de
numero Indorum (al-Khwrizm)
D
De algorismo (John of Halifax)
sources forn
E
educational system, Italian
Elements (Euclid)
n
Epistola ad Magistrum Th eodorum
(Leonardo of Pisa)
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178 :
F
Fermat, Pierre de85
Fibonacci. See Leonardo of Pisa
Fibonacci Association
138
Fibonacci numbers 4,
134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142
history of
and Leonardos fame
in Liber abbaci
13, 91, 100, 106, 116, 122,
123, 127, 131, 134
in nature
Fibonacci Quarterly
138
figura mercantesco108
nance
meltdown of 2008, causes of2008
history of
mathematics schools in
Flos (Leonardo of Pisa)
fractions, Leonardo on
death of95
dedication of Liber quadratorum to
nger calculations
increasing complexity of business
and
instruction in6, 36, 40, 54,
56, 98, 99, 103, 139
Leonardo on
use of, before Hindu-Arabic system
love of learning
math exhibition sponsored by
n
political struggles of
traveling entourage of
Fisher, Irving4
Florence3, 6, 8, 26, 28, 30,
31, 32, 65, 76, 77, 95, 101, 102,
104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 116,
G
Galilei, Galileo4, 5, 96, 112,
146
Ganita Sara Sangraha (Mahavira)
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Gates, Bill5
Genoa, and Battle of Meloria
as Arab- speaker
in Bugia6, 13, 33, 39,
43, 54, 108
and education of Leonardo
36
Geography (Ptolemy)
Gerbert dAurillac
20, 21n
Germany, spread of Hindu-Arabic
system to
Gherado of Cremona
47
Gherardesca, Alessandro della
138
Gherardi, Paolo120
Goetzmann, William N.4
Golden Ratio ()136, 137,
138
Golden Rule (Rule of Th ree)
Grattan-Guinness, Ivor
121
Greek texts, translation from Arabic to
Latin
Guglielmo de Lunis
47
Guild of Money Changers (Arte del
Cambio)
H
Hassr, al-n
Hatto, bishop of Vich
Hemachandra135
Hindu- Arabic numerals
60, 106, 126
Eastern vs. Western form of
vs.
in Europe, before Leonardo of Pisa
remarkable features of
symbols for
choice of
intimate link to number itself
development of3, 4, 5, 8,
14, 16, 17, 18, 21, 24, 26, 27,
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incommensurable magnitudes
key concepts in
Leonardo of Pisas learning of
resistance to introduction of
Iohannes Hispalensis
54
Isidore of Seville
20
Italy3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 20, 22,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 38,
39, 42, 46, 47, 54, 55, 56, 62, 64,
81, 84, 86, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103,
104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109,
112, 113, 117, 118, 119, 120, 124,
127, 135, 137, 140, 141, 143, 146
monetary system 70,
101
in 12th century, as trade center
Hoyrup, Jens113
Hughes, Barnabas42, 84n
I
Ibn al-Munim43
Ibn al-Ysaminn
ibn Aqn n43
In artem analyticam isagoge (Vite)
J
Jobs, Steve5
Johannes de Sacrobosco (John of
Halifax)
Johannes of Palermo, and math
exhibition for Frederick II
K
Karaj, al-46n
Khandakhadyaka (Brahmagupta)
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Khayym, Omar56, 88
Khwrizm, Abu Abdallh Muhammad
ibn Ms al
22, 23, 24, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 64, 75, 77,
115, 118
on centrality of numbers in
mathematics
mathematical skill of
124, 128
name, confusion over correct form of
n
as source for Liber abbaci
L
Last Theorem of Fermat
85
leather industry, in 12th-century Pisa
12
Lebombo bone14
Lehrer, Tom16n
Leonardo da Vinci6, 103
Leonardo of Pisa (Fibonacci)
as Arabic speakern
Bigollo as nickname of
business training
childhood
and commercial revolution
110
as distinguished mathematician
n
education20, 36, 37, 42, 81,
99, 119, 141
fame9, 84, 86, 134
Fibonacci numbers and
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182 :
in modern Pisa
other mathematical works and
later life
lectures on mathematics
life in Pisa
limited information on
and math exhibition for Frederick II
n
name, versions of
contents, overview of
editions of4, 8, 13, 15, 19,
22, 23, 39, 40, 42, 43, 47, 48,
50, 53, 54, 81, 87, 124, 129,
143n
ending of65, 81, 110, 118
and fame of Leonardo
86
urry of texts inspired by
as forgotten text
importance of22, 24, 72,
81, 134
inuence of
and introduction of Hindu-Arabic
system
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feeling of holding
early authors on
missing linking text
113
contemporary mentions of
discovery of copy of
inferred existence of
other works identified as
originating in
terminology used in
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184 :
use in schools
libri di mercantia (tariffs)
contemporary mentions of
discovery of copy of
inferred existence of
as lost text
other works identified as originat
ing in
historians rediscovery of
discovery of copy of
inferred existence of
other works identified as
originating in
contents of
as copy of Leonardos Libro di
minor guisa
proliferation of26
M
Machiavelli, Niccol103
maestri dabbaco
Maghreb38, 43, 46, 47, 56
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mathematical school46,
56
inuence on Leonardo
Meloria, Battle of
Miura, Nobuo47
mixed numbers, Leonardo on
mathematical advances by
mathematicians in2, 3,
6, 7, 8, 16, 18, 22, 40, 41,
43, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54,
55, 56, 60, 63, 65, 67, 68,
70, 75, 77, 84, 88, 90, 93,
101, 112, 113, 114, 115,
121, 134, 135, 137, 140
as region
Mahavira68
mathematicians, and fame of
mathematical discovery
Medici family
Mediterranean Sea3, 13, 14,
20, 26, 27, 29, 30, 37, 38, 39, 81,
101, 109
pirates and privateers on
trade routes
travel on26, 32, 38
in Hindu-Arabic system
Leonardo on128
in Roman numerals
N
nature, Fibonacci numbers in
negative numbers
in Arab mathematics
introduction to Europe
number systems. See also Hindu-Arabic
system; Roman numerals
Babylonian
counting systems prior to
development of
importance in modern life
numerals, Hindu-Arabic
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remarkable features of
as universal language
O
Ohm, Martin137
On Divisions (Euclid)
in Roman numerals
Origine, transporto in Italia, primi
progressi in essa dell-algebra
(Cossali)
P
Pacioli, Luca
Paganucci, Giovanni
Palazzo Toscanelli
138
Physicus, Theodorus85, 86
Piazza dei Miracoli, Pisa
architecture
business and nance in
industry95
intellectual climate
intellectual legacy of
leaning tower of26, 139
Leonardos inuence in
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Roman numerals108
basic notation in
diffculty of calculating with
as trade center
Pisano, Bonanno
Pitagora aritmetice introductor
(Calandri)
place value, Leonardo on
operations in
resistance to replacement of
plants, divergence of
Plato of Tivoli55
Praticha darismetricha (anon.)
roots, Leonardo on
Q
Qurashi, al-
R
rabbit problem
Rhind Papyrus
Ricasoli, Bettino140, 141
Ridol, Cosimo140, 141
Robert of Chester
Roger (king of Sicily)
S
Salimbene, Fra95
schools of arithmetic (scuole dabbaco;
botteghe dabbaco; abbacus
schools)102
administration of4, 36, 62,
110
curriculum of36, 99, 103,
105, 121
in Italian educational system
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188 :
in Roman numerals
Summa de arithmetica, geometria,
proportioni et proportionalit
(Pacioli)
Swetz, Franz110n
Sylvester II (pope)
T
Tables of Pisa,22
tally marks14
tariffs (libri di mercantia)
thia nu rule
time, units of, Babylonian number
system and
Toomer, G. J.54
Tractato dellarismetica (anon.)
Tree Rule
Treviso Arithmetic (anon.)
n
Tunis, Italian trade with
U
Ugurgeri, Ugo129
Ulivi, Elisabetta124
unknown quantity (x), Leonardos use
ofx
Uqlidisi, Abul-Hasan Ahmad ibn
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Ibrahim al-71
V
Van Egmond, Warren98,
99, 112, 114, 117, 120
Venice6, 7, 8, 26, 27, 30, 38,
81, 96, 100, 104, 105, 106, 108,
109, 110
as center of new mathematics
mathematics schools in
as trade center95, 109
Vite, Francois63
Vigila (monk)20, 22
Villani, Giovanni104
Visconti, as surname
Vogel, Kurt119, 120
W
Wiles, Andrew85
William of Malmesbury
Y
Ying pu tsu method75
Yusof, Alibibn (king of Morocco and
Tlemcen)
Z
zero16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 62, 81,
127
development of concept
17
Leonardo on
Zervas, Diana Finiello102
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20135
250
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Keith Devlin.
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