Title: Unit 7: Waves, Sound, & Light

Name: _____________

Lesson 1: Waves
Objectives
Define the wavelength, amplitude, and frequency of a wave. Describe how energy can be transferred through a wave, and explain the relationship between the energy of a wave and its frequency. Explain that energy moves from one place to another through heat flow, waves, or moving objects. Describe a mechanical wave as a disturbance that travels through a medium.

KEY TERMS/QUESTIONS
Key Word: Wave

MAIN IDEAS & DEFINITIONS

DEFINITION: a _____________ that transports energy from one location to another location (mechanical waves require a ___________, while electromagnetic do NOT) The SOURCE of all waves is a ________________

Question: What is the source of a wave? (What starts it moving?)

Movement of Energy:

Question: How many ways does energy move?

Energy 1. 2. 3.

can move in these ways: ___________________ (Unit 4) ___________________ (Unit 6) ___________________ (Unit 7)

Question: What do all waves carry? Question: What are some examples of waves?

Answer: Answer:

Waves and Energy

Question: how is it possible that an object doesnt actually move with a water wave?
Key Word: Medium

Answer:

DEFINITION: a medium is the _____________that the _________ travels through. Answer: No. Only ______________________ wave require a __________. Waves that can travel without a medium (for example, through empty space) are called _________________________ waves. DEFINITION: Waves that require a ________________ through which to travel. Example of mechanical wave: ______________

Question: Do ALL waves require a medium in order to travel?

Key Word: Mechanical Waves

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Title: Unit 7: Waves, Sound, & Light

Mechanical Waves

Name: _____________

Question: How do mechanical waves transmit energy?

Answer: Recall that mechanical waves require a medium to travel through The energy in the wave causes the individual __________________ in the medium to vibrate As they vibrate, they bump into each other to transmit ________ The WAY in which they vibrate causes different _______of waves Answer: There are two types of mechanical waves DEFINITION: waves in which the movement of the particles in the medium is perpendicular, or at ______________ ______________ to the direction the wave is traveling Example of transverse wave: Hint to Remember: In the word transverse, trans means across. In transverse waves, the motion of the particles in the medium is across the direction of the wave at right angles so we say it is perpendicular How many other words can you think of with trans in them that mean across something?

Question: What are the different types of mechanical waves?

1. Key Word: Transverse Wave

Example of transverse wave

2. Key Word: Longitudinal Wave

DEFINITION: waves in which the movement of the particles in the medium is __________________ to the direction the wave is traveling Example of longitudinal wave: Hint to Remember: Motion of particles is along the direction of the longitudinal wave.

Example of longitudinal wave

Longitudinal and Transverse Waves

Q. Predict: If you squeeze a few coils of a spring together and then release them, what will happen? What direction would the coils move? Q. How does the motion of the transverse wave particles compare to the motion of the longitudinal wave particles?

Answer:

Answer: (In your own words, describe the difference.use complete sentences!)

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Title: Unit 7: Waves, Sound, & Light

Surface Waves in Water

Name: _____________

Q. What type of wave is a surface water wave?

Key Word: Surface (Water) Wave

DEFINITION: a wave that travels on the surface of the water in ___________ transverse and longitudinal motions. Water particles travel in ____________.

Properties of Waves Key Words: Parts of a Wave FILL IN -------------------- Rest Position Crest Trough Amplitude

DEFINITIONS: Rest Position: Where the ____________ lies when no wave is travelling through it Crest: the ________________ point of the wave Trough: the ____________________ point of the wave Amplitude: The distance between the ___________ and the ___________

Question: Which part of a wave tells us how much energy it carries?

Answer: Example from your own experience: DEFINITIONS: Wavelength: the distance from one _____________ to another.

Wavelength

Period

Period: the amount of _______________between one wave crest and the next as it passes a specific location. The __________________ of wavelengths that pass a specific ______________ per second. o Measured as cycles per second, or ________

Frequency

High and Low Frequency Waves

Question: What happens to wavelength when a waves frequency changes?

Answer: As frequency increases (waves per second), the wavelength _________ As frequency decreases, the wavelength ____________

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Title: Unit 7: Waves, Sound, & Light

Name: _____________

Lesson 2: Electromagnetic Waves

Objectives
Compare electromagnetic waves with mechanical waves. Recognize that the sun's radiation consists of a wide range of wavelengths, mainly visible light and infrared and ultraviolet radiation. Explain that human eyes respond to a narrow range of wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum (red through violet) called visible light.

KEY TERMS/QUESTIONS
Key Word: Electromagnetic Wave Mechanical & Electromagnetic Waves:

MAIN IDEAS & DEFINITIONS

DEFINITION: Energy from charged particles that travels like _________ at the speed of _________

Answer:

Similarities:

Q. How are they similar?

Mechanical

Electromagnetic
Amplitude Wavelength Frequency

Some properties shared:

Q. How are they different?

Speed of Light: c

Medium Required? Source of Vibration?

Yes Repeating Force (Push/Pull) causing disturbance in medium Amplitude (Bigger = More E) Example:_______ Sound is fast, but sometimes you can hear the delay Examples: 1. 2. Yes Yes

No Vibrating atoms throwing off charged particles (radiation) Frequency (Higher F = more E) Example:___________ Light (c in a vacuum) seems instantaneous Examples: 1. 2. Yes (slightly) No

Differences:
Speed

Energy determined by? Which is Fastest?

Question: How fast is light? Question: Can anything travel faster than light?

Speeds Affected by: Density? Elasticity? Answer:

Question: Can you slow light down? Question: Why do we see the lightning flash before we hear the thunder?

Answer:

of light Facts: 300,000 km/s (in a vacuum) Has its own symbol, c Can anything travel faster than light? Yes/No (Circle One) Can you slow light down? Yes/No (Circle One) Example:

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Title: Unit 7: Waves, Sound, & Light

The Electromagnetic Spectrum, or how Red Monkeys in Vegas Use Xray Guns R = radio M = microwave I = infrared V = visible light U = ultraviolet X = X-ray G = gamma

Name: _____________

The Electromagnetic (or EM) Spectrum

Lower
Key Word: Radiation Key Word: Electromagnetic Spectrum

Energy

Higher

DEFINITION: energy emitted from the vibration of __________ particles DEFINITION: the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, from the longest wavelengths to the shortest wavelengths

Key Word: Visible Light

DEFINITION: the small section of the electromagnetic spectrum that human eyes can detect Answer: 1. Gamma rays can __________ your bodys tissues, so no need for cutting with regular scalpels reduces risk of infection & healing time required. 2. Gamma rays are extremely ________ energy and _______ cancer cells. In high enough concentrations, they can easily _______ you. (This is the type of radiation we worry about during nuclear power plant disasters.think Fukushima, Japan, 2011 ) The sun radiates many wavelengths of light to us, but the three main categories are: 1. 2. 3.

Question: Doctors sometimes use gamma ray knives (focused beams of energy) to kill cancer cells. Why did they choose Gamma rays of all the rays in the spectrum?

Light from the Sun

Question: What kind of light comes from the sun?

Question: Looking at the EM Spectrum, which of these carries the most energy?
Visible Light

Answer:

Answer: Human eyes can only see the ___________ portion of the EM
spectrum. Visible light consists of seven ranges of __________, which our eyes perceive as ____________. Can you name the seven ranges/colors in the Visible Spectrum? Think ROY G BIV

Question: Which part of the spectrum can we humans see?

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Title: Unit 7: Waves, Sound, & Light

Name: _____________

Lesson 3: Light Waves

Objectives
Describe white light as a mixture of different wavelengths (colors). Explain why retinal cells and plant leaves react differently to various wavelengths. Explain that light travels in straight lines (when the medium is kept constant).

KEY TERMS/QUESTIONS
Light Waves and Matter Transmission

MAIN IDEAS & DEFINITIONS

Q. What happens when light waves contact matter? There are three possible results:

Answer: Depending on the substance, light will behave in three possible

ways (or even a combination of them, with different wavelengths behaving differently). Light waves can be: 1. 2. 3. DEFINITION: the passing of light __________ an object or ________ Example: DEFINITION: process whereby light ____________ _________ from an object at the same ________ and intensity that the object received it Example: DEFINITION: the ability of light waves to be taken into an object or medium, rather than transmitted (passed through) or reflected (bounced off). Example:

1. Key Term: Transmission

2. Key Term: Reflection

3. Key Term: Absorption

White Light Key Term: White Light How We See Colors

DEFINITION: contains all the colors of the visible spectrum

Q. Why does an apple appear red?

Answer: An apple looks red because the apple ___________ all the colors
of light, except for the color _______ which is reflected back to your eyes.

Q. What is color?

Answer: The color we see is determined by the _______________ of the

light reflected from an object.

How Eyes Detect Light

Q. How do our eyes process wavelengths to see color?

Key Term: Retina Key Term: Photoreceptors

Answer:
Our eyes have a special area for detecting light called the ________ DEFINITION: the layer of ______ at the back the eye where lightsensitive cells are found. DEFINITION: ________on the retina that detect different ______________of light and send these signals to the _________

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Title: Unit 7: Waves, Sound, & Light

Photoreceptors of the Retina TWO TYPES: 1. Key Term: Cones

Name: _____________

DEFINITION: special light-sensitive cells in the retina that allow us to see colors and fine details DEFINITION: cells in the retina that are sensitive to all light but do not distinguish color

2. Key Term: Rods

How Plant Cells Interact with Light

Q. Why are plant leaves (almost always) green?

Answer: Plants respond to light, too. They have a chemical called

chlorophyll, that absorbs mostly _________ and _________ wavelengths of light, but reflects the wavelength for the color ___________.

Lesson 4: LAB: Path of Light Lesson 5: (Optional: Just mark complete in the OLS) Lesson 6: Reflection and Refraction
Objectives
Interpret a diagram showing how the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence of a beam of light. Explain and give examples of how light can be reflected, refracted, transmitted, and absorbed by matter. Describe how refraction can separate white light.

KEY TERMS/QUESTIONS
1. Key term: reflection

MAIN IDEAS & DEFINITIONS

DEFINITION: process whereby light _____________________ from an object at the ____________angle and intensity that the object received it. DEFINITION: the change of _________________ of light when it goes from one medium to another medium.

2. Key term: refraction

3. Key term: medium

DEFINITION: a substance or material in which something ______________ or __________________.

Light Rays

Q. How does light travel through a uniform medium such as air?

4. Key Term: Transmission

Answer:

DEFINITION: when light ______________ through an object, such as a

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Title: Unit 7: Waves, Sound, & Light

window 5. Key Term: Absorption

Name: _____________

DEFINITION: when light strikes an object, such as a wall, and is not _________________________ or __________________________. Reflection, Transmission, and Absorption

Q. What are the basics of how light moves?

How Reflection Works Q. What is the law of reflection?

Answer: Typically, light is not solely reflected, or transmitted, or absorbed. Instead, it often does all three to varying degrees.

Answer: Angle of reflection = Angle of incidence

6. Key Term: Angle of Incidence

DEFINITION: the angle that a light ray makes with the line normal (or perpendicular) to the surface. DEFINITION: the angle the ray bouncing off the mirror makes with the same normal line.

7. Key Term: Angle of Reflection How Refraction Works

Q. Why does a straw in a glass of water look bent from some angles, even though its really straight?

Answer: Light has different ______________________ in different ______________________. When light moves from one transparent medium to another, it often changes speed. The change of speed causes the light to change direction, and this change of direction is called refraction.

Refraction: From Air to Water

Q. What happens to light when it travels from air to water?

Answer: When light enters water, it _________________________, causing the light ray to ____________________ . The refracted ray bends at an angle smaller than the angle of the ray entering the water (angle of incidence).

Refraction: From Water to Air

Q. What happens to light when it travels from water to air?

Answer: When light goes from the water to the air, it

__________________, so it bends in the ___________________direction, away from the normal line.

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Title: Unit 7: Waves, Sound, & Light

Name: _____________

Answer: Rainbows in the sky occur when sunlight refracts through droplets
How does a Rainbow Form?

Q. What happens to white light, such as sunlight, that causes it to form a rainbow?
Light is Everywhere!

of water. This is also how the glass prism separates light into the colors of a rainbow. White light, such as sunlight, is made up of all the visible colors. Each color has a different range of wavelengths and therefore bends by a slightly different amount.

Q. Look at the picture of the glass on the porch light: how much light is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the glass? Q. Look at the red bricks: how much light is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted?

Answer: Glass transmits ____________________, reflects some, and

absorbs very __________________.

Answer: A red brick _______________________ red light, absorbs other colors of light, and transmits almost__________________________.

Lesson 7: Lenses
Objectives
Describe the difference between convex and concave lenses and their different effects on images. Explain various uses of lenses (e.g., in the human eye, a magnifying glass, camera, telescope, and microscope).

KEY TERMS/QUESTIONS
1. Key Term: Retina

MAIN IDEAS & DEFINITIONS

DEFINITION: layer of ____________________ at the back of the eye where light sensitive cells are found.

How do we see?

Q. How do we see everyday objects around us?

Answer: ________________ is reflected of them and into your eye, and is detected by light sensitive cells in your _______________________. DEFINITION: a transparent object with at least one __________________surface. The greater the curve of the lens, the more the light will bend as it passes through it. DEFINITION: able to let light _______________ through.

2. Key term: lens

3. Key term: transparent

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Title: Unit 7: Waves, Sound, & Light

4. Key term: concave lens

Name: _____________

DEFINITION: these are thicker at the _________________________ than in the _____________________________. Concave lenses curve _________________________. You can remember the shape of this lens by associating the word concave with caved in. Concave lenses cause the light rays passing through them to ________________________________.

5. Key term: convex lens

DEFINITION: are thicker in the _______________________________ than at the _______________________________. Convex lenses curve __________________________________. They cause the light rays passing through them to ________________________________________.

Concave Lens

Q. How does looking through a concave lens change the shape of the object?
Convex Lens

Answer: looking at something through a concave lens makes it appear ______________________________ than it actually is.

Q. How does looking through a convex lens change the shape of the object?

Answer: looking at something through a convex lens makes it appear

______________________________ than it really is.

The Human Eye 6. Key Term: Cornea

DEFINITION: the transparent part of the eye that covers the _____________________ and the _____________________.

Q. How does the cornea and lens work together to help us see?

Answer: When light rays reflected off an object pass into the eye, the
___________________________ and then the lens ________________________ the light rays toward each other. The light rays come together and strike the light-sensitive cells in the retina at a single spot. These cells then send ___________________________ to the brain. The brain interprets these signals as an ___________________.

Lesson 8-10: Model Problems, Unit Review, OLS Assessment

complete in class, finish on your own, and mark complete in the OLS

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