&

()
2:
20
555
1
2.5) Rolle

1. Rolle .
2. f Rolle
[,] , , ,
:
x 0 (,) f (x 0 ) 0 .

f (x) 0 (,) .
f (,) .

[ Rolle]
f xx
A(x 0 , 0) x 0 (,) .

x 0 (,) f M(x 0 ,f(x 0 )) xx.

[ Rolle]

( f(x) c ) f (x 0 ) 0
x 0 (,) [ ].

3. , ,
t 1 t 2 , t 0
t 1 , t 2 ( ).
[ Rolle]
4. Rolle ! , f
,
Rolle [ ].
:

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2012-2013

5. f (x) 0 (,) . .
6. Rolle .
7. [,] , [,]
. Rolle f() f() .

[ ]
1. f , f .
2. f , f , f.
3. f , f f .
4. , f - ( , 1)

1 , f () ( ) .
5. f (x) 0 x , f .
6. f (x) 0 x , f .
7. 1-1
f (x) 0 .
8. f (x) 0 x , f 1-1 .

1. Rolle
: f(x) 0

(,)
(,)
(,)
(,)
(,)
(,)

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2012-2013

!
, Rolle f ,
() F, F : F(x) f(x) x A f .
2. .Rolle f , f . ,
f() 0 f() 0 , Rolle f f .

f

f (x)

f(x)

f(x) f (x)

1 2
f (x)
2

x+1
+1

f (x) f (x)

1 1
f (x)
+1

1
x

f (x)

2 x

f(x)

2 f(x)

f(x) f (x)

f(x)

f(x) f (x)

f(x)

ex

ex

e f( x) f (x)

ef(x)

1
x

ln x

f (x)
f(x)

ln f(x)

x
ln

f( x) f (x)

f(x)
ln

f (x)g(x) f(x)g(x)

f(x)g(x)

f(x) x f (x)

x f(x)

f (x)g(x) f(x)g(x)
g 2 (x)

f(x)
g(x)

f(x) xf (x)
x2

f(x)
x

[f (x)]2 f(x) f (x)

f(x) f (x)

[f (x) f(x)g(x)]eg(x)

f(x)e g( x)

f (x) g(x)

f(x) g(x)

1
x2

f (x)
f 2 (x)

1
x

1
f(x)

1
2 x

f (x)
2 f(x)

f(x)

1
2 x

f (x)
2 f(x)

f(x)

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2012-2013

3. (,) . ,
x, , , . f Rolle.
I

1) f

. Rolle

f (x) 0 [f(x) x] 0

(x) f(x) x

f (x) f(x) 0 f (x)e -x f(x)e-x 0

2) f f

(x) f(x)e x

f (x)e -x f(x) e-x 0 f(x)e-x 0

f (x)( x) f(x) 0 f (x)( x) f(x)( x) 0

3) f ()( ) f()

f(x)( x) 0

(x) f(x)( x)

f (x)(x ) f(x) 0 f (x)(x ) f(x)(x ) 0

4) f ()( ) f()

f (x)(x ) f(x)(x )
f(x)

x 0
(x ) 2

5) f () 1

f (x) x 1 0 f (x) (x ) 0 [f(x) x ] 0

(x)

f(x)
x

(x) f(x) x

xf (x) f(x) 0 x -1 xf (x) x -1 f(x) 0

x f (x) (x )f(x) 0

6) f () f()

(x)

x f (x) (x )f(x)
f(x)

0 0

x2
x
f (x)f (x) 0 2 f (x)f (x) 0

f(x) 0

7) f ()f () 0

f(x)
x

(x) f (x)

f (x) f(x) 0 2f (x) f (x) 2f (x) f(x) 0

8)

f(x) f(x) 0 f (x) f(x) 0

f () f() 0

(x) f 2 (x) f (x)

f () (x) g(x)f ( 1) (x) 0

f () (x)e g(x) e g(x)g(x)f ( 1) (x) 0
)

9) f ( () g ()f

( 1)

()

f
f

( 1)

( 1)

( 1)

(x) e g(x) f (x) e g(x) 0

(x)e g(x)

(x) f (

1)

(x)e g(x)

, :
2

(x) f (x)e f(x)

10) f () f () 0
11) f ()

f()
0

(x) f(x)e ln x
3

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f(x)
x

2012-2013

4. [,] , . f() f() . ,

, x
. Rolle.
. Rolle (x)

f() f()

f(x)
.
x

5. , , f(x) 0 , :

Bolzano
( 0 f() )
( f(x) 0 x )
Rolle f ( f g , g(x) =
f (x))
6. f(x) 0 ,
Rolle.
7. f(x) 0 :

Rolle
8. f(x) 0 ,
Rolle .
9. f(x) 0 (,) ,
.
10. (,)

f() 0 f (3) () 0
Rolle .
11. Rolle F , Bolzano f , f
, f ( ).

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2012-2013


[ Rolle ]
1.

[1, 249]

x x ,x 0
f(x)
,, 3 ( )x , x 0
2

Rolle [ 1,1] . C f .
2.

f f (x) 0 , x .
f xx .

3.

f [,] ,

(,) f() f() 0 . :

) g(x)

f(x)
, c [,] x 0 (,) g(x 0 ) 0 .
xc

) x 0 (,) C f x 0 ,f(x 0 )
(c,0) .
4.

f [,] , (,) f(x) 0

x (,) . f() f() .

[ 1 ]

0 , x4 x2 0 5 3
(0,1) .

5.

,,

6.

f 0,
2

7.

[1,2,3, 249-250]

f 1 f(0) .
2

x 0 0, : f (x 0 ) x 0 .
2
f [,] , [,] .
, , z1 f 2 ()[f() 1] 2i z 2 f 2 () i .

Re(z1 z 2 ) f 3 () , f (x) 0 (,) .

8.

f [2, 2] f(1) 0

g(x) f(x)(x 2 4) , x 0 ( 2, 2) g(x 0 ) 0 .

9.

f : [,] (0, ) lnf() lnf() .

(,) , f () f() .

10. f : [,] , [,] (,)

f() f() c( ) . (,) ,
: f() c , c .
11. f : [,] , : f 2 () f 2 () 2 2 . (,) f() f () .
:

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2012-2013

12. f (0, )

f(e) f(1)

1
(1). x 0 (1, e)
e

x0 2 f (x0 ) 1 ln x0 0 (2).
13. f, g [,] f() f() 0 . (,) , f() f() g () .
14. f [1, e] f(1) 1 ,
f(2) 4 ln2, f(e) e 2 1 . (1,e) , f

1
2.
2

15. f [0,] f(x) 0 x [0,] . [0,]

f ()
0 .
f()

f 2012
16. f f(x) 0 x
e.
f 2011

f (x) f(x) (2011, 2012) .

17. f [,] (,) f() 0 . (,) f

18. f [1, e] ,
(1,e) f(e) f(1) 1 . x f (x) 1
(1,e) .
19. f : [,] , , ,
f() f() . , , :

c f f , c .
20. f : [,] , [,] (,)
f() f() 0 . (,) , : f () f() .
21. f : [,] , [,] (,)
f() f() 0 . (,) , : f () f() .
22. f : [,] , [,] (,)
f() f() . (,) ,
: f () f() .
23. f : [,] , [,] (,)
f() f() . (,) ,
: f () f() .

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2012-2013

24. f,g : [,] , [,]

)

(,) e h( f() e h()f() . (,) , : f () h () f() .

25. ) f .
f (x) 0 , f(x) 0
.
) f . f (x) 0 , f(x) 0 .

[ 1 ]
26. x 2 2x 2ln(x 1) 0 .

[]

27. f , C f : 2x y 1 0 x .
C f y 2x .

[ 1 ]
28. f : f (x) e x , x 0 f(x) 1, x [0,1] .
x
x0 (0,1) : f(x0 ) e 0 1 .

[ ]
1
.

[ ]
29. e x x 2 x .

[ ]

[7, 249]

30. xx x x 2 [ ,] .
31. x 4 x 3 5x 2 x 0 , R * 0
.

[ F F()=F() ( )]
32. f : [,] (0 ) f(x) 0
x [,] . f() f()

x 0 (,) f(x 0 ) ln f(x 0 ) x 0 f (x 0 ) .

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2012-2013

 &
()
2:
21
555
1
2.5) ( )

1. (...)
.
2. f ...
[,] , , , :

x 0 (,) f (x 0 )

f (x)

f() f()
.

f() f()
(,) .

[ ...]

( )f (x) [f() f()] 0 (,) .

x 0 (,) f M(x 0 ,f(x 0 )) ,

A(,f()) B(,f()) . [ ...]

3. [t 1 , t 2 ] t 0 (t 1 , t 2 )
.
[ ...]
4. ... !
5. ... .
6. f [,] , ...
f [,] f
.
7. f f() f() , Rolle.
[ Rolle ]
8. f f() f() , (,) f () 0 . f M(, f()) , xx .
:

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2012-2013

9. f f() f() , (,) f () 0 . f M(, f()) ,

xx .

1. ..., , :
f() f()
)
f() f() .

) f () .
) ,
.
) f (x1 ),f (x 2 ),...,f (x ) x 1 , x 2 ,..., x (,) .
) f (x1 ),f (x 2 ) x 1 , x 2 (,)
[,] . , , [,] [,] , [,] ,

.
2

) .
2. ... f -
) . , 7 x 6 x 9 x 8 x .
) , f() f()


[,] .
) ,

f() f()

f() f()
f ..

3. f (,) [,] x 0 (,) ..

[, x 0 ] [x 0 ,] .

4. [,] 1 , 2 , , 1f (1 ) 2 f ( 2 ) f ( )

f() f()

1f ( 1 ) 2 f ( 2 ) f ( ) f () .

f. [,] .
:

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2012-2013

) , , [,]
1 2

, , , , 1

1, 1 2 ..

1 2 ... 1 ,

) ... .

[ ]
1.

f [,] :

2.

f() f()
f ()

f [,] , f ()

f [,] , f ()

[ 3, 249]

f() f()
f ()

f [, ], (, )

+ f() f()
f (,) f

2
2
+ f()+f()
f (,) f
>
2
2
3.

f [,] .

f f
f
, , f 0 .

2
2

[ ... ]
1.

[2 .249]

2
, x 1
x +
f(x) 3
. ...
x -x+ , x 1
[ 1, 2] :

)
)

, .

,f() [ 1, 2]
: 2x y 3 0

2.

f [4,10] f(4) 6 f(10) 0 .

(4,10) , C f
A(,f()) 1350 xx.

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2012-2013

3.

f f 1-1,
C f
C f .

[ ...]
4.

7 x 6 x 9 x 8 x

[ ...]

[3, 4,5 .249-250]

5.

N : , .

6.

f [1, 5] f(1) 2 f (x) 2

x (1, 5) , : 10 f(5) 6 .

7.

f x 1 x f(1)=0, f x x 1 , x .

8.

f R R .

9.

f 2 f .

: f 2009 f 2012 f 2010 f 2011 .

f(2x 3) f(2x 7) f(2x 1) f(2x 5) x .

10. N : x 1 e x xe x 1 , x .
11. : e x x 1 , x .
12. : ln x x 1 , x (0, ) .

x 1
ln x x 1 , x 0, .
x
lnx
1.
) : lim
x 1 x 1
x
ln(x 1) x , x 1 x 0 .
14. ) N :
x1
ln(x 1)
ln(x 1)
1 ii) lim
0
) : i) lim
x
x 0
x
x3

e
15. : 2 ln .

e
13. ) N :

16. : x e x 1 1 (x 1)e x (1, 2) .

[ [, ] ...]
17. f [1,11] f(1),f(6),f(11)
,
(1,11) , f () 0 .
18. f :
f(2x) 2f(x), x .

f(2) f(0)
f(1) .
2
) (0, 2) , : f () 0 .
) :

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2012-2013

19. f [,] (,)

f() f() . x1 , x 2 (,)

f (x1 ) f (x 2 ) 2 .

20. f ... [0, 3] , 1 , 2 , 3 (0, 3) f ( 1 ) f ( 2 ) f ( 3 ) f(3) f(0) .

21. f f ln f ln .
ln ln ln , ,, 0

e 2 ,

1 , 2 f ( 1 ) f ( 2 ) 0 .

22. f , f( - 1) 1 , f(1) 1 .

) 1 1 2 1 f ( 1 ) f ( 2 ) 2 .
)

1 1 2 1

1
1

2.
f ( 1 ) f ( 2 )

23. f A(4,11) B(19, 5) .

1 , 2 , 2f 1 3f 2 2 .
24. f [,] (,) f(x) 0
x [,] . 1 , 2 , 0 (,)
f 1
f 1

f 2
f 2

f 0
f 0

25. f [,] C f , :
) C f .
) (,) f () 0 .
) ( x)

f(x)-f()
. Rolle
x-

[, ] .
) (, ) f ()=

f()-f()
.
-

26. f 2 [,] f() f() 0 . (,)

f() 0 , (,) f () 0 .
27. f 2 f (x) 0, x ,
C f .

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2012-2013

[ [, ] Bolzano]
... [,] , Bolzano

28. f [,] , (,) f() , f() , ,

:
) (,) f() .
) 1 , 2 (,) 1 2 f ( 1 )f ( 2 ) 1 .
29. f [,] , (,) , : f() f() . :
) x 0 , f x0
) 1 , 2 , , :

f f

, , .

, 1 2 .

f 1 f 2 f

[ ... Bolzano Rolle]

30. . f : [0, 2] . (0, 2) :

2f(0) 3f(2)
, f(0) f(2) .
5
. 1 , x1 , x 2 (0, 2) x1 x 2 2f (x1 ) 3f (x 2 ) .
f()

. f (0, 2) g(x) f(x) x 2 x

. Rolle [0,1] [1, 2] , , .
. f (0, 2) , p (0, 2)
5f (p) f(0) f(2) .

31. f [,] f() f() , f () 0

f () 0 . f (x) 0 (,) .

[... - F()=F()]
32. f [,] , (,) , f(x) 0 x (,) .

f()
(,) :
e
f()

( )f ()
f( )

[... ]
33. f(x) f (x) , x ,

0 , lim f(x) .
x

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2012-2013

 &
()
2:
22
555
1
2.6 ) ( )

1. .
2.

, Cf ,Cg
x ,
, yy,
c ,
c 0 c 0 .

22

y=g(x)+c

y=g(x)
x

3. To
.
: , , .

[ .252]

4. f (x) g (x), x 1 2 , :

f(x) g(x) c 1 , x 1

f(x) g(x) c 2 , x 2

5. f (x) 0 x A f ;
6.
c, , x,
, .

[ ]
1.

f f(x) f(x) , x , ,

c f(x) c e x , x .
= 1

[ 252]

f f( x ) f( x ) , x f(x) ce x , c .
2.

f (x) 0 , f , f .

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2012-2013


1.
f .

f f (x) 0
x .

f , f(x) c x .
c f.
2.

.
.
.

3.
f,f ,f x.
.

, , f(x) g(x)
x .
[: ,
]
, f(x) g(x) c , x .

g(x) c1 , x 1
1U 2 , , : f(x)
.
g(x) c 2 , x 2

c c1 , c 2
f.

4. f(x) 0 , ln(f(x)) .
5.
.
.

, ,
.

f .
f 0.
:

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2012-2013


[ ]
1.

[1, B1 .256-7]

f,g : f(x) g 2(x)

g(x) f 2 (x), x .
) h(x) f 3 (x) g 3 (x) .
) h, f(0) 1 g(0) 2 .
2.

f : f (x) 2f(x) , x f(0) 1

f(x) 0 , x . N :

) G(x) ln f(x) 2x .
) f(x) e 2x , x .
3.

f, f (x) 0 x (0,1) (1, 2)

[1, 2] , f [1, 2] .

f(x)
, x * .
x

4.

f : f (x) 2

5.

f x, y f(x) f(y) (x y)2 .

:
)

f(x) f(y) (x y)2 x, y .

) f .
6.

f : f ( x) f ( x) 0 , x .
) f(0) f (0) 0 , :
i)

H h (f )2 f

ii) f(x) 0 , x .
) g(x) g(x) 0 g(0) 0 ,g(0) 1 g(x) x

[ ]
7.

N f : f (3x - 1) 2x 1 f(2) 5 .

8.

f , f(0) 2 f (x 5 x) 6x , x ,
) f(x 5 x) 5x 6 3x 2 2 .
) C f 2,f(2) .

9.

1
f(x)f(y)
2
x, y . : y 2x 2 C f
f : : f (x y)
0,f(0) , :

) f(0) ,
) f.

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2012-2013

10. f:(0, ) 1 f (1) 1 .

f(x y) y f(x) x f(y) , x, y 0 , :

) f x 1

f x
x

x 0 .

) f x x ln x , x 0 .
11. f : f(x y) f(x) f(y)
x, y . f (0) 1 .
12. f : f(x y) f(x 2y) 2f(x) 3y
x, y . C f Cg , g(x) 5

1
, A(1,) ,
x

:
) f (x) 1 x ,
) f.

[ ]
13. f :
) f(x) 3x 42x e x f(0) 5
)

f (x)

2x
f(0) 1
(x 1)2
2

) f(x) 2xx x 2x f(0) 1

)

xf(x) f(x) 2 , x 0 f(1) 0

2012
) f [0, ) f (x) xf(x) x f

2
2
12
6
) f (x) 2f(x) , x , f(0) 1 .
14. f (0, ) f(x) 0 . , ,
, :
)

x
,
f(x)

) A(1,1)
) 1.
15. f R f(0) f (0) 1 :
f (x) f (x) 6x 3x 2 x . f(x) .

16. f : f(x) 2f (x) f (x) e x ,

x . g(x) f (x) f(x) g(0) 1 :

g(x)
x g
ex
) f f(0) 1
) h(x)=

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2012-2013

17. N f : : f ( x) 2xf ( x) 2x f(0) 1 .

18. f : (x 2)f (x) 2x 2 5x 2 , x
f(0) 1 . f.
19. f {2} , (x 2)f (x) 2x 2 5x 2 ,
x {2} , f(0) 1 f( 3) 7 .

[ ( f( x ) f( x ) , f(x) ce x ) ]
20. f,g : * f (x)g(x) f(x)g(x) f(x)g(x) ,
x f(0) g(0) 0 . N :
) f(x) e xg(x) , x
) g(x) 0 , x .
21. f : :
f (x) f(x), x f(0) 1, f (0) 1 . :
) f(x) f (x) 2e x , x .
) f(x) e x , x .

[ ]
22. f : f(0) 2f (0) 1
2

f (x)f(x) f (x) f(x)f (x), x . :

1 x
e x
2

f(x)f (x)

f 2 (x) e x , x .
x

) f(x) e2 , x .
23. f : : f ( x)f ( x) 1
x . f(0) 1 , :
) f ( x)f ( x) 1 x .
) f ( x)f (x) 1 x .
) f(x) e x x .
24. f : f (x) f(x) x f (0) f (0) 1 .
) g(x)

f (x) f(x)
.
ex

) f (x) f(x) 2e x , x .
) .

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2012-2013