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Technical reference
Cutting tools
Turning tools ........................................................................................ 152 Chipbreakers ....................................................................................... 158 Milling tools ....................................................................................... 1510 Solid Carbide Endmills ............................................................... 1515 Drilling tools Solid and brazed drills ........................................................... 1519 TAC drills........................................................................................ 1520 Gun drills and gun reamers ................................................ 1529

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Appendix
Dimensional standards relating to tools Standards on tapers ............................................................... 1532 International tolerance and JIS t tolerance ............ 1534 Bolt hole dimensions .............................................................. 1536 Comparison tables of material designation ................... 1537 Conversion table of hardness ................................................ 1543 Surface roughness ........................................................................ 1544 Grade comparison charts ......................................................... 1545 Chipbreaker comparison charts ........................................... 1551

Technical Reference

Turning Tools
Name of tools parts
End cutting edge angle Shank width Indexable inserts Rake face
Shank

Side relief angle Corner Side rake radius angle Cutting edge inclination
g ed g heigh e t

Side cutting edge angle Overall length


k heig ht

End cutting edge (Minor cutting edge) End relief face Corner (Nose) Shim Side relief face Side cutting edge (Major cutting edge)

Cuttin

Front relief angle

Relating angles between tool and workpiece


Machined surface

Shan

ap Depth of cut (Distance between work surface and machined surface) ae Length of cutting edge engaging in cutting.

f ap

ae

k
Work surface h

Cutting edge angle (Angle to be made by cutting edge and work surface) f Feed per revolution h Thickness to be cut per revolution Machined surface Workpiece surface after having machined. Work surface Workpiece surface to be cut.

Effect of side cutting edge angle

Honing
TAC indexable inserts of steel cutting grades are honed. Honing specications are shown in the following table.
Edge condition Shape

Sharp edge Round honing Chamfered honing

Technical Reference

30 15 0 In the cutting of same feed rate, as the side cutting edge angle increases, the chip thickness decreases. h0h1h2

Effects of tool geometry on cutting phenomena


Phenomena Increasing Cutting edge inclination Flank wear Decrease Decrease Decrease Crater wear Decrease Decrease Decrease Edge strength Lower Lower Lower Lower Increase Increase Increase Cutting force Radial force decrease Decrease Decrease Radial force decrease Radial force decrease Increase Increase Surface nish Roughen Improve Chattering Cutting edge Chip shape temperature and ow Less tendency Likely to occur Less tendency Likely to occur Likely to occur Likely to occur Lower Lower Lower Lower Increase Increase Increase Effect on ow direction Effect on shape Decrease thickness Effect on ow direction

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Side rake angle Relief angle End cutting edge angle Side cutting edge angle Nose radius Honing width

Decrease to some level Increase

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Technical Reference

Turning Tools
Relations between cutting force and cutting conditions or cutting phenomena
Conditions Grey cast iron (HB130)
1000

Stainless steel (HB145)


1500

Carbon steel (HB230)


1400

Cutting force (N)

900 800 700 600

Cutting force (N)

1400 1300 1200 1100

Cutting force (N)

Cutting speed and cutting force f = 0.2 mm/rev

Negative

1300 1200 1100 1000

Negative

Negative

Positive

ap = 2 mm
Side cutting edge angle 0 Corner radius r 0.4

Positive

Positive
40 60 80 100 120 Cutting speed: Vc (m/min)

40 60 80 100 120 Cutting speed: Vc (m/min) 2500 2500

40 60 80 100 120 Cutting speed: Vc (m/min) 2500

Cutting force (N)

2000 1500 1000 500

Cutting force (N)

2000 1500 1000 500

Cutting force (N)

Depth of cut and cutting force Vc = 100 m/min f = 0.2 mm/rev Side cutting edge angle 0 Corner radius r 0.4

2000 1500 1000 500

Negative Positive

Negative

Negative Positive

Positive

0 1 2 3 4 5 Depth of cut: ap (mm) 2500

1 2 3 4 5 Depth of cut: ap (mm)

1 2 3 4 5 Depth of cut: ap (mm)

Feed and cutting force


Cutting force (N)

2500

2500

Vc = 100 m/min

2000 1500 1000 500

Cutting force (N)

2000 1500 1000 500

Cutting force (N)

2000 1500 1000 500

ap = 2 mm
Side cutting edge angle 0 Corner radius r 0.4

Negative Positive

Negative Positive

Negative Positive

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Feed: f (mm/rev)

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Feed: f (mm/rev)

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Feed: f (mm/rev)

Cutting force (N)

800 600 400 200

Cutting force (N)

Negative Positive

800 600 400 200

Cutting force (N)

Corner radius and cutting force Vc = 100 m/min f = 0.2 mm/rev

1000

1000

1000

Negative Positive

800 600 400 200

Negative Positive

ap = 1.2 mm
Side cutting edge angle 0

Technical Reference

0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 0 Corner radius: r (mm) 1200

0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 Corner radius: r (mm)

0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 Corner radius: r (mm)

Cutting force (N)

Cutting force (N)

Cutting force (N)

Side cutting edge angle and cutting force Vc = 100 m/min f = 0.2 mm/rev

1400

1400

1100 1000 900 800

Negative

1300 1200 1100 1000

Negative

1300 1200 1100 1000

Negative

Positive

Positive

ap = 2 mm
Corner radius r 0.4

Positive
45 30 15 0 Side cutting edge angle

45 30 15 0 Side cutting edge angle 1400 1400

45 30 15 0 Side cutting edge angle

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Side rake angle and cutting force


Cutting force (N)

1200 1000 800 600

Cutting force (N)

1200 1000 800 600

Cutting force (N)


15

1200 1000 800 600

Vc = 100 m/min f = 0.2 mm/rev

ap = 2 mm
Side cutting edge angle 0 Corner radius r 0.2
* 9.8N = 1kgf

10 0 Side rake angle

15

10 0 Side rake angle

10 0 Side rake angle

15

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Technical Reference

Turning Tools
Calculation formulas for turning
Cutting speed
Turning n

When calculating cutting speed from number of revolutions:


n : Number of revolution (min-1) Dm : Diameter of work piece (mm)

Vc : Cutting speed (m/min)

Dm

(m/min)

3.14

Boring n

When calculating required number of revolutions from cutting speed:

Example : Calculating the cutting speed when turning a 150 mmdiameter workpiece at 250 min-1

Dm

(min-1)

Vc =

3.14 150 250 = 117 m/min 1000

Cutting time on external and internal turning


External turning R

T
(min)

R f n

T : Cutting time (min) R : Cutting length (mm) f : Feed (mm/rev) n : Number of revolution (min-1)

Internal turning

Cutting time on face turning


Vc : Cutting speed (m/min)

(min) Technical Reference

f : Feed (mm/rev) T : Cutting Time (min)

Theoretical surface nish


f

15
h

h : Surface nish (m) f : Feed (mm/rev)

(m)

r : Nose radius (mm)

Calculation of power consumption (kW)

Pc : Power requirement (kW) F : Cutting force (N)

Vc : Cutting speed (m/min)

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Technical Reference

Turning Tools
Cutting forces
(1) Finding from the diagram based on experimental data. (2) In case determining by simplied equation:
Cutting force in turning Back force Feed force F : Cutting force (N) kc : Specic cutting force (N/mm2) [Refer to the Table below] ap : Depth of cut (mm) f : Feed (mm/rev) Example : Calculating the cutting force when cutting a high carbon steel (JIS S55C) at 0.2mm/rev feed and 3mm depth of cut. F=343030.2=2058N Pc : Net power requirement (kW) kc : Specic cutting force (N/mm2) [Refer to the Table below]

Resultant cutting force

Principal force

Calculating power requirement

vc : Cutting speed (m/min)


ap : Depth of cutting (mm) f : Feed (mm/rev)

Value of specic cutting force (kc)


Work material SS400, S15C S35C, S40C S50C, SCr430 SCM440, SNCM439 SDK FC200 FCD600 Aluminium alloy Aluminium Magnesium alloy Brass Tensile strength (Mpa) 390 590 785 980 1765 ( 56HRC ) ( 160HB ) ( 200HB ) ( 89HB ) Hardness (HB) 100 170 230 300 56HRC 160 200 89 Value of specic cutting force on feed kc (N/mm2) 0.04 ( mm/rev) 0.1 ( mm/rev) 0.2 ( mm/rev) 0.4 ( mm/rev) 1.0 ( mm/rev) 3430 2840 2450 2080 1700 4220 3490 2940 2500 2080 4900 4020 3430 2940 2400 5390 4410 3780 3240 2650 8390 6870 5880 5000 4120 2550 1960 1630 1340 1030 3330 2550 2110 1750 1340 1350 1130 950 810 670 1050 870 740 640 520 390 390 390 390 390 1080 1080 1080 1080 1080

Bending stress and tool deection


Square shank

Bending stress (1) Square shank


S: F: L: b: h: Ds: Bending stress in shank (MPa) Cutting force (N) Overhang length of tool (mm) Shank width (mm) Shank height (mm)

Technical Reference

( MPa )

(2) Round shank

Shank diameter (mm) E : Modulus of elasticity of shank material (MPa)

( MPa )
Round shank
Ds

Tool defection (mm) (1) Square shank

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( mm )

(2) Round shank

(Ref.) Values of E

Material MPa (N/mm2) Steel ( mm ) 210,000


Cemented 560,000~620,000 Carbide

{kgf/mm2} 21,000 56,000~62,000

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Technical Reference

Turning Tools
Troubleshooting in turning
Typical tool failure Flank wear Tool grade Change to more wear resistant grades. Tool geometry Decrease honing width. Reduce cutting speed. Increase relief angle. Change to appropriate feed. Increase end cutting edge angle. Change to wet cutting. Increase corner radius. Select free-cutting chipbreaker. Increase rake angle. Reduce cutting speed. Reduce feed. Reduce depth of cut. Change to wet cutting. Increase rake angle. Select an appropriate chipbreaker. Increase side cutting edge angle. Increase corner radius. Countermeasures Cutting conditions

P, M, K30 / 20 / 10

Crater wear

Change to more wear resistant grades.

P, M, K30 / 20 / 10
Change to more wear resistant grades.

Notch wear

Reduce cutting speed. Reduce feed.

Increase rake angle. Increase side cutting edge angle.

P, M, K30 / 20 / 10
Reduce feed. Reduce depth of cut Improve holding rigidity of work and tool. Reduce overhang length of toolholder. Improve looseness in machine. Reduce cutting speed Reduce feed. Reduce depth of cut. Improve holding rigidity of work and tool. Reduce overhang length of toolholder. Improve looseness in machine. Reduce cutting speed Reduce feed. Reduce rake angle Select a chipbreaker with high edge strength. Increase honing width. Increase side cutting edge angle. Select larger shank size Increase corner radius. Reduce rake angle Select a chipbreaker with high edge strength. Increase honing width. Increase side cutting edge angle. Select larger shank size Reduce rake angle Increase corner radius Increase honing width.

Fracture

Change to tougher grades. Change to thermal-shock resistant grades.

P, M, K10 / 20 / 30
Change to tougher grades.

Chipping

P, M, K10 / 20 / 30

Change to tougher grades. Flaking

P, M, K10 / 20 / 30

Plastic deformation

Technical Reference

Change to more wear resistant grade.

P, M, K30 / 20 / 10

Reduce cutting speed. Change to appropriate feed. Reduce depth of cut. Supply cutting uid in adequate volume.

Increase relief angle. Increase rake angle. Reduce corner radius. Reduce side cutting edge angle. Select a free-cutting chipbreaker.

Chip welding

Built-up edge

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Use a grade which has a low Increase cutting speed. tendency to adhere to work material. Increase feed Change to water-insoluble Cemented carbide / cutting uid. Coated carbide or cermet Change to wet cutting.

Increase rake angle Select a free-cutting chipbreaker. Decrease honing width.

Change to tougher grades. Change to thermal-shock resistant grades.

P, M, K10/20/30

Reduce cutting speed. Reduce feed. Change to dry cutting. Supply cutting uid in adequate volume. Reduce depth of cut. Change to water-insoluble cutting uid.

Thermal cracking

Increase rake angle Select a free-cutting chipbreaker. Decrease honing width.

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Technical Reference

Turning Tools
Countermeasures Tool Select a more wear resistant grade. Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Use an insert with a larger nose radius. Use a more lightly honed insert. Use an insert of closer tolerance. (from M class to G class) Use a tougher grade. Select a chipbreaker with strong cutting edges. Use a largely honed insert. Increase the side cutting edge angle. Use a larger shank size. Select a grade with less afnity with the work material. Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Use a more lightly honed insert. Use an insert of closer tolerance. (from M class to G class) Use a tougher grade. Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Use an insert with a smaller nose radius. Decrease the side cutting edge angle. Use a more lightly honed insert. Use a larger shank size. Use an insert of closer tolerance. (from M class to G class) Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Use an insert with a smaller nose radius. Use a more lightly honed insert. Improve the holding rigidity of the tool and workpiece. Shorten the overhang of the toolholder. Improve the machine looseness. Decrease the cutting speed. Increase the feed rate. Use a cutting uid. Use a harder grade. Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Increase the relief angle. Use an insert with a smaller nose radius. Decrease the side cutting edge angle. Use a more lightly honed insert. Decrease the feed rate. Decrease the depth of cut. Use a harder grade. Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Increase the side cutting edge angle. Use an insert with a larger nose radius. Use a more lightly honed insert. Use a larger shank size. Improve the holding rigidity of the tool and workpiece. Shorten the overhang of the toolholder. Improve the machine looseness. Cutting conditions and others Select a proper feed rate. Decrease the cutting speed. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Use a cutting uid. Decrease the depth of cut. Decrease the feed rate. Use a more rigid machine. Improve the holding rigidity of the tool and workpiece. Shorten the overhang of the toolholder. Improve the machine looseness. Increase the cutting speed. Increase the feed rate. Use a water-insoluble cutting uid. Use a cutting uid. Use a proper cutting speed. Decrease the feed rate. Decrease the depth of cut. Improve the holding rigidity of the tool and workpiece. Shorten the overhang of the toolholder. Improve the machine looseness.

Problem

Cause Increased tool wear

Edge chipping Deteriorated surface roughness Deteriorated dimensional accuracy Burr occurrence

Chip welding Built-up-edge

Vibration and chatter

Improper insert accuracy Incomplete engagement of tool and workpiece

Unsuitable cutting speed

Worn tool or improper cutting edge geometry

Technical Reference

Improper cutting speed Edge breakout

Worn tool or improper cutting edge geometry

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Increase the cutting speed. Select a proper feed rate. Use a water-insoluble cutting uid. Use a cutting uid.

Fuzzy surface nish

Improper cutting conditions

Worn tool or improper cutting edge geometry

Use a harder grade. Select a grade with less afnity with the work material. Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Use a more lightly honed insert.

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Technical Reference

Chipbreaker
Chip controllability
Necessity of chip control (Problems and effects)

Necessity of chip control

Why is chip control needed? Effect of improper chip control

Problems 1. Scattering of chips and coolant. 2. Wrapping around the workpiece and the tool. 3. Accumulation on the tool, jig, and machining facilities.

Effects 1. Disturbs unmanned and automated machining. 2. Disturbs high-speed and high-efciency machining. 3. Degrades nished surface. 4. Threatens operators safety. 5. Reduced operation rate.

Additional problems when chips are not properly controlled

Why is chip control needed?


What is chip?

Effect of improper chip control


Effects on quality

Defective work. Defective surface nish Chip entangling Increased number of man-hours for handling. Increased tool costs. Troublesome chip handling. Machine stoppage and reduced operation rate. Stain and damage on machine caused from improper carrying-out of chips. Dangerous effects on the human body. (Injury and burns on hand, etc.)

For making a product from a workpiece, removed objects produced by a tool which is set to cut to a specified depth with the relative motion of the tool and the workpiece.
Problems when chips are not properly controlled

Effects on operation

Effect on safety and health.

Effective measures

Chipbreaker

Classication

Chip shape Depth of cut: small Depth of cut: large

Description of chip shape Chips irregularly entangled

Acceptability

Effect Wrapping around the tool or workpiece or accumulation around the cutting point, hindering cutting Possible damage to the machined surface

Shape A

Not acceptable

Technical Reference

Shape B

Long continuous spiral chips R 50 mm

Bulky during transport in the automatic line May be preferred when one operator handles one machine

Shape C

Short spiral chips R 50 mm

Shape D

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Acceptable

Smooth chip ow Difcult to scatter Favorable shape

"C" or "9" shaped chips (Around one coiling)

Favorable shape if not scattering Not bulky and easy to transport

Excessively broken chips. Thin pieces or connected in a form of wave as shown in the gure left

Not acceptable

Readily scattering. If scattering is the only trouble, it may be acceptable because the chip cover, etc. may be used. Tend to cause chatter, causing harm on the nished surface roughness or tool life.

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Shape E

Technical Reference

Chipbreaker
Factors affecting chip control
Of these, feed has the greatest effect followed by depth of cut and cutting speed in order listed. Feed is proportionate to the thickness of chips. Depth of cut is proportionate to the width of chips. There are optimum values (effective range) in feed and depth of cut. Cutting speed is in inverse proportion to chip thickness. Effective range becomes narrow at high speed.
Depth of cut: ap (mm)
Vc = 100 m/min Vc = 200 m/min

(1) Cutting conditions 1 Feed 2 Depth of cut 3 Cutting speed

Effecttive range

Feed: f (mm/rev)

(2) Work material 1 Alloy element 2 Hardness 3 Heat treatment condition

These are related to thickness of chips and ease of curling. Mild steel chips are thicker than those of hard steel. Hard steel chips are liable to curl more than those of mild steel. Chips that do not curl are thin. As an exception, in case of mild steel even if thick, may not curl.

Depth of cut: ap (mm)

Mild steel

Hard steel

Feed: f (mm/rev)

(3) Tool geometry 1 Side cutting edge angle 2 Nose radius

Side cutting edge angle is relative to chip thickness and width Side cutting edge angle is preferably small. Nose radius is relative to thickness and width and the direction of owing out. In nishing, small nose radius, whilst for rough cutting, large nose radius is better.

Depth of cut: ap (mm)

S.C.E.A: large S.C.E.A: small Nose radius: small Nose radius: large

Feed: f (mm/rev)

(4) Shape of chipbreaker 1 Rake angle 2 Chipbreaker width 3 Chipbreaker depth

Rake angle is in inverse proportion to chip thickness. Depending on the work material, there is an optimum value. Chipbreaker width is selected proportionately to feed. Narrow at low feed and wide at high feed. Chipbreaker depth is to be selected so as to be inversely proportionate to feed. Deep at low feed and shallow at high feed.

Depth of cut: ap (mm)

Rake angle: large Rake angle: small Breaker width: small Breaker width: large Breaker depth: large Breaker depth: small

Technical Reference

Feed: f (mm/rev)

Effective range is wider with wet cutting. Especially at low feed range is liable to curl.

Depth of cut: ap (mm)

Wet cutting Dry cutting

(5) Cutting uid

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Feed: f (mm/rev)

(6) Machine 1 Strength 2 Power limit

The machine has enough power and mechanical strength. Select the machine consistent with the size of work material to be used.

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Technical Reference

Milling Tools
Nomenclature for face milling cutter

Peripheral cutting edge (Main cutting edge) Inserts Chamfering corner

Axial rake angle (p) (A.R. on catalogue.)

Work piece Cutting edge inclination () Cutter height Face cutting edge (Wiping at) Face relief angle

Peripheral cutting edge angle () Mounting hole dia. (d)

Peripheral

True rake relief angle angle (0)

Effective cutter dia. (Dc)

Radial rake angle (f) (R.R. on catalogue.)

Relations of various rake angles are according to the following equations.

tan 0 = tan f cos + tan p sin tan = tan p cos - tan f sin

Cutter geometry and applications


Rake angle combination and applicability

Rake angle combination


(-) Axial rake angle (+) Axial rake angle (+) Axial rake angle

Negative-Negative Negative-Positive Positive-Positive

Technical Reference

Shapes of cutting edge

p (A.R) f (R.R) o
Carbon steels, Alloy steels ( 300HB) Stainless steels ( 300HB) Die steels ( 300HB) Cast irons Ductile cast irons

+ + +

Work material

Aluminium alloys Copper and its alloys Titanium and its alloys Hardened steels (40 ~ 55HRC)

Radial rake angle

Radial rake angle

Radial rake angle

(-)

(-)

(+)

Negative type (Negative-Negative)

Negative-Positive type

Positive type (Positive-Positive)

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Features

Higher Excellent chip Most cutting edge removal excellent strength Higher cutting cutting action Many usable edge strength corners of and Freer inserts cutting action

Typical examples of TAC mills

TGN4200 TAW13 THF4000 TME4400 THE4000 TMD4400

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Technical Reference

Milling Tools
Calculation formulas for milling
Cutting speed
n

Cutting speed (Calculated from number of revolutions) vc : Cutting speed (m/min)


Dc : Effective diameter (mm) n : Number of revolutions (min-1)

ap
vf

3.14

Number of revolution (Calculated from cutting speed) ae

Feed speed and feed rate


vf : Table feed (mm/min)
fz : Feed rate per tooth (mm/t) z : No. of teeth of the cutter n : Number of revolutions (min-1)

Rp

fz (Feed per tooth) ff (Feed per revolution)

Feed speed is relative speed of cutter and work material and in the normal milling machine, it is the table speed. In milling, the feed per tooth is very important. The recommended cutting condition is expressed by vc and fz and using the above equation calculate n and vf and input in the machine.

Cutting time on face milling


T : Cutting time (min) L : Total table feed length. (R: Work pieces length (mm) + Dc: Effective cutter diameter (mm))

vf : Table feed (mm/min)

Technical Reference

Depth of cut and cutting width


Depth of cut Determine by required allowance for machining and capacity of the machine. In case of TAC mill, there are cutting limits according to shape and size of the insert. Please see spec on the catalogue. ap : Depth of cutting (mm)

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Center cutting

vc
Dc

Cutting width and engagement angle There is an appropriate engage angle depending on the cutter diameter, cutting position, work material, etc., and ordinarily the values in the table below are used as a guide.
Work material Appropriate E Cutter dia. and ae Dc : Cutter diameter (mm) E : Engage angle

E Shoulder cutting

ae

Dc

ae

vc
E

Steel

0~ 20
(on small side for shoulder cutting)

ae Dc
4 ae Dc 5

2 3

ae :

Cutting width (mm)

Cast iron under 40

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Technical Reference

Milling Tools
Roughness of nished surface
(1) Theoretical surface roughness Theoretical roughness as shown in Fig. 1, is the same as for single point turning With corner R Without corner R

Rth: Theoretical roughness (m) fz: Feed per tooth (mm/t)

r : Corner radius (mm) : Corner angle : Face cutting edge angle

With corner R

Without corner R

Rth

Rth

Fig.1
fz fz

fz (Feed per tooth) f (Feed per revolution)

(2) Practical surface roughness In case of practical milling, there are many teeth and natural differences in levels of edges occur. The maximum difference is called run out. (Rp) In the actual face milling, nished surface roughness, as shown in Fig. 2, is worse than the single point cutting. If only one tooth is projecting, it will be similar to the single point shown in Fig. 1 but of a large value substituting f (mm/rev) for fz (mm/t).

Fig.2

Rp

Improving surface roughness


Insert SPCN42ZFR

Technical Reference

Body Locator

Face run out must be minimized and a low feed rate and high speed should be used. Also, in order to attain good nished surface at high efciency, there are the following methods: (1) In case of ordinary TAC mill Use wiper insert as shown in the gure at left. (2) Use of TAC super nish mill for nishing. Use of combination TAC mills with nishing insert such as TFD4400-A
and TFP4000 1A (ap < 1.0 mm). Use of TAC supe nish mill for nishing such as NMS cutters and SFP4000, etc.

Fig.3

0.03 ~ 0.08

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Technical Reference

Milling Tools
Calculating power requirement
Pc : Net power requirement (kW) kc : Specic cutting force (N/mm2) [Refer to the Table below]

Because practical power requirements depend on the type of TAC mill (proportional to the true rake angle) and the motor efciency of the machine used, the result calculated from the above formula should be considered as a rough guide. Values of specic cutting force (kc)
Work material Tensile strength
MPa 0.1 (mm/t)

ap : Depth of cut (mm) ae : Cutting width (mm) vf : Table feed (mm/min)

Value of specic cutting force on feed per tooth kc (N/mm2)


0.15 (mm/t) 0.2 (mm/t) 0.3 (mm/t) 0.4 (mm/t)

SS400 S55C SCM3 SKT4 SC450 FC250 AR(Si) Brass

520 770 730 (HB352) 520 (HB200) 200 500

2150 1970 2450 2030 2710 1660 660 1090

2000 1860 2350 2010 2530 1450 580 960

1900 1800 2200 1810 2410 1320 522 877

1750 1760 1980 1680 2240 1150 460 760

1650 1620 1710 1590 2120 1030 410 680

Values of cutting force (kc)


1800 1600 1400 1200

Principal force fy Feed force fx Back force fz

Cutting force (N)

1000 800

fz
600 400 200 0 -200

fx

fy

vf
TGP 0 410 TGP 0 420 TGD 0 440 THF 0 440 TSP 0 400 TSE 0 400

TAC mill

TGN

0 420

TRD

0 600

Technical Reference

Work material : S50C (210HB) Diameter of TAC mill : 160 mm Cutting Speed : Vc = 150 m/min , feed fz = 0.20 mm, Depth of cut ap = 3 mm Cutting by a single edge, dry

Conversion from cutting speed to number of revolutions

(unit : min-1)

Cutting speed ( vc ) m/min Cutter diameter 10 30 50 100 125 150 200 300 500 800 1,000 2,000 4,000 Dc ( mm ) 10 318 955 1,592 3,184 3,980 4,777 6,369 9,554 15,923 25,477 31,847 63,694 127,388 12 265 796 1,326 2,653 3,317 3,980 5,307 7,961 13,269 21,231 26,539 53,078 106,157 16 199 597 995 1,990 2,488 2,985 3,980 5,971 9,952 15,923 19,904 39,808 79,617 20 159 477 796 1,592 1,990 2,388 3,184 4,777 7,961 12,738 15,923 31,847 63,694 25 127 382 636 1,273 1,592 1,910 2,547 3,821 6,369 10,191 12,738 25,477 50,955 30 106 318 530 1,061 1,326 1,592 2,123 3,184 5,307 8,492 10,615 21,231 42,462 32 99 298 497 995 1,244 1,492 1,990 2,985 4,976 7,961 9,952 19,904 39,808 35 90 272 454 909 1,137 1,364 1,819 2,729 4,549 7,279 9,099 18,198 36,396 40 79 238 398 796 995 1,194 1,592 2,388 3,980 6,369 7,961 15,923 31,847 50 63 191 318 636 796 955 1,273 1,910 3,184 5,095 6,369 12,738 25,477 63 50 151 252 505 631 758 1,011 1,516 2,527 4,044 5,055 10,110 20,220 80 39 119 199 398 497 597 796 1,194 1,990 3,184 3,980 7,961 15,923 100 31 95 159 318 398 477 636 955 1,592 2,547 3,184 6,369 12,738 125 25 76 127 254 318 382 509 764 1,273 2,038 2,547 5,095 10,191 160 19 59 99 199 248 298 398 597 995 1,592 1,990 3,980 7,961 200 15 47 79 159 199 238 318 477 796 1,273 1,592 3,184 6,369 250 12 38 63 127 159 191 254 382 636 1,019 1,273 2,547 5,095 315 10 30 50 101 126 151 202 303 505 808 1,011 2,022 4,044 Note: In this table, the effects of centrifugal force on the rotating balance of the tool and the toolholder, ying risk of cutter parts, and limited value of toolholder destruction are not considered. Therefore, when using the tool at high speeds, be sure to observe the specied condition range.

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Technical Reference

Milling Tools
Trouble shooting in face milling
Trouble Possible causes Improper insert grade selection (Insufcient wear resistance) Excessive cutting speed Inadequate feed Cutting hard material and Countermeasures P30 (Cemented carbide) / Cermet, coated grade (For steels) K10 (Cemented carbide) / Coated grade (For cast irons) Select cutting speed suited for work material and insert grade Use standard cutting condition in catalog as guide Decrease cutting speed Use cutter with strong cutting edge Proper selection of feed conditions, using recommended cutting conditions in catalog as guide Use a negative-positive type cutter with large corner angle (Examples: T/EAW13, T/EME4400, etc.) Cracking due to thermal shock Continuous use of excessively worn insert Cutting hard material Select insert grade of stronger thermal shock resistance such as T3130 Decrease cutting speed Shorten replacement standard time of insert Use cutter with stronger cutting edge such as T/ERD6000 Use cutter of larger corner angle such as T/EAW13, T/EME4400, etc. Obstruction to chip ow Recutting of chips after chip welding Use cutter with better chip expulsion such as T/EAW13, etc. Select insert grades difcult for chips to adhere Cemented carbides / cermets, coated grades Use air blow Excessively slow cutting, too ne feed Cutting soft material such as aluminium, copper, mild steel Select cutting speed and feed optimized for insert grade and work material Use cutter with large rake angle such as T/EAW13 P30 / coated grades (AH140, AH120) Use cutter with large rake angle such as T/EAW13, T/EME4400, T/EPW13 or T/ESE4000 Increase cutting speed Appropriate cutting depth (nish allowance) Change insert grade Effect of face cutting edge run out For steels: P / coated / cermet For cast irons: K / coated Proper installing of inserts Use insert of high dimensional accuracy Cleaning of insert pocket Continuous use of excessively worn insert Remarkable feed marks Shorten replacement standard time of insert Feed per revolution to be set within atland width Use wiper insert type cutter such as T/EAW13 Use cutter exclusively for nishing such as type NMS and S/EFP4000 Unstable clamping of workpiece Cutting of welded construction of thin steel plate Excessive cutting condition Face milling of narrow width workpiece Too many simultaneous cutting teeth engagement Check clamping method of workpiece Adopt cutter of large rake angle and small corner angle such as T/EPW13 or T/ESE4000 Re-examine allowable chip removal rate according to motor HP Use cutter of small cutter diameter and with many teeth Reduce No. of teeth or adopt irregular pitch cutter

Rapid wear of cutting edge

Improper Insert grade selection (Insufcient toughness) Cermet / P30 (For steels), K10 / K20 (For cast irons) unfavorable surface condition Excessive feed Machining superalloys

Rapid chipping of cutting edge

Excessive pressure applied on cutting edge Proper selection of engaging angle

Fracturing

Excessive chip Cutting stainless steel welding or build-up Use of cutter with negative rake on cutting edge
or too small rake angle Effect of built-up edge

Rough nish

Technical Reference

15

Chattering

15 14

Technical Reference

Solid Carbide Endmills


Part details
Neck Outside diameter Shank Shank diameter

Types
Square

Ball nose

Neck length Flute length Overall length Shank length

Centre hole

Radius

Radial rake Land width Flute 1st radial relief 2nd radial relief

End cutting edge End gash

Concave angle Peripheral Corner cutting edge

Taper neck

Axial rake

Ball nose with taper neck


1st end relief 2nd end relief

Cutting condition of Endmills


Cutting speed
Cutting speed (Calculated from number of revolutions) vc : Cutting speed (m/min)
Dc : Effective diameter (mm) n : Number of revolutions (min-1)

3.14

Number of revolution (Calculated from cutting speed)

Dc1

D c

D c

D c

Technical Reference

Feed speed and feed rate


vf : Table feed (mm/min)
fz : Feed rate per tooth (mm/t) z : No. of teeth of the endmills n : Number of revolutions (min-1)

Up milling

Down milling

Cutting The necessary capacity of the machine is limited by the length of cut edge of the endmill. Up milling and down milling Down milling generally produces better tool life and surface roughness. In case of cast iron sand inclusion or welding surface, up milling is recommended.

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Technical Reference

Solid Carbide Endmills


Regrinding procedures of solid carbide endmill
Check damage on cutting edge

Flank wear at the peripheral cutting edge

Crater wear at the rake face

Breakage Checking, if the tool has enough length of cutting edge as unused part.

Regrinding of peripheral relief angle

Regrinding of peripheral rake angle

Cutting off damaged part

Regrinding of end relief angle

Grinding of end rake angle and end relief angle

Regrinding of end relief angle


1. for using cup type diamond wheel

relief angle

Use 400 to 600 mesh diamond wheel

2. for using straight type diamond wheel


grinding wheel

grinding wheel

Setting angle of Formular of setting angle tan = tan x tan : peripheral relief angle : spiral angle

Regrinding of peripheral rake angle

Technical Reference

1 ~ 3

Cup type diamond wheel

Regrinding of end rake angle (End gash)


30 ~ 45

15
0 ~ 3

For 2 utes endmill: straight type diamond wheel For 3 utes endmill: cup type diamond wheel

Notice of regrinding (1) If, after checking the damage of the cutting edge, the damage is as case A or B of the ow chart, the tool must be reground. Too much damage of the cutting edge requires too much stock removal and thus reduces tool life. (2) Please use diamond grinding wheel. (3) Peripheral relief angle must be ground between 18 and 10. Relief angle of small diameter cutters for aluminium machining must be a large degree. (4) First check if C in ow chart can be adapted for the case of coated endmill or not. If procedure C can be adapted for regrinding, tool life after the grinding would be more improved than new one. The reason is remaining coated layer of cutting edge and shorter tool length will keep much higher rigidity of the tool than before regrinding. (5) Please check run out of peripheral cutting edge, face cutting edge, with Vee block after regrinding. The value of the run out must be controlled within 0.01 mm. Notice for regrinding of ball nose endmill - Regrinding of relief angle only is available. The dimension of nose radius will be smaller after grinding. - Honing of cutting edge is necessary after regrinding.

Regrinding of end relief angle


Cup type diamond wheel : 1st end relief angle: 5 ~ 7 2nd end relief angle: 15 ~ 20

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Technical Reference

Solid Carbide Endmills


Trouble shooting in Endmilling
Trouble Possible causes Countermeasures

At the start of machining At the end of machining

Reduce feed rate. Reduce tool overhang length. Exchange to short cutting edge tool. Reduce feed rate. Managing tool life / Exchange in shorter time.

Breakage
(In case of solid carbide endmill and brazed endmill with small diameter)

When usual machining

Replace chuck or collet to new one. Reduce tool overhang length. Make optimum honing on the edge. Reduce utes. E.g. 4 utes / 3utes, or 2utes. Use enough coolant. Change direction of supplying coolant.

When change the direction of feed Chipping on corner edge Chipping on boundary part

Use the circular interpolation in NC machine. Stop feed shortly before changing. Lower feed rate around changing part. Replace chuck or collet to new one. Chamfer the corner with hand-stick grinder. Down cutting Upward milling. Change cutting direction, Down cutting / Upward milling. Reduce cutting speed. Make slight honing on the edge. Or make honing bigger. Change spindle revolution number. Increase cutting speed. If chattering, increase feed rate. Use coolant or air blast. Replace chuck or collet to new one. Decrease cutting speed. Decrease feed rate. Reduce utes. E.g. 4 utes / 3utes, or 2utes. Make slight honing on the edge. Or make honing bigger. Replace chuck or collet to new one.

Chipping on central part or all edges.

Fracture on cutting edge

Fracture on cutting edge

For Solid carbide endmill Decrease cutting speed. Use enough coolant. Change direction of supplying coolant. For brazed endmill If wet cutting, change to dry cutting with air-blast. Change direction of supplying air-blast. In slot milling of steel, change to optimum cutting condition. (In low cutting speed-chipping or adhesion may cause.) (In high cutting speed-chip packing or thermal crack may cause.) Decrease cutting speed. Change cutting direction, Upward milling / down cutting. Increase feed rate. Use coolant or air blast. In reground tool, grind ank face with FINER wheel.
(Continued on next page)

Large wear in short time

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Technical Reference

Solid Carbide Endmills


Trouble Possible causes Countermeasures

Bright, but Wavy surface

Reduce feed per tooth. Increase utes; E.g. 2 utes / 3utes, or 4utes. Increase cutting speed. Use coolant or air blast, or increase coolant. Make slight honing on the edge. Upward milling / Down cutting. Increase feed per tooth. Increase Depth of Cut. Make slight honing on the edge. Use non-water soluble coolant. Down cutting / Upward milling. Reduce depth of cut. Increase cutting speed. Reduce feed per tooth. Upward milling / Down cutting. Reduce depth of cut. Replace chuck or collet to new one. Reduce overhang length. Increase cutting speed. Reduce depth of cut. Replace chuck or collet to new one. Reduce overhang length. Increase cutting speed. Increase utes; E.g. 2 utes / 4utes. Reduce feed per tooth. Check the edge. Change tool, when needed. Increase feed per tooth. Reduce feed per tooth, when current feed is more than 0.07 mm/t. Change cutting speed. Replace chuck or collet to new one. Reduce overhang length. Use 2 utes tool in roughing. Use 4 utes tool in nishing. Down cutting / Upward milling.

Small chips are welded on surface.

Poor surface nish


Scratches on the surface

Poor surface by over cutting

Finish size becomes a minus tendency.

Poor accuracy

Poor straightness

Chattering

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Technical Reference

Drilling Tools
Nomenclature for drills

Shank Lead Point angle Diameter

Helix angle

Flute length Overall length

Shank length

Thinning edge Thinning Web thickness Secondary relief Primary relief Oil hole Heel Cutting edge Margin Chisel Body clearance
Thinning

Secondary relief

Primary relief

Chisel edge

Cutting forces and power requirement


Twist drill
Power requirement

Material constant compensating for power requirement and thrust force


Work material Tensile strength MPa (N/mm2) Kgf/mm2 Brinell hardness (HB) Material constant (K)

Technical Reference

Pc=KDc2 n ( 0.647 + 17.29f )10-6 (kW)


Thrust force

Cast iron Cast iron

210 280 350 250 550 620 630 690 630 770 940 750 1,400 580 800

21 28 35 25 55 62 63 69 63 77 94 75 140 58 80

177 198 224 100 160 183 197 174 167 229 269 212 390 174 255

1.00 1.39 1.88 1.01 2.22 1.42 1.45 2.02 1.62 2.10 2.41 2.12 3.44 2.08 2.22

Tc=570KDcf 0.85 (N)


Torque

Cast iron Aluminium Low carbon steel (JIS S20C) Free cutting steel (JIS SUM32)

Mc= (Nm)

KDc ( 0.630 + 16.84f) 100

Manganese steel (JIS SMn438) Nickel chromium steel (JIS SNC236) 4115 steel Cr0.5, Mo0.11, Mn0.8

15

Pc : Power requirement (kW) Tc : Thrust force (N) Mc : Torque (Nm) Dc : Drill diameter (mm) f : Feed (mm/rev) n : No. of revolutions (min ) K : Material constant.... Refer to the Table at right
-1

Chromium molybdenum steel (JIS SCM430) Chromium molybdenum steel (JIS SCM440) Nickel chromium molybdenum steel (JIS SNCM420) Nickel chromium molybdenum steel (JIS SNCM625) Chromium vanadium steel Cr0.6, Mn0.6, V0.12 Cr0.8, Mn0.8, V0.1

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Technical Reference

Drilling Tools
Cutting edge failure of drilling tools

Flaking (Shell-like spalling) Irregular wear (Irregular ank wear)

Chipping (Small or minute fracture of cutting edge) Breakage (Relatively large fracture)

Flank wear (Wear of cutting edge)

Crater wear (Groove-like wear on rake face)

Feed mark (Wear stripes in periphery) Fracture (Catastrophic breakage of drill body)

Corner wear (Wear of peripheral corner)

Note: If these failures are not excessive, the tool is in a normal condition.

Change of chip shapes in drilling


Change of chip shapes relating to cutting conditions
Photographs below show the change of chip shapes relating to change of the feed and the cutting speed. These chip shapes are all well controlled in a proper condition range. When the speed and feed are low, the chip shows whitish colour and the tail of the chip tends to lengthen gradually. In contrast, as the speed or the feed increases, the chip tends to increase in brightness and becomes a compact shape with a short tail. These changes in the shape depend on the cutting temperature. As the temperature increases, chips tend to be broken.

Technical Reference

High

Feed

Low

15
Tail High Cutting speed Low

15 20

Technical Reference

Drilling Tools
Troubleshooting for solid drills and brazed drills
Problem Cause Inappropriate cutting speed Countermeasure Increase the cutting speed by 10 % within standard conditions if abnormal wear is around center. Lower the cutting speed by 10 % within standard conditions if abnormal wear is on the periphery. Inappropriate cutting uid Check the lter. Use the cutting uid superior in lubricity. (Increase the dilution rate) Inappropriate cutting speed Regrinding timing, insufcient reground amount Insufcient rigidity of the machine and workpiece Lower the cutting speed by 10 %. Shorten the regrinding timing. Change the clamp method to the one with rigidity. Use smallest possible overhang. Check the lter. Use the cutting uid superior in lubricity. (increase the dilution rate) Intermittent cutting when entering Avoid interruption at entry and exit. Lower the feed rate by about 50 % during entering into and leaving from the workpiece. Insufcient rigidity of the drill Reduce the drill overhang as much as possible. Increase the feed at entry when the low speed feed is selected in standard cutting condition range. Use a bushing or a center drill.

Relief surface

Abnormal wear

Margin

Insufcient drill rigidity Inappropriate cutting uid

Chisel section (center of drill cutting edge)

Insufcient rigidity of the machine and workpiece Inappropriate entry into the workpiece High workpiece hardness Inappropriate honing Insufcient drill rigidity

Change the clamp method to the one with rigidity. Avoid interruption at entry into the workpiece. Lower the feed rate by 10 % at entry. Lower the feed rate by 10 %. Check if honing has been made to the center of cutting edge. Lower the cutting speed by 10 %. Increase the feed at entry when the low speed feed is selected in standard cutting condition range.

Chipping and fracture

Peripheral cutting edge


Inappropriate drill mounting accuracy Insufcient machinery and workpiece rigidity Inappropriate honing Insufcient machine and workpiece rigidity Insufcient drill rigidity

Check the run out accuracy after drill installation. (0.03 mm or less) Change the clamp method to the one with rigidity. Lower the feed during entering into and leaving from the workpiece. Check if honing has been made to the cutting edge periphery. Change the clamp method to the one with rigidity. Use smallest possible overhang. Use a bushing or center drill.

Margin
Regrinding timing and insufcient amount of reground stock. Intermittent cutting when entering or exiting the cut. Tendency to cause chipping or develop abnormal wear Chip packing in the drill utes

Shorten the regrinding timing. Avoid interruption at entry and exit. Lower the feed rate by about 50 % during entering into and leaving from the workpiece. Check the failure mode condition before breakage and nd out the wear and chip countermeasures. Review the cutting conditions. For internal coolant supply, raise the supply pressure of cutting uid. Use peck feed for deep holes.

Technical Reference

Breakage
Insufcient machine output

Review the cutting conditions. Use the machine with high power.

Insufcient rigidity of the machinery and workpiece. Inappropriate drill installation accuracy

Change to the clamp method with rigidity Check the run out accuracy of drill mounting. (0.03 mm or less) Review the cutting conditions. Raise the cutting oil supply pressure. Use peck-feed for deep holes.

15

Insufcient hole accuracy

Chip packing in the utes.

Inappropriate edge sharpening accuracy Inappropriate cutting conditions

Check the edge shape accuracy. Increase the feed rate by 10 % within standard conditions. Provide the appropriate honing. Lower the cutting speed by 10 %.

Prolonged chips

Inappropriate honing Cutting edge with chipping or breakage

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Technical Reference

Drilling Tools
Nomenclature for TAC drill
Overall length Shank length Peripheral insert Maximum drilling depth Flange diameter Shank diameter Flute Peripheral insert Flange Cutting zone of peripheral edge Shank

Central insert

Cutting zone of central edge

Calculation formulas for TAC drill


Cutting speed
When calculating cutting speed from number of revolutions:
(Drilling formulas)
vc : Cutting speed (m/min) Dc : Drill diameter (mm) n : Number of revolution (min-1)

Drill diameter

3.14 When calculating required number of revolutions from cutting


speed: (Drilling formulas)

Technical Reference

Dc

When calculating cutting speed from number of revolutions:


(Where the workpiece rotates.)
vc : Cutting speed (m/min) Dc : Drilling diameter (mm) n : Number of revolution (min-1)

15
Dc

3.14 When calculating required number of revolutions from cutting


speed: (Where the workpiece rotates.)

Calculation of table feed


vf : Table feed (mm/min)
f : Feed (mm/rev) n : Number of revolution (min-1)

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Technical Reference

Drilling Tools
Chip shapes
Chip shape produced with central insert
A conical coil shape whose apex point coincides with the rotating center of the drill is the basic shape. The chips are broken into small sections with increases in feed. However, excessively high feed causes the chip to increase in thickness and develops vibration which disturbs stable machining. In TDX drills, marked chips shown below are the most preferable shapes. This type of chip is broken into adequate lengths by centrifugal forces when used in tool-rotating condition. On the other hand, when used in work-rotating condition such as on a lathe, a continuously long chip is often produced without entangling.

Relation between chip shapes and feeds (In the case of central insert)

Carbon steels, alloy steels, etc.

Low carbon steels, stainless steels, etc.

Feed

Higher

Technical Reference

Lower

Example of chip shape in work-rotating applications (In the case of central insert)

15

(26, S45C, Vc = 100 m/min, f = 0.1 mm/rev)

100 mm

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Technical Reference

Drilling Tools
Chip shape produced with peripheral insert
Chip problems such as entangling are mainly caused by chips produced with the peripheral insert. These problems are dependent on the types of work material and the cutting conditions. As shown below, when the feed is extremely low, the chips jump over the chipbreaker groove and the continuously long chips may wrap around the drill body. When the feed is too high, the chips increase in thickness and can not be curled. Therefore, it is important to select proper cutting conditions to suit the machining so that well controlled chips will be formed.

Medium to high carbon steels, alloy steels, etc.


As shown below, several turns of coil are an ideal shape. As the feed increases, the curl radius and the number of turns tend to decrease.

Typical chip shapes of general steels

Variation of chip shapes relating to feeds

f = 0.07 mm/rev

f = 0.1 mm/rev

f = 0.13 mm/rev

Stainless steels, low-carbon steels, low-alloy steels, etc.


When machining long-chip materials such as stainless steels and mild steels, the wrong selection of cutting conditions results in chip entangling and tool breakage at worst. Therefore, cutting conditions should be carefully selected. C shaped, continuous coils of several to ten turns having adequately divided lengths are the ideal shape.

Ideal chip shapes


Stainless steel (JIS SUS 304)
( 22, Vc = 100 m/min, f = 0.1 mm/rev )

Mild steel (JIS SS400)


( 22, Vc = 160 m/min, f = 0.08 mm/rev )

Technical Reference

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15 24

chipbreaker

DJ

For machining stainless steels or low carbon steels, DS chipbreaker is recommended. When using a TDX drill in tool-rotating condition, DS chipbreaker produces compact chips and allows more stable machining than DJ chipbreaker. When using it in work-rotating condition, DS chipbreaker provides outstanding affect on chip control.

chipbreaker

DS

Technical Reference

Drilling Tools
Chip shapes which tend to entangle and remedies against them

Apple-peel-like chips
These chips are often produced in machining mild steels or low-carbon steels at low-speeds and low-feeds.

Short-lead chips
These chips are often produced in machining stainless steels at lowfeeds and tend to entangle to the tool in spite of short length.

Very long chips


Often produced in machining mild steels or low-carbon steels under improper cutting conditions.

Remedies Increase the cutting speed in stages by 20% within the range of standard cutting conditions. If there is no effect, increase the feed by about 10 % as the cutting speed is raised by 20%.

Remedies Increase the feed by about 10 %. If there is no effect, increase the cutting speed in stages by 10% within the range of standard cutting conditions.

Remedies Increase the cutting speed in stages by 20% within the range of standard cutting conditions. If there is no effect, decrease the feed by about 10 % as the cutting speed is raised by 20%.

Apple-peel-like chips (Without curling)

Continuously curled C shape chips with short lead (P).

Continuously coiled long chips

Cutting forces
The charts below show a guideline for cutting forces. Use TDX drills on a machine with ample power and sufcient rigidity.

Guidelines for cutting forces

16
Net power consumption (kW)

5
LOAD %

100 80
Torque (Nm)

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 10 20 30 40
0.13 mm/rev 0.10 mm/rev 0.07 mm/rev

4
Thrust force (kN)

3 2 1 0
0.13 mm/rev 0.10 mm/rev 0.07 mm/rev

60 40 20 0
0.13 mm/rev 0.10 mm/rev 0.07 mm/rev

Technical Reference

50

60

10

20

30

40

50

60

10

20

30

40

50

60

Drill diameter (mm)

Drill diameter (mm)

Drill diameter (mm)

Cutting speed: vc = 100 m/min Work material: Alloy steel (JIS SCM440), 240HB Cutting uid: Used

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Technical Reference

Drilling Tools
Troubleshooting for TAC drills
Problem
Central cutting Relief surface edge Peripheral cutting Relief surface edge

Cause

Countermeasure

Inappropriate cutting conditions Inappropriate cutting conditions

Increase the cutting speed by 10 % within standard conditions. Lower the feed rate by 10 %. Increase the cutting speed by 10 % within standard conditions. When the feed rate is extremely low or high, set up it within standard conditions. Conrm that the cutting uid ow is higher than 7 liter/min. The concentration of cutting uid must be higher than 5 %. Use the cutting uid superior in lubricity. Change to internal cutting uid supply from external one. Change to the machine with higher torque.

Varieties and supply of cutting uid

Abnormal wear

Relief surface

Vibration in drilling Unsuitable for selection of grade

Change to the clamp method with rigidity. Change the drill setting method. Change the grade to high wear resistant. Tighten the screw. Change to internal cutting uid supply from external one. Increase the supply rate of the cutting uid. (Higher than 10 liter/min.) Lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Lower the cutting speed by 20 % within standard conditions. Lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Lower the cutting speed by 20 % within standard conditions. Increase the cutting speed by 20% and lower the feed rate by 20% within standard conditions. Raise the uid pressure (for higher than 1.5 MPa). Set the misalignment to 0 ~ 0.2 mm. Check the manual and use the tool in the allowable offset range. Flatten the entry surface in pre-machining. Set the feed rate for lower than 0.05 mm/rev in rough surface area. Lower the feed rate by 20 ~ 50 % within standard conditions. Conrm the corner when exchanging inserts. Exchange the corner or the insert before the nose wear reaches 0.3 mm. Flatten the entry surface in pre-machining. Set the feed rate for lower than 0.05 mm/rev at rough surface area. Set the feed rate for lower than 0.05 mm/rev in interrupted area. Conrm the corner when exchanging inserts. Increase the cutting speed by 20 % and lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Raise the uid pressure (for higher than 1.5 MPa). Lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Change to continuous feed in case of pick feeding. Exchange the corner or the insert before the nose wear reaches 0.3 mm. Change to the machine with higher rigidity. Change to the clamp method with rigidity. Change the drill setting method. Set the feed rate for lower than 0.05 mm/rev. Change to internal cutting uid supply from external one. Lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Change the grade to toughress. Tighten the screw.

Common

Looseness of screws

Cutting heat is too high Crater Excessive chip welding Chipbreaker Chip packing Misalignment for workpiece rotation Large offset
Central cutting edge

The rotation center of drill

No atness of machined surface High feed rate Using a chipping corner Using inserts in excess of tool-life

Peripheral cutting

Peripheral corner area

No atness of machined surface The existence of interrupted area Using a chipped corner

Chipping and fracture

edge

Technical Reference

The unused corner area and cutting edge


High hardness of workpiece Chip packing Machinery impact Using inserts in excess of tool-life

15

Contact
Common

boundary

Vibration in drilling High hardness of workpiece

Flaking

Thermal impact Unsuitable for selection of grade Looseness of screws

Common

15 26

Technical Reference

Drilling Tools
Problem Scratch marks on the tool Cause Countermeasure

The tool periphery

Inappropriate hole accuracy

Hole diameter

Roughness

Common

Prolonged and twisted of chips


Chip control

Misalignment of workpiece rotation Set the misalignment to 0 ~ 0.2 mm. Offset machining in excess of allowable range Use the tool in the allowable offset range. Offset direction reduced diameter of workpiece Set offset direction extended diameter of workpiece Flatten the entry surface in pre-machining. No atness of the entry surface Set the feed rate for lower than 0.05 mm/rev in rough surface area. Chipping of peripheral cutting edge Exchange the insert. Bend of workpiece Change to the clamp method with rigidity. Increase the cutting speed by 20 % and lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Chip packing Raise the uid pressure (for higher than 1.5 MPa). Misalignment for workpiece rotation Set the misalignment to 0 ~ 0.2 mm. Adjust offset contents. Inappropriate offset contents Flatten the entry surface in pre-machining. No atness of the entry surface Set the feed rate for lower than 0.05 mm/rev at rough surface area. Bend of workpiece Change to the clamp method with rigidity. The concentration of cutting uid must be higher than 5 %. Varieties and supply of cutting uid Use the cutting uid superior in lubricity. Change to internal cutting uid supply from external one. Increase the cutting speed by 20 % within standard conditions. Inappropriate cutting conditions Lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Failures of inserts Exchange the insert. Increase the cutting speed by 20 % and lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Chip packing Raise the uid pressure (for higher than 1.5 MPa). Tighten the screw. Looseness of screws Work within standard conditions. Increase the cutting speed by 10 % within standard conditions. Inappropriate cutting conditions Increase the feed rate by 10 % within standard conditions. Exchange inserts. Failures of inserts Change to internal cutting uid supply from external one. Machining by external uid supply Work by step feed. Use dwell function for 0.1 sec approximately. There is a tendency to shorten the chips when shifting to higher speed and feed. Chips around the central cutting edge Change to internal cutting uid supply from external one. Raise the uid pressure (for higher than 1.5 MPa). Increase the cutting speed by 20 % and lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Inappropriate cutting conditions Raise the uid pressure (for higher than 1.5 MPa). Exchange the drill holder. Large failure of drill holders Tighten the screw. Looseness of screws Lower the cutting speed by 20 % within standard conditions. Inappropriate cutting conditionss Increase the feed rate by 10 % within standard conditions. Large wear of inserts Exchange the insert. Change to the machine with higher torque rigidity. Vibration in drilling Change to the clamp method with rigidity. Change the drill setting method. Tighten the screw. Looseness of screws Insufcient machine power and torque Use the range of number of revolutions suited machine spec. Lower the feed rate by 20 ~ 50 %. Exchange inserts before the failure becomes larger. Check the oil-hole plug screw is tightly screwed in place. Check that the uid ows powerfully from the drill. Burned inserts Lower the cutting speed and the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Failures of inserts Exchange the insert. Inappropriate cutting conditions Lower the feed rate by 20 ~ 50 % just before leaving from the workpiece. Fluid supply

Technical Reference

Chip packing

Common

Chatter

15

Others

Machine stop

Large burr

15 27

Technical Reference

Drilling Tools
Nomenclature for gun drill
Secondary clearance angle Oil clearance Primary clearance angle 8~15 Outer cutting angle Inner cutting angle Outer corner Apex point

Chamfer Margin Oiling hole Tip Shank V-ute Driver

Wear surface (Guide pad)

Shank oil hole

Troubleshooting in gun drilling


Trouble Possible causes Countermeasures

Is workpiece clamp loose?


At entry into workpiece

Is the guide bushing not separated from entry surface?


Cause in machine

Is machining under rapid feed? Is alignment of bushing set correctly? Is the shape of bushing correct? Is the gun drill set properly? Is regrinding in order? Is the feed rate too high? Is engaging not slanted? Is workpiece clamp loose? Is the shape of bushing correct? Is the feed speed (vf) uniform? Is number of revolutions uniform?

Cause in drill
Inappropriate cutting condition

Cause in workpiece

Breaking of drill

Cause in machine During drilling

Technical Reference

Cause in drill
Inappropriate cutting condition

Is there an abnormal failure? Is the feed rate (f ) set properly? Change to standard gun drill. Is there chip packing? Is tip length too long? Is selection of guide pad appropriate? Is uid hole clearance excessive? Is the feed rate too high at breaking-through? Is there inclined surface? Is workpiece clamp loose in machining? Is there increase of burnishing torque due to small hole diameter?

Cause in workpiece

Others
At exit from workpiece

Cause in drill

Inappropriate cutting condition

15

Cause in workpiece During retracting Cause in machine


Inappropriate cutting condition

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Technical Reference

Drilling Tools
Troubleshooting in gun drilling
Trouble Possible causes Countermeasures

Is selection of cutting uid correct? Carry out through ltration of cutting uid.
Cause in machine

Is clearance between guide bushing and drilling excessive? Is alignment of bushing set correct? Check concentricity of spindle and guide bushing.

Abnormal wear

Short tool life

In case uid temperature too high, increase tank capacity. Appropriate selection of guide pad. Is regrinding correct?
Cause in drill

Is drill overall length excessive? In case wear too large, regrind the gun drill (or check tool life criterion). Is the cutting speed too high? Is the feed rate (f ) too high? Is the uid pressure too high? Is material quality uniform? Is the shape of bushing correct? Is the feed speed (vf) uniform? Is number of revolutions uniform? Enlarge chip box.

Inappropriate cutting condition

Cause in workpiece

Cause in machine Chip packing

Inappropriate cutting condition

Correct selection of the feed rate (f ). Correct selection of uid amount. Change to machining with standard gun drill. Change the shape of cutting edge so that cores become small . Is material quality uniform? Is cutting edge broken or chipped? Is outer corner wear excessive?

Chip control

Cause in workpiece

Chip entanglement

Cause in drill
Inappropriate cutting condition

Correct selection of the feed rate (f ). Make center hole as large as drilling diameter or smaller than it. Lower uid pressure.

Cause in workpiece

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Technical Reference

Technical Reference

Drilling Tools
Troubleshooting in gun drilling
Trouble Possible causes Countermeasures

Is workpiece clamp loose? Use non-water soluble cutting uid. Carry out through ltration of cutting uid.
Rough nish Cause in machine

Is spindle run out too large? Is clearance between guide bushing and drilling excessive? Is the feed speed (vf) uniform? Is number of revolutions uniform? Is there an abnormal failure? Is regrinding correct? Is the feed rate (f ) too high? Is there chip packing? Is clearance between guide bushing and drilling excessive? Is the guide bushing not separated from entry surface? Use non-water soluble cutting uid. Decrease concentrity of guide bushing and spindle. Is there an abnormal failure? Is regrinding correct? Correct selection of the feed rate (f ). Change to machining with standard gun drill. Is there chip packing? Is workpiece clamp loose? Is the guide bushing not separated from entry surface?

Cause in drill
Inappropriate cutting condition

Others

Unacceptable roughness, cylindricity, and oversize

Hole accuracy

Cause in machine

Cause in drill
IInappropriate cutting condition

Cause in workpiece

Others

Cause in machine Bending of hole

Decrease concentrity of guide bushing and spindle. Is clearance between guide bushing and drilling excessive? Change the shape of guide pad. Is regrinding correct? Is the feed rate (f ) too high? Are there faults and unevenness? Is engaging not slanted? Change to machining with standard gun drill.

Cause in drill
Inappropriate cutting condition

Technical Reference

Cause in workpiece

15

15 30

Technical Reference

Drilling Tools
Nomenclature for gun reamer
Guide pad Tip Shank Driver

Corner Margin
Primany clearance angle

Oil hole

Secondary clearance angle

Secondary engage angle Primary engage angle

Troubleshooting in gun reaming


Trouble Possible causes Countermeasures

Increased burnishing torque due to excessively small stock allowance Breaking of reamer Sticking

Chamfer angle small Excessive wear in peripheral cutting edge.

Enlarge chamfer angle and increase stock allowance Reduce cutting speed to prevent peripheral wear of edge Increase lubricity of cutting uid Improve ltering accuracy Change to uid with higher lubricity Increase uid pressure Repair electrical system Improve clamping method of workpiece Reduce uid pressure Increase number of teeth

Faulty ltering of cutting uid Incorrect selection of cutting uid Insufcient cutting uid pressure

Mechanical trouble Excessive feed rate per tooth Excessive chamfer angle Unacceptable surface roughness Too large and
Faulty machining accuracy

Reduce chamfer angle Reduce back taper Improve run out accuracy Improve run out accuracy Remove residual damage completely Reduce uid pressure Increase activity and lubricity of the uid Correct spindle run out and bushing clearance and alignment

Improper tool specications

Excessive back taper Peripheral run out excessive Cutting edge run out is large Residual damage of preceding process Excessive uid pressure Improper selection of cutting uid

Faulty regrinding Improper cutting uid Faulty machine accuracy Faulty clamping of workpiece Faulty machine accuracy

Technical Reference

inconsistent over size

Clamping position wrong Clamping force inadequate Excessive bushing clearance Faulty spindle run out and alignment Outer run out of reamer large Insufcient reamer rigidity

Improper clamping position Increase clamping force Correct bushing clearance Correct spindle run out and alignment Correct peripheral run out Increase reamer rigidity Change clamping position Reduce reamer guide width (margin width) Increase chamfer angle

Defective out-of-roundness

Improper tool specications

15

Faulty clamping position of workpiece Unevenness in wall thickness of workpiece Chamfer angle small Excessive wear in peripheral cutting edge Too high cutting speed Faulty lubricity of cutting uid

Insufcient oversize allowance

Decrease cutting speed Increase lubricating capacity Increase regrinding stock amount

Faulty regrinding (residual damage)

15 31

Technical Reference

Standards on Tapers
Taper shank for machining center (Japan Machine-Tool Builders Association Standard)

7/24 taper 7/24 taper

(unit : mm) Code

D1
46 63 85 100

D2
38 53 73 85

t1
20 25 30 35

t2
8 10 12 15

t3
13.6 16.6 21.2 23.2

t4
2 2 3 3

d1
31.75 44.45 57.15 69.85

d2
14 19 23 27

d3
12.5 17 21 25

L
48.4 65.4 82.8 101.8

1 R (min.)

R 2 (min.)
24 30 38 45

R3
7 9 11 13

g
M12 M16 M20 M24

R 4 (min.)
17 21 26 31

b1
16.1 16.1 19.3 25.7

t5
16.3 22.6 29.1 35.4

BT30 BT40 BT45 BT50

34 43 53 62

HSK Taper Shank (Hollow taper interface with ange contact surface. ISO12164-1:2001(E))
R4

60

R5

R 5

Technical Reference

D1 D

W2

D3

D2(max)

R 3

15
Style A

R2

R1

W1

(unit : mm)

D
32 40 50 63 80 100

D1
24 30 38 48 60 75

D2
26 34 42 53 67 85

D3
37 45 59.3 72.3 88.8 109.75

d
4

1 R

R 2
20

R 3
3.2 4 5 6.3 8 10

R 4
16

R 5
13 17 21 26.5 34 44

W1
9 11 14 18 20 22

W2
7 9 12 16 18 20

HSK-A32 HSK-A40 HSK-A50 HSK-A63 HSK-A80 HSK-A100

16 20 25 32 40 50

26 29

18 20

15 32

Technical Reference

Standards on Tapers
7/24 taper arbor (Conformed to JIS)

R3 R2 R4

D1

D2

d3

7/24 taper
R1 R5 R

d4

d1

60

(unit : mm) NT No.

D1
31.75 44.45 57.15 69.85

d1
17.4 25.3 32.4 39.6

R
70 95 110 130

R 1
50 67 86 105

g
ISO

2 R

R 3
34 43 53 60

d3
16.5 24 30 38

d4
ISO

R 4
6 8 10 11.5

30 40 45 50

M12 M16 M20 M24

24 30 40 45

13 17 21 26

Morse taper shank (Conformed to JIS)


With tang
(unit : mm)

MT. No
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 With thread

D
09.045 12.065 17.780 23.825 31.267 44.399 63.348

a
3 3.5 5 5 6.5 6.5 8

D1 d1
09.2 12.2 18.0 24.1 31.6 44.7 63.8 6.1 9.0 14.0 19.1

(approx) (approx) (max.) (max.) (max.)

R1

R2

d2
6.0 8.7 13.5 18.5 24.5 35.7 51.0

b
3.9 5.2 6.3 7.9 11.9 15.9 19

c
6.5 8.5 10 13 16 19 27

e
10.5 13.5 16 20 24 29 40

R
4 5 6 7 8 10 13

(max.) (max.) (max.)

r
1 1.2 1.6 2 2.5 3 4

56.5 62.0 75.0 94.0

59.5 65.5 80.0 99.0

Technical Reference

25.2 117.5 124.0 36.5 149.5 156.0 52.4 210.0 218.0

(unit : mm)

MT. No
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

D
09.045 12.065 17.780 23.825 31.267 44.399 63.348

a
3 3.5 5 5 6.5 6.5 8

D1
9.2 12.2 18.0 24.1 31.6 44.7 63.8

d
6.4 9.4 14.6 19.8 25.9 37.6 53.9

R5
50 53.5 64 81 102.5 129.5 182

R6
(max.)

d4
(max.)

(approx) (approx) (max.)

d5
M6 M 10 M 12 M 16 M 20 M 24

K
(max.)

t
(max.)

53 57 69 86 109 136 190

6 9 14 19 25 35.7 51

16 24 28 32 40 50

4 5 5 7 9 9 12

15

15 33

Technical Reference

International Tolerance (IT Grades)


International Tolerance (IT Grades)
IT grades shows a tolerance allowable for difference of the diameters of a hole and a shaft. As the number added after IT increases, the tolerance becomes rough. Depending on the basic size, the tolerance value in each grade varies. In the catalog, IT grades are shown as a guide of dimensional dispersion in the diameters of holes machined with the drill. For information, H8 tolerance for a 8.0 hole is 0 to + 0.022 mm, the width of the value is the same as that of IT 8. In the Table shown below, tolerance areas attainable with typical drilling tools are distinguished by using different colours. Solid drills are generally used for machining holes of IT 9 to 12. For machining a hole of better than IT 8, nishing process such as reaming is required. For a hole better than IT 5, high-precision nishing is required. Above description is based on machining of general steel. In practice, the IT grade attained with the tool varies widely depending on the hardness and the composition of the work material.

IT (International Tolerance) Grades


Basic sizes (mm) > 3 6 10 18 30 50 80 120 180 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 International Tolerance Grades
IT1 IT2 1.2 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 13 15 18 21 25 30 36 IT3 2 2.5 2.5 3 4 4 5 6 8 10 12 13 15 16 18 21 24 29 35 41 50 IT4 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 25 28 33 39 46 55 68 IT5 4 5 6 8 9 11 13 15 18 20 23 25 27 32 36 40 47 55 65 78 96 IT6 (m) 6 8 9 11 13 16 19 22 25 29 32 36 40 44 50 56 66 73 92 110 135 IT7 10 12 15 18 21 25 30 35 40 46 52 57 63 70 80 90 105 125 150 175 210 IT8 14 18 22 27 33 39 46 54 63 72 81 89 97 110 125 140 165 195 230 280 330 IT9 25 30 36 43 52 62 74 87 100 115 130 140 155 175 200 230 260 310 370 440 540 IT10 IT11 IT12 IT13 IT14 IT15 IT16 IT17 IT18 (mm) 40 48 58 70 84 100 120 140 160 185 210 230 250 280 320 360 420 500 600 60 0.1 0.14 0.25 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.6 4 4.4 5 5.6 1 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.6 5.2 5.7 6.3 7 9 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.6 5.4 6.3 7.2 8.1 8.9 9.7 11 14 75 0.12 0.18 0.3 0.48 0.75 0.7 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.2 5 6 7

3 6 10 18 30 50 80 120 180 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150
0.8 1 1 1.2 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 3.5 4.5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 15 18 22 26

90 0.15 0.22 0.36 0.58 110 0.18 0.27 0.43 160 0.25 0.39 0.62 190 250 0.3 0.46 0.74 0.4 0.63 1 1.3 1.4 220 0.35 0.54 0.87 130 0.21 0.33 0.52 0.84

290 0.46 0.72 1.15 1.85 320 0.52 0.81 360 0.57 0.89 440 500 560 0.7 0.9

400 0.63 0.97 1.55 1.1 1.75 2 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.7 4.4 5.4 1.4 0.8 1.25

8 12.5

660 1.05 1.65 780 1.25 1.95 920 1.5 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.3

6.6 10.5 16.5 7.8 12.5 19.5 9.2 15 21 23 28 33 11 17.5

Technical Reference

700 1100 1.75 860 1350

8.6 13.5

Tolerance area requiring nishing process such as with a reamer.

Tolerance area attainable with a solid drill.

Tolerance area attainable with an indexable drill.

15

15 34

Technical Reference

Deviations of Shafts to be Used in Commonly Used Fits.


Deviations of Shafts to be Used in Commonly Used Fits.
Basic size step (mm)
(JIS B0401 extrac)

Tolerance zone class of shaft (m)


e9 f6 6 12 10 18 13 22 16 27 f7 6 16 10 22 13 28 16 34 f8 6 20 10 28 13 35 16 43 g5 2 6 4 9 5 11 6 14 g6 2 8 4 12 5 14 6 17 h5 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 8 h6 0 6 0 8 0 9 0 11 h7 0 10 0 12 0 15 0 18 h8 0 14 0 18 0 22 0 27 h9 0 25 0 30 0 36 0 43 js5 2 2.5 3 js6 3 4 4.5 js7 5 6 7 k5 +4 0 +6 +1 +7 +1 +9 +1 k6 +6 0 +9 +1 +10 +1 +12 +1

>
3 6 10 14 18 24 30 40 50 65 80 100

3 6 10 14 18 24 30 40 50 65 80 100 120

14 39 20 50 25 61 32 75

5.5

40 92

20 33

20 41

20 53

7 16

7 20

0 9

0 13

0 21

0 33

0 52

4.5

6.5

10

+11 +2

+15 +2

50 112

25 41

25 50

25 64

9 20

9 25

0 11

0 16

0 25

0 39

0 62

5.5

12

+13 +2

+18 +2

60 134

30 49

30 60

30 76

10 23

10 29

0 13

0 19

0 30

0 46

0 74

6.5

9.5

15

+15 +2

+21 +2

72 159

36 58

36 71

36 90

12 27

12 34

0 15

0 22

0 35

0 54

0 87

7.5

11

17

+18 +3

+25 +3

In every step given in the table, the value on the upper side shows the upper deviation and the value on the lower side, the lower deviation.

Deviations of Holes to be Used in Commonly Used Fits. (JIS B0401 extrac)


Basic size step (mm)

Tolerance zone class of hole (m)


E7 E8 +28 +14 +38 +20 +47 +25 +59 +32 E9 +39 +14 +50 +20 +61 +25 +75 +32 F6 +12 +6 +18 +10 +22 +13 +27 +16 F7 +16 +6 +22 +10 +28 +13 +34 +16 F8 +20 +6 +28 +10 +35 +13 +43 +16 G6 +8 +2 +12 +4 +14 +5 +17 +6 G7 +12 +2 +16 +4 +20 +5 +24 +6 H6 +6 0 +8 0 +9 0 +11 0 H7 +10 0 +12 0 +15 0 +18 0 H8 +14 0 +18 0 +22 0 +27 0 H9 +25 0 +30 0 +36 0 +43 0 H10 +40 0 +48 0 +58 0 +70 0 JS6 3 4 4.5 JS7 5 6 7 K6 0 6 +2 6 +2 7 +2 9 K7 0 10 +3 9 +5 10 +6 12

>
3 6 10 14 18 24 30 40 50 65 80 100

3 6 10 14 18 24 30 40 50 65 80 100 120

+24 +14 +32 +20 +40 +25 +50 +32

Technical Reference

5.5

+61 +40

+73 +40

+92 +40

+33 +20

+41 +20

+53 +20

+20 +7

+28 +7

+13 0

+21 0

+33 0

+52 0

+84 0

6.5

10

+2 11

+6 15

15
+75 +50 +89 +112 +50 +50 +41 +25 +50 +25 +64 +25 +25 +9 +34 +9 +16 0 +25 0 +39 0 +62 +100 0 0 8 12 +3 13 +7 18 +90 +60 +106 +134 +60 +60 +49 +30 +60 +30 +76 +30 +29 +10 +40 +10 +19 0 +30 0 +46 0 +74 +120 0 0 +4 15 +9 21

9.5

15

+107 +72

+126 +159 +72 +72

+58 +36

+71 +36

+90 +36

+34 +12

+47 +12

+22 0

+35 0

+54 0

+87 +140 0 0

11

17

+4 18

+10 25

In every step given in the table, the value on the upper side shows the upper deviation and the value on the lower side, the lower deviation.

15 35

Technical Reference

Bolt Hole Diameters


Guideline for bolt hole diameters
A bolt hole diameter is determined as a thread diameter plus some clearance.

Counterboring diameter

Bolt hole diameter

Ch

am

fer

wid

th

Threaded part, M6 Nominal thread size: 6

Bolt hole diameter


Nominal thread size 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 2 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 27 Class 1 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.2 3.7 4.3 4.8 5.3 6.4 7.4 8.4 10.5 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 28 Bolt hole diameter Class 2 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 3 3.4 3.9 4.5 5 5.5 6.6 7.6 9 11 13.5 15.5 17.5 20 22 24 26 30 Class 3 1.3 1.5 1.8 2 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.3 5.8 7 8 10 12 14.5 16.5 18.5 21 24 26 28 32 Chamfer width 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

(Unit: mm)

Counterboring diameter 3 4 4 5 5 5 7 8 8 8 8 9 10 11 13 13 15 18 20 24 28 32 35 39 43 46 50 55

15

15 36

Technical Reference

Technical Reference

Symbols of Metals
Carbon steel and alloy steels for structural use
Japan Type JIS
S10C C10 C15E4 C15M2 C25 C25E4 C25M2 C30 C30E4 C30M2 C35 C35E4 C35M2 C40 C40E4 C40M2 C45 C45E4 C45M2 C50 C50E4 C50M2 C55 C55E4 C55M2 C60 C60E4 C60M2 1049 1050 1053 1055 1059 1060 C55 C55E C55R C60 C60E C60R

International ISO
1010

U.S.A. AISI SAE

Great Britain BS BS/EN


C10 C10E C10R C15 C15E C15R C22, C22E C22R C25 C25E C25R C30 C30E C30R C35 C35E C35R C40 C40E C40R 080A42 C45 C45E C45R

Other countries Germany DIN DIN/EN


C10E C10R C15E C15R C22 C22E C22R C25 C25E C25R C30 C30E C30R C35 C35E C35R C40 C40E C40R C45 C45E C45R

France NF NF/EN
C10E C10R C15E C15R C22 C22E C22R C25 C25E C25R C30 C30E C30R C35 C35E C35R C40 C40E C40R C45 C45E C45R

Russia

OCT

S15C

1015

S20C

1020

S25C

1025

30 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 60

S30C

1030

Carbon steel

S35C

1035 1039 1040 1042 1043 1045 1046

S40C S43C S45C S48C S50C S53C S55C

C50 C50E C50R C55 C55E C55R C60 C60E C60R C50 C50E C50R

C50 C50E C50R C55 C55E C55R C60 C60E C60R

S58C

Japan Type JIS


Nickel chromium steel

International ISO
15NiCr13 20NiCrMo2 20NiCrMoS2 41CrNiMo2 41CrNiMoS2

U.S.A. AISI SAE


8615 8617(H) 8620(H) 8622(H) 8637 8640 4320(H) 4340

Great Britain BS BS/EN


15NiCr13 20NiCrMo2-2 20NiCrMoS2-2

Other countries Germany DIN DIN/EN


15NiCr13 20NiCrMo2-2 20NiCrMoS2-2

France NF NF/EN
15NiCr13 20NiCrMo2-2 20NiCrMoS2-2

Russia

OCT
40XH

SNC236 SNC415(H) SNC631(H) SNC815(H) SNC836 SNCM220

Technical Reference

30XH3A

Alloy steel

SNCM240
Nickel SNCM415 chromium SNCM420(H) molybdenum SNCM431 steel

20XH2M(20XHM)

SNCM439 SNCM447 SNCM616 SNCM625 SNCM630 SNCM815

15

Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

15 37

Technical Reference

Symbols of Metals
Stainless steel, heat resistant steel
Japan Type JIS
SCr415(H) SCr420(H) SCr430(H)
Chromium steel

International ISO
20Cr4(H) 20CrS4 34Cr4 34CrS4 34Cr4 34CrS4 37Cr4 37CrS4 37Cr4 37CrS4 41Cr4 41CrS4 18CrMo4 18CrMoS4 34CrMo4 34CrMoS4 42CrMo4 42CrMoS4 22Mn6(H) 36Mn6(H) 42Mn6(H) 41CrAlMo74

U.S.A. AISI SAE


5120(H) 5130(H) 5132(H) 5132

Great Britain BS BS/EN


17Cr3 17CrS3 34Cr4 34CrS4 37Cr4 37CrS4 530M40 41Cr4 41CrS4

Other countries Germany DIN DIN/EN


17Cr3 17CrS3 34Cr4 34CrS4 37Cr4 37CrS4

France NF NF/EN
17Cr3 17CrS3 34Cr4 34CrS4 37Cr4 37CrS4

Russia

OCT
15X 15XA 20X 30X

SCr435(H)

35X

SCr440(H) SCr445(H) SCM415(H) SCM418(H)

5140(H) 4130 4137(H) 4140(H) 4142(H) 4145(H) 4147(H) 1522(H) 1534 1541(H) 1541(H)

41Cr4 41CrS4 18CrMo4 18CrMoS4 34CrMo4 34CrMoS4 42CrMo4 42CrMoS4

41Cr4 41CrS4 18CrMo4 18CrMoS4 34CrMo4 34CrMoS4 42CrMo4 42CrMoS4

40X 45X 20XM 20XM 30XM 30XMA 35XM 302 352 352 402 402 452

Alloy steel

SCM420(H) SCM430
Chromium SCM432 molybdenum SCM435(H) steel

18CrMo4 18CrMoS4 708M20(708H20) 34CrMo4 34CrMoS4 42CrMo4 42CrMoS4

SCM440(H) SCM445(H) SMn420(H)


Manganese steel and manganese chromium steel

SMn433(H) SMn438(H) SMn443(H) SMnC420(H) SMnC443(H)

Aluminium chromium molybdenum SACM645 steel

Stainless steel, heat resistant steel


Japan International ISO

Technical Reference

Type JIS
SUS201 SUS202 SUS301 SUS301L SUS301J1 SUS302 SUS302B SUS303 SUS303Se Austenitic SUS303Cu SUS304 SUS304L SUS304N1 SUS304N2 SUS304LN SUS304J1 SUS304J2 SUS304J3 SUS305

U.S.A. AISI UNS SAE


201 202 301

Great Britain BS BS/EN


284S16 301S21

Other countries Germany DIN DIN/EN


X12CrNi17-7 X2CrNiN18-7 X12CrNi17-7

France NF NF/EN
Z12CMN17-07Az Z11CN17-08

Russia

OCT
12X179AH4 07X16H6

X12CrMnNiN17-7-5 S20100 X12CrMnNiN18-9-5 S20200 X10CrNi18-8 S30100 X2CrNiN18-7 S30200 S30215 S30300 S30323 S30400 S30403 S30451 S30452 S30453

Stainless steel

X12CrNiSi18-9-3 X10CrNiS18-9

302 302B 303 303Se 304 304L 304N 304LN

302S25 303S21 303S41 304S31 304S11 X10CrNiS18-9

Z12CN18-09 Z8CNF18-09

12X18H9

12X18H10E X5CrNi18-10 X2CrNi19-11 Z7CN18-09 Z3CN19-11 Z6CN19-09Az Z3CN18-10Az 08X18H10 03X18H11

15

X5CrNi18-9 X2CrNi18-9 X5CrNiN18-8 X2CrNiN18-9

X2CrNiN18-10

X6CrNi18-12

S30431 S30500

S30431 305

305S19

X5CrNi18-12

Z8CN18-12

06X18H11

Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

15 38

Technical Reference

Symbols of Metals
Stainless steel, heat resistant steel
Japan Type JIS
SUS305J1 SUS309S SUS310S SUS315J1 SUS315J2 SUS316 SUS316F SUS316L

International ISO

U.S.A. AISI UNS SAE


S30908 S31008 309S 310S

Great Britain BS BS/EN


310S31

Other countries Germany DIN DIN/EN

France NF NF/EN
Z10CN24-13 Z8CN25-20

Russia

OCT
10X23H18

X6CrNi25-21

X5CrNiMo17-12-2 X3CrNiMo17-12-3 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 X2CrNiMo17-12-3 X2CrNiMo18-14-3

S31600

316

316S31

X5CrNiMo17-12-2 X5CrNiMo17-13-3 X2CrNiMo17-13-2 X2CrNiMo17-14-3

Z7CND17-12-02 Z6CND18-12-03 Z3CND17-12-02 Z3CND17-12-03

S31603

316L

316S11

03X17H14M3

SUS316N SUS316LN

Austenitic SUS316Ti
SUS316J1 SUS316J1L SUS317 SUS317L SUS317LN SUS317J1 SUS317J2 SUS317J3L SUS836L SUS890L SUS321 SUS347 SUS384 SUSXM7 SUSXM15J1 SUS329J1 Austenitic SUS329J3L Ferritic SUS329J4L SUS405 SUS410L SUS429 SUS430 SUS430F SUS430LX SUS430J1L SUS434 SUS436L SUS436J1L SUS444 SUS445J1 SUS445J2 SUS447J1 SUSXM27 SUS403 SUS410 SUS410S SUS410F2 SUS410J1 SUS416 SUS420J1 SUS420J2 Martensitic SUS420F SUS420F2 SUS429J1 SUS431 SUS440A SUS440B SUS440C SUS440F Precipitation SUS630 hardening SUS631 type SUS631J1

S31651 X2CrNiMoN17-11-2 S31653 X2CrNiMoN17-12-3 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 S31635

316N 316LN

X2CrNiMoN17-12-2 Z3CND17-11Az X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 Z3CND17-12Az X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 Z6CNDT17-12

08X17H13M2T

S31700 X2CrNiMo19-14-4 S31703 X2CrNiMoN18-12-4 S31753

317 317L

317S16 317S12

X2CrNiMo18-16-4

Z3CND19-15-04 Z3CND19-14Az

Stainless steel

N08367 N08904 S32100 S34700 S38400 S30430 S38100 S32900 X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 S31803 X2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 S32250 X6CrAl13 S40500 X1CrNiMoCu25-20-5 X6CrNiTi18-10 X6CrNiNb18-10 X3NiCr18-16 X3CrNiCu18-9-4 S42900 S43000 S43020 S43035

N08904 321 347 384 304Cu 329 31803 32250 405 429 430 430F

904S14 321S31 347S31 394S17

X6CrNiTi18-10 X6CrNiNb18-10

Z2NCDU25-20 Z6CNT18-10 Z6CNNb18-10 Z6CN18-16 Z2CNU18-10 Z15CNS20-12 Z3CNDU22-05Az Z3CNDU25-07Az Z8CA12 Z3C14 Z8C17 Z8CF17 Z4CT17 Z4CNb17 Z8CD17-01

08X18H10T 08X18H12

08X21H6M2T

405S17

X6CrAl13

Ferritic

X6Cr17 X7CrS17 X3CrTi17 X3CrNb17 X2CrTi17 X6CrMo17-1 X1CrMoTi16-1 X2CrMoTi18-2

430S17

X6Cr17 X7CrS18 X6CrTi17 X6CrNb17 X6CrMo17-1

12X17

S43400 S43600 S44400

434 436 444

434S17

Z3CDT18-02

Technical Reference

X12Cr13 X6Cr13

S44700 S44627 S40300 S41000 S41008 S41025 S41600 S42000 S42000 S42020

Z1CD26-01 403 410 410S 410S21 403S17 X10Cr13 X6Cr13 Z13C13 Z8C12

08X13

X12CrS13 X20Cr13 X30Cr13 X29CrS13

416 420 420 420F

416S21 420S29 420S37

X20Cr13 X30Cr13

Z11CF13 Z20C13 Z33C13 Z30CF13

20X13 30X13

X19CrNi16-2 X70CrMo15 X105CrMo17 X5CrNiCuNb16-4 X7CrNiAl17-7

S43100 S44002 S44003 S44004 S44020 S17400 S17700

431 440A 440B 440C S44020 S17400 S17700

431S29

X20CrNi17-2

Z15CN16-02 Z70C15 Z100CD17 Z6CNU17-04 Z9CNA17-07

20X17H2

15

95X18 09X17H7

X7CrNiAl17-7

Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

15 39

Technical Reference

Symbols of Metals
Japan Type JIS
SUH31 SUH35 SUH36 SUH37 SUH38 Austenitic SUH309 SUH310 SUH330 SUH660 SUH661 SUH21 SUH409 Ferritic SUH409L SUH446 SUH1 SUH3 SUH4 Martensitic SUH11 SUH600 SUH616

International ISO

U.S.A. AISI UNS SAE


S63008 S63017 S30900 S31000 N08330 S66286 R30155 309 310 N08330

Great Britain BS BS/EN


331S42 349S52 349S54 381S34 309S24 310S24

Other countries Germany DIN DIN/EN


X53CrMnNi21-9

France NF NF/EN
Z35CNWS14-14 Z52CMN21-09Az Z55CMN21-09Az

Russia

OCT
45X14H14B2M 55X209 AH4

Heat resistant steel

CrNi2520

Z15CN24-13 Z15CN25-20 Z12NCS35-16 Z6NCTV25-20

20X25H20C2

X6CrTi12 X2CrTi12

S40900 S44600 S65007

409 446

409S19

CrAl1205 X6CrTi12

401S45 443S65

X45CrSi9-3

Z6CT12 Z3CT12 Z12C25 Z45CS9 Z40CSD10 Z80CSN20-02

15X28 40X10C2M 40X9C2 20X12BHMP

S42200

Tool steel
Japan Type JIS
SK140 SK120 SK105 SK95 SK90 SK85 SK80 SK75 SK70 SK65 SK60 SKH2 SKH3 SKH4 SKH10 SKH40 SKH50 SKH51 SKH52 SKH53 SKH54 SKH55 SKH56 SKH57 SKH58 SKH59 SKS11 SKS2 SKS21 C120U C105U C90U C80U C70U HS18-0-1 HS6-5-3-8 HS1-8-1 HS6-5-2 HS6-6-2 HS6-5-3 HS6-5-4 HS6-5-2-5 HS10-4-3-10 HS2-9-2 HS2-9-1-8

International ISO

U.S.A. AISI ASTM


W1-11 1/2 W1-10 W1-9 W1-8 T1 T4 T5 T15 M2 M3-1 M3-2 M4 M36 M7 M42 F2

Japan Type JIS


SKS5 SKS51 SKS7 SKS81 SKS8 SKS4 SKS41 SKS43 SKS44 SKS3 SKS31 SKS93 SKS94 SKS95 SKD1 SKD2 SKD10 SKD11 SKD12 SKD4 SKD5 SKD6 SKD61 SKD62 SKD7 SKD8 SKT3 SKT4 SKT6

International ISO
105V X210Cr12 X210CrW12 X153CrMoV12 X100CrMoV5 X30WCrV9-3 X40CrMoV5-1 X35CrWMoV5 32CrMoV12-28 38CrCoWV18-17-17 55NiCrMoV7 45NiCrMo16 L6

U.S.A. AISI ASTM


W2-9 1/2 W2-8 1/2 D3 D2 A2 H21 H11 H13 H12 H10 H19

Carbon tool steel

Alloy tool steel

Technical Reference

High speed steel

Alloy tool steel

15

Special use steels


Japan Type JIS
SUM11 SUM12 SUM21 SUM22 SUM22L Free cutting SUM23 carbon steels SUM23L SUM24L SUM25 SUM31 SUM31L

International ISO
9S20 11SMn28 11SMnPb28 11SMnPb28 12SMn35 1110 1109 1212 1213

U.S.A. AISI ASTM Type

Japan JIS
SUM32 SUM41 Free cutting carbon steels SUM42

International ISO
44SMn28 B1 B2 1137 1141 1144

U.S.A. AISI ASTM

1215 12L14 1117

High carbon chromium

SUM43 SUJ1 SUJ2 SUJ3

52100 ASTM A 485 Grade 1

SUJ4 SUJ5

Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

15 40

Technical Reference

Symbols of Metals
Casting or forging steels
Japan Type JIS
Carbon steel SC casting
Steel casting for welded structure

International ISO

U.S.A. AISI ASTM

Great Britain BS BS/EN


A1, A2 A4 309C30, 310C45, 330C12 A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B7 AL1, BL2 EN-GJL-

Other countries Germany DIN DIN/EN


GS G20Mo5, G17CrMo5-5, G17CrMo5-10 EN-GJL-

France NF NF/EN
GE230, GE280, GE320 GE230, GE280 GX40NiCrNb45-35, GX50NiCrCoW35-25-15-5 G17CrMo9-10, GX15CrMo5, GP240GH, GP280GH FB-M, FC1-M, FC2-M,FC3-M EN-GJLB

Russia

OCT

SCW

Casting steel

Heat resisting SCH steel casting Steel casting for high temperature SCPH and high pressure service
Steel casting for low temperature and high pressure service

200-400, 230-450, U270-480 200-400W, 230-450W, WCA, WCB, WCC 270-480W, 340-550W GX40CrSi24, GX40CrNiSi22-10, Grade HC, HD, HF GX40NiCrSi38-19 Grade WC1, WC6, WC9 Grade LCB, LC1, LC2, LC3 No.20,25,30,35, 40,45,50

SCPL FC

100,150,200,250, 300,350 700-2, 600-3, 500-7, 450-10, 400-15, 400-18, 350-22

Grey iron casting Casting iron

Spheroidal graphite iron FCD casting Austempered spheroidal graphite iron FCAD casting Austenitic iron casting

60-40-18, 65-45-12, 8-55-06, 100-70-03, EN-GJS120-90-02 Type 1, 2, Type D-2, D-3A Class 1, 2 EN-GJSF1, F2, S2W, S5S C22, C25, C30, C35, C40, C45, C50, C55, C60

EN-GJS-

EN-GJS-

EN-GJS-

EN-GJS-

FCAFCDA-

L-, S-

GGL-, GGG-

L-, S-

Forging steel

Carbon steel SF forging for general use Chromium molybdenum steel forgings SFCM for general use Nickel Chromium molybdenum SFNCM steel forgings for general use

Class A, B, C, D, E, F Class E, F, G, I Grade 3A, 4 Class G, J, K, L, M Class G, H, I, J Class 3A, 4, 5, 6 Class K, L, M

P285, P355

P245, P280, P305

Non-ferrous alloys
Japan Type JIS
Copper alloy casting Brass casting High strength brass casting

International ISO
C85400 C85700 C86500 C86400 C86200 C86300 C84400 C90300 C90500 C83600 C92200 C90700 C90800 C95200 C95400 C95410 C95800 C95700 C87500 C87400

U.S.A. ASTM SAE


Other countries Great Britain BS BS/EN

Germany DIN DIN/EN

Bronze casting

Phosphor bronze casting

CAC101 CAC102 CAC103 CAC201 CAC202 CAC203 CAC301 CAC302 CAC303 CAC304 CAC401 CAC402 CAC403 CAC406 CAC407 CAC502A CAC502B CAC503A CAC503B CAC701 CAC702 CAC703 CAC704 CAC801 CAC802 CAC803

Copper alloy, Nickel alloy

Cu-C(CC040AgrodeC) Cu-C(CC040AgrodeA,B) CuZn15As-C(CC760S) CuZn33Pb2-C(CC750S) CuZn39Pb1-C(CC754S) CuZn35Mn2Al1Fe-C(CC765S) CuZn34Mn3Al2Fe1-C(CC764S) CuZn25Al5Mn4Fe3-C(CC762S) CuZn25Al5Mn4Fe3-C(CC762S) CuSn3Zn8Pb5-C(CC490K) CuSn5Zn5Pb5-C(CC490K) CuSn10-C(CC480K) CuSn12-C(CC483K) CuAl10Fe2-C(CC331G) CuAl10Ni3Fe2-C(CC332G) CuAl10Fe5Ni5-C(CC333G) CuZn16Si4-C(CC761S)

15

Technical Reference

Aluminium bronze casting Silicon bronze castings

Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

15 41

Technical Reference

Symbols of Metals
Japan Type JIS
AC1B AC2A AC2B AC3A AC4A AC4B AC4C AC4CH AC4D AC5A AC7A AC8A AC8B AC8C AC9A AC9B ADC1 ADC3 ADC5 ADC6 ADC10 ADC10Z ADC12 ADC12Z ADC14 MC5 MC6 MC7 MC8 MC9 MC10 MD1A MDC1B MDC1D MDC2B

International ISO
Al-Cu4MgTi Al-Si8Cu3 Al-Si7Mg(Fe) Al-Si7Mg0.3 Al-Cu4Ni2Mg2 Al-Si12CuNiMg MgRE3Zn2Zr MgAg3RE2Zr MgZn4RE1Zr MgAl9Zn1(A) MgAl6Mn 204.0

U.S.A. ASTM SAE


319.0 333.0 356.0 A356.0 355.0 242.0 514.0 332.0 A413.0 A360.0 518.0 A380.0 383.0 B390.0 AM100A ZK51A ZK61A EZ33A QE22A ZE41A AZ91A AZ91B AZ91D AM60B

Other countries Great Britain Germany BS DIN BS/EN DIN/EN


EN AC-2100 EN AC-44100 EN AC-46200 EN AC-42000 EN AC-42100 EN AC-45300 EN AC-48000 EN MC65120 EN MC65210 EN MC35110 G-A9Z1Y4 EN MC21120 EN MC21320

France NF NF/EN

Aluminium alloy Magnesium alloy

Aluminium alloy ingots for casting

Aluminium alloy die casting

Magnesium alloy casting

Magnesium alloy die casting

Japan Type JIS


A5052S A5454S A5083S Aluminium A5086S alloy A6061S extruded A6063S shapes A7003S A7N01S A7075S

International ISO
AlMg4.5Mn0.7 AlMg1SiCu AlMg0.7Si AlZn5.5MgCu 5052 5454 5083 5086 6061 6063

U.S.A. ASTM AA

Other countries Great Britain Germany BS DIN BS/EN DIN/EN


EN AW-5052 EN AW-5454 EN AW-5083 EN AW-5086 EN AW-6061 EN AW-6063 EN AW-7003 EN AW-7075

France NF NF/EN

Technical Reference

Aluminium alloy

7075

Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

15

15 42

Technical Reference

Approximate Conversion Table of Hardness


Approximate conversion value for Brinell hardness.
HB Brinell, 10mm ball, Load 3000kg Standard ball Tungsten carbide ball HV Rockwell HRB HRC B Scale, C Scale, A Scale, Load 100kg, Load Load 60kg, Diameter 150kg, Brale 1/16 in. brale Diamond Steel ball diamond Vickers Shore HRA HRD D Scale, Load 100kg, Brale Diamond Approx. tensile strength (Mpa) HS HB Brinell, 10mm ball, Load 3000kg Standard ball Tungsten carbide ball

(The source: JIS HB Ferrous Materials and Metallurgy I -2005)


HV Rockwell HRB HRC B Scale, C Scale, A Scale, Load 100kg, Load Load 60kg, Diameter 150kg, Brale 1/16 in. brale Diamond Steel ball diamond Vickers Shore HRA HRD D Scale, Load 100kg, Brale Diamond Approx. tensile strength (Mpa) HS

(495) (477) (461) 444

(767) (757) (745) (733) (722) (712) (710) (698) (684) (682) (670) (656) (653) (647) (638) 630 627 601 578 555 534 514 495 477 461 444

940 920 900 880 860 840 820 800 780 760 740 737 720 700 697 690 680 670 667 677 640 640 615 607 591 579 569 553 547 539 530 528 516 508 508 495 491 491 474 472 472

85.6 85.3 85.0 84.7 84.4 84.1 83.8 83.4 83.0 82.6 82.2 82.2 81.8 81.3 81.2 81.1 80.8 80.6 80.5 80.7 79.8 79.8 79.1 78.8 78.4 78.0 77.8 77.1 76.9 76.7 76.4 76.3 75.9 75.6 75.6 75.1 74.9 74.9 74.3 74.2 74.2

68.0 67.5 67.0 66.4 65.9 65.3 64.7 64.0 63.3 62.5 61.8 61.7 61.0 60.1 60.0 59.7 59.2 58.8 58.7 59.1 57.3 57.3 56.0 55.6 54.7 54.0 53.5 52.5 52.1 51.6 51.1 51.0 50.3 49.6 49.6 48.8 48.5 48.5 47.2 47.1 47.1

76.9 76.5 76.1 75.7 75.3 74.8 74.3 73.8 73.3 72.6 72.1 72.0 71.5 70.8 70.7 70.5 70.1 69.8 69.7 70.0 68.7 68.7 67.7 67.4 66.7 66.1 65.8 65.0 64.7 64.3 63.9 63.8 63.2 62.7 62.7 61.9 61.7 61.7 61.0 60.8 60.8

97 96 95 93 92 91 90 88 87 86 84 83 81 80 79 77 75 73 71 70 68 66 65 63

429 415 401 388 375 363 352 341 331 321 311

429 415 401 388 375 363 352 341 331 321 311 302 293 285 277 269 262 255 248 241 235 229 223 217 212 207 201 197 192 187 183 179 174 170 167 163 156 149 143 137 131 126 121 116 111

455 440 425 410 396 383 372 360 350 339 328 319 309 301 292 284 276 269 261 253 247 241 234 228 222 218 212 207 202 196 192 188 182 178 175 171 163 156 150 143 137 132 127 122 117

73.4 72.8 72.0 71.4 70.6 70.0 69.3 68.7 68.1 67.5 66.9 66.3 65.7 65.3 64.6 64.1 63.6 63.0 62.5 61.8 61.4 60.8

(110.0) (109.0) (108.5) (108.0) (107.5) (107.0) (106.0) (105.5) (104.5) (104.0) (103.0) (102.0) (101.0) 100.0 99.0 98.2 97.3 96.4 95.5 94.6 93.8 92.8 91.9 90.7 90.0 89.0 87.8 86.8 86.0 85.0 82.9 80.8 78.7 76.4 74.0 72.0 69.8 67.6 65.7

45.7 44.5 43.1 41.8 40.4 39.1 37.9 36.6 35.5 34.3 33.1 32.1 30.9 29.9 28.8 27.6 26.6 25.4 24.2 22.8 21.7 20.5 (18.8) (17.5) (16.0) (15.2) (13.8) (12.7) (11.5) (10.0) (9.0) (8.0) (6.4) (5.4) (4.4) (3.3) (0.9)

59.7 58.8 57.8 56.8 55.7 54.6 53.8 52.8 51.9 51.0 50.0 49.3 48.3 47.6 46.7 45.9 45.0 44.2 43.2 42.0 41.4 40.5

61 59 58 56 54 52 51 50 48 47 46 45 43 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 23 22 21 20 19 18 15

1510 1460 1390 1330 1270 1220 1180 1130 1095 1060 1025 1005 970 950 925 895 875 850 825 800 785 765 725 705 690 675 655 640 620

302 293 285 277 269

2055 2015 1985 1915 1890 1855 1825 1820

262 255 248 241 235 229 223 217 212 207 201 197 192 187 183 179 174 170 167 163

Technical Reference

615 600 585 570 560 545 525 505 490 460 450 435 415 400 385

1780 1740 1740 1680 1670 1670 1595 1585 1585

156 149 143 137 131 126 121 116 111

15

Note : Figures in ( ) are not commonly used.

15 43

Technical Reference

Surface Roughness
(According to JIS B 0601, 2001 and its explanation.)

Type

Symbol

How to determine Ra means the value obtained by the following

Example (Fig.)

Arithmetic mean roughness

Ra

formula and expressed in micrometer (m) when sampling only the reference length from the roughness curve in the direction of mean line, taking X-axis in the direction of mean line and Y-axis in the direction of longitudinal magnication of this sampled part and the roughness curve is expressed by y- f (x):

where, R: reference length Rz shall be that only the reference length is sampled from the roughness curve in the direction of mean line, the distance between the top of prole peak line and the bottom of prole valley line on this sampled portion is measured in the longitudinal magnication direction of roughness curve and the obtained value is expressed in micrometer (m).

Maximum height

Rz

Ten point mean roughness

RzJIS

RzJIS shall be that only the reference length is sampled from the roughness curve in the direction of its mean line, the sum of the average value of absolute values of the heights of five highest prole peaks (Zp) and the depths of ve deepest profile valleys ( Zv ) measured in the vertical magnication direction from the mean line of this sampled portion and this sum is expressed in micrometer (m)

where, Zp1, Zp2, Zp3, Zp4, Zp5 : altitudes of the heights of ve highest prole peaks of the sampled portion corresponding to the reference length l where, Zv1, Zv2, Zv3, Zv4, Zv5 : altitudes of the depths of ve deepest prole valleys of the sampled portion corresponding to the reference length l

15

15 44

Technical Reference

Technical Reference

Grade Comparison Charts


CVD Coated Grades
Application code T9105 P01 T9105 P10 T9115 Tungaloy Mitsu- Sumitomo Electric Sandvik Kyocera bishi Hard Material
Metal

Hitachi Tool HG8010

Dijet

NTK

Seco Tool

Kennametal KC9315 KCP05

Iscar

Ingersoll TaeguTec

Widia

Walter

Ceratizit

UE6105 AC700G GC4205 UE6005 UE6105 AC700G GC4205 UE6005 UE6110 AC820P GC4215 AC2000 GC3115

CA5505

JC110V

CP7

TP1000

IC428 IC9150 IC8150 IC8150 IC9015 IC9150 IC9250 IC520M IC8250 IC9015 IC9025 IC9150 IC8350 IC9025 IC9350 IN6520 IN6530 IN6520 IN6520

TT1300

TN7005

WPP01

CA5505

HG8010

JC110V

CP7 CP5

TP1000 TP2000 TP2500

KC9110 KC9315 KCP10 KCP25 KC9110 KC9215 KC9225 KC9325

TT1300 TT7310 TT7400 TT3500 TT5100 TT7400 KT7300 TT7800 TT3500 TT5100 TT7400 KT7300

TN7010 TN7015 TN2510 TN7015 TN7025 TN7525

WPP05 CTC1110 WPP10 CTC1115 WTA33 CTC3110 WXK25 TCC410 WPP20 CTC1110 WAM10 CTC1115 WAP20 CTC1125 WTA43 CTC1130

CA5515 GM8020 JC215V JC730U CA5515 HG8010 JC110V

T9115 T9125 P20


Steel

UE6010 UE6110 UE6020 UE6010

ACP100 GC1515 AC820P GC4215 AC2000 GC4220

CP7 CP5

T200M TP2000 TP2500 TP200 TM2000

CA5525 GM8020 JC215V CA5025 GM8025 JC325V GX2030 JC730U JC215V JC325V

ACP200 GC4225

T9125 T9135 P30 T3130

UE6020 UE6035

AC830P GC4225 AC3000 GC4230

CA5525 CA5535

HG8025 GM25

CP5

MP2500 TP2500 KC9125 TP3000 KU30T

TN7025 TN7035 TN450 TN7435 TN7535 TN7035 TN450 TN7435 TN7535 TN7525 TN7025 TN8025 TN7525 TN7535

WKP25 CTC1425 WPP30 CTC1125 WAK30 CTC1130 WAP30 CTC1135 WTA43 CTC1425 WKP25 WPP30 CTC1135 WAP30 CTC1435 WTP30 CTC2135 WKP35 WAM10 CTC1110 WAM20 CTC1115 WAM10 CTC1115 WAM20 CTC1125 CTC1130 CTC1135 CTC1425 WAM20 CTC1125 WTP30 CTC1135 WTP35 CTC1425 CTC1435 CTC2135 WTP30 CTC2135

UH6400 AC630M GC4235 US735 ACP300 GC2025 GC2035 AC830P GC4235 AC3000 GC4240

CA5025 GM8035 JC450V GX2030 GF30 CA5535 GM8035 JC325V GF30 JC450V

TM4000 KC935M MP2500 T350M TP3000 TP40 TM4000 KCP30 KC9140 KC9240 KC9245

T9135 P40

F7030 UE6035 UH6400 US735

IC635 IC9350

IN6530

TT5100 TT7100 KT7300 TT7800

AC630M GC3040 CA6015 CA6515 CA6515 CA6525 HG8025 JC110V CP2 CP5 CP2 CP5

M10

T9115 T6020 T9125

US7020 AC610M GC2015 ACP100 US7020 AC610M GC2015 F7030 ACP100 GC2025

T350M KC935M TP2500 IC520M TK2000 TP2500 TP200 KC8050 KC9225 IC9250 IC4050 IC9025 IC9054 IC9250 KC8050 KC9240 KU30T KC935M KC9240 KC9245 IC9350 IC635 IC656 IC4050 IC9025 IC9054 IC635 IC656

IN6520 IN6520 TT5100

JC730U HG8025 JC110V GM25 JC730U

M20

CA6015 GM8035

TM2000 KC925M MP2500

T6030
Stainless

US735 F7030

AC630M GC2025

CA6525

GM25

JC730U

T25M TP3000 TP40 TM4000 T350M

IN6520 IN6530

TT5100 TT7100

TN8025 TN450 TN7435 TN7525

T3130 M30

AC830P GC2035 CR9025 GM8035 AC3000 GC235

ACP300 GC2040 US735 M40 GC4240 AC630M GC2035 GC235 GC2040 T5105 K01 GC4240 UC5105 AC410K GC3205 CA4010 JC105V CP1 GX30 GF30

TP40 TM4000

IN6530

TT7100

TN7535 TN450 TN7435

IC428 IC4100

TN5505

Technical Reference

IC5005 T5105 T5115 T1115 UC5115 AC410K GC3005 MC5020 ACK200 GC3210 F5010 CA4010 CA4115 HG3315 HG8010 JC105V JC110V JC730U JC610 CP1 CP5 TP1000 TK1000 TK2000 MK1500 KC9315 IC5010 IC418 IC428 IC520M IC4100 IC9015 IC9080 T5115 UC5115 AC700G GC3215 UE6110 AC820P GC4220 CA4115 HG8010 JC110V CP1 CP5 TP1000 TP2000 TP2500 KC9110 KC9315 KC9325 IC9150 IC418 IC520M IC4050 IC9015 IN6515 IN6520 IN6530 INDD15 TT7310 TT8115 TN5015 TN5020 TN5415 TN5515 TN5520 IC520M IC4050 IN6515 IN6520 IN6530 INDD15 TN7435 WAK20 CTC1115 WAK30 CTC1125 WTA43 CTC1130 WKP25 CTC1425 WAK15 CTC3215 WAK25 WAK20 WAK30 WAP20 WKP25 TSC30 TSC30 IN6520 TT1300 TT7310 TT8115 TN5015 TN2510 TN5415 TN5505 TN5515 WPP01 CTC1110 WAK10 CTC1115 WAK20 CTC3110 WTA33 TCC410

K10

WAK15 CTC3215

Cast lron

T5125 K20

CA4120 GM8020 JC215V HG8025 JC730U GX2030 JC610

MC5020 ACK200 F5020

15

TK2000 KC915M MK1500 T250M T200M KC8050 KC9125 KC9325 KU30T KC935M

T5125

UE6110

ACK300 GC4220 GC3040

CA4120 GM8020 JC215V HG8025 JC730U GX2030

CP5

T200M TP2500 TP200 TK2000 MK3000

K30

Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

Grades (1-1)

TAC Inserts (negative) (2-42)

TAC Inserts (positive) (2-96)

Relating Pages

15 45

Technical Reference

Grade Comparison Charts


PVD Coated Grades
Application code P01 AH710 P10 AH120 AH725 AH730 SH730 P20 VP10MF T2000Z GC1220 ACP200 Tungaloy Mitsu- Sumitomo Electric Sandvik Kyocera bishi Hard Material
Metal

Hitachi Tool

Dijet

NTK

Seco Tool

Kennametal

Iscar

Ingersoll TaeguTec

Widia

Walter

Ceratizit

PR730 PR730 PR830 PR915 PR630 PR730 PR830 PR915 PR930

VP10RT T2000Z GC1220 VP20RT ACP200 GC1020 VP15TF P20 VP20MF

JC5003 IP2000 JC5003 PTH08M JC730U PCA08M JC5030 JC8015 IP2000 JC730U JX1020 JC5030 JP4020 JC8015 CY9020 JC5015 CJ1015 JC5040

CP200

TM1 VM1 TAS

CP250 F25M

KC5010 KC5510 KU10T KC715M KC5020 KC5525 KU25T KC522M

IC903 IC507 IC903 IC950 IC308 IC350 IC354 IC507 IC570 IC907 IC908 IC928 IC950 IC328 IC350 IC354 IC528 IC910 IC928 IC950 IC1028 IC3028 IC228 IC328 IC528 IC928 IC1008 IC1028 IC3028 IC570 IC807 IC354 IC507 IC907

IN2006 IN2004 IN2006 IN2540 IN2004 IN2005 IN2006 IN2015 IN2505

PV3030 PV3010 PV3030 TT7080 TT1040 TT7220 TT9020 TT7080 TT9080 TT7070

TN2505 TN2505

WXK25 WXM15 WXP15 WXP20 WXP25 WXM15 WXP15 WXH15 SR226 GM127

TN2525 TN6415 TN6435 TN6525

Steel

AH120 AH725 AH740 GH330 P30 AH130 GH130

VP10RT T3000Z GC1020 VP20RT AC530U P20 VP15TF ACP200 VP20MF VP30RT

PR630 PR660 PR730 PR830 PR930

IP3000 JX1045 CY250 CY25

JC8015 JC5015 JC5040

QM3 TM4

CP500 F30M

KC5025 KC5525 KU25T KC725M

IN1030 IN2030 IN2035

TT9030 TT7030 TT7080 TT9030 TT9080

TN6435 TN6525

WXP40 GM40 WXK35 CTP1235 WXM35 CTP2235 SR226 GM127

AH140 P40

VP30RT

T3000Z AC530U

PR660

IP3000 JX1060

JC5040

QM3

CP500 F40M T60M

KC735M

IN0545 IN2035 IN2040 IN2540

TT7080 TT8030 TT7070

TN6540

WXP43 CTP2440 WXP45 GM40 WXP40 CTP1235 WXP45 CTP2235 GM127

M01 AH710 M10 VP10MF AC510U GC1025 ACP200 PR730 PR915

IP050S IP050S JC5003 IP100S JC730U PCS08M

TAS TAS CP200 CP250 KC5010 KC5510 KU10T

PV3030 IN2006 IN2505 TT5030 PV3010 PV3030 TT9030 TT9080 TT5030 PV3030 TT9020 TT9030 TT9080 TT8030

WXN10 WXM15 WXP15

AH725 AH730 GH330 SH730 GH730 M20

VP10RT AC520U GC1125 VP20RT ACP200 GC1220 VP15TF GC1020 VP20MF K20

PR630 PR730 PR915 PR930

IP100S JX1020 CY9020 JX1015 CY150

JC5003 JC8015 JC5015 JC730U

QM3

CP250 CP500 F25M

KC5010 KC5025 KC5510 KC5525 KC715M

Stainless

AH120 AH725 AH130 GH130

VP20RT AC530U GC1020 VP20MF ACP300 GC3040 VP30RT GC235

PR630 PR660 PR730

IP100S HC844

JC5015 JC8015 JC5015 JC8050

ZM3

CP500 F30M F40M

KC5025 KC5525 KU25T KC552M

Technical Reference

M30

AH140

VP30RT AC530U GC3040 ACP300 GC235

PR660

JX1060

JC8050

ZM3

F40M

KC725M KC735M

M40

IC250 IC300 IC308 IC354 IC507 IC808 IC830 IC903 IC907 IC908 IC928 IC1008 IC1028 IC3028 IC228 IC250 IC300 IC328 IC908 IC928 IC1008 IC1028 IC3028 IC228 IC250 IC328 IC330

IN1030 IN2005 IN2006 IN2015 IN2030 IN2035

TN6415 TN6435 TN6525

WSM20 CTP2120 WXM20 CTP1235 WXP40 SR226 WXK35 GM127 WXP15

IN1030 IN2030 IN2035 IN2505

TT9030 TT9080 TT8030

TN6435 TN6525

WSM30 CTP2240 WXM33 CTP1235 WXM35 CTP2235 WSM35 SR226 GM127

IN1030 IN2015 IN2030 IN2035

TT8010 TT8020 TT8030

TN6540

CM40 WSM30 CM45 WXP43 WXM33 CTP2440 WXP40 CTP2235 WXK35 WXM35 WSM35 WSP45

K01

AH110 GH110 AH110

GC4014 AC510U GC1210 GC1020

PR510 PR510 PR905

JC5003 PTH08M JC5003 PCA08M JC8015 PCS08M JX1020 CY100H CY9020 JX1015 JC600 JC610 JC8015 JC5015 CP200 KC5010 KC5510 KU10T KC510M KC5025 KC5525 KU25T KC520M

15
Cast lron

K10

IC810 IC910 IC810 IC910 IC950 IC810 IC830 IC908 IC910 IC928 IC950 IC1008

PV3030 IN2004 IN2010 IN2505 IN1030 IN2005 IN2015 IN2030 PV3010 PV3030 TT6030 TT6060 TT8020 TT8030

TN2505 TN2505 TN6510 WXM15 SR216 WXP15 SR226 WXH15 WXK15 WXP20 CTP2120 WXK25 CTP2440 SR216 WXK35 SR226 WXP15 WXH15 WXK15

AH120

VP10RT AC510U GC1210 VP20RT ACK300 GC1220 VP15TF GC1020 K20

PR510 PR905

CP200 CP250

TN6415 TN6435 TN6520 TN6525

K20

GH130 K30

VP10RT VP20RT VP15TF

ACK300 GC1220 GC1020 P20

JX1045 CY250 CY25

JC5015 JC5080

CP500

KC5025 KC5525 KU25T

IC228 IC308 IC950 IC1008

IN1030 IN2030 IN2035

TT9030 TT6290 TT9030 TT8030

TN6435 TN6525 TN6540

WXK25 CTP2440 WXK35

Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

15 46

Grades (1-1)

TAC Inserts (negative) (2-42)

TAC Inserts (positive) (2-96)

Relating Pages

Technical Reference

Grade Comparison Charts


PVD Coated Grades
Application code N01 N10 DS1100 DS1200 Tungaloy Mitsu- Sumitomo Electric Sandvik Kyocera bishi Hard Material
Metal

Hitachi Tool

Dijet

NTK

Seco Tool

Kennametal

Iscar

Ingersoll TaeguTec

Widia

Walter

Ceratizit

DL1000 DL1000 GCN20D K20 GC1020 GCN20D K20 GC1020 VP05RT AC510U PR915

SD5010 JC10000 PCS08M JC20000 CY100H

UC2

F15M F17M

Non-ferrous

N20 AH110 S01 AH710 AH905 AH120 AH905 S10 AH730 SH730
Superalloys

F15M F17M

KC5010 KC5410 KC5510 KU10T KC5025 KC5525 KU25T

IC520

TT6030

TN6501 HCK10 TN6403 TN6502

WXN10 WXN15 WXK15 WXN15 CTP2120 WXK15 CTP2440 WXN20 WXK35

IC808 IC908

IN2005

TT6030 TT8020

PCS08M JC5003 PTH13S PCS08M JC8015 PTH13S JC5015 CP200 CP250 KC5010 KC5510 KU10T KC510M KC5025 KC5525 KU25T KC522M KC5025 KC5525 KU25T

IC507 IC907 IC507 IC903 IC907 IC300 IC808 IC908 IC928 IC3028 IC228 IC328 IC928 IC3028 IC903 IC507 IC903 IC907 IC808 IC908 IC1008 IC808 IC908 IC1008 IN2006 TT5030 TN6010 CM40 SR226

S20

VP05RT AC510U GC1005 GC1025 VP10RT GC1105 VP20RT VP15TF VP10RT AC520U GC1025 VP20RT GC1030 VP15TF GC1125

PR915

PR915

PCS08M JC8015 PTH13S JC5015

CP250 CP500 F40M

IN2005 IN2006 IN1030 IN2035 IN2005 IN1030 IN2035

TT5030 TT8020 TT8030

TN6025

CM45 WSM30 WXK35 CTP2440 WXM35 GM127

VP15TF S30

GC2030

CP500 F40M

TT8020 TT8030

TN6025

WSM30 CTP2135 WXP40 CTP2235 WXK35 WXP45 WXM35 WXH15 WXK15

H01 AH710 AH110 AH120 H10 SH730 AH120


Hard Materials

VP15TF

AC503

GC1010 GC1020

JC8003 BH200 JC8003 PTH08M JC8008 JC8015 BH200 JX1005 LC8015 CP200

VP15TF

AC503

H20

GC1020 GC1025 GC1025 GC1030 GC1125

KC5010 KC5510 KU10T KC635M KC635M

IN2006

TT6030 TT6060 TT1040 TT6290 TT6060 TT9080 TT6290 TT9030 TT9080

TN2505 TN2505

IN2005 IN1530

TN2525

WXH15 WXK15

F30M

H30

Cermet/Coated Cermet Grades


Application code P01 NS520 GT730 GT530 P10 Tungaloy Mitsu- Sumitomo Electric Sandvik Kyocera bishi Hard Material
Metal

Hitachi Tool MZ1000 MZ1000 CH550 MZ2000

Dijet

NTK

Seco Tool

Kennametal KT315

Iscar

Ingersoll TaeguTec

Widia

Walter

Ceratizit

AP25N AP25N NX2525

T110A T1200A T2000Z T250A CT5015 GC1525

Steel

GT730 NS730 GT530 P20 NS530

AP25N NX2525 NX3025

T1200A T2000Z T250A

GC1525

TN6020 PV7020 TN6020 TN60 TN90 PV7020 PV60 PV90 TN6020 TN60 TN90 PV7020 PV60 PV90

LN10 LN10 CX50 PX75

Q15 T3N CM CMP C15M

KT315

IC520N IC20 IC520N IC530N IC20N IC30N IC75T IC520N IC530N IC20N IC30N IC75T IC530N IC30N

IN0560 IN0560 IN60C CT3000 CT5000 TT115 TT125 WCE10

CZ25 CH550 MZ2000 CH7030

CX50 CX75 PX75 PX90

T3N T15 C7Z

C15M

KT530M KT605M HT7

IN60C

CT3000 CT5000

TT125

WCE10

Technical Reference

NS740 P30 NS520 M10

VP45N NX4545

T3000Z

CT530

CZ25 MZ3000 CH7035 TN6020 TN60 TN90 PV7020 PV60 PV90 TN6020 TN90 PV7020 PV60 PV90 MZ1000 CH550

NX2525 AP25N

T250A

GC1525

CX75 PX75 PX90 CX99 LN10 CX75 PX75

N40 C7X

IN60C

CT5000

T3N T15 Z15 Q15

CM CMP

KT315

IC520N IC530N IC20N IC30N

IN0560

CT3000

Stainless

GT730 NS730 M20 NS530

NX2525 AP25N NX3035

T250A

CT530

CZ25 MZ2000 CH7030

CX75 PX75 PX90 CX99 PX90 CX99

Q15

C15M

KT530M KT605M HT7

IC530N IC30N

CT3000 CT5000

15

NS740 M30 K01 NS520

NX4545

GT730 K10 NS730 NS530


Cast lron

AP25N NX2525 AP25N NX2525 AP25N NX2525

T110A T110A CT5015 TN60

K20

CZ25 MZ3000 CH7035 CZ25 MZ1000 CZ25 MZ1000 CH550 CZ25 CH7030 MZ3000 CH7035

CT5000

Q15 Q15 T3N T15

KT315 KT315 CT3000 CT3000 CT5000

KT530M HT7

Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
Grades (1-1) TAC Inserts (negative) (2-42) TAC Inserts (positive) (2-96)

Relating Pages

15 47

Technical Reference

Grade Comparison Charts


Ceramics Grades
Application code LX11 LX21 CX710 FX105 K10
Cast lron

Tungaloy

Mitsu- Sumitomo Electric Sandvik Kyocera bishi Hard Material


Metal

Hitachi Tool

Dijet

NTK

Seco Tool

Kennametal KY1310 KY1615 KY1310 KY1615 KY3400

Iscar

Ingersoll TaeguTec

Widia

Walter

Ceratizit

K01

NB90S NB90M

CC620 CC650

KA30 A66N A66N KS500

NS260C CC6090 NS260

K20

FX105 CX710

KS500

HC1 HW2 SE1 HC1 HW2 SE1 WA1 HC7 SP2 SX1 SX6 SX9

SC10

IN70N SC10

AW20 AB30 AS10 AB30 AS10

CW2015

CW2015 CW5025

CTN3105 TCM10 TCM407 WSN10 CTM3110 CTN3105 TCM10 TSM20 WSN10 CTM3110 TSM30 TSM20

KY3400 KY3500 KY4300 KY1525 KY2100 KY1525 KY1540 KY2100 KY4300 KY4400 KY1615 KY4400

IN70N SC10

AS10

CW5025

S01 WX120
Superalloys

CC650

S10 LX11 NB100C CC6050 CC650 NB100C CC650 A65 A66N A65 A66N

WA1 SX9

AS20

AS20

TSM20 TSM30

H01 H10

Hard Materials

ZC4 ZC7 HC4 HC7 WA1

AW20 AB2010 AB20 AB30

AW20

CW2015

AB2010 CW2015 AB20 AB30

Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

15

Technical Reference

15 48

Grades (1-1)

TAC Inserts (negative) (2-42)

TAC Inserts (positive) (2-96)

Relating Pages

Technical Reference

Grade Comparison Charts


PCBN and PCD Grades
Application code K01 BX930 BX870 BX470 BX480 BX950 BXC90
Cast lron

Tungaloy

Mitsu- Sumitomo Electric Sandvik Kyocera bishi Hard Material


Metal

Hitachi Tool

Dijet

NTK

Seco Tool

Kennametal KB9610

Iscar

Ingersoll TaeguTec

Widia

Walter

Ceratizit

MB710 MB710 MB730

BN500 BN600 BN700 BN7500

CB7050 KBN65B CB7050 KBN65B BH200 JBN795

B22 B22

KB90 IB05S IB10S KB90A

KB90 KB90A

PB170 PB300 PB100 PB250

WCB80 WCB10 WCB80

TA100 TA120 TA210

KD120 CBN200 KB9640 CBN300


CBN300P CBN400C

K10

KD120

MB730 MBS140 CB5030

BNS800

KBN65B KBN900

BH250

B16

CBN200 KB9640 CBN300


CBN300P CBN400C

IB90

K20

BX90S

BX90S CB5030 S01 BX950 MB730 BN600 BX470 MB4020 BN700 S10 Superalloys BX480 BXM10 MBC010 BNC100 H01 BX310 MB810

K30

BXC90

MBS140 BNS800

KBN900 KBN65B JBN795

B16 B22

CBN350 KB9640 KB90 KB90A KB50 KB90 KB90A KB50 PB170 PB100 PB250 PB170 WCB30

CBN10 CB20 KBN10B B24 CBN100 CBN10 KB9610 CBN100


CBN050C

IB05S IB10S IB50 IB10HC KB9610 IB50 IB55 IB10H IB10HC IB20H IB25HA

TA210

BNC160 CB7050 KBN10N BH200 JBN245 B24

BNX10 BXM10 MBC020 BNC160 CB7050 KBN510 BX330 BX530 H10 MB8025 BNC200 CB7015 KBN525M BN250

CBN10 CBN100 CBN150 CBN200 CBN300


CBN050C CBN160C

KB50 TB650

PB100 PB250 PB300

WCB30 WCB50 WCB80

Hard Materials

CBN300P CBN400C

BXM20 MBC020 BNC200 CB7015 KBN510 BX360 H20 BC8020 MB8025 MB825 BN250 BNX20 BNX25 CB7025 KBN25B KBN25M KBN25N KBN525

BH250

JBN300 JBN330

B36

CBN150 KB5625 CBN200 CBN300 CBN350


CBN160C CBN300P CBN400C

IB20H IB25HC

TB650

TB650

WCB80

BXM20 MBC020 BNC300 CB7025 KBN525 H30 BXC50 BX380 DX160 DX180 DX140 DX120 DX110 BC8020 MB835 MD205 MD205 MD220 MD220 MD230 MD230 BN350 BNX25 DA90 DA150 DA2200 DA1000 DA2200 DA1000 CD10 CD10 CD10 KPD010 KPD010 KPD001 KBN900

JBN300 JBN330 JDA30 JDA735 JDA40 JDA745 JDA715 JDA10

B36

CBN350 KB5625 KB9640 KD120 KD1405

IB25HC

N01 N10 N20


Non-ferrous

ID5 ID5

IN90D IN90D IN90D KP500 KP300 KP100 PD100 PD50

WCD10 CTD4125 WCD10 CTD4125 CTD4110 WCD10 CTD4205

PD1 PD1

PCD05 PCD10 PCD05 PCD20 PCD30 PCD30M

KD100 KD100

Technical Reference

N30

Note: The above charts are based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

15

Grades (1-1)

TAC Inserts (negative) (2-42)

TAC Inserts (positive) (2-96)

Relating Pages

15 49

Technical Reference

Grade Comparison Charts


Uncoated Cemented Carbide Grades
Application code P01 P10 P20 UTi20T UTi20T P30
Steel

Tungaloy

Mitsu- Sumitomo Electric Sandvik Kyocera bishi Hard Material


Metal

Hitachi Tool

Dijet

NTK

Seco Tool

Kennametal

Iscar

Ingersoll TaeguTec

Widia

Walter

Ceratizit

ST10P ST20E A30 A30N ST40E

SMA H10F SM30 H10F PW30

WS10 EX35 EX35 EX40 EX45

SRT SRT SR20 DX30 DX35 DX35

KM1 KM3

P10 K125M TTM GK K600 TTR G13

IC50M IC70 IC28 IC50M IC54 IC28 IC54

P10 P20 P30

TTX TTM TTM TTR TTR S40T S40T

UX30 TX40

P40 M01

TU10 M10 TU20 M20


Stainless

U10E EH510 UTi20T U2 EH520

H10A

WA10B

UMN

KM1

890

K313

IC20 IC07

IN05S

M10

TTX

H13A

EX35

DX25

KM3

HX 883

K68 KMF K125M

IC08 IC20 IC07 IC08 IC28 IC08 IC28

IN05S IN30M

M20

TTM

CTW7120 H210T

UX30 M30 M40 K01 TH03 KS05F TH10 G1F

UTi20T

A30 A30N

H10F SM30

EX40 EX45 EX45 WH05

UMS

TTM GK K600

IN30M

TTM TTR

HTi05T HTi10

H2 H1 H1 EH10 EH510 H10 KW10

UM40 KG03 FB05 KG10 KT9 CR1 KM1 890

TTR G13 K605 K313 K110M THM KM3 890 HX 883 THM-U K715 KMF K600 THR G13 K605

IN30M

M40

TTR

S40T

WH10

IC20

IN04S IN10K

K10

THM THM-F THM-U

H210T H216T H10T CTW7120 H210T H216T H10T

K10

G2F
Cast lron

UTi20T

G10E EH20 EH520

H13A H10F

KW10 GW25

WH20

FB10 KG20 FB15

IC20

IN04S IN10K IN15K IN30M IN15K IN30M IN30M

K20

THM THR

K20

G2 KS15F KS20 G3 UTi20T

K30 K40 N01

G10E

H13A H10F

GW25

KG30 FB20

883

THR

KS05F TH10 HTi10

H2 H1 EH10 EH510

H10 H10 H10F

KW10 KW10 WH10 KT9 CR1 KM1 890 HX KX

IC20 IC08 IC20 IC28 IC08 IC20 IC28 IN15K IN30M IC20 IC07 IC08 IC20 IC07 IC08 IC20 IN04S IN10K IN10K IN15K K20 THM THR WK1 WMG30 K10 THM IN04S IN05S IN10K IN10K IN15K K20 K10 HWK10 HWK15 THM THM-U HWK15 THM THR THR WK1 WK10 WMG30 WK40 WMG30 WK1 H210T H216T H10T CTW7120 H210T H216T H10T IN15K IN30M THR WK40 WMG30 WK1 WK10 H210T H216T H10T CTW7120 H210T H216T H10T

K313 K110M THM THM-U K715 KMF K600 G13 THR K10 K313 THM K715 KMF

N10

KS15F
Non-ferrous

G10E EH20 EH520

H10F H13A

WH20

KT9 CR1

KM3

H15 890 HX KX 883 883 H25

N20

Technical Reference

N30 S01 KS05F S10 TH10 KS15F S20


Superalloys

RT9005 RT9005 RT9010 RT9010 TF15

EH10 EH510 EH20 EH520

H10 H10A H10F H13A

KW10

WH10

KG10 FZ05

KM1

890 883

KW10

WH20

KG20

KM3

890 883 H25

KS20

15
S30 H01 H10 H20 TH03 TH10
Hard Materials

TF15

883

G13 K600 THR

IC28 IC07 IC08 IC20 IC20

H1 H13A

KG03 FZ05 FZ15

890 HX 883

IN10K IN15K

K10

THM THM

Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

15 50

Grades (1-1)

TAC Inserts (negative) (2-42)

TAC Inserts (positive) (2-96)

Relating Pages

Technical Reference

Chipbreaker Comparison Charts


Negative inserts
Application code Precision nishing TF, 01

Tungaloy

Mitsubishi Material PK

Sumitomo Electric Hard Metal

Hitachi Kyocera Sandvik Tool


FE PF,QF LC MF AB, CT, BH

Kennametal
FF FN

Dijet

Iscar

TaeguTec Widia

Walter

Ceratizit

FA

DP,XP CF HQ, GP VF XQ CJ WP, WQ

PF UA, FT UR, UT

SF NF No sign

FA FG EA,SF AP 4 NF3 NF4 TFQ CF

TS, TSF FH, SY, FY FP, FL, SE ZF 11, 17, NS FS,C LU, SU, SK AS SH AFW, ASW 27,NM CB C SW, MW SA LUW, GUW SP

CE WF, WM, WR, WMX BE FW,MW, RW WF, WG WS, WT EA

Finishing and light cutting

FW, MW

NF

CQ

NM

R/L-1G, R/L-K R/L-F, R/L-FS

ST, C

C, R/LF

Steel

TM

MV, MZ, MA, MP MH MP

UG, UU, GE GS, HS, PS

PM, QM

AE, AY, AH

PG,UB, GN GNP

TF, PP, GN

MT

48

NM6, NS8

TMF

Medium cutting

DM, ZM, 37, 38 33, All-round TH

UX, GU, GE CS, HK, XS UA All-round GC, All-round GT, HT, PT, PH

SM R/L-K

MN AH Y, V

All-round UM, UZ, MC GH MU,MX UZ

Medium to heavy cutting

PR(P) MR

RE AR TE, UE

RN, RP MG RM

GG,UD

TNM, NR

ET

49

NM6, NM9 NM5, NM9

TMQ

TU Heavy cutting

HZ, HX, HV, HA HAS, HBS, HCS HDS, HXD MS FS

MP, HG, HP

HX, PX

PR (P)

UC

NM, HR

HT

NR5, NR6

TR

57

MR

RH

Without chipbreaker

NR7

65 Finishing and light cutting Medium cutting Heavy cutting Finishing SS

HR,QR SU GU MQ MF(M) 23

HX,HE SE FP SF NF4

S
Stainless

ES, 2G MA

EX, UP, UG MU, MM, GU MP, HG, HP

ST MS, HU, MU MM, QM MR (M) QR, HR KF Without chipbreaker KM

DE AH

MP, P

SG

TF, PP

VF MP ET HT MT NM4 NR4 NR5, NM9 M42

SM TH TU CF

SR

SH

FX, FY

All-round, C

Y, V

FN

Medium cutting
Cast lron

CM, All-round All-round, 33

UM, UX, GZ

ZS

AE

UM, P

MG

NM5

TMR

Technical Reference

CH Heavy cutting Cutting of non-ferrous metals Without chipbreaker P

Without MU, UZ, MM chipbreaker

GC Without chipbreaker

QM KR (K) MR QR 23 QM 23 MF, SR SM (NMX)

RE Without chipbreaker

RP, MG RM

GG Without chipbreaker

GN

RT Without chipbreaker

UP, FY, GX

A3 AH

R/L

MS, MP MG FS, LF K, GP, P MG-MS, UP

PP MP, SU PP SU MP SM NM4 M52

Non-ferrous

Superalloys

Cutting of heat resisting alloy

HMM, SA SM

MS ES FJ, MJ, GJ

FY, FX, SU EX, UP MU

SU

15

Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

TAC Inserts (negative) (2-42)

Relating Pages

15 51

Technical Reference

Chipbreaker Comparison Charts


Positive inserts
Application code Precision nishing 01 PSF, PF PS, PSS Finishing and light cutting FV, SQ, SV MV Mitsubishi Material
Sumitomo Electric Hard Metal

Tungaloy

Kyocera

Sandvik

Hitachi Tool

Kennametal
UF 11, GM LF

Dijet

Iscar

TaeguTec

Widia

Walter Ceratizit

FC, FW

CF UF, PF, WF PF(MF) PM(MM) UM R/L-K

No sign JQ JE JQ

SF FT PF SM, 14, 17 19, XL R/L RF, LF No sign DT, HQ FA FG

2 41 PF4 PS5 FN SMF, SF

W08 ~ 20

FP, FZ, LU XP, GP, DP FK, SS, SC HQ, XQ, VF SU, SK, SF US R/L, R/L-FD W, SD R/L R/L-FS, R/L-MV FX, FY A, B, C, H, Y

GF

PM

R/L-F, R/L-L No sign RR, RBS

SU, MU

HQ

Steel

Medium cutting

23 24

UJ SC (except for G-class inserts)

GP, DP All-round (No sign)

PM, PR UM, UR WM 53 No mark

MF FW, MW

MT

PM5

SMQ

JE

G All-round RS 61 High-feed,
small depth of cut cutting

No sign No sign

RP

No mark No mark

All-round RG WE

GG No sign 14

MT No sign

43 No sign

J08 ~ 10 Turning on small lathes JRP, JSP, JPP JS PSF, SS PSS Finishing
Stainless

R/L-SR, R/L-SN R/L-SS SMG FV

F, J, U, CK FSF, USF, JSF CF, GF GQ

R/L-F

MF, MM ALU, MM1

GF, GW

CM Cutting of cast Without irons chipbreaker


Cast lron

ASF FT, ACB KF, WF GM, LF KM, WN MF Without chipbreaker KR Without Without Without Without Without Without KF, R/L-K. chipbreaker chipbreaker chipbreaker chipbreaker chipbreaker chipbreaker KM Without chipbreaker AZ AG, AW AH UM, KR AL GT-HP

FG

41

PF4

F23

19

MT Without chipbreaker

PS5, PM5
Without chipbreaker

SM

AL Cutting of nonferrous metals Read type

AS

FL

AL1, AL2, AL3

PM2

23P, 25Q

Non-ferrous

R/L-F R/L

FY

A3

Technical Reference

Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

15

15 52

TAC Inserts (positive) (2-96)

Relating Pages

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