Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Urinary Tract
Key Points and Items to Review
Ditropan (oxybutynin) can be used for both bladder spasm and enuresis. Pyridium (phenazopyridine) is commonly used as an analgesic in UTIs. Proscar (finasteride) is often used short-term before corrective prostate surgery, and is also commonly prescribed to treat BPH (benign prostatic hypertrophy) on a more long-term basis. Enuresis: pages 590-591explain the role of desmopressin in treating enuresiswhat is enuresis? Is it true that the sulfonamide class of urinary antiseptics are the drugs of choice (aka first-line agents) for treating urinary tract infections? page 588 Aldactone (spironolactone) is in what diuretic drug class? (pg 567) Diuretic therapy can deplete certain electrolytes (like potassium or sodium)- review page 565, and pages 584 through 587. See Table 27-6 (pg 564-568) for a full listing of Brand and generic names of the loop diuretics and the thiazide diuretics.
Here are some sample calculations to practice with 450 ml is equal to how many liters (L)? *key fact* 1L=1000ml This can be written in RATIO form as either 1L/ 1000ml or 1000 ml/ L
1-teaspoon is equal to 5-ml, therefore 10-ml would be equivalent to how many teaspoons? *key fact* 1tsp=5ml (written as a RATIO either 1 tsp/ 5 ml or 5 ml /tsp) Now, multiply as follows 10ml x 1tsp = (10ml)(1tsp) = (10)(1) = 10 = 2 tsp (the ml units cancel) 5ml 5ml 5 5 What is a 120 pound(lb) patients weight when converted to kilograms (kg)? *key fact* 1kg = 2.2lbs (in RATIO form as either 1 kg/ 2.2 lb or 2.2 lb/ kg) Now, multiply as follows 120 lb x 1kg = 2.2lb 120 = 54.5 kg (the lb units cancel out) 2.2
0.5 g (grams) = ? mg (milligrams) *key fact* 1g=1000mg (in RATIO form, either 1 g/ 1000 mg or 1000 mg/ g) Now, multiply 0.5 g x 1000 mg = (0.5g)(1000mg) = 500 = 500mg (g units cancel out) 1g 1g 1
Endocrine (Diabetes/Insulin/Thyroid)
Drug and Hormone Facts
Parathyroid hormone helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates hydrocortisone secretion.
Familiarize yourself with antidiabetic drug classes (and drug names) found in Table 21-9 (pg 424 426) and Table 21-10 (pg 429). Look at the primary goal of insulin pump therapy, found on page 423. Carefully look over the different types of Insulin (immediate, short, medium & long acting) which can be found in table 21-8 on page 421. NPH 70/30 is a mixture of which two types of insulin? (pg 422) Is glucagon a HYPERglycemic or a HYPOglycemic agent? (pg 431) Is metformin processed by the liver or the kidneys? (pg 429) Is tolbutamide (Orinase) a first-generation or a second-generation sulfonylurea? (pg 425) Byetta is a relatively new antidiabetic agent that is rather unique. What is its route of administration? (pg 426) Janumet is a combination drug, meaning that it has 2 different active ingredients. What are the names of these two drugs? (pg 426) See pages 408 & 409 for a description of the anterior pituitary glands role in thyroid function Do mineralocorticoids play a role in regulating iron levels in the blood? (see pg 415)