Values Defined Pinetreeweb.

com defined values as those things that really matter to each of us the ideas and beliefs we hold as special. Caring for others, for example, is a value; so is the freedom to express our opinions. While some ancient philosophers concluded that values are important beliefs but not all are ethical, some are neutral or non-ethical. Other definitions states that values concern things we regard as having ultimate importance, significance or worth. More abstractly, the term often refers to a set of principles, standards or beliefs concerning these things (progressiveliving.org). Another definition narrates values as beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something). A more conservative definition of values states that it is those that are sacred core convictions that people have about how they must behave themselves in the fulfillment of ones mission in life. Some values are physiologically determined and are normally considered objective, such as a desire to avoid physical pain or to seek pleasure. Other values are considered subjective, vary across individuals and cultures, and are in many ways aligned with belief and belief systems. It is debated whether some values which are not clearly physiologically determined are intrinsic such as altruism and whether some, such as acquisitiveness, should be classified as vices or virtues. Values have been studied in sociology, anthropology,social psychology, moral philosophy, and business ethics (wikipedia.com).

Values may be defined as wide array of preferences focused on appropriate courses of action or outcomes. In connection to this, values then magnifies a person's sense of right and wrong or what "ought" to be. "Equal rights for all", "Excellence deserves admiration", and "People should be treated with respect and dignity" are all exemplifies a value. Values are connected to attitudes and behavior. For example, if you value equal rights for all and you go to work for an organization that treats its managers much better than it does its workers, you may form the attitude that the company is an unfair place to work; consequently, you may not produce well or may perhaps leave the company. It is likely that if the company had a more egalitarian policy, your attitude and behaviors would have been more positive. Values are the basic notion of what is right and what is wrong, and they are fairly constant over time. Attitudes are an evaluation you make about something. Attitudes have three components: A cognitive component, which is based on your values, an affective component, which is how you feel about something and a behavioral component, which is how you act about something Cognitive dissonance is a conflict between two values or between values and behavior. To understand peoples behavior, you need to understand their values and attitudes. People who are truly successful in life seem to have one thing in common, a positive mental. A positive attitude can overcome many shortcomings in ability or experience. Too often people become discouraged by the difficult situations that confront their life.

Types, Characteristics, Qualities, Properties and Classifications of Values According to Morris Massey, a US sociologist and a graduate of the University of Texas, Austin for his MBA and Louisiana State University for his Ph.D said that humans are not born with values. So then, how do people develop their values? Morris Massey said, there are three periods during which values are developed as people grow which he calls the Period of Development and these are, The Imprint Period, The Modeling Period and The Socialization Period. The Imprint Period happens during the age of seven wherein they are like sponges, absorbing everything around us and accepting much of it as true, especially when it comes from their parents. The problem with this period is when they develop the confusion and the blind belief of this period that can also lead to the early formation of trauma and other deep problems that in the future may lead to more serious problems that could be familial or social. The highlight of this period is the achievement of a sense of right and wrong, good and bad. This is a human construction which nevertheless often assume would exist even if we they are not there and symbolically shows our imprinted value system. The second period is the Modeling Period, this Between the ages of eight and thirteen, humans copy people, often their parents, but also others. Instead of the blind

acceptance of their parents values, children during this period try to wear the suit of their parents and see how they feel and how they look. Children at this age may

become more entised with religion and or their teachers. Events surrounding this period would be a child or pupil being influenced by their grade school teachers who seem so knowleadgeable even more then their parents or pria,ry caregivers. The third period is the Socialization Period that takes place between 13 and 21. The person become more largely influenced by their peers. As they develop as individuals and look for ways to get away from the earlier programming they would focus on to people they like so much.Some other influences at these ages include the media, especially those parts which seem to resonate with our the values of our peer groups. The second period is the period of Becoming principled that is essentially divided into the stages of Pre-moral, Conventional and Principled. In the pre-moral state, humans have no real values thus they are referred to as 'amoral'. Example of those are young children are premoral. The fundamental praxis of this period emanates from a Machiavellian principle which is doing whatever it takes to achieve the goals, even if it means hurting other people. The second stage of Conventional states that most people have conventional values, as learned from their parents, teachers and peers. There are basic rules to live in reasonable harmony with other people in a social context. Humans tend to follow them just so long as they think they need to. The nature of humans is to break the values occasionally, and especially if their needs are threatened or that breaking away with it may not be known to others.

The last stage of this period is the Principled. When humans become principled, they believe values to the point that it becomes an integral and subconscious part of their personality. Right and wrong are absolute things beyond the person, for example as defined by a religion. The ultimates challenges of being a principled person is sticking to their value system in whaetever way and even will sacrifice themselves rather than breaking their principles.

Factors The way we talk and deal with other people and the world as a whole is a result of the diverse social, economic and cultural factors. From social values, class segregation and laws to religious beliefs, politics and the media, such factors influence how we perceive ourselves as well as those around us. Such factors provide us with our view of the self, our view of others and our world view. During the twentieth century major changes in social, economic and cultural factors have reshaped and redefined the concepts of family, love, sexuality and friendship. The increasingly secular nature of society, the sexual revolution, and the industrialization of the social economy all played a role in changing attitudes and beliefs with respect to family, love and sexuality, and friendship in the twentieth century and until today. Perhaps nowhere is this more evident than with respect to love and sexuality. Erich Fromm argues that changes in attitudes and beliefs in regard to sexuality stem from the tendency to confuse sex and love. Fromm argues thaterotic love encompasses an exclusivity not found in fraternal or motherly love.

A value system is a set of consistent values and measures. A principle value is a foundation upon which other values and measures of integrity are based.