Sports

Table of contents
Executive summary .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 1 Background .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 1.1 1.2 2 Sports sector In India ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Skill Gap study ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 About this document ............................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Inventory of sports ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 2.2 2.3 Approach to identify high impact sports ............................................................................................................................................... 10 Building inventory of sports.................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Performance in High Impact Sports ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
Information base and analysis.................................................................................................................................................................. 14 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.3 Research methodology ........................................................................................................................................................................ 14 Stakeholder responses ........................................................................................................................................................................ 15 National Sports Federations ............................................................................................................................................... 15 Government Sports Institutions .......................................................................................................................................... 16 Training Institutions ............................................................................................................................................................ 16 Other stakeholders ............................................................................................................................................................. 17 Leading practices ................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
4 5 6
Skill classification ................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Manpower requirements .......................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Supply constraints................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 6.1 1.2 No takers of sport ................................................................................................................................................................................ 34 Gaps in skill quality ............................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Demand supply gap and resource requirement for bridging ........................................................................................................................ 37 7.1 7.2 Demand supply gap............................................................................................................................................................................. 37 Resource requirement for bridging demand-supply gap ........................................................................................................................ 38
Key recommendations ............................................................................................................................................................................. 40 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Bring about a change in attitude .......................................................................................................................................................... 40 Include sports in education.................................................................................................................................................................. 41 Define competencies (skills) in sports .................................................................................................................................................. 42 Develop elite sports institutions ........................................................................................................................................................... 42 Key action points for NSDC .................................................................................................................................................................. 43 Concept for sports sector skill council .................................................................................................................................................. 43
Annexure I: Inventory of sports ................................................................................................................................................................................ 46 Annexure II: Profiling of high impact sports ............................................................................................................................................................. 71
Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report
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Abbreviations
AIU AMC CAPEX CBSE LNCPE LNUPE MoHFW MoHRD MoYAS NIS NISG NSF NSDC NSTC OPEX PYKKA SAG SAI SGFI SSC TRP All India Universities Annual Maintenance Cost Capital Expenditure Central Board of Secondary Examination Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Ministry of Human Resource Development Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports National Institution of Sports National Institution of Smart Government National Sports Federation National Skill Development Corporation National Sports Talent Contest Operating Expenditure Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan Special Area Games Scheme Sports Authority of India School Games Federation of India Sector Skill Council Target Rating Point
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List of figures
Figure 1: Performance in 2008 Olympics .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 2: Imbalance between skill supply and demand .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 3: High Impact Sports Identifications Framework .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 4: Geographical spread of performance and supply ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 5: Research Base Addressing the sports ecosystem ................................................................................................................................... 14
List of figures
Table 1: Report chapters .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Table 2: Parameters for High Impact sports identification........................................................................................................................................ 11 Table 3: High Impact Sports ................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Table 4: High Impact Sports ................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Table 5: Purpose of play ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Table 6: Unit for measuring demand ....................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Table 7: Sport need base........................................................................................................................................................................................ 26 Table 8: Demand for activity ................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Table 9: Demand for sports .................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Table 10: Demand for managed sports ................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Table 11: Coaching span ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 29 Table 12: Framework for demand estimation .......................................................................................................................................................... 30 Table 13: Demand for coaches ............................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Table 14: Demand for sports coaches in 2012 (sport-wise) ..................................................................................................................................... 32 Table 15: Demand for support personnel by 2012 (end) .......................................................................................................................................... 33 Table 16: Training investment estimations .............................................................................................................................................................. 40 Table 17: Conceptual plan Sports sector skill council ........................................................................................................................................... 45
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Executive summary
Objective It has been widely evidenced that skill development is one of the critical factors providing push to any particular sector or economy. India is set to follow pursuit and has set a target of skilling/ upskilling 500 million people by 2022. For National Skill Development Corporation, established to facilitate the development and upgrading of the skills of the growing Indian workforce, one of the action points toward achievement of its objectives includes conducting in-depth research to discover skill gaps in the Indian workforce in a particular sector or geography. Sports is a unique sector as skill development here will have a larger impact, not only towards employment generation and growth in GDP but also affecting our society positively. Given Indias best-ever haul of six medals at London Olympics, there could not have been a more opportune time for undertaking a skill gap study for the sports sector in India. This study attempts at providing actionable recommendations for bridging the skill gap, resulting in perhaps a fair shot at an increased medals tally at the 2020 Olympics.
Methodology In the last 9 months, extensive consultation with key stakeholders has been undertaken with the twin objective of identifying key issues with the current workforce and discussing the possible interventions. More than 50 focused discussions were held in this duration with decision makers at MoYAS, SAI, NSFs, AIU, FICCI, MoHRD, NIOS and NCTE. Secondary sources have also contributed to this research, including learning from experiences of many organizations contributing to development in sports. Identifying international leading practices in sports sector skilling/ upskilling and customizing a few to suit our local requirements has significantly contributed to this exercise. Case studies for sports sector skill council in UK and in Australia have also been drawn.
Skill classification The skill gap in the sports sector has been analyzed by classifying gaps into qualitative and quantitative aspect. While the former aspect covers identifying skill issues with the existing workforce, the latter looks at the number of personnel required to meet the demands from this sector. For elite sportspersons, performance is the measure of their skill and coaching is the most crucial input driving that performance. Through this study extensive effort has been made to identify skill issues with the current coaching workforce. The key issues relate to coaches not being able to get the right training starting from early years, no continuing education or exposure to leading practices in coaching worldwide and limited upskilling opportunities. At State level, it has also been felt that coaches have no set targets for their career progression and are unclear on the journey through which they need to take their students to success. Ignoring the importance of other skills that act as inputs to an athlete like physiotherapy, nutrition, medicine, psychology has been found to be another critical issue. Not only there are very few dedicated courses for formal education in these fields, inputs of these skilled personnel are missing in an athletes training schedule.
Manpower requirement With regards to the quantitative estimate of demand of workforce (to be compared with the supply in the system), it is understood that coaching skills is a representative measure of the skill requirement in the sector as it is used across all levels of sport, i.e. elite sports or sports for fitness/ leisure. Further, in a given day or week, different coaches would coach for a different number of hours. Therefore, the basis for making any such quantitative assessment is defined as coaching hours. This would also enable application of different coach:participant ratio across team and individual sports. For calculating the demand for coaching hours until 2022, a dynamic model has been developed backed by robust assumptions, given limited data availability. As a basis, the purpose of playing sports has been divided into fitness and excellence. For fitness, it is assumed that with development in sports sector each individual would be spending some minimum time each day on physical fitness, certain percentage of which should be for playing a sport. For excellence, five levels, from National to Block have been considered, as the amount of time which goes into getting coached reduces as
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we move down the chain. With this background, the total demand of sports support personnel, including coaches, nutritionists, physios, masseurs is estimated to be approx. 49billion hours, equivalent to around 0.8 million persons, in 2022.
Supply constraints Today there is limited emphasis on a childs nutrition, physical fitness or psychology. At school, inputs on these important areas of development are missing. Limited help is expected from a Physical Education teacher with no formal training in these fields. Further, the current education system is such that a child has to choose between sports or academics and that too not in an integrated curriculum regime. This problem continues throughout the teen years. If sports is chosen as the preferred field and for some reason, the individual is not able to reach elite levels, there are no career options left. Skill transferability is extremely low even in case of support personnel like coach, trainer or physio. Gaps in selection procedures and lack of optimum playing or training facilities are two reasons which further widen the skill gap. These reasons are a hindrance to creation of sports culture in India, which further, restricts the flow of funding, especially from the private sector, in this field.
Recommendations The recommendations, as an outcome of this study, attempt to address three broad issues related to skill demand-supply gap in the sports sector in India: Information asymmetry among the job seekers and employers, lack of institutional supply of skills (matching the quality and quantity demanded) and undefined (non-standardized) skills in the sports sector. With these concerns in consideration, following recommendations are being made, which shall require Government as well as private sector stakeholders to come together. 1. 2. 3. 4. Bring about a change in attitude Celebrating success of our stars, creating role models, marketing the concept of sports for fitness will widen the base of our pyramid increasing the talent pool for elite sports and attract investments from private sector. Include sports in education Sports need to be an integral part of complete education and performance of the child should be marked. Minimum level of fitness should be one of the evaluation criteria for promoting a student to the next level. Define competencies (skills) in sports This shall allow focused skilling i.e. physical education or elite sports or non-elite sports education, skills matching the occupational requirement and enable skill transferability across sports and across sectors. Establish elite sports institutions - These will provide world-class facilities for sportsperson development and for formal training in skills for coaches, masseurs, physios, nutritionists, trainers, sports psychologists, etc. To help the identified talent overcome the dilemma of choosing between academics and sports, he/ she should receive education (including vocational) in such elite sports institutions, with continued emphasis on a dual career.
Since most of the above activities would require concentrated efforts from experts from multiple areas like talent identification, player development, infra management, sports marketing, education, health, setup of a sports sector skill council is the need of the hour.
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1 Background
Skills and knowledge are the driving forces of economic growth and social development for any country. As the proportion of working age group of 15-59 years will be increasing steadily, India has the advantage of demographic dividend. Harnessing the demographic dividend through appropriate skill development efforts would provide an opportunity to achieve inclusion and productivity within the country and also a reduction in the global skill shortages. Large scale skill development is thus an imminent imperative. India has set a target of skilling/ up-skilling 500 million people by 2022. The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) is a first-of-its-kind public private partnership in India set up to facilitate the development and upgrading of the skills of the growing Indian workforce through focused programs. It also engages in advocacy and training programmes, in-depth research to discover skill gaps in the Indian workforce, and developing accreditation norms and occupational standards. Skill gap study in the sports sector in India is the context for this report. The broad objective is to define various skill sets involved in the sports sector, estimate demand and supply of these skills, conduct quantitative as well as qualitative analysis on the sports skill gap and suggest measures to bridge these gaps. This report is the final deliverable, as part of the engagement awarded to M/s. Ernst & Young Private Limited, represented by Mr. Guru Malladi, Partner, vide agreement dated 28 November 2011 by NSDC, which involves conducting the Skill Gap Study for the Sports Sector in India. The other two deliverables were Inception Report and Report on the Secondary and Primary Research. The scope of work for the study comprises profiling of different sports played in India, defining framework for identifying high impact sports, defining the requirements for manpower across the sport and in the support system, identifying supply constraints, mapping demand and supply gap, estimating training investment and requirement of trainers, and suggesting suitable, specific and actionable recommendations to address skill gap. The primary constraint for the study proved to be the limited availability of data and hence, most of the required manpower estimations were made on the basis of assumptions. It is suggested that the recommendations made in the report should be supported by an elaborate data collection and analysis exercise, including a public survey.
1.1
Sports sector In India

Sports sector must be nurtured and developed as it impact not only the GDP of a country and generates employment but also the social and general well being of the citizens. At an individual level non-competitive sports activity can directly help improve fitness levels while performance at competitive levels fetches pride to the nation. Sports events are also often used diplomatically to maintain or improve international relations. With this objective, a number of tournaments have been organized between India Pakistan, like the 1997 Friendship cup in cricket. At the Summer Olympic Games in 2008, the number of medals won by India were .003 per million, which when compared to another nation that are either more populous - China (.075 medals per million) or less developed Ethiopia (.088 medals per million), reveal the scope for improvement or potential for growth in the Indian sports sector 1. Some astounding facts and figures are represented in the diagram below.
Indiaget, set go; the evolving sports ecosystem in India by Ernst & Young - Trans Stadia, March 2010
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Figure 1: Performance in 2008 Olympics
Globally, ownership and governance of sports sector is a mix of private, public entities and sports federations functioning together. In India, the sports sector is largely under the purview of the public sector and various sports federations working closely with the Government. Although private sectors contribution in sports has been growing, it is still small and largely unorganized. Public Private Partnership, an evolved concept in other sectors like transport, is yet to make inroads in the sports sector for our country. Whether it is the Government taking initiatives for enhancing performance of our elite sportspersons or the private sector making business investments, the basic requirement is availability of skills, and more importantly right skills. Do we have the right quality and quantity of skills in the sector which could produce the desired output?
1.1
Skill Gap study

There could not have been a more opportune time for conducting a skill gap study for the sports sector in India when in Olympics 2012 on one side it was the best-ever haul of six medals and on the other, there is heightened interest in sports other than cricket. Any economy relies on the supply of adequate workforce for its various sectors to support growth and meet the demand for goods and services. Adequate workforce would mean number of willing people and at the same time, rightly skilled people. Therefore, workforce planning for a sector would require determining the skill requirements and in turn addressing the supply issues. Most prevalent skill supply issues, causing imbalance between supply and demand, have been depicted in the diagram below. Figure 2: Imbalance between skill supply and demand
This quantitative as well as qualitative imbalance between supply and demand results in vacancies, unemployment and underperformance for the sector.
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The skill demand component would comprise of two aspects, namely
f Quantitative required number of skilled individuals for the sector f Qualitative exact skills required by various jobs for optimal performance
This primary objective of this study is to identify these skill supply issues, estimate the skill requirement (demand) and recommend measures to address these issues and bridge the gap between demand and supply.
1.2 About this document

This report comprises the following chapters: Table 1: Report chapters
S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Chapter name Introduction Inventory of sports Information base and analysis Skill classification Manpower requirement Supply constraints Demand-supply gap and resource requirement for bridging Key recommendations Brief about the chapter Provides an overview about the scope of this report Sports which are expected to have a high impact on the skill scenario (creating skill demand) have been identified here Details the research methodology used for capturing stakeholder responses on skill gap and for identifying leading skill development practices in the sector Articulates the various types of competencies involved in the sector and classifies them from the perspective of skilling/ upskilling requirement Details the estimation (quantitative) of manpower requirement for sports skills in the country for 2012, 2017 and 2022 Highlights factors which impact supply of sports skills, in terms of quantity as well as quality issues Assesses demand-supply gap and resources (financial, infrastructure, manpower) needed to meet the manpower requirement Provides key action points to address existing sports skill gaps in the sector
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2 Inventory of sports
Secondary as well as primary research of Government and private sector sources/ stakeholders suggests that the approximate number of sports played in India is 155. These include sports which are played at national/ international level and also those which are played only at the rural level. For instance, Atya Patya or Kancha would be played upto the district level only, while these have no countrywide presence. In other words, many sports are not widely recognized at national level. Although, there might still be a skill gap in these sports as well, however the magnitude is limited. Such analysis would of course comprise current as well as potential demand. Therefore, it is important that the sports with High Impact on the skill demand be first considered for addressing the critical issues. Further, certain skill issues in the low impact sports will automatically get addressed if the skill gaps in high impact spots are bridged. This is due to the fact that there are some skills are common across many sports. The methodology used and parameters considered for arriving at the list of High Impact sports has been detailed below.
2.1 Approach to identify high impact sports

This section highlights the approach used to identify the final list of High Impact sports for India. This identification of the High Impact sports has been undertaken to develop a more focused approach using all available skills and resources for the development of certain sports, if not all. The evaluation of various parameters for identifying the High Impact Sports has been conducted in three main stages. We have identified a range of parameters that are important to the context of sports in India. An attempt was made to ensure that all these parameters impact the sport either in terms of
f f f f
Government emphasis on the sport, eg. mega events hosted by the Government, priority for the sport etc. Skill demand eg. number of courses in elite Government institutions, TRP etc. 234 Performance in the sport e.g. medals won, world rankings etc. Outreach & investments e.g. sports associations and key investors etc. 5
The three staged approach used for identification of the High Impact sports has been depicted hereunder: Figure 3: High Impact Sports Identifications Framework
Identification of Sports and Parameters (Deskt op Resear ch) Sport s Inventory
155
Parameter Application to Sports (Dat a

availabilit y)
High Impact Sports
All sport s on select paramet ers

Paramet er Ident if icat ion
12
Priorit y sport
Olympic/ Commonwealth/ Asian Games discipline Inter nat ional t our nament s (min. 20 countr ies par t icipating) Likely t o win medals
25
Indicat ing possible impact on skill (like Per for mance at Int l level, Exist ing federation, Inst itut ional supply, Pr ivat e investment et c.)
Sport s wit h maximum impact on demand for skills

(as per cur r ent plans & t r ends)
People preference, and hence at t ract ing invest ments (TRPs)
In the first stage, an inventory of parameters and sports was developed.
2 3 4 5
http://yas.nic.in/index.html TAM, Edelweiss research http://www.nsnis.org/ Individuals sport websites, Ernst & Young Research
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The list of these parameters was then checked for their applicability in identifying the High Impact Sports in India. Basis on the applicability of the parameters for identification of High Impact sports, the most pertinent parameters were picked and applied to all 155 identified sports in the second stage. Finally, at the third stage, the filtered list of 25 High Impact sports (both individual and team) is prepared by comparing the identified sports against the selected parameters.
2.2 Building inventory of sports

The first step towards short listing High Impact sports was to enlist the sports played in the country. This was accomplished mainly using secondary research wherein a list of 155 sports, played at national and local level, was compiled. Further, a total of four broad parameters were identified, which could be possibly applied to these 155 sports for short-listing sports which have a high impact on skills scenario. Given the limited availability of recent and credible data, it was eventually realized that only 2 parameters could be comprehensively applied across the 155 sports. This was mainly because each parameter had its own pros and cons, which have been briefly highlighted in the table below (Please refer Annexure I, for detailed information captured for the sports against
each parameter):
Table 2: Parameters for High Impact sports identification
S.No. 1. Factor If Indias performance is high, the adoption of the sport will be high Justification Representative Parameter Performance at international level World ranking Number of international level events
Captures key accolades won by India at various reputed tournaments in the sport, such as win at world cup, medals won at international level, eg. Olympics, Asian, Commonwealth Games
f
2. Due to large fan following - competitions, media and infrastructure get boost and hence does the skill demand
Captures the most recent World Rank in the sport for assessing the level of competence Number of instances where India has hosted reputed international level events
For example Hockey world cup in 1982 and 2010, Davis cup and Sunfeast open in Tennis, World Badminton championship
Availability of high quality infrastructure for the sport such as cycling velodrome at Indira Gandhi stadium in Delhi or the hockey facility at Major Dhyanchand stadium for Hockey
International level infrastructure Investment in sports
Investments for sport development depicting its perceived importance and interest level
For example IMG Reliances commercial partnership with All India Football Federation
Public interest in the sport in terms of gate (stadium) receipts or viewership
Media Target Rating Point (TRP) - CHOSEN PARAMETER
For example Badminton enjoyed viewership of 55 mn in 2010 (TAM, Edelweiss research)
Identification of major domestic competitions conducted in the respective sport
Domestic competitions
For example Tournaments like Santosh trophy and Subroto Mukherjee Cup are renowned tournaments in Domestic Football
Distribution of awards in various sports at the National level
National Awards
For example 4 awards namely Arjuna award, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratana, Dronacharya Award and Dhyan Chand Award were considered
This attempts to show the demand/ supply for the sport
Sports courses offered by reputed sports institutions
For example Sports courses offered in institutions like NIS, LNCPE etc. were
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S.No.
Factor
Justification
Representative Parameter
considered
3. Government focus (investments) 4. Existence of a governing body depicting the importance accorded to a sport in India and therefore, the important from upskilling perspective Does the sport under evaluation have an apex body governing the sport in the country MoYAS priority for various sports (A/B/C) 6 Ministry of Youth Affair and Sports (MoYAS) Priority CHOSEN PARAMETER Indian associations/ federations
2.3 Performance in High Impact Sports

Applying the two chosen parameters on the list of 155 sports, the following 25 High Impact sports were shortlisted: Table 3: High Impact Sports
1. 4. 7. 10. 13. 16. 19. 22. 25. Archery Basketball Cricket (Men / Women) Equestrian sports Golf Motorsports Swimming Tennis Wrestling (Greco-Roman) 2. 5. 8. 11. 14. 17. 20. 23. Athletics Billiards & snooker Chess Field hockey (Men & Women) Judo Rowing Table Tennis Yachting 3. 6. 9. 12. 15. 18. 21. 24. Badminton Boxing Cycling Football Kabbadi Shooting Taekwando Weightlifting
As part of the study mandate, a detailed profiling of the identified High Impact sports was also undertaken. The details of this have been provided under Annexure III.
Besides identifying the High Impact sports, an analysis of Indias performance in Olympics 2012, Olympics 2008, Commonwealth Games 2010 and Asian Games 2010 performance was undertaken with a view to assess the geographic spread of sport-wise performers in the country. Presence of training centres of the Sports Authority of India and leading sports academies (private) is compared with the performance to better understand the demand-supply relationship. The map below depicts the same 7, 8, 9. Figure 4: Geographical spread of performance and supply
6 7 8 9
National Sports Development Code of India, 2011 http://sports.ndtv.com/olympics-2012/medals http://sports.ndtv.com/olympics-2012/medals?country=IND http://cwg.ndtv.com/commonwealth/medaltally/cwg/2010/medalstally.html
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Shoot ing (4) Cycling Kabbadi Basket ball NIS, Pat iala
Shoot ing (6)
Wrest ling (17) Boxing (10) Golf Boxing Weight lift ing (1) Archery (1)
Cricket Chess Shoot ing (2) At hlet ics (2)
`
Gymnast ics (3) Table Tennis Shoot ing (2)
Archery (1) Boxing (4) Weight lift ing (2) Archery (1) Squash (1) Archery (1) Archery (2) Archery Aquat ics (1) Foot ball
LNCPE, Gwalior Shoot ing (3) Cue Sport s (2) Aquat ics (1) Shoot ing Swimming Badmint on (3) Shoot ing (6) Badmint on At hlet ics (3) Equest rian Sport s Judo Tennis (2) Tennis Rowing
Intl. performance Leading academies SAI Training Centres
The study reveals that out of the 31 States/ UTs present in India there are 18 states whose sportspersons have managed to bag one or more medals. During the study it was found that there are ten states, including Jammu & Kashmir, Gujarat, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha which are still waiting to register their names in the medal tally. Out of the total population of more than 26 crores 10 residing in these ten states, the country is still awaiting a medal. It was also found that there is no strong correlation between presence of SAI training centres 11 and performance. For example, the state of Rajasthan has only one established training centre but the sportspersons from the state have won four medals. Similarly, states like Bihar, UP and MP has more than a dozen elite training centres but produced only a couple of medals. This perhaps indicates inherent sports capabilities or unwavering ambitions of our people, who with minimum support and training are able to perform at the elite level. At the same time, there is merit in performance based monitoring of the centres which have not produced an international class performer since long. To conclude, out of the 155 sports played in the country today, with the given resource (time and manpower) constraints, initial emphasis needs to be put on the 25 High Impact sports. This focused effort shall include providing for the best of coaching and infrastructure facilities. On the other hand, many other actions like marketing the concept of sports for fitness will provide a push to all and not only these High Impact sports.
10 11
http://www.census2011.co.in/states.php http://www.sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index2.asp?slid=211&sublinkid=118&langid=1
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3 Information base and analysis

3.1 Research methodology
The desired outcomes cannot be achieved without thoroughly understanding the roles of various stakeholders and the leading practices in this sector. Therefore, in order to develop a robust understanding of this sector from skills perspective, interactions with multiple national/ international stakeholders has been undertaken. Our approach heavily relied on:
f f f
Secondary research (to identify sports played, budgetary allocation, geographical reach, infrastructure availability etc.) Unstructured inputs (Data/ experiences/ feedback from stakeholder interactions) Structured inputs (Assessment through questionnaires - both qualitative and quantitative) Figure 5: Research Base Addressing the sports ecosystem
Nat ional Sport s Federat ions (Research t hrough Long Term Dev. Plans) Skill Gap st udies
Sport s & Educat ion minist ries/ depts
Ret d. professionals, invest ors in sport s, int l. expert s
Dat a Collect ion
Domest ic Privat e init iat ives
Deskt op Research
Government Policies/ plans
St ruct ured int erviews
Primary Research
Unst ruct ured int eract ions
Int ernat ional leading pract ices Training inst it ut ions Sport s agencies in UK, Aust ralia
Focused Group Discussions
(Research t hrough websit es & manuals)
Training inst it ut ions
Nat ional Sport s Federat ions
The information gathered from the aforesaid sources was ascertained and analyzed. This section broadly highlights the methodology used to draw Skill related conclusions and recommendations, for which the details have been provided in this section.
Primary research In order to conduct a detailed analysis, a survey was administered to capture responses from major stakeholders. Separate and focused questionnaires, aimed at obtaining stakeholder views were designed and administered for understanding the skill gaps and issues faced in the sports sector today. Broadly, the stakeholder responses included both qualitative and quantitative responses on:
f f f
Structure of sports skill development in India Skill demand and supply in the sports sector Level of resources and expertise
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In total, four types of questionnaires were designed for conducting primary research among
f f f f
National Sports Federations Government sports institutions Training institutions Other stakeholders, which include private organizations either investing or planning to invest in sports, sports professionals, international sports bodies etc.
The questionnaires were administered through face to face meetings, telephonically and over email, depending upon the availability and convenience of the interviewee. Detailed filled questionnaires have been placed as enclosure to the report. Please refer Annexure IV for
details on the meetings conducted.

The key observations highlighted from the interactions (more than 50) with various stakeholders have been reproduced in the next section. The data gathered through secondary and primary research has been critically analyzed to translate it into vital information, reach at conclusions and develop recommendations.
Desktop research An in-depth study of skills in the sports sector, including assessment of its segmentation, key stakeholders, key trends, government initiatives and major skill related challenges/ gaps were identified though an exhaustive secondary research. The sources included websites of MoYAS, SAI, NSFs, Indian corporate in the sports sector, international institutions, news articles and journals, publications of national and international institutions like Planning Commission, Sports England etc. As part of this report, modeling to estimate the demand for skilled workforce in sports sector and for financial estimation for achieving the workforce and up-skilling requirements was undertaken. However, since the primary research did not include a survey or interviewing of individuals (public) at large and due to the non availability of data in Indian sports sector, most of these estimations were made on the basis of assumptions. More details form part of Chapter 5 and 7. It is recommended that this estimation should be supported by a countrywide survey among the current as well as potential employer base, workforce, children and parents. The survey should cover various geographies, age groups, genders, income groups and sports. The sample size would depend upon the time and budget available to conduct such this survey. Following are a few indicative questions, for data as well as opinion gathering, which need to get answered through the survey.
f f f f f f f f f f f
What percentage of, and at what age group, kids take-up sports seriously for fitness or for excellence purpose? When is this decision taken (what age or at what level the kids has played)? What factors are considered while taking this decision (career income, facilities to train, popularity, competition, support to reach international level)? How much time does a person (different age groups) spend on sports for fitness or for excellence purpose? What steps are taken towards providing better coaching to enthusiasts (money spent, external coaching sought)? What skill gaps do we see in the available supply of physical education and of Sport specific coaches? How difficult or easy it is to find such coaches for hiring (source)? How is competence and capability of the coach job applicants tested (qualification, experience, on the spot test)? Usually, what qualifications (and from where) do these coaches posses? What are the career aspirations for such coaches? What remuneration is offered for such coaches and how does it differ (based on qualification, experience or tested skill)?
3.2 Stakeholder responses

3.2.1 National Sports Federations
After hosting the Commonwealth Games, Delhi in 2010, there is access to world class training facilities for not only elite sportsperson but the common citizen too. Increasingly, Indian federations are keen to work with private partners to setup major leagues for commercial exploitation and thus provide more avenues to develop the sport.
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The key concerns highlighted during interactions include:
Issues in training
f f f f f f
Medicines and medical support staff like masseur, doctors for various sports are limited and training facilities for such key occupations are limited too The federations are not given direct access to the playfields/ stadiums for using for training or competitions Lack of funds for training, which does not allow procurement of quality equipment or upkeep of facilities Need to upskill coaches, physiotherapists, nutritionists etc. and bring in salaried professionals Upscale technical knowhow, especially in the area of doping control, of sportsperson and support personnel through courses/ certifications/ workshops etc.
Sector issues
f f f f f
Inadequate job opportunities for sportspersons or support personnel The uptake of sports whether as an extra-curricular activity or as career is extremely low Low media exposure to all sports, which if improved will encourage creation of role models and more people will take-up sports Most of the federations believe that the country does not have adequate policies and incentives to enthuse people to takeup sports professionally Some sports do not receive adequate attention from the Government and are languishing as a result, eg. equestrian
3.2.2
Government Sports Institutions

Government sports institutions like MoYAS, LNUPE, LNCPE, NIS that are vital to the progress of sport are constantly looking at partnerships to improve relationship with countries that have better sports facilities. This enables them to incorporate best practices from better sporting nations. As part of Government of Indias recent initiative of establishment of National Institute of Sports Science and Medicine, collaboration with leading institutions in Australia, China, Germany, South Africa, UK is one of the key strategic objectives. Existing training and education facilities are of good quality but more research could be done to make them world class courses and training. Sports associations in the country are aiming to increase government spending on sports in order to build and enhance the sports culture in the country, increase employment opportunities and facilitate the production of more international level sportsperson. The key concerns highlighted during interactions include:
f f f f
There are limited teachers for key sports and also the institutions are not able to hire permanent teachers due to non-availability of approvals from competent authorities (The process of seeking approvals in time consuming). For students willing to take up sports courses, there are not enough opportunities for them to present their papers and research work at the domestic and international workshops/seminars thereby limiting exposure for them. There is very limited integration between School Games Federation of India (SGFI), All India Universities (AIU) and NSFs; each run their own tournaments thereby causing overlap of talent pools and tournaments. Some of the sports courses were discontinued due to:
f f f
Low demand for the courses Non availability of qualified teachers Not enough finances to meet operating expenses
(For example- Sport journalism course at Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education (LNUPE), Gwalior was discontinued)
3.2.3
Training Institutions
Several private training institutions for skill development and sports training have come-up and are improving the methods used to teach young aspirants. These include institutions like Amity School for Physical Education and Sports, Bharati Vidyapeeth University and Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report Page 16 of 201
Bradford University, UK who undertake constant research studies to understand trends for courses and how to improve their teaching techniques and methods. The key concerns highlighted during interactions include:
Low uptake
f f f
No proper time allocation for sports activities - Due to primary focus on academics, sports get neglected No scientific approach towards either talent spotting or for identifying the right sport for the child and his/ her talent Sports not considered as a career - Students do not see sports as a career and are more concerned for their academics. Sports education is considered as a hobby instead of a career path. Due to this lack of interest among students, even the coaches do not feel motivated enough
Training issues
f f
No set curriculum for trainings - Most of the training institutions do not have specific/ well-define curriculum for training programs for the sportsperson/ support staff Lack of state-of-the-art facilities for imparting trainings, medicines etc. Non availability of facilities such as Audio-visuals, live demonstration, web enabled classrooms declines the interest level among the students towards choosing sports as a career High Costs High operational expenses on the sports infrastructure and equipments is also one of the prime concerns for the institutions and coaches. For example in case of Shooting, a cost for one small range of equipment costs over INR 40 million and nobody is ready to take up such expenses for establishing a range in the training institutions
Career issues
f f
There is not enough emphasis on career counseling for a promising sportsperson There is low demand for the sports related courses as there are limited prospects for job placements
3.2.4
Other stakeholders
Interaction was held with other stakeholders like large corporate who have invested large sums of money in sports, sports professionals, amateurs. These respondents accorded high importance to sports for the overall development of an individual. With the recent success in Commonwealth Games, most of the respondents feel the sports sector as a whole is moving in a positive direction. MoYAS initiative towards establishment of a National Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine is also viewed as an encouraging stride towards sports development in the country. The key concerns analyzed during interactions include:
f f f f f
Need for an institution to focus on the upskilling sportsperson and creating jobs for them Require mechanisms for sports skill transferability across other sectors. This may include sports related personnel imparted with basic trainings in skills like medicine, management, business, marketing etc. Explore the option of a 2 year Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence12 in line with UK This could be replace class XI and XII for the talented and willing students. Requirement of National Fitness Standards, especially for employability in sectors like Fireman, Defence, Police, Security, Fitness Integration of the sports with public and private sector
3.3
Leading practices
Some of the international leading practices highlighted during the study include:
United Kingdom
12
http://www.skillsactive.com/england
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f A Sector Skills Council has been created in the UK13 for sports and recreation, health and fitness, playwork, outdoors and
caravans. It connects individuals, employers and training providers in the sector to regulate quality of training and qualifications, run programmes for improving skills of the workforce, act as an information resource for potential workforce and collaborate with industry to work towards meeting their skill needs.
f UK also runs Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE) which is a unique sporting qualification for talented
youth, aged 16 18. While it provides training in sports, it also imparts the skills and qualifications they need to go to university or workplace. AASE combines a flexible education programme with a structured national training and development route across all sports, while preparing athletes for a career after sport.
f UK has certification mechanism for coaches (i.e. Level I, II, III & IV accepted across sports in UK). Based upon their
certification levels the coaches can train the respective target audience.
f The number of personnel required to play and win medals is calculated on basis of hours. Also the number of hours required for
excellence or fitness purposes in a team sport and individual sport could be different (similar will be the case with touch sports and otherwise).
f A study, extremely relevant to the current context, on UK coaching workforce, was undertaken in 2009, which used
Coaching hour concept to estimate demand for coaching in the country. It mentioned that The coaching hour is preferred to number of coaches as the key building block because it is possible for a coach to provide a range of coaching hours per week.
Australia
f The sector skill council in Australia whose mandate includes sports sector operations is called ServiceSkills. It has a credential
system for off-field skills. Hence, people take full time jobs and along with that continue working as volunteers in sports sector, enabling them to accumulate credits and finally getting into a paid position in sports sector.
f Australia has also put its sports infrastructure to extremely effect use. The stadia are used for multi-purpose and multiple
sports. A sports, event cum tourism calendar is prepared annually with the objective of ensuring optimum utilization of infrastructure, minimum overlap in competitions, no fatigue for skilled workforce and maximum viewership. This further helps in providing adequate match practice to its local talent.
UKIERI 14 United Kingdom-India Education and Research Initiative launched an innovative concept in India by the name of PEC (Physical Education Cards) as a set of colourful cards helping to deliver fun, safe and inclusive physical education sessions. The cards have a student centred approach and are seen as teaching aid for physical education curriculum at the primary stage (for class I V). This has been widely accepted in many of the schools in rural areas, as they have limited access to such knowhow otherwise.
13 14
http://www.skillsactive.com/ http://www.britishcouncil.org.in/sports/pec-cards/index.htm
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4 Skill classification
From a skill perspective, the prime skill in sports is that of the sportsperson. However, there are not one but multiple other skills which feed into various other occupations in the sector. Skills which are directly involved in skilling of a sportsperson include coaches, journalist, lawyers, medicine experts, nutritionists, photographer, physiotherapists and masseurs, psychologists, psychotherapists, referees and umpires, scouts and trainers. Skills which do not directly impact skilling of the sportspersons but are equally important for sector development include sports journalists, lawyers, match officials, photographer and scouts. It is important to understand that skill is not the only component which constitutes competency or an occupation. Knowledge and attitude are two other integral components. This concept is critical to follow as it allows analysis into the transferability of workforce from one occupation to another across various sports or across sports and other sectors. In the table below, an effort has been made to list the key knowledge, skill and attitude aspects constituting a competency. Further, the ease with which a competent person in an occupation can utilize his/ her knowledge, skill or attitude in another occupation is analyzed 15.
15
http://www.skillsactive.com/england
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Table 4: High Impact Sports

Occupation Knowledge Sportsperson Coach Rules/ laws of the particular sport Rules/ laws of the particular sport; Latest coaching techniques Key Skill Playing tactic; Accuracy on field; Quick decision making Ensure sports coaching program are safe and effective; Monitor and evaluate the sports coaching program; Develop participant performance through effective sport coaching; Analyze the needs and aspirations of participant Physiotherapist Physiotherapy, medicine, sport specific injuries Evaluate the appropriate massage methods such as effleurage, petrissage, compression depending on the sport; Devise taping and strapping strategy appropriate for the individual; Use of hot and cold techniques to prevent injuries; Use of stimulation techniques such as muscle stimulation therapy Nutritionist Nutrition science, food studies etc.; Abreast with new nutrition methods, latest studies etc. Psychologist Psychology, anthropology etc.; Stress Management Collate statistics of food intake to monitor sportspersons diet; Creation of diet plans with specific targets for either weight gain or weight loss, depending on the sport played Assessing strengths and weaknesses in current mental approaches of individuals for optimal performance; Teaching mental skill such as completion planning Personality profiling Medicine Expert Medicine, biology etc.; Focus on fitness Educate sportsperson about drugs use and abuse; Give appropriate advice and Provide information on possible injuries to sportsperson; Provide High Low High Low Helping managers and coaches promote an optimal environment for maximum team enjoyment High Low High Low Informing sportsperson about the ideal intake of food and liquid supplements for conditioning of the body High Low High Low Provide awareness among sportsperson about possible injuries High Low High Low Competency required Attitude Mental strength to deal with pressure and failures Provide emotional and motivational support to the trainee Low High Medium Medium Similar occupation across sports Low Ease of transferability Other occupation across sports Medium Similar occupation outside sector Low Other occupation outside sector Medium
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Occupation Knowledge methods Sports Manager Strategic management and Finance; Technical, interpersonal, and conceptual skills required Key Skill
Competency required Attitude general and appropriate nutritional advice Appreciate the socio-cultural characteristics of sport and its effects on participants, spectators, and society High High Similar occupation across sports guidance to the sportsperson on their health conditions Develop and review strategy for sport; Develop, implement and review operation plans; Manage the development of sports club; Understand the governance structure of various sport organizations and their influence on operations and decision-making; Select teams and representatives
Ease of transferability Other occupation across sports Similar occupation outside sector Other occupation outside sector
High
Low
Sports Officials
National and international structures and protocols, rules of the sport and application
Make judgments according to the rules/ laws and the nature and spirit of the sport/ activity despite external pressures and demonstrate impartiality; Maintain effective lines of communication with event organisers and other key personnel; Ensure that relevant aspects of the competition environment comply with health and safety requirements for the sport at the elite level
Accept criticism and deal calmly and effectively with high stress situations; Being honest and ethical
Low
Low
High
Low
Sports Lawyer
Laws and contracts; Procedures and policies relating to sports industry
Good and effective communications skills; Analytical and Problem solving skills Skill to analyze surroundings quickly and make adjustments to camera settings; Editing and presenting skills; Quick reflexes
Persuasive and assertive in order to convince different stakeholders
High
Low
High
Low
Sports Photographer
Speed of the sport; Operating a professional camera at higher speeds and greater stability; Lighting issues to
Patience; Friendly and networking
High
Low
High
Low
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Occupation Knowledge enhance picture quality, indooroutdoor Key Skill
Competency required Attitude Similar occupation across sports
Ease of transferability Other occupation across sports Similar occupation outside sector Other occupation outside sector
This study does not cover skills involved in the sports good industry, as international leading practices indicate the latter to be covered by other more relevant sector skills council. For example, in UK, skills in sports clothing in covered by the creative industries sector skill council 16, while wider manufacturing is the domain of the sector skill council for science, engineering and manufacturing technologies 17.
16 17
http://www.creativeskillset.org/ http://www.semta.org.uk/ Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report
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An indicative case study for a sports coach, perhaps the most important skill involved in making of a successful sportsperson is presented below. The technical and financial support which should ideally be provided to an individual has been explained first and then the issues existing in the system today have been highlighted.
COACHS Lifeplan Initial education (Age: 5-18 years) Technical support Time spent in physical education at school: Class I-V: 30 mins per day Class VI-X: 15 mins per day Class XI-XII: Not required Time spent in playing sports, including outside school: Class I-V: 2 hours per day (50% guided) Class VI-X: 3 hours per day (75% guided) Class XI-XII: 4 hours per day (100% guided) At Class V, if sporting talent is identified in the individual, he/ she will be shifted to a sports school. The concept of a sports skill has been elaborated later in the report. It is important that equal emphasis is laid on aspects such as nutrition, psychology for the individual Financial support Key issues Scholarship could be granted to promising talent and sports schools will anyway provided subsidized education Physical education teachers are teaching sports and sports coaches are taking physical education classes Limited emphasis on key aspects like nutrition, physical fitness etc. Unstructured process for sporting talent identification Academic pressure doesnt allow students to devote requisite time into sports Graduation/ Post-graduation (Age: 18-25 years) Technical support As the individual passes Class XII, he/ she would be assisted in taking a decision on possible career option matching his/ her skills and hence, suitable education. The individual would have by now already participated in sporting talent hunt competitions and would therefore understand his/ her competency. Such talent identification would be even simpler in sports schools. In case career in coaching is thought to be the way ahead, the individual pursues degree in physical education through courses like Bachelor of Physical Education and Master of Physical Education. These could be 3-5 years courses, depending upon the level of specialization the individual opts for. The individual would also have an option to pursue education in non-coaching but other sports related areas, like sports event management, referee, commentator, match official. There will be institutions which shall provide educational recognized degree in these areas as well. If the individual decides to opt for even a non-sports related career, he/ she will have the option to join the main stream of academics like commerce or sciences. The institutions offering these degrees will recognize the education obtained in sports schools, although with some degree of discounting. Otherwise as well, sports quota admissions with defined battery of tests will continue to happen. Financial support The various types of financial support which could be provided to the individual aspiring to be a coach are as follows. Government institutions like NIS Patiala could offer scholarships to promising coaching talent. Such institutions in collaboration with private clubs could initiate parttime apprenticeships for these individuals, where they assist head coaches or be an assistant match official or a support commentator. In this manner the individual not only learns on the field but also earns enough income to sustain his/ her education. Key issues There is not enough awareness among school pass-outs or parents or even teachers/ counselors in schools about which course is suitable for what career option. Whatever an individual wants to do in the field of sports, except being a sportsperson, only Physical Education courses are prescribed. There is limited supply of specialized courses in support skill areas like nutrition, medicine, massage. Since in school, individuals who focused on sports primarily might not have been able to excel in academics, they have to apply for admission in sports quota only. The two key issues here are that tests for sports quota admission are not standard or conducted transparently and secondly, once even if that individual gets admission in a regular college, there is not enough focus or facility to allow that individual to pursue a career in sports. The individual ends up having a career in neither sports nor professional world through academic excellence. Career (Age: 25-60 years) Technical support To launch the individuals career after graduation in the field of physical education, career counseling and recruitment facilities should be
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provided by the respective institutions. These institutions should collaborate with sports clubs, corporate and coaching academies for providing a platform for graduates to chose the job of their choice. In the first few years of his/ her career, a person can start as an assistant coach and gradually progress towards becoming a head coach. Such coaching levels, with the requisite experience and education, have been clearly defined in many of the other countries like UK. Many of the countries also have a concept of volunteer coaches. These are the people engaged in non-coaching profession but spend a couple of hours a week in coaching at community parks or clubs for no monetary returns. Therefore, while the Government provides a suitable job to the graduate in non-coaching environment, the individual may be persuaded to spend at least some hours of the week in volunteer coaching. A coach during his career span would be required to keep his/ her skills updated through continuous education. The Government could prescribe curriculum and minimum hours of requirement on continuous education for every coach to follow each year. These courses could be run by the same set of institutions and a standard certification scheme could be run by a central agency. The coaches may also want to work part-time in the field of talent scouting for which a short duration course would need to be undertaken through a recognized institution. Financial support In case a graduate does not get placed through the institutional platform, the Government would assure the individual of a job, as coach, physical education teacher or related field like fitness instructor, talent scout, sports facility manager or security force, in a Government school, department or PSU. Key issues There is no single platform which could allow a graduate to understand his/ her career options and take a suitable decision. Most of the decisions today are based on limited information and hearsay. The system of mandatory continuous education for coach or for any other sports skill doesnt exist today. The coaches therefore have to rely upon age-old curriculum and pedagogy and do not get exposed to latest international leading practices in coaching. The concept of skill transferability, through which a coachs competency is recognized in other career fields as well, is yet to be established. To attract talent to the field of coaching, it is important that Government promotes this concept and identifies that coaches could be suited for a non-sports coaching job too, like Post-retirement (Age: 60+ years) Technical support The most suitable activity for retired coaches to be engaged in is talent scouting. Short duration courses should be organized for retired coaches to hone their skills in the area of talent identification. Further, the retired coaches could be engaged as master trainers by Government and non-Government institutions, like LNUPE. They might also get involved in research and publication in the various fields of sports sciences. The Government would also need to spread awareness and counsel these retired experts on the areas they can engage into depending upon their physical abilities, time availability and area of expertise and interest. Financial support The pension schemes which some of the State Governments have initiated need to reach-out to a broader base. Guidelines should be issued at the national level which make at least the national sports federations and government institutions to engage retired coaches in suitable activities. Key issues Currently, attending to or effectively utilizing the expertise of retired coaches has not been a focus area. These individuals either dont find an opportunity to utilize their skills or undertake unorganized coaching activities at the micro level. There have been multiple cases of even star sports performers struggling to even earn their living after retirement. This is one of the biggest areas of concern and reason for not many striving for a career in sports.
Having looked at the various skills involved in the sports ecosystem and their categorization to plan upskilling, the next step is to find the exact manpower requirement, i.e. the demand, and how does that compare to the supply of those skills in the country today. As mentioned previously, the most important skill which acts as the primary input in the making of sportsperson is the coaching skill. Therefore, with this background the next chapter goes into quantitative assessment of demand of coaching and other support skills in India.
5 Manpower requirements
The quantitative estimates of manpower (skill) requirement in the sports sector in India for 2012, 2017 and 2022 have been derived in this section. The different approaches adopted to estimate demand in the future have been detailed. As explained in the previous chapter, it is important to understand that number of sportspersons (skilled) is the final output for the sports sector. Therefore, the demand for sportspersons need to be estimated based on which demand for coaches and other skills needs to be Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report Page 24 of 201
derived. These quantitative estimates would also feed into estimating the demand for sports infrastructure in the country, which is out of scope for the current study. The demand estimation model has taken the following variables in consideration.

Purpose of playing sports Levels across which demand could vary (Need base) Demand for time for activity (physical activity or non-physical activity like classroom education) Demand for time for playing sports as a proportion of total time for activity Demand for time for managed sports as a proportion of time for playing sports Participant:Coach ratio (coaching span)
Purpose of play Table 5: Purpose of play

Demand for sports skills Purpose Fitness Excellence
For calculating the demand for sportspersons, the trigger for demand needs to be understood as different triggers would cause different demand intensities (quantity as well as quality). A sport could be played for excellence or fitness (and leisure) purpose. Playing for excellence would imply playing sports as a career and targeting performance at the elite level. The demand for getting trained on various aspects of the game (managed sports) is therefore more in case playing for excellence as compared to that when the sport is played for fitness. Demand for sports for leisure purpose has been combined with fitness, as playing of sports for only leisure purpose is perhaps a very small proportion and secondly, investment in sports for people to play only for entertainment purpose should ideally be the last priority for the authorities.
Unit for measuring demand Table 6: Unit for measuring demand

Demand for sports skills Purpose Input Fitness Demand for play hours (per individual per day) Excellence
As mentioned previously, the first step would be to estimate the demand for sportspersons, based on which demand for coach or other workforce could be derived. While the demand for skills in sports can be estimated in terms of upsklling number of sportspersons in the case of excellence or elite sports, the same is not feasible to estimate demand for vast population that may want to take-up sports albeit for fitness purpose. Hence, after evaluating leading practices from nations advanced in the sports sector like UK, it is felt that the concept of coaching hour as a unit to estimate demand for sports related skills is extremely relevant. It allows to factor peculiarities of this sector, such as:

Part-time employment or practice of other vocations by not only sportspersons but also coaches and support staff Varied levels of inputs required at different levels of sport and competition On establishing standards, this concept can be easily integrated into policy mandates for setting minimum hours of sports/ coaching according to level of sport and competition
Sports play hours would constitute the total time for which people want to play sports and coaching hour would constitute the total time for which people want to play sports under supervision (coach). All sports play hours might not require coaching hours. In other words, if an individual plays 2 hours of sports each day, he/ she may require only 30minutes of coaching (managing). This could vary with the purpose Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report Page 25 of 201
of play, level of sport/ competition and the age of the individual. This might further depend upon the quality of coaching, support infrastructure etc. but these have been kept as constant for the purpose of this estimation. The managed (coached) play hours could be converted into number of coaches through dividing it by a particular number of hours being put by coaches in a day or in a year. For example, it may be assumed that on an average a coach would spend 8 hours a day in coaching (managing) and hence, number of coaches required to produce those total coached play hours for the entire country could be derived.
Sport need base Table 7: Sport need base

Demand for sports skills Purpose Input Need base Fitness Demand for play hours (per individual per day) Age in years: 5-14 (primary), 15-19 (secondary), 20-24, 25-44, 45-64, 65-79, 80National, Zonal, State, District and Taluk Excellence
Depending upon the purpose, the sports time need of people would be different. At the same time, while the purpose of playing sports could be fitness, the sports time need could differ across age groups. This is especially true due to different requirement as well as capacity of the body to undertake any fitness activity at various ages. Most developed and developing nations across the world prescribe minimum number of minutes/ hours a person at a particular age group should spend on physical activity. This is commonly referred to as National Fitness Program. Research has shown that although CBSE has similar guidelines for school children, Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports is also working towards defining such program for India. In the absence of predefined guidelines and data, for the purpose of estimation the following assumptions have been arrived at after discussions with various stakeholders. However, it is advised to validate the assumptions as some of them may substantially change as there is availability of reliable data points at a later date.
Assumption 1 For the purpose of estimating the demand for sports for fitness across age groups, 5-14, 15-19, 20-24, 25-44, 45-64, 6579 and 80+ age groups have been considered. These age groups have been taken as the first one (5-14) could be equated to Class I-X as defined by CBSE; 15-19 to Class XI to Graduation; 20-24 with career focus; 25-44 with regular employment; 45-64 with older adult; 65-79 as retired senior citizen and 80+ as old aged. Further benefit of taking these age groups is that the population numbers for these age groups only are officially declared.
The population numbers for 2001, 2016, 2021 and 2026 under these age groups have been taken from the official Government of India source and used to project the numbers for 2012, 2017 and 2022.
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Assumption 2 - 96.7% of population is assumed to be able to perform a physical activity. This percentage has been taken from a recent survey conducted by Pratham, as the percentage of children enrolled in primary schools in India. This figure has been extended to apply to other age groups assuming that only the families (parents) who are able to send their child to school are able to involve themselves in some form of fitness activity. This number may actually be lower as on day but with growing awareness about the importance of physical activity and assuming an improving scenario with implementation of various initiatives, it should be achievable by 2012-13 (hence, referred to as adjusted vision). It is also clarified that this figures is based on the fact that even under-privileged and differently-abled could engage in some form of physical activity, if not sports. This percentage has been increased to 97.5% in 2017 and 99% in 2022, as the awareness as well as availability of facilities increase. Assumption 3 It is assumed that sports play hours for a sportsperson playing for excellence will differ as he/ she plays at national, zonal, state, district and taluk levels.
For excellence purpose, it is found that the number of hours an individual plays sports for competing increases as the sportsperson moves up the level of competition. Therefore, a sportsperson being trained at the national camp may be required to be trained throughout the day, while for a sportsperson at the taluk (block) level the individual as well as the system might have the capacity to train for only a few hours a day. The next step is to estimate the number of sportspersons training at the five levels of excellence based on the bench-strength, for which the following assumption has been made.
Assumption 4 For London 2012, 742 probables were trained at the National camp for 16 disciplines 18. One of the main reasons for certain skill quality issues and incapability to recruit probables in 10 other disciplines (total 26 in London 2012) has been assumed to be highly insufficient bench-strength at lower levels. Therefore, the average bench-strength, for all 26 sports combined, is taken to be 25. For 2017 and 2022, this number has been assumed to be 50 (for any sport, 3-4 age groups, 2 genders and the accepted benchmark of 5-6 times selection rate would require an average bench-strength of 50, i.e. 4 x 2 x 6).
Demand for activity The demand for time for undertaking physical activity for fitness purpose has been estimated based on the following assumption.
Assumption 5 For 2012 estimation, it has been assumed that children in the age group of 5-14 years will be engaging themselves into any form of physical activity for 45 minutes per day and for each subsequent age group 5 minutes per day has been reduced. For 2022, 60 minutes per day has been assumed for 5-14 year age group, 50 minutes for 15-19, 40 minutes for 20-24 and 30 minutes for 25 years and over. These numbers have been assumed considering the following guidelines from across the world.
f CBSE circular (no.71): Class I-X student should involve in physical activity for 40-45min/ day and XI-XII for 90-120min/ week f UK Government: 30min for adults and older adults 19 f Department of Health & Human Services, US: 60min for 6-17 and 30min for 18+ 20 f Department of Health & Ageing, Australia: 60min for 5-18 and 30min for older 21
18 19 20 21
http://www.opex.nic.in http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/fitness/daily_howmuch.shtml http://www.fitness.gov/presidents-challenge/presidential-active-lifestyle-award/ http://www.health.gov.au/internet/healthyactive/publishing.nsf/Content/physical-activity
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Table 8: Demand for activity

Demand for sports skills Purpose Input Need base Fitness Demand for play hours (per individual per day) Age in years: 5-14 (primary), 15-19 (secondary), 20-24, 25-44, 45-64, 65-79, 80Demand for activity Number of minutes of activity required to stay fit Number of minutes of activity required to compete National, Zonal, State, District and Taluk Excellence
Sport played at excellence or elite level should include not only time for playing but for exercising/ warming-up and briefing (classroom teaching) as well. Therefore, the base figure needs to be the number of minutes/ hours for which the sportsperson should be involved in the sporting activity (physical or otherwise).
Assumption 6 It is assumed that given the limited availability of infrastructure and restricted focus on non-physical activities like classroom briefing on competing strategy, the national camp would require 12 hours per day of activity for each probable. A sportsperson playing for excellence at district or lower levels also has to take care of his/ her education (if student) or livelihood (if adult) and therefore, at the taluk level the activity hours will reduce to only 2 per day. With the increasing focus of Government on providing all kinds of support to sportspersons playing for excellence, this demand for activity has been assumed to increase in 2017 and 2022. The total time which a sportsperson would spend in the national camp in 2022 would be 16 hours per day (leaving the 8 hours of resting and relaxation) and the person at a taluk level camp for 4 hours a day.
Demand for sports Table 9: Demand for sports

Demand for sports skills Purpose Input Need base Fitness Demand for play hours (per individual per day) Age in years: 5-14 (primary), 15-19 (secondary), 20-24, 25-44, 45-64, 65-79, 80Demand for activity Demand for sports Number of minutes of activity required to stay fit Proportion of time on fitness activities Number of minutes of activity required to compete 100% National, Zonal, State, District and Taluk Excellence
Time spent on activity for fitness may not necessarily go into playing a sport. Non-sports activities could include physical education at school, jogging or simply exercising. At the same time, sports as a form of physical activity is the most benefitting as it provides not only physical but mental fitness and has high entertainment value as well.
Assumption 7 - Given the limited availability of sports infrastructure, facilities and low awareness levels in the general public, it is assumed that only 25% of the time spent in physical activity is spent in playing sports. The rest (75%) goes into physical education or other fitness activities like running. This number could be equated with a scenario where only 25% of the people play sports for fitness, while the other 75% undertake non-sports activities like exercising for fitness. With increasing awareness and availability of facilities, this demand for playing sports should increase double-fold (i.e. from 25% to 50%) by 2022.
Demand for managed sports Table 10: Demand for managed sports Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report Page 28 of 201
Demand for sports skills Purpose Input Need base Fitness Demand for play hours (per individual per day) Age in years: 5-14 (primary), 15-19 (secondary), 20-24, 25-44, 45-64, 65-79, 80Demand for activity Demand for sports Demand for managed Number of minutes of activity required to stay fit Proportion of time on fitness activities Proportion of time on sports Number of minutes of activity required to compete 100% 100% National, Zonal, State, District and Taluk Excellence
For fitness purpose, the entire time spent on playing sports need not be managed, coached or guided. Therefore, only a proportion of the time spent on playing sports has been assumed to generate demand for coaching (coaches).
Assumption 8 With the dearth of sports coaches and at the same time, low awareness about the importance of some guidance required for playing the sport such that there is no injury, the demand for managed hours as a percentage of total time of playing sports has been kept low (25% for a teenager and 10% for older). For 2022, as the sports industry grows, this percentage has been assumed to be 50% for a teenage and 25% for others. A distinction has been made based on the age group also as once a person is guided on the sport in teenage years, the requirement for guidance will reduce in adulthood.
In case of sports being played for excellence, 100% of the sportspersons time needs to be managed/ guided. This implies that the coach of the individual has to be involved even when the sportsperson is not playing on the field, like while eating, warming-up, taking massage. Based on the above assumptions and figures, the estimated demand for managed (coached) hours for sports for fitness purpose, for sports for excellence purpose and for non-sports for fitness purpose could be calculated. Now, to derive the number of coaches, it is important to understand that coaching span (participant-coach ratio) differs for individual and team sports, and at the same time, differs for different levels of excellence. Coaching span Table 11: Coaching span
Demand for sports skills Purpose Input Need base Fitness Demand for play hours (per individual per day) Age in years: 5-14 (primary), 15-19 (secondary), 20-24, 25-44, 45-64, 65-79, 80Number of minutes of activity required to stay fit Proportion of time on fitness activities Proportion of time on sports Participant: Coach ratio (Individual vs. team sport) National, Zonal, State, District and Taluk Excellence
Demand for activity Demand for sports Demand for managed Coaching span
Number of minutes of activity required to compete 100% 100%
To apply the participant-coach ratio to the total managed hours at various levels of excellence and for fitness purpose, it is required to divide these hours into individual and team sports. Participant-coach ratio is nearly double in case of team sports as compared to that in individual sports. The 26 sports in London 2012 have been classified into individual and team sports, wherein the latter comprise hockey, basketball, football, handball and volleyball. Although in some of the individual sports also, team representation (more than one sportsperson) is made, it is restricted to two players in a team and hence, the participant-coach ratio is not much different.
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Assumption 9 The division of total managed hours into the 26 disciplines as in London 2012 has been done based on the respective investment made by the Government of India in preparing the sportspersons at the national camp 22. For 2017, this division has been done based on the enrollments in the respective sports at SAI venues under Come and Play scheme of the Government across the country, reflecting public awareness and preference. Assumption 10 It has been examined that in training for excellence, participant-coach ratio varies from 3-10 at international level depending upon the sport. For 2012 estimates for India, the participant-coach ratio has been assumed to be 4 for individual sports at the national level, 8 at zonal level, 15, 20 and 25 at state, district and taluk levels respectively. This ratio has been assumed to be 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 for team sports. It is implied that the ratio increases as we go down the levels as more attention per sportsperson is required at higher levels. With increasing availability of coaches and more investments into coaching for excellence, this ratio is assumed to improve, i.e. reduce gradually from 2012 to 2017 to 2022.
With the above assumptions and variables, estimates of demand for managed play hours have been derived. The calculations have been made in a manner which will indicate the demand for managed play hours for fitness purpose and excellence purpose at all five levels separately. This will help in creating targeted supply of skills for a particular purpose or level. The below figure provides a complete snapshot of the assumptions, inputs and variables translating into the final output.
Table 12: Framework for demand estimation

Demand for sports skills Purpose Input Need base Fitness Demand for play hours (per individual per day) Age in years: 5-14 (primary), 15-19 (secondary), 20-24, 25-44, 45-64, 65-79, 80Demand for activity Demand for sports Demand for managed Coaching span Output Number of minutes of activity required to stay fit Proportion of time on fitness activities Proportion of time on sports Participant: Coach ratio (Individual vs. team sport) Demand for managed play hours (for fitness and for five excellence levels) Number of minutes of activity required to compete 100% 100% National, Zonal, State, District and Taluk Excellence
Demand for coaches
Demand for other skills
Demand for infrastructure
Demand Projection for 2017-22 The demand for projection for 2017 and 2022 has been made based upon two approaches, viz. Vision and Development. Vision approach The central idea behind the estimation of demand for play hours is the vision of the Government from health and excellence perspective in the future (2017 and 2022 in this case). In other words, with the objective that each citizen stays fit (mentally as well as physically), Government prescribes, and accordingly make schemes, for everyone to play sports for a particular number of minutes each day. Similarly, with the vision to perform exceedingly well at the international level, once a sportsperson has been identified to possess talent and is being trained for excellence, number of hours of activity for the individual is defined. This approach assumes that a conducive environment is created to enable achievement of the vision for sports in fitness as well as excellence purposes.
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http://www.opex.nic.in
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Development approach It is widely observed that growth in most of the sectors has direct correlation with the overall growth of the country. This approach is based on the assumption that at a minimum, sports sector would grow at the rate with which overall Indian economy grows. Similar suppositions have been taken in the skill gap study conducted by some other countries. Therefore, for projection of skill demand in the sector to 2017 and 2022, a compounded annual growth rate of 7% is assumed starting 2012 (World Bank forecast for Indian real GDP growth being 6.9% for 2013 and 7.1% for 2014). The above two approaches can actually be considered to be an optimistic and a pessimistic projection of demand for 2017 and 2022. The vision approach is an optimistic estimate from the perspective of the Government with its various investments and initiatives over the next decade able to make the citizens achieve the countrys vision. Whereas the development approach is a minimalistic estimate from the perspective that the sports industry will at least grow at a rate at which the entire economy is growing.
Demand for coaches With the above inputs, the demand for coaches, physical education teachers and fitness trainers is estimated to be as below. It is important to note that these are cumulative numbers and does not take the supply or retirements in consideration. Table 13: Demand for coaches
Sports Year National 2012-13 (adj. vision) 2017 (vision) 2017 (deve) 2022 (vision) 2022 (deve) 237 536 332 867 466 Zonal 359 888 504 1,138 707 Excellence Fitness State 1,422 3,841 1,995 5,250 2,798 District 9,883 31,897 13,862 46,222 19,442 Taluk 39,710 129,728 55,695 188,293 78,115 82,577 242,124 115,819 567,049 162,442 Non-sports Physical education 695,107 640,347 974,923 586,496 1,367,380 Fitness activities 124,431 403,284 174,521 482,435 244,775 953,727 1,452,645 1,337,651 1,877,750 1,876,124 Total
The figure for estimated number of elite coaches India needs could be further analyzed into demand for head coaches. Assuming that a head coach spends only half amount of time which an assistant coach spends with a sportsperson and at the same time, coach:participant ratio is twice in case of a head coach, around 12,903 head coaches would be required in 2012, 29,910 in 2017 and 42.912 in 2022. The total demand for coaches for 2012 has been divided into demand for coaches for various sports. This division, however, is based on the number of enrolments by mid of 2012 for each sport under Come and Play scheme of the Government of India. Following table provides this break-up.
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Table 14: Demand for sports coaches in 2012 (sport-wise)

Excellence Sport Archery Athletics Badminton National 2 21 13 7 15 14 2 1 16 15 1 5 4 1 1 1 5 1 17 1 41 6 4 5 2 5 2 Zonal 3 31 18 14 22 27 3 2 31 21 3 9 7 1 2 1 8 1 25 1 60 9 6 10 3 8 2 State 10 115 69 75 82 141 9 7 161 80 14 47 24 5 6 2 28 1 93 2 223 33 22 54 10 29 8 District 69 787 472 547 561 1,028 64 48 1,179 547 102 345 167 33 43 14 193 9 638 16 1,530 224 150 397 66 198 57 Taluk 273 3,135 1,880 2,269 2,236 4,265 255 193 4,893 2,179 421 1,432 666 138 170 57 770 36 25,39 67 6,094 894 597 1,647 264 791 228 Fitness 605 6938 4161 3616 4949 6796 565 427 7797 4822 671 2283 1475 220 376 127 1704 58 5620 107 13489 1979 1322 2625 585 1750 504
Basketball
Boxing
Cricket
Cycling Fencing
Football
Gymnastics
Handball Hockey
Judo
Kabaddi
Karate Kayaking/ Canoeing Lawn Tennis
Sepaktakraw
Shooting
Softball
Swimming Table Tennis Taekwando
Volleyball
Weightlifting Wrestling Wushu
High-impact sports
Team sports
Demand for other personnel For estimation of demand for other key personnel required for preparing a sportsperson, benchmarks on number of key support personnel per sportsperson are normally used. In a recent FICCI publication, Sports as a full time career, the benchmark for number of support personnel per sportsperson have been estimated as - every 1,100 sportspersons requiring 15 track & field experts, 25 medicine experts, 50 trainers, 11 psychologists, 22 nutrition experts and 106 other experts. The list of other experts include strength trainers, competition managers, bio mechanical engineers, photographers, journalists, management personnel, law experts and event managers. The requirement of such support personnel in case of non-excellence (fitness) purpose of playing sport is few, as all sports coaches are trained in providing basic guidance to sportspersons on other areas (skills) too, like basic nutrition, physiotherapy. Hence, this demand could be met by support personnel for elite sports in their non-excellence training time (especially at lower levels, i.e. district or taluk) or by sports coaches themselves through their basic understanding of such skills. Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report Page 32 of 201
Assumption 11 The benchmark for requirement of number of support personnel per sportsperson at national level is reduced linearly as we go down the levels. In other words, the requirement at zonal level is half of that at the national level, requirement at state level is one-third of that at the national level and so on.
The following figure gives a snapshot of the benchmark used for the support skills, varying ratio across excellence levels and the final demand estimate. Accordingly, the number of support personnel required in the sports sector in India is 196,131 in 2012 and this number shall reach 392,224 by 2017. Table 15: Demand for support personnel by 2012 (end)
National Skill Track and field Trainers Medicine experts Psychologists Nutrition experts Other Benchmark 1 15 50 25 11 22 106 10 34 17 7 15 72 2 18 59 30 13 26 125 3 103 345 172 76 152 731 4 1,418 4,727 2,364 1,040 2,080 10,022 5 11,298 37,659 18,829 8,285 16,570 79,836 Zonal State District Taluk
The second type of support personnel would include match officials, like commentator, referee or scorekeeper, the demand for whom is a factor of the number of matches played. The estimation has been made through the number of matches per year each sportsperson would play at different levels, standard match duration and average number of players per match. Again having used enrolment data from Come and Play scheme, total match hours per year has been divided sport-wise. This was also important from the perspective that most of the individual sports match duration is 1 hour, while it is mostly 2 hours for a team sport. Similarly, players per match could differ from 2-5 in case of individual sports, while team sports may require 15-25 sportspersons, Given these assumptions, the total demand for each type of such skills will touch 80,000 in 2022 for all levels of sports and non-elite sports.
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6 Supply constraints
One of the important factors leading to the continuous decline in India's performance in international sports arena is lack of sports consciousness and culture in the country. A common perception is that sport is at the cost of academics and this hampers the growth of sports. Further, our national and state policies do not envisage sports as an integral part of human resource development. There is lack of awareness about the multiple benefits of playing sports and at the same time, there are not adequate job opportunities for sportspersons. Supply-side constraints refer to factors that limit the ability of a country to perform well in any sector. These constraints in the sports sector in India have been analyzed with two aspects. One, why arent people taking up sports? This will largely cover issues related to societal concerns, nature and perception of sports and sportspersons. The other, if people take up sports why is there limited quality output? This will cover aspects that are related to the external environment that govern sport as well those that influence the sport itself. This section aims to discuss the reasons why sports culture does not exist in the country and how conducive area external factors to the growth and success of sports.
6.1 No takers of sport

f
Limited career opportunities The nature of sport competition is such that there are a large number of people who play a sport but very few who reach the highest level of sport. Therefore, the majority remains mediocre and there are not enough career opportunities for them within the sports sector or outside. The competency, comprising knowledge, skill and attitude, of the workforce in a particular sport is still not recognized to be usable for other sports or outside the sports sector. This causes parents to disallow their children to take up sports as a career.
Poor perception Indian society doesnt perceive sports as an aspirational profession in comparison to those drawn from education, such as doctors, engineers or MBA graduates. Since in the sports sector for majority of the cases there is no certainty of meeting economic ends, even if a sportsperson earns as much, societal perception remains. Education is always given preference in our country, and often sport loses out at early stage when children make a choice.
Injuries Injuries have known to end careers in sports at a very early stage. Since most sportspersons had to neglect their education, an occurrence of a serious injury hampers the athletes career and future. In absence of expert guidance to play safe, safety gear and good recuperating procedures, sports like boxing, wrestling are seldom opted for by parents for their children.
Low number of mature sports In our country, especially at the grassroots, there is extremely low awareness about existence of sports other than a few like cricket, football, hockey, volleyball. There are no playing facilities either for those uncommon sports. Therefore, the choice is limited and inherent skills of a child in such sports would go unidentified or undeveloped.
Lack of training facilities Most schools lack basic facilities and infrastructure where sports can be played or sports education can be parted. As per the latest All India Educational Survey conducted by the National Council for Educational Research and Training more than 50 per cent of one million plus schools in the country lack playground facility. Further, most schools do not have basic equipment and therefore cannot even orient students to different sports. To address the issue of lack of playing facilities at least outside schools, the Government has recently established National Playing Fields Association of India with the objective of protecting and preserving existing play fields and promoting new ones, apart from developing standards and norms process, for making available playing fields and open spaces.
Inadequate emphasis on fitness Fitness in schools, or even in corporate culture, has been increasingly neglected. To make things worse, healthy eating is not a part of a regular Indian family household. In a recent study (Sports skills and fitness survey), it was observed that 43% of children, aged 7 and above, had more than ideal Body Mass Index. Only recently, CBSE released circular for schools to ensure that each child spends Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report Page 34 of 201
at least a fixed amount time of time in physical education. However, these guidelines are seldom adhered to due to many reasons. There is lack of infrastructure for imparting physical education. It has been observed that even the premier educational institutions in metropolitans like Delhi do not have minimum size playgrounds. Physical education teachers either do not have recognized degrees or received formal education decades back. The combination of these aspects leads to low levels of fitness in children and a lack of orientation to sports. Certain recent initiatives though, like marks for sports have started addressing this issue and shown positive results already.
1.2
Gaps in skill quality

f
Course content All levels of formal education offering academic courses have a predefined course plan. The course plan covers the material to be taught, the number of hours it will be taught in and the pedagogy to be adopted. This gives clarity to the teacher (trainer) as well as students, as the expectations are set right and the individual prepares himself/ herself accordingly. Unfortunately, in sports, these details are not always well defined. This is certainly true for most cases where sports is not played at elite level. This is rather an unorganized approach and often leads to unplanned development of an athlete. Another concern is the lack of infusion of modern and leading practices to the training. At premier sporting institutions in the country, courses, content, pedagogy etc. have not been changed since decades. With introduction of ICT in the sector and advanced research & development capabilities, frequent updation is an imminent need, such that our athletes and the support staff can learn modern techniques and syllabus. Overall, the competencies required for a productive workforce in the sports sector do not translate into the existing educational framework.
Equipment Quality equipment is a decisive factor in sports, particularly in elite sports that differentiates between a victory and defeat. It has been observed that while inferior equipment can bring down performance levels, best of equipment is a catalyst to enhanced performance. At amateur levels, there is a lack of access to good equipment or playing fields. Even while institutions or training centers have equipments, their maintenance is poor and most often they are old and outdated. For certain sports, athletes prefer to use equipment that is not made in the country. This itself is a concern as the mass who wishes to play the game and reach excellence levels cannot afford and therefore does not have access to good quality equipment.
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Coaches and support staff
Lack of quality coaches at school and coaching centre levels Research has shown that leaving aside at a select number of institutions, academies and schools, there arent enough professional qualified coaches. The situation gets compounded by the fact that most coaches outside these elite institutions are not qualified and formally trained. This prevents players from moving to the next level as the coaches are not able to satisfy the players training needs in order to become a professional sportsperson.
Other than coaching, there is little focus on aspects which support player development in an integral manner. A few examples of such neglect are given below:
Guidance counselors: The concept of counselors (psychotherapists) is looked down upon in our country. Many believe that counseling reflects badly on the recipient. There is a dire need to counsel sportspersons at a young age in order to make them mentally tough to perform in extreme pressure conditions and deal with failures. One of the primary reasons for dip in the performance of sportspersons is their inability to cope with levels of stress. Sports doctors: It has been observed that there are many talented sportspersons who had to drop out due to injuries and incorrect recoveries. Medicine and physiotherapy are the aspects which perhaps get least priority in the training schedule of a sportsperson. Nutritionists: Even in the best of training centers, the coaches provide information and training on aspects of the game. These coaches either do not know or dont share information on the importance of nutrition with an athlete. Commonly, the sportspersons would eat home food without the knowledge of what he/ she should and should not consume. The nutritional aspect of sports is often left out. Information on nutrition is available to some extent to the elite class of sportspersons. Even then the allowances made for nutrition in sports are very low. Rs. 25 for training, Rs.35 for those from the NSTC and the army, Rs.40 for sports hostel schemes, Rs.80 for National campers and Rs.90 is the allowance given for power disciplines23. Unfortunately, there is a lack of knowledge on nutrition through the levels of sports. Promising sportsperson lose out on the potential to grow as they do not know the benefits of good nutritional diets and in some cases do not have access to it.
Limited quality infrastructure There is a dearth of quality infrastructure in the country. From early years, the budding sportspersons seldom get to play on fields meeting even the basic guidelines. The international class stadia, developed recently in certain cities which have hosted international or national events, are too few in number for our large population and moreover, have limited accessibility.
Gaps in talent identification/ selection mechanisms Talent identification and scouting is a very important aspect of sports. In countries where sport is more mature unearthing of potential talent is an important practice, and it leads to cost saving. The investment into a high potential athlete is usually lesser. Unfortunately in India, scouting has not evolved. Neither there is enough emphasis on identifying talent early in age and from the untapped grassroots nor talent or criteria for identifying talent is defined. There are certain States like Haryana and Kerala who have begun with talent identification schemes at grassroots but since the talent from States converge at National level, there has to be a standardized criteria for defining talent. This perhaps is the reason why there is large scope for subjectivity and human discretion in the selection process. This ultimately results into people either disbelieving the system and not opting for sports as a career or real talent not reaching the excellence levels.
23
Impact of National Coaching Scheme, Planning Commission
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7 Demand supply gap and resource requirement for bridging

7.1 Demand supply gap
Given the large manpower requirement in the sports sector in India in the next decade (as estimated in chapter 5), there is clearly a gap in the demand-supply that needs to be addressed. While the demand for sportspersons, coaches and all other skills run into millions, if the total capacity of institutions accredited or run by the Government is aggregated the number would reach a few hundred only. In the estimation of supply of skills, whether sportspersons or coaching, it was discovered that due to majority of the sports academies or institutions running in the country without any accreditation, it was nearly impossible to aggregate the supply number. Although an effort was made to identify the top academies in each of the identified High Impact sports, the quantitative estimate of their capacity could not be found. Similarly, for the institutions providing degrees in physical education or in support personnel courses, the secondary as well as primary research could not extract the exact student intake. The only estimate in regard to supply of skills in the sector could be taken from intake of students for bachelor or master in physical education courses as approved by the state governments 24. While the annual demand for physical education teachers is 97,694 (total cumulative demand of 976,938 spread over 2013-22) as estimated in this report, the approved intake is only 41,055 per annum. Similarly, while the annual demand for elite and non-elite sports coaches is 39,697, it is estimated that the supply through accredited institutions would not exceed 5,000. In terms of qualitatively gaps in demand and supply of skills, the biggest issue is that physical education teachers are coaching sports and vice-versa. Similarly, coaches are guiding not only non-elite but elite sportspersons also in areas like nutrition, physiotherapy, medicine. Even worse is when a sports masseur trained for providing massage to a tennis player is the official masseur for an elite swimmer too. The primary reason for these issues is a neglected sports skill scenario. People are unaware that each of these fields is a specialized field and therefore, the education to neither the trainers nor the students (sportspersons) is aligned to this affect. In fact, it was recently reported that the Indian contingent for Olympics 2012 has taken along only a few masseurs, clearly insufficient for the entire group. From the above, it is clear that there is a large gap, quantitative as well as qualitative, between demand and supply of skills in the sports sector in India. Therefore, a concentrated effort would be required to first analyze the reasons in detail and then undertake activities to bridge these gaps. While addressing the qualitative gaps would require major policy decisions (covered in chapter 8), the next section analyzes the possibility of bridging the quantitative gaps through substantial enhancement in the capacity of training coaches and other support personnel. The requirement of various resources, like infrastructure, manpower, finances, needed to train the trainers over 201222 has been estimated.
24
Demand and Supply of Teachers: NCTE publication
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7.2
Resource requirement for bridging demand-supply gap

Based on the estimation of demand for coaches and support personnel, the investments required to be made to achieve these numbers has been calculated. The costing has been done for year starting 2013 and ending 2022, with inflation assumed to be 7%. The total cumulative demand by 2022 has been spread-out starting 2013, to ensure optimum utilization of capacity in the long term as well. Therefore, it is possible that the cumulative demand in 2017 might not be served (supplied for) completely but by 2022, supply equals the demand. The resource requirement estimation needs to be undertaken for only the balance demand, i.e. total demand available skills available supply. Therefore, in case of physical education, while the approved intake as per the report quoted above is 41,055 per annum, it is assumed that 50% of the total demand is already getting met today. This ignored the quality of the available skills, as that could be addressed through short trainings. Therefore, the net demand-supply gap is 7,792 per annum, i.e. 97,694 - 41,055 48,847 (50% of 97,694). Similarly, in case of non-sports trainers, non-elite sports coaches and elite sports coaches it is assumed that 25% of total demand is already getting met today. This number for support personnel is taken as 10%, as the research has shown unawareness as well as low institutional supply today in the country. For costing purposes, many benchmarks for training for physical education teaching courses and non-sports fitness coaching courses are assumed to be the same. Same might be the case for support personnel trainings. Therefore, all assumptions and calculations fall in three or four categories, viz. physical education teacher and non-sports (fitness) trainer, non-elite (fitness) sports coach, elite sports coach and support personnel trainings.
Course duration In regard to the training courses for physical education teacher, non-sports trainer and support personnel training, the course duration is assumed to be 3 years. For non-elite sports coaching courses, this duration will be 2 years and for elite sports coach training, 1 year. Therefore, a high school graduate from any stream would normally take 6 (3+2+1) years to become eligible to be an elite sports coach. However, to coach at a particular level (say national camp), certain other qualifications like minimum number of years of experience might be prescribed.
Student-Teacher ratio This ratio has been assumed to be 50 for physical education teacher and non-sports trainer trainings, 40 for support personnel trainings, 35 for non-elite sports coach trainings and 25 for elite sports coach trainings. The number is high for PE, non-sports and support personnel trainings because these courses are more classroom-based and less per student attention is required.
Costing Following are the different heads under which the costs have been estimated.
Capital expenditure (CAPEX) The primary capital cost in education industry is on setting up of the institution, i.e the land and building cost. In the case of physical education teacher, non-sports coach and non-elite (fitness) coach trainings, it is assumed that existing government institutions across the country, like schools and colleges, are used. The classrooms are used as it is outside institutions operating timings, while only minimal one-time expenditure is incurred on the upgradation of playgrounds (assumed to be Rs.10 per sq.ft. for physical education teacher and non-sports trainer trainings, and Rs.20 per sq.ft. for non-elite sports coach training). The operating expenditure, however, includes basic rentals in lieu of usage power, water etc. in these institutions. Existing facilities, including playground, classrooms, hostels, of Sports Authority of India and States sports departments should be used for training of elite sports coaches, and therefore no capital costs are incurred in this regard. It is assumed that playground space of around 250 sq.ft. per student would be required in case of physical education teacher and nonsports trainer trainings, and 500 sq.ft. per student in case of non-elite sports coach training.
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The total capital cost for training a total of 9,70,723 students over years of 2013-22 comes out to be INR 400 million. This is based on the assumption that 50% of the total course duration is spent on the playground and the rest 50% in classroom.
Operating expenditure (OPEX) As mentioned above, the existing government educational institutions are to be used to conduct the trainings for physical education teachers, non-sports trainers and non-elite sports coaches. However, nominal rentals of Rs.100 per sq.ft. per annum have been assumed to cover costs of utilities like power, water. It is further assumed that around 100 sq.ft. of space per student would be required for conducting sessions in the classrooms. The largest operating cost component is manpower (teaching) costs. Such trainings are usually conducted by 1 head coach (teacher) and 1 assistant coach. The total manpower costs per annum have been assumed to be the following: 1 Head Teacher and 1 Assistant Teacher costs (INR per annum)
f f f
For physical education coach, non-sports trainer and support personnel training INR 2 million For non-elite sports coach training INR 2.5 million For elite sports coach training INR 3 million
These costs shall depend primarily upon the demand-supply of these trainers in the country. The other operating costs would comprise training equipment costs. Since existing facilities are being used, these costs will be incurred for student-specific equipment. It is assumed that equipment for physical education teacher and non-sports trainer training would cost around Rs.1,000 per student for the entire duration of the course. For common equipments, certain Annual Maintenance Costs (AMC) have been considered separately. It is assumed that AMC, operation and repairs costs would be around 10% per annum of the total capital expenditure. With the above assumptions and inputs, the total operating expenditure is estimated to be around INR 6 billion starting 2013 and reaching around INR 29 billion by 2022.
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Following table provides a snapshot of the costing model explained above. Table 16: Training investment estimations
Coach Non-sport PE & non-sports Key assumptions Course duration (Years) Student:Teacher ratio 1 Head and 1 Assistant cost (INR per year) Trainer requirement annual figures Master trainer requirement Manpower cost (INR in million) 5,380 5,200 2,130 7,680 3 50 2million 134,054 2,104 Non-elite 2 35 2.5million 36,475 1,563 Sport Elite 1 25 3million 17,165 515 Combined 3 40 2million 44,482 3,003 Other personnel
Creating supply of master trainers To skill (or upskill) the above mentioned number of workforce, more than 5,000 master trainers (teachers to teach coaching skills) would be required over a period of next couple of years. This requirement would be in addition to the current supply of master trainers in the country. To meet this demand in a short period, a multi-pronged strategy would need to be adopted. Firstly, collaboration may be sought with countries advanced in sporting performance, like UK, Australia. Their national sports federations or even private clubs could be approached and a mutually benefitting understanding could be drawn. Their experts visit India to understand the exact quantitative as well as qualitative requirement, in addition to a suitable curriculum and pedagogy. A team of experts from India along with them develop the training modules and subsequently, around a dozen master trainers from their country visit India on a short trip to train master trainers in India. The Indian master trainers to be trained could be picked up by an expert group formed by the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports. These Indian master trainers are already experienced coaches in their sport, such that they do not need to undergo a complete and long duration course to become a master trainer. It is thus estimated that 10-12 master trainers in each of 25-26 sports from a foreign country will easily create more than 3,000 Indian master trainers, assuming a student-teacher ratio of 5:1. Simultaneously, an initiative to identify the successful master trainers today in India could be undertaken by the Ministry. This should include the ones currently in the coaching business and otherwise. Profiles for the former should be advanced to take care of making master trainers rather than coaching sportspersons. The latter group should be incentivized to contribute towards master training at least as a part-time contribution if not dedicatedly. With this exercise, at least a couple of thousand master trainers could be deployed. Thirdly, the current master trainers at SAI institutions could be sent for a short-duration refresher course at the best of institutions outside India. The objective is to help these master trainers not only update but upgrade their teaching skills and knowledge. They will be exposed to the best of curriculum, pedagogy and sports infrastructure engaged in producing the best of coaches. These Indian master trainers then come back and work towards in-turn training other master trainers and coaches to become master trainers. It is important to note that to ramp up the capacity of master trainers, some expert coaches might have to be taken-out of their current coaching jobs. This would automatically reduce the supply of coaches but only in the short term. However, all this effort will create required supply of coaches in the long run.
8 Key recommendations
The recommendations highlighted in this section have been aimed to address the skill demand-supply gap in the sports sector in India today.
8.1 Bring about a change in attitude

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report Page 40 of 201
Output Average
We all know about the benefits of playing sports, or acquiring sporting skills, but there is still extremely low rate of adoption for sporting activity in our daily schedules. Some of the initiatives taken by the Government, including PYKKA, Come and Play, are directed towards providing a platform to play sports for the interested. This needs to be complemented by changing the mindset of the rest, the majority. Widespread adoption of sporting activities will not only result in a fit and healthy population but also widen the base of our pyramid increasing the talent pool for elite sports and attract investments from private sector. Some of the initiatives for bringing about this change may include: 1. Advocacy Information about the benefits of sports requires not only dissemination but targeted marketing too. Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India has been constantly advising on the benefits of yoga for all age groups. Repeated advertisements in electronic media could be seen which specifically target the daily issues which an individual faces today and how yoga can address the same. It is important to attract people into playing sports by marketing the benefits of playing sports, developing skills like teaming, leadership and developing social networks. Sports celebrities should act as brand ambassadors and be seen as role models. Run online games/ tests and reward or certify levels to attract younger generation. These tests could cover aspects like soft skills, i.e. attitude, team work, confidence, skills of the sport i.e. playing skills, competitive participation levels and knowledge of the sport i.e. general awareness, rules, whos who Corporate and social inclusion Fitness scores should be included in yearend appraisals in the corporate world. Mini sports parlours like videogame parlours in offices and malls, more frequent corporate sports tournaments would help in creating a pull for masses to stay fit and play.
2.
3.
It is important that the implementation of the above initiatives is meticulously planned. Guidelines about where and what to play for each age group and gender would need to be established. These guidelines should allow examining appropriateness of playing field, adherence to safety considerations and matching a sport with individuals strengths and capabilities. It must also emphasize on daily duration for which the activity should be undertaken and how much of this play time should be supervised by a certified coach. The workforce skills, like coaching, nutrition, fitness training, would need to be developed and certified. The certifications would need to be controlled by a central authority and done on the basis of an individuals education levels, experience and sports achievements. This will further require defining skills required for each of the areas. Infrastructure is another key component which would need to be provided for with this attitudinal shift. Corporate events at sports facilities and allowing usage of sports facilities at night should be promoted. The Government currently has a scheme under which corporate could hire any sports facility on rental basis for the duration of the event. However, the service should be available on the click of a button. People should be able to view the facilities existing in the areas, their availability, charges and reserve the same, including payment, over a webportal itself. Further, the Government could provide this as a service, and not just space, in terms of providing security and other manpower assistance during the corporate event. To ensure financial feasibility of opening facilities at night, all new developments are done in a modular mode. Thereby, all utilities including electricity are used only for the area under usage and not for the whole facility. Additionally, a system for registration, rating and publishing information about all sports facilities should be established. An initiative in this direction has been already taken by the Government through development of a web-portal for Delhis sports facilities (http://gisserver1.nic.in/delhisports/). However, this needs to be enhanced with information like rating of existing sports facilities, inclusion of private facilities in the region, information on coaches available at these venues, transportation facilities like nearest bus or metro station, membership fees, timings and details of available sports facilities. A sports (event) calendar for using the existing infrastructure through the year in various sports by various teams should be drawn. This will allow organized and increased participation from budding as well as existing sportspersons, and also give opportunity to boost sports tourism. The idea is to allow self-sustainable events only, which mandatorily provide for at least 75% representation from local sportspersons, teams and match officials.
8.2 Include sports in education

It has been unfortunate that over all these years, educational excellence has meant academic achievement only. There is little focus on fitness or sports. As per a recent study (N-DOC), 32% of school going children in Delhi and 30% in Mumbai are overweight and it is a rising trend. The primary reason is minimal outdoor activities. Education has two components, i.e. academics and sports. Sports should form a part of the curriculum and performance of the child should be marked. Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report Page 41 of 201
To start the implementation of this concept, the subject may be considered as an extra-curricular activity but eventually, a child should be promoted only if he/ she achieves minimum marks in sports. Depending on the level accomplished by a student, certain benefits to encourage him/ her to compete at the elite level or choose sports as a full time career may be given. For example,
f f f f
Level I Scoring between 50% to 70% marks gets a certificate of appreciation Level II Scoring between 70% to 80% marks gets 50% scholarship in school fees Level III Scoring between 80% to 90% marks gets 100% scholarship on school fees Level IV Scoring above 90% marks additionally gets selected in an elite sports institution.
It may be made mandatory for all schools to organize annual sports fairs, which may have stalls from equipment vendors, coaching academies, sports related health/ fitness products and other sports accessories. This shall require designing sports curriculum for inclusion in main stream education, with adequate emphasis on the pedagogy and testing measures for sports skills.
8.3 Define competencies (skills) in sports

Today, most of the academic institutions across the country do not differentiate between physical education and sports. The physical education teacher conducts the physical education classes, which include physical training as well as playing sports with minimal supervision. Similarly, even at elite sports level, there is unclear distinction between a sports coach and a nutritionist or physiotherapists or sports doctor. Sports coaches are performing dual tasks of coaching as well as psychotherapy for the sportspersons. What constitutes sporting talent is another question which has different answers for different institutions and geographies. Therefore, the basic requirement is to define skills in the sports sector. The primary task in the process is to define the outcomes expected or the various occupations the sector needs to achieve the outcomes. In other words, the ultimate outcome may be sportspersons, elite or non-elite (fitness), but there are multiple occupations which feed into developing a sportsperson, directly or indirectly. The occupations would then need to be translated into competencies (knowledge, skill and attitude), which in turn define educational requirements, especially curriculum, duration and pedagogy. Most of the developed nations like UK have established national occupational standards in the sports sector and these clearly translate into their education policy. These standards, approved by UK government regulators, specify performance benchmarks and the knowledge and skill required to achieve the same. Once the requisite skills for each occupation are defined, the skill identification and certification process could also be streamlined. For identifying talented sportspersons, a battery of tests, taking age, gender and specific sport into consideration, should be designed and adopted by all institutions engaged in the process. Similarly, certification and continuous education of supports skills like coaching will be enabled once the standard set of skills is defined and promulgated. Another issue in the sector relates to no defined career path for sportspersons who are unable to reach the elite level or for elite sportspersons after their elite career fades. Defining skills will help in assessing the possible avenues for skill transferability based upon experience and qualifications. An example for this could be an elite badminton player can also acquire employable competencies to become a badminton coach, commentator or administrator. Though, he may be required to attain certain additional certifications. The concept has been widely adopted in other countries. There is a lot of focus on dual career of sportspersons, such that if they are unable to reach elite levels, their skills are usable in other professions. Recognizing the importance of the dual career concept, the European Olympic Committee European Union Office has issued guidelines for Promoting Dual Career in the EU. The 47 page document, released in March 2011, tries to address the following two questions - How can athletes better reconcile top-level sporting achievement with education and a career to strengthen their transition from sport into the labour market into a job where athletes can leverage their strengths to further contribute to society and What can be done to support this objective by the national authorities, the sport organisations, business and the athletes themselves?.
8.4 Develop elite sports institutions

In the current scenario, if a student wants to pursue sports as a career, there is not enough time left after the rigorous academic routine which he/ she is mandatorily required to go through. Only if one graduates with certain degree of academic results, he/ she stands a chance of landing with a job. Furthermore, even when a talent sportsperson aspires to reach elite levels, there are not enough quality elite Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report Page 42 of 201
sports institutions to help in the endeavor. Therefore, most of the students end-up choosing academics as a career and the budding sportspersons also have to fall back upon the non-sporting career options. The solution is establishing world-class elite sports institutions, where the focus is producing elite sportsperson. These institutions should be of two types, viz. elite sports schools and elite sports academies. Elite sports schools offer complete education till teenage, with the best of sports education and at the same time, not allowing academics to suffer. This not only ensures that a conducive environment is offered for sporting talent to nurture but as a contingency, enough academic/ vocational skills are imparted for the individual to get a job outside the sports sector. Soccer schools in UK is a successful example in case. Elite sports academies are institutions which focus only on elite sportsperson development. Such institutions must provide training and coaching support from the best Indian and International instructors. Special guest lectures and workshops should be provided by renowned sportspersons. Trainees must be provided with high quality equipment as well as best of infrastructure. Equal emphasis should be laid on support areas like psychology, nutrition, physiotherapy, medicine for overall development of an elite sportsperson. Providing education in these support areas (training the trainers) should be another focus are for the institution. These institutions should also undertake research and development activities in sports sciences and institutionalize a process for continuous improvements in the curriculum and pedagogy. Counseling students and parents on skills being imparted and possible career opportunities should also feature in the charter of the institution. National Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine is only one such effort and a clear roadmap for developing many such institutions across the country needs to be designed. Private participation in operation and maintenance of such institutions, and opening them up for use by general public should also be explored. This will not only increase the utilization of the facilities and provide the best of services to users but also keep the facility well maintained on a self-sustainable basis. Implementation of this concept would require to fix a minimum utilization percentage for each sports facility; restrict use of the facility for wedding processions, loud music, cooking etc.; provide a specified area for dedicated sports facility; fix minimum time for which multipurpose facility will be used for sports and restrict charging exorbitant entry fee for access to economically weaker section. Promoting this form of public-private participation may require providing technical assistance (public-private contractual templates) to sports authorities and making this a pre-condition for any sort of funding. To effectively plan and monitor the implementation of the above recommendations, it is extremely important to establish an information repository for the sports sector. The biggest issue any such study or research faces is the lack of data. There is little information on our elite sportspersons, sports skill development institutions or the inventory of infrastructure. It is utmost difficult for a budding sportsperson to know of, and understand, the schemes/ incentives which the Government has provided for his/ her development. There is information asymmetry between the employers of skills and the skilled workforce. Therefore, a sports Information system needs to be established and provide information on sports occupations, competencies and qualifications, on schemes for talent spotting, training, education, employment and on sports courses and institutions. The web application should also provide for registration and accreditation/ certification of various stakeholders in the ecosystem.
8.5 Key action points for NSDC

While the sector skill council will be the primary agency to take corrective action in the sports sector, NSDC will be an important stakeholder to provide an impetus to the same. Following are a few action points for NSDC in this direction. I. II. III. Promote setup of sports sector skill council with clear mandate to act upon the above recommendations Ensure participation from multiple stakeholders like MoYAS, MoHRD, MoHFW through formation of a multi-sectoral committee, especially for finalization of the national fitness program and its subsequent implementation Provide inputs to sector skill council and MoYAS/ SAI for working on areas like formulating National Occupational Standards for sports, translating the same into an educational framework and defining the functional requirements of SIS (like Labour Market Information System) Support innovative setups in the business of sports marketing/ awareness, sports in education, training the trainers and establishing sports schools. This support could be in the form of financial assistance or technical assistance with guidance from the SSC.
IV.
8.6 Concept for sports sector skill council

Implementation of many of the above recommendations would need to be undertaken by a group of experts from sports, education and health fields. As of today, NSDC has promoted formation of many such associations, called sector skill councils with the basic idea of addressing various issues, in the direction of bridging skill gaps. Following is a conceptual plan on the role, governance, legal format, funding and executive operations of a sports sector skill council.
Page 44 of 201
Table 17: Conceptual plan Sports sector skill council

Role
Prepare NOS and educat ional qualificat ion framework Advising Government on improvements t o PYKKA, CCE, NPFAI, NFP Design curriculum for sport s schools Provide plat form for Government -Privat e part nership Run accredit at ion, cert ificat ion schemes and maint ain dynamic web applicat ion Indust ry associat ion (rep. businesses and sponsors) Minist ry of Yout h Affairs & Sport s Minist ry of Healt h Minist ry of HRD

Governing body
Player frat ernit y (Khel rat na awardees) Coach frat ernit y (Dronacharya awardees) Skill development expert (NSDC) Planning commission
Legal format
To st art wit h, t he sport s SSC could be regist ered as a Societ y If subst ant ial execution responsibility is given t o t he SSC, it may be incorporat ed as a Sect ion 25 company There is always a possibilit y t hen of it s conversion from not -for-profit int o for-profit (rest rict ed) ent it y Init ial grant from NSDC In case of execut ion role, loan from NSDC, Privat e and Government (st ructuring int o int erest free or bearing) Self-generat ion of revenue t hrough sale of sponsorship/ branding right s of websit e, event s et c. Sport s sciences Player management Infrast ructure Dual career

Funding
Execut ive divisions
Int ernat ional coordinat ion Sport s in educat ion Talent development Skill development
To conclude this skill gap study for sports sector in India, it will be an understatement to suggest that sports sector, like any other sector, faces certain skill gap issues and hence, needs urgent attention. In India, sports sector has been one of the most neglected and at the same time, deserving sectors over the years. In the first place, there have been only a few policies like PYKKA or Come & Play which have any transformation intent and to add to the issue, successful execution of even those policies has failed. Sports is one sector which adds to a countrys growth through not only directly contributing to GDP increase and employment generation but also indirectly contributing by maintaining good health, mind as well as body, of the citizens. It is high time key stakeholders in the field of sports, health and education collaborate and attend to issues in infrastructure, trained personnel and career at the grassroots as well as elite level.
Page 45 of 201
ure I: Inventory of sports

Indian Association / Federation (3) 25 Year of hosting a mega International Number of Member Associations (4) International level infrastructure (9) National Awards (8) Domestic competitions (6) Investment in sports (7) sports institutions (10)
Sports courses offered by
ance at International level (1)
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
ACI AFFI (American Football Federation of India) 18 Elite Football League of India NFL players Mike Ditka, Michael Irvin, Ron Jaworski, and Brandon Chillar. Ten Sports Hollywood actor Mark Wahlberg American brand marketing consultant Sunday Zellar
0 0
Total
CwG
Shri Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex ,Balewadi, Pune.
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
3 gold,1 silver and 4 bronze in 2010
1 in 2006 3 in 2010
Silver in World Outdoor Target Championsh ip 2005 Bronze in World Cup
1982 Asian Games 2010 Commonwealth games
AAI
43 including 16 provisional associatio ns
3 domestic events (national)
Sahara India Pariwar will sponsor the men's as well as women's National Archery teams for the next 4
Yamuna Sports Complex in Delhi
Government of India
websites
/index.html
esearch
Page 46 of 201
Indian Association / Federation (3) 25
Year of hosting a mega International
Number of Member Associations (4)
International level infrastructure (9)
Sports courses offered by sports institutions (10)
National Awards (8) Domestic competitions (6) Investment in sports (7)
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
finals in 2010 Silver in World Championsh ip 2011 2 in 2002 3 in 2006 12 in 2010 15 in 1998 18 in 2002 9 in 2006 12 in 2010 1 bronze in 2003 IAFF World Championsh ip in Athletics 1982 Asian Games 2010 Commonwealth games 13th World Half Marathon AFI 43 20domesti c events (national)
spent INR 23.76 crore towards preparation of Indian team for commonwealth games 2010 ATE, Vinex, Shivnaresh Sports, Neldo: eqipment and kit suppliers DD Sports: broadcast partners of the AFI Government of India: spent INR 65.13 crore towards preparation of Indian team for commonwealth games 2010 85 3 11 5 104 Jawahar Lal Nehru Sports Complex in Delhi
IAF
25
1 National Champions hip
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
4 in 1998 1 in 2002 2 in 2006
1 in 1974 5 in 1982 1 in 1986
Prakash Padukone and Pullela Gopichand won the All England
2009 BWF World Championships 2010 commonwealth games
BAI
36
7th in World Team Rankin gs
13 domestic events 20 Int
Premier brands are the title sponsors for men's and women's teams Government of India spent INR 15.33
34
37
Siri fort in Delhi
Page 47 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
4 in 2010
Badminton Open in 1980 and 2001 respectively
1982 Asian games
crore towards preparation of Indian team for commonwealth games 2010
BBFI
32
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
BFI ABFI 27
Indian women 's team :10
4 domestic events (national) -
0 0
Fourth place at the 1951 Asian games
1951,1982 Asian Games
BFI
31
49
IMG-Reliance has signed a 30-year contract with the BFI NBA conducts grassroots level events across India and plans to float a professional league
18
20
2, Kerala, Orissa
4 in 1998 3 in 2002 4 in 2006 4 in
World Billiards Championsh ip: Geet Sethi: 1992,1993, 1995,1998,
BSFI
16
ONGC sponsors billiards and snooker tournaments in the country.
14
21
Karnataka State Billiards Association
ONGC has many players on its
Page 48 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
2010
2006 Pankaj Advani: 2009 Anuja Thakur: 2006 Chitra Magimairaj: 2007, 2008 Indian men's team won the World Snooker Championsh ip in 2006
payrolls
BSA Cycles sponsored the first East Zone snooker championship in 2011.
4 in 1998 1 in 2002 2 in 2006 7 in 2010
2 in 1998 2 in 2006 9 in 2010
World Amateur Boxing Championsh ips Men: 1 bronze in 2009,2011 Women: 8 in 2006, 4 in 2008, 2 in 2010
1982 Asian games
IBF
31
11 domestic events
Sahara India backs some Indian boxers Monet Steel Group : signed a $ 1 million deal with boxers as kit sponsors Percept Sports signed notable
32
43
Total
CwG
Talkatora in Delhi
4th World Women Amateur Boxing Championships
(national)
2010 Commonwelath games
boxers for a 3 year endorsment deal Government of India spent INR 12.92
Page 49 of 201
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
crore towards preparation of Indian team for commonwealth games 2010
IBA BFI 2010 Commonwealth games IBBF BFI / LBFI 24 6 domestic events Government of India: -spent INR 9.52 crore towards commonwealth games 2010 preparation 16th Bridge Federation of Asia and Middle East Championships 2011 BFI 23 member state associatio ns 12 associated members Summer /Winter Nationals National Masters 8 other bridge tournament s HCL, Sree Cement sponsor bridge tournaments
4 -
0 0 4 0 JN stadium in Delhi
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
Page 50 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
2 in 2006 2 in 2010
1st World Chess Championsh ip in 2000, 2007, 2008, 2010 1st World Rapid Chess Championhi p
2010 Asian games
AICF
45
7: Men's Rankin g 5: Women 's Rankin g
NIIT: NIIT Mindchampionship Academy to initiate students into chess IGNOU: Certificate program in Chess with NIIT
15
19
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
CFI World Championsh ip: - 4 in 2004 - 9 in 2008 World Cup - 5 in 2001 - 11 in 2006 World Championships 1991,2000 World Cup 2006 AICF 30 state associatio ns 17 institutions 5 domestic events (national) Precise Industrial Corporation is the sponsor
0 0 -
Page 51 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
1983, 2007 & 2011
1987, 1996, 2011
BCCI
30
Ranji Trophy IPL Duleep Trophy
Sahara Group: 1) PWI: INR 1,800 crore 2) Indian Cricket Team sponsorship till 2013 - INR 500 crore Nimbus sports: broadcast rights for all International and domestic cricket played in India from 2006-2014 Nike: kit sponsors
43
49
Total
CwG
Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi, UP, Haryana, Nagpur, Ahmedabad, Cuttack, Jaipur & Punjab
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
CFI Gold in World Championsh ips 1996,1999, 2000,2001, 2002 Bronze in 2004 3rd World Cycle Polo Championships 2000 CPFI 32 8 domestic events (national) -
0 0 Army Polo and Riding club, Delhi
Page 52 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
3 at 1951 Asian games
1951,1982 Asian games 2010 Commonwealth games
CFI
26
Tour de Mumbai National Games National Champions hips India Cyclothon
Hero Cycles : sponsors of the India Cyclothon 2012. Sport 18 : Sport 18 is the sponsor of India Cyclothon and plans to expand it to 22 cities. Government of India: -spent INR 30.90 crore towards commonwealth games 2010 preparation
Total
CwG
IG stadium in Delhi
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
1 bronze in 1998 2 Bronze, in 2006 and 2002
1st CSI Jumping Challenge Bangalore
1982 Asian games CSI Bangalore 2007 CCI Jaipur 2012
EFI
20
The highest ranked Indian is 847 in the world
National Equestrian Championh sips (Senior/Ju nior) Army Champions hips Delhi Horse Show
Army Equestrian Centre, Delhi
Page 53 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
FAI
National Fencing Championships (senior/junior) National games
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
1 in 2002 1 in 2006 1 in 2010
2 in 1998 1 in 2002 1 in 2006 1 in 2010
Won the 1975 Hockey world cup Won Men's Asia Cup 2003, 2007 Won the Women's Asia Cup in 2004 Won the Sultan Azlan Shah Tournament in 1985,1991, 1995,2009, 2010
1982 Asian games 2010 Commonwealth games 1982, 2010 Hockey World Cup Men's Asia Cup 1989, 2007 Women's Asia Cup 1999, 2004 1996, 2005 Men's Champions Trophy
Hockey India
37
World Series Hockey Senior National Hockey Tournamen t National games 30 state competitio ns 3 junior level competiton s
Sahara India: - will financially back India mens and womens hockey teams at all levels. - Five year contract as the main apparel sponsor for Hockey India, starting with the Olympic qualifiers in February, 2012 .
77
90
National stadium in Delhi
Nimbus sports: have looked to invest approximately INR 100 Crore on a 35 day tournament (World Series Hockey).
Bridgestone: Naming rights for the upcoming World Series Hockey
Page 54 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
tournament. Government of India spent INR 28.51 crore towards preparation of Indian team for commonwealth games 2010 FFI 17 National Champions hip 0 Dr. Nandurkar's College Sports Hall, Yavatmal, Maharashtra. Gold medals in 1951 and 1962 AFC Challenge Cup in 2008 Nehru Cup in 2007, 2009 All editions of Nehru Cup 2008 AFC Challenge Cup 1951, 1982 Asian games AIFF 35 144 I-League; Federation cup Super cup Santosh Trophy 1) IMG Reliance: INR 700 Crore deal with AIFF 2) Zee: $70 million for football broadcasting rights 3) JSW Group: INR 200 Crore 2 Gold in 1982; 1 Gold in 2002 Arjun Atwal first indian to win on the US PGA 1982 Asian Games Professional Golf Tour of GFI IGU Jeev Milkha Singh : Highest 11 Trophies Rolex : Time keepers of the Indian Golf Union 16 0 0 16 Qutub, DGC, DLF, Jaypee in NCR; 22 1 23 Kolkatta -
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
Page 55 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
1 Silver in 2006
TourWyndham Championsh ip
India since 1997 Johnny Walker Classic 2008 Avantha Masters 1998,1999,200 0, 2003, 2008, 2011
ranked Indian 193
2 in 2010
1 bronze in 2010
1982 Asian games 2010 Commonwealth games
GFI
28 state associatio ns and 7 departmen ts
Government of India: -spent INR 17.68 crore towards commonwealth games 2010 preparation
Total
CwG
IG stadium in Delhi
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
HFI
Chattarsal Stadium, New Delhi
IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia 2012
IHAI
11
National events in Shimla, Kasmir and Ladakh
Dehradun
ISAI 4 in 1986 1 in 1994 4 Gold (2 in 2010) 1st in 2004,2007, 2010,2011 Kabaddi World Cup in 2004,2007,201 AKFI 33 6 domestic events (national) Pearls Infrastructure Group : Title sponsors of world JFI 28 5 domestic events (national)
0 7 -
26
29
Page 56 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
(Men) Ist in 2012 (Women)
0,2011 Women's world cup in 2012
cups 2010,2011 Omex, Trident: Co Sponsors of world cup 2010
AIKF and NKFI 32 state members 4 para millitary forces 125 style members
0 0
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
1 in 1994
1982 Asian games
KCAI
41
8 domestic events(nati onal)
Sunny Water Sports Products, RAE Sports: Authorised boat manufacturers
Ist Asian Kho Kho Championhsip 1996
KFI
41
13
14
1995 World Championship
IKF
14
0 0
IG stadium in Delhi
INLF IALA
0 0 0
MFI
Page 57 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
2011
MAAI MAI / FMSCI
1967 .84 crore Jaypee; INR 100 crore - JK Tyre INR 500 crore Sahara Group
0 0
Total
CwG
Jaypee in Greater Noida
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
IMF
Around 300 clubs/associations
MTI
23
2010 commonwealth games
NFI
27
25
Thyagaraj in Delhi
FIP Ambasaadors Cup 2012
IPA
33 clubs
Indian Polo Champions hip Kingfisher polo classic
Tag Heur: Official time keeper (20062009) Reid and Taylor: title sponsor of the Indian Polo Championship Kingfisher sponsors
Jaipur Polo Ground, New Delhi
Page 58 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
a polo tournament
IPF 2nd in Roll Ball World Cup 2011 2011 Roll Ball world cup IRBF
3 domestic events (national) Airtel, DD Sports, Radio City are the sponsors
6 -
1 -
7 0 0
Total
CwG
Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex,Pun e
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
2 in 1998 1 in 2002 3 in 2006 5 in 2010 -
Bronze at the World Rowing Woeld Cup II 2009
1982 Asian games
RFI
20
13
15
RSFI
16
3 National Champions hips
2 bronze in 2010
2010 Commonwealth games
IRFU
75
National Gmaes
Delhi University Stadium, Delhi
Page 59 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
Bronze in 2007 4 medlas in World Championships 2009
STAI
Men : 11 Women :9
National games
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
7 in 1998 24 in 2002 27 in 2006 30 in 2010
3 in 1998 2 in 2002 14 in 2006 8 in 2010
2 gold and 1 bronze at the ISSF World Shooting Championh sip in 2010
NRAI
53
National shooting competitio n , All India GV Mavlankar Shooting Champions
Sahara sponsors National Shooting Championships
31
36
Dr. Karni Singh in Delhi
1 gold at ISSF World Cup finals in 2010
hip , Kumar Surendra Singh Memorial Air Weapon Shooting Champions hip , Sardar Sajjan Singh Sethi Masters Shooting Champions hip
SBFI
National Championship Federation Cup
Page 60 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
SAI (Snowboard Association of India)
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
ASTFI
24
SAI
29
Federation Cup National Championhsips
1 in 2006 3 in 2010
2010 commonwealth games World Cup 2011
SRFI
22
Highest ranked woman player: 15 Highest ranked male player: 25
National Squash Champions hip National Games
Siri fort in Delhi
1 in 2010
1 in 2010
1951, 1982 Asian games 2010 Commonwealth games
SFI
28
Speedo
22
22
Dr. S.P. Mukerjee in Delhi
Page 61 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
3 in 2002 3 in 2006 5 in 2010
1982 Asian games 1987 World Championships 2010 commonwealth games
TTFI
33 state associatio ns 27 institution s
30
Stag International Limited: sponsors 23 state teams and the Indian TT team. Government of India: -spent INR 12.52 crore towards commonwealth games 2010 preparation
23
23
Total
CwG
Yamuna Sports Complex in Delhi
1 bronze medal in 2002
3rd in 2nd Internation al Taekwondo Champions hips
International Taekwondo Championships in 2006,2008, 2010
TFI
Informedia 18, Manisha Agri Biotech, Shivaaz: sponsors of the International Taekwondo Championship
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
36th in World Taekwondo Champions hips (Women) 41st in World Taekwondo Champions hips (Men)
organized by TFI in 2010.
Page 62 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
3rd in World Champions hips 2006,201 0
World Championships 2006
TKFI
27
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
4 in 2010
4 in 1998 4 in 2002 4 in 2006 5 in 2010
Davis Cup runners up in 1966,197 4,1987
AITA
32
India Davis cup Rank :20 India Fed Cup Rank: 45
AITA Tournaments eg. 10k,10L National series (junior players) National Games
15
16
RK Khanna in Delhi
TBCFI
34
[1] Informedia 18 EY Research http://nationaltaek wondocommittee.c om/events.html
TBFI TFI
Federation Cup National Throwball Championships
0 0
Page 63 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
TFI/ Gymnastics Federation of India
28
National Trampoline Gymnastics Champions hip
Total
CwG
Indira Gandhi Sports Complex
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
India International Triathlon 2010
ITF
26 affiliated members 5 associated members
National Triathlon National Championship
1 in 1958,19 62,1986
2nd in 2003
1951,1982 Asian games
TWFI VFI 30
27
5 National Champions hips National Games Indian Volley League Bullpowers, Josindechayesh, Tigers sponsor the Indian Volley League
22
0 26
2011 South Asian Winter games
WGFI
17
13 in 1998 27 in 2002 9 in 2006 8 in 2010
4 in 1994 1 in 1998
IWF
34
National Champions hips National Games
Shivnaresh Sports: Website partners Government of India spent INR 17.45 crore towards commonwealth games 2010
33
38
JN stadium in Delhi
Page 64 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
preparation
6 in 2002 9 in 2006 19 in 2010
1 in 2002 6 in 2006 3 in 2010
WFI
40
52
Total
CwG
JN & IG stadiums in Delhi
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
2008 Water Ski World Cup
WWSFI
1 in 2006 2 in 2010
WAI
43
2 in 1994 3 in 2002 1 in 2006 1 in
1982 Asian games India International Regatta
YAI
9 class associatio ns 52 clubs
National Games National Champions hips organised by various member
India International Regatta 2011 partners: - Raymond, Gamesa, Tissot were the gold partners - Government of
16
19
Chennai Sailing Academy
Page 65 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
2010
class association s
India
YFI IBSA
0 0
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
AISCD PCI
0 0
SOB
SGFI
APFI
APFI -
0 0 0 0 0
0 0
Page 66 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
Page 67 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
0 0 0 0 0
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
0 0 0 -
0 0 0 0
Page 68 of 201
RG Khel Ratana
World Rank (5)
Dhyan Chand
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya
event (2)
Award
Award
World
Asian
0 0 0 0 0
Total
CwG
BANGALORE
SAI NS NIS,
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 69 of 201
CwG
-
Asian
World
-
Year of hosting a mega International event (2)

-

World Rank (5)
-
Page 70 of 201
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
Domestic competitions (6)
Investment in sports (7)
Arjuna Award
National Awards (8)
RG Khel Ratana Dronacharya Award Dhyan Chand Award Total
(10)
SAI NS NIS, PATIALA SAI (NSSC) BANGALORE
sports institutions
Sports courses offered by
Annexure II: Profiling of high impact sports

Archery
A. Introduction
Archery events for men were held in the Olympic Games from 1900 to 1920 and for women in 1904 and 1908. It was re-introduced in the 1972 Olympic Games, for both men & women and continued thereafter. The Federation Internationale de Tir a L'Arc (FITA) is the International Governing Body for the sports of Archery. There are two division of Archery competitions are being played - Recurve division and Compound division. Recurve division has been played since 1920s and the Compound Division was introduced in 1998 in the World Championship and in 2000 in the Asian Championship. Recurve division competition is the part of Olympic, Asian, Commonwealth, SAF Games whereas Compound Archery is played in World Championship Asian Championships and Commonwealth Games. Archery Association of India has introduced the Compound Archery competition in the Senior Nationals in 2004. Indian Round event playing with bamboo bow and arrow was introduced in 1993 in India which greatly helped to enhance the popularity of Archery in the country.
B.
Hierarchy of the sport

The selection of the national team is done through the following levels:
Levels

Tournaments
Oly mpic G ames W or ld Cup Championships W or ld Cup Commonwealt h G ames A sian Championships A sia G r and Pr ix
National / International*
Zonal/ Regional
Regional Tr aining Cent r e Tour nament s
State
Nat ional Ranking A r cher y Cir cuit Tour nament (NRA CT) Senior Nat ional Championships J unior Nat ional Tour nament Sub-J unior Nat ional Championships Int er Dist r ict Tour nament s School and Club Lev el
District
Block/Village
Tour nament s under Panchay at Yuv a Kr ida A ur Khel A bhiy an(PYKKA )
* Details of key national/international tournaments have been provided in section 3.3
Page 71 of 201
C.
Current status
I. Government Support
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Archery is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport. Till date the government has recognized 9 professionals:

Dronacharya Award Arjuna Award
01 08 28
II.
Key Partnerships
Sahara India 29: Sahara India Pariwar, has pledged to support and adopt the sport of Archery in India. For Archery, Sahara has announced that it will sponsor the Mens as well as Womens National Archery Teams till 2013. Sahara will also pay incentives to the top 10 Archers of India each year on the basis of their annual performance and the most consistent performer and promising Archers would be selected annually in consultation with Archery Association of India. In addition to this, Sahara India Pariwar will also be the Title Sponsor of the Senior National Archery Championship up till 2013
III.
Key Tournaments
International
Olympic Games: Archery had its debut at the 1900 Olympics and has been contested in 13 Olympiads. Eighty three different nations have appeared in the Olympic archery competitions. It is governed by the International Archery Federation. Recurve archery is the only discipline of archery featured at the Olympic Games. World Championships: An event that is hosted every two years. The top archers from the world compete in recurve and compound disciplines World Cup: World Cup Ranking Archery Tournaments has given an opportunity to Archers to compete against top archers of the world four times in a year. Recurve and compound are the disciplines which are competed These tournaments give encouragement not only to Archers but also to Nations for making the effort to come with full teams to all the event, as provision of Cash Award for Nations are also made. World Cup Final: Subject to qualification in all 4 World cup events. It is held once a year. Recurve and compound are the disciplines which are competed Commonwealth Games: It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since the 1982 and has only featured twice in the competition's history, at the 1982 Commonwealth Games and at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. As it is an optional sport and may or may not be included in the sporting programme. Recurve and Compound are the two disciplines competed. Asian Championships: The event is held every two years for athletes in Asia. Recurve and compound are the two disciplines competed Asian Games: Archery has been an event at the Asian Games since 1978 in Bangkok, Thailand. Recurve archery is the only discipline featured
Other events are the South Asian Championships and the South Asian Games
Domestic:
Senior National Championships
28 29
http://www.olympic.ind.in/award.html Sahara Pariwar, Ernst & Young research
Page 72 of 201
Junior National Tournament Sub-Junior National Championships National Ranking Archery Circuit Tournament (NRACT)
Archery tournaments in the country are played at four levels. The most basic being District, followed my State, Regional and ultimately National level representation. District level competitions are School level & Club levels. Each district level has a recognized district association. Each State Archery Association is affiliated to the AAI. They are responsible for conducting State and Inter-District Championships. On the basis of State Championships and trials, State teams are selected for National Championships and National Games. Regional Training Centres (RTCs), Inter-Training Centres competitions are conducted at various locations, on monthly basis under the supervision of Indian Coaches. This enables archers of each Regional Centre may compete against the archers from other centres. Each centre organizes competitions, inviting all other centres to participate.
IV.
Sport Education/courses: 30
Archery Courses in India (archery taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPECPE) Institution Name NS NIS (Kolkatta) Course Name 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching Selection Criteria Duration 1 year
Written test is followed by a technical interview where the candidates experience and achievements are reviewed
2. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior 1. BPEd
f f
NA
NA
Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview
4 years (last year specialized sport)
Other notable Archery Academies in India Name Intake TATA Archery Academy, Jamshedpur Army Sports Institution, Pune Mittal Champions Trust, Bangalore NA 200 Details
f f f
f f f f f f
Impart training with a systematic approach Availing the services of foreign coach. Centres arrange regular short duration Training-cum-Competition exposures with the archers of leading archery countries of the World "Shoot to kill Exercise" is a practice that the centres wish to impart in the athletes. Centres have sophisticated infrastructure and training facilities Due to lack of sufficient archery equipment and scientific support, the desired results are still awaited
f f f f f
Sports Authority of India, Kolkatta Sports Authority of India, Delhi Jharkhand Archery Association, Jamshedpur Andhra Pradhes Archery Association, Hyderabad Gurukul Prabhat Ashram, Meerut
NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA
NA
NA
30
All information for Sports Education/ Courses has been taken from the respective institutions website.
Page 73 of 201
Other notable Archery Academies in India Name Intake Sri Ram Archery Academy Probandhan Archery Academy Thrissur Archery Academy NA NA NA Details NA NA NA
f f f
V.
Sport outreach
Member Associations
Archery Association of India is affiliated to 27 State Archery Associations, 12 Para-Military Forces and other voluntary organizations. It is very popular in the States like Jharkhand, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra, Delhi etc. Archery is part of Inter-University and School Games, Railway Sports Control Board, All India Police Sports Control Board, Steel Plant Services Board, Indo-Tibetan Border Security Force, CRPF, CISF, and SSB.
D. Our success so far

Indian Archery is on the rise. The funding to the sport has increased as shown below and this has improved the level of performances. This may be indicated with the amount spent and the number of medals won (in all forms of international archery tournaments) in past 3 years. An investment of INR 23.76 Crore during the period of 2008 2011 India has won over 100 meda
55 50 45 40 Medals won 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2008-2009 2009-2010 Medals won by Year Spending (` Cr.) Medals Won 2010-2011 10
Archery spending corresponding to medals won

49 41
12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Indian Archery has been given a boost in the country for the preparation of the Commonwealth Games in 2010. The Indian athletes have excelled since the influx of investment in the sport. After a solid performance in the Commonwealth Games winning 8 medals (3 Gold, 1 Silver and 4 Bronze) there is hope for an Olympic medal in the near future. I. International Performances
World Cup Medals 31
31
Source: Archery Association of India, Ernst & Young research
Spending in Cr.
Page 74 of 201
World Cup Medals (2006 - Till date)

4 3 3 3
3
2
Medals
2 1 0 1
1
0
0 2007 1 0 1 2008 1 1 1 2009 3 1 5 2010 3 3 1 2011 1 7 2
2006 1 1 0
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Till the 2008 World Cup, Indias performance had be constant by winning a gold medal at each event. The graph shows better performances at the 2009 and 2010 events and an increased overall medal tally at the 2011 event. The last year three years show Indias potential in the sport. Effective measures need to be taken to boost the countrys archers for future Olympic success.
Asian Championships 32 Asian Championships (1997 - Till date)
3 2 2 2 2 Medals 1 1 0 0 1997 0 0 1 0 0 2005 2 2 2 2007 1 1 2 2009 2 2 2 0 0 2011 0 0 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
0 Gold Silver Bronze
2003 0 1 0
INFERENCE: India has performed well since the 2005 version of the games. This rise in medal tally can be attributed to more investment and interest in the sport. Although there has been a medal drop in the year 2011, Indian archers have shown progress at the Asian Championships since 2005.
Asian Games 33
32 33
Source: Archery Association of India, Ernst & Young research Indian Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research
Page 75 of 201
3 2 2 Medals 1 1 0 0 0 2006 Gold Silver 1
Asian Games
2
0 2010 Bronze Linear (Silver) Linear (Bronze)
INFERENCE: The Asian Games shows a positive trend in the performance of Indian archers. The overall medal tally has increased. India has also won a silver medal at the 2010 edition. This is a promising sign for the future Asian Games.
II.
Domestic Performances 34
National Games (Men) Archery National Games (2011) (Men)

3 2 Medals 1 0 2 2
1 0
1 0
SSCB 2 2 1
Manipur 1 0 1
Delhi 1 0 1
Gold Silver Bronze
The SSCB dominated the national games by winning a total of 5 medals that included 2 gold medals, 2 silvers and 1 bronze. Showing that the SSCB has taken apt steps to produce archers of high quality
National Games (Women)
34
http://bigfather.hubpages.com/hub/34th-National-Games-Jharkhand-2011
Page 76 of 201
Archery National Games (2011) (Women)

4 3 Medals 2 1 0 3 3
2 1 1
0 Jharkhand 3 2 3 Manipur 2 0 1 Assam 1 1 1
Gold Silver Bronze
Jharkhands interest has moved from it being a traditional sport into a sport of choice can be seen. The state won a total of 8 medals including 3 golds, 2 silvers and 3 bronzes. Followed by Manipur with 2 golds
E.
Way forward
Archery is slowly moving away from a traditional sport to a sport of choice. PYKKA will also help increase awareness of the sport in rural and village areas. With the recent performances in the Delhi, Common wealth games and the contribution made from premier academies, there has been an increase in participation at tournaments as well as an increase in the admissions at academies. India has the potential to perform at international tournaments and therefore one can expect a bright future for India archers.
Page 77 of 201
Athletics
A. Introduction
Athletics is an exclusive collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most commonly competed sports in the world. Athletics in India is governed by the Athletics Federation of India and is affiliated to the International Association of Athletics Federations. The Unites States of America is the dominant force in athletics. India has performed well at the Asian games and Asian Championships. It is at the world stage that India athletes have struggled. However, gold medal wins at the recently concluded Delhi Commonwealth games show that India has the potential to perform at International games events.
B.
Levels
Tournaments
Olympic Games Commonwealt h Games Asian Games World At hlet ic Series Asian At hlet ic Championships Nat ional Games Nat ional Open At hlet ics Championship
Zonal/ Regional
Zonal t ournament s Int er zonal t ournament s
State
Int er st at e t ournament s St at e level t ournament s
District
Int er dist rict t ournament s Int er school t ournament s
Block/Village
Tournament s organized under t he PYKKA scheme
Page 78 of 201
C.
Current status
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Athletics is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. Schemes like National Sports Festival also emphasize on development of hockey in the country. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport.
f f
f f f f
R G Khel Ratna Award Dhyan Chand award Dronacharya Award Arjuna Award
03 06 13 85 35
II.
Key Partnerships
f f f f
ATE, Vinex, Nelco 36 are the official equipment suppliers of Athletics Federation of India. Shiv Naresh Sports 37: Its is the official kit supplier of the Athletics Federation of India. DD Sports 38: Official broadcast partner of the Athletics Federation of India. Indian Oil Sports Scholarships: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players with a view to encourage talent and create a pool of sportspersons from whom to select sport appointees to the Corporation.
III.
Key Tournaments
International
Olympic Games: Athletics has been contested at every Summer Olympics since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics. The modern program now comprises track and field events, road running events, and race walking events. Commonwealth Games: Athletics has been a Commonwealth Games sport since the inaugural edition of the games. It is a core sport. Asian Games: Athletics has been an Asian Games event since the 1951 games. World Athletic Series: Includes 9 championship events of which 7 are biennial. It includes championships for indoor athletic events, marathon events and championships for junior and youth sportsperson as well. Asian Championships/Asian indoor Athletic Championships: Biennial events conducted by the Asian Athletics Association. IAAF World Junior Championships in Athletics, held every 2 years (18-19 years of age) IAAF World Youth Championships in Athletics, held every 2 years (17 years of age or younger)
f f f f f f
35 36 37 38
http://www.olympic.ind.in/award.html ATE, Nelco, Vinex, Ernst & Young research Shiv Naresh Sports, Ernst & Young research DD Sports, Ernst & Young research
Page 79 of 201
Domestic:
f f
National Games: Athletics is one of the disciplines in the national games held after every two years. National events: National Open Athletics Championship, National Athletics Circuit Meet, India Grand Prix.
IV.
Athletics Courses in India (athletics taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name NS NIS (Patiala and Bangalore) Course Name 1. MSc in Sports Coaching Selection Criteria f Written test followed by a technical interview. Mandatory requirement should be a Diploma in sports Coaching 2. Diploma in Sports Coaching f Written test is followed by a technical interview where the candidates experience and achievements are reviewed 3. Certificate course in sports coaching f For men & women working in schools/colleges/universities/ industrial houses & other sports associated agencies 4. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching 2. PGD in Sports Coaching 3. BPEd f f f 4. M.PEd. f f f 5. M.Sc. in Sports Coaching Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education (LNCPE), Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 2. MPEd f Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview f Diploma in PEd is mandatory 2 year 1. BPEd f f f Physical fitness test Proficiency test Written test Physical fitness test Proficiency test Written test Written test Interview Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview 3 years 4 semesters 4 semester degree course 4 years (last year specialized sport) f Written test followed by a technical interview 1 Year f Written test followed by a technical interview 1 Year f NA NA 6 weeks 1 year Duration 2 years
39
Page 80 of 201
Other notable Athletics Academies in India Name f f f f f National Institution of Sport Chail Military School Usha School of Athletics Army Sports Institution Motilal Nehru School of Sports Intake f f f f f NA NA NA 300 90 Details f f f f f NA NA NA NA NA
V.
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
f f
The Athletics Federation of India has 43 member associations. Of this 31 are state and UT associations Other 12 members are boards such as the Railways Sports Promotion board, Services Sports Control board, Coal India Sports Promotion board

Athletics is a sport that requires physical attributes as well as raw talent. Indian Athletes have not been able to physically develop as their American and European counterparts have. India has won only 2 gold medals at the Olympics in 1900. Indian Athletics has recently produced results at the Commonwealth games which should spring board the country to future success. This may be indicated with the amount spent and the number of medals won (in all forms of international tournaments) in past 3 years. An investment of INR 65 Crore during the period of 2008 2011 India has won positions in 52 International tournaments 40.
Athletics spending corresponding to medals won

20 19 Medals won 18 17 16 15 14 2008-09 2009-10 Medals won by Year Funds Medals Won 2010-11 17 16 19 30 25 Spending in Cr. 20 15 10 5 0
Indian Athletics has received a large amount of funding to boost the chances of winning medals at the Commonwealth Games. The funding has borne fruit with more podium performances in the year 2010-2011.There needs to be constant funding in order to further increase the chances of winning medals in the next few years. Funding for the sport needs to develop in order to have medal chances at the London Olympics, 2012.
40
Source: Ernst & Young research
Page 81 of 201
I.
International Performances
Commonwealth Games 41 Commonwealth Games Medals (1958 - Till date)

8 7 6 5 Medals 4 3 2 1 0 Gold Silver Bronze 1 0 0 1958 1 0 0 0 1966 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1970 0 0 1 1 0 1974 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1978 0 0 1 1 0 2002 0 1 1 1 1 0 2006 0 2 1 2010 2 3 7 2 1 2 3 7
INFERENCE: Indias first gold at the Commonwealth Games came in 1958. Since then, India has won a total of 6 medals till the 2002 Commonwealth Games. Indias performance has improved drastically since the 2006 Commonwealth Games winning a total of 15 medals in the next two editions. Indian women have been successful at the relay events at the 2010 Commonwealth Games.
Asian Games 42 Asian Games Medals (1951 - Till date)
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Gold Silver
1212 10 6 7 5 22 5 55 55 5 4 4 4 1 1 8 7 3 4 9 8 4 4 2 0 0 1 2 2
7 7 6 6 5 1
Medals
3 2
44
55 2
195 195 195 196 196 197 197 197 198 198 199 199 199 200 200 201 1 4 8 2 6 0 4 8 2 6 0 4 8 2 6 0 10 12 5 3 6 5 2 2 5 1 5 5 1 5 4 5 5 4 7 4 8 7 3 4 9 8 4 2 3 0 4 2 0 1 2 2 6 7 7 6 5 1 4 4 5 2 5
Bronze 12
41 42
Source: Ernst & Young research Source: Ernst & Young research
Page 82 of 201
INFERENCE: India did well at the Asian Games till 1986. From the graph above one can see a drop in performance levels till the 1994 Asian Games. After winning 2 golds at the 1998 games, India has won at least 1 gold at each edition of the Games. Indias performance at the 2010 Asian Games is a result of the performance of the athletes at the Commonwealth Games.
South Asian Games

30 25 20 Medals 15 10 5 0 Gold Silver Bronze 2004 15 12 Gold Bronze 14 2006 15 14 15 2010 10 11 8 Silver 2 per. Mov. Avg. (Gold ) 15 12 14 15 14 15 10 11 8
South Asian Games (2004-2010)
INFERENCE: India has dominated the South Asian Games since 2004. India needs to show more consistency in performances without allowing dip in performance, as seen at the 2010 event. II. Domestic Performances
National Games (Men) Athletics National Games (2007-2011) (Men)

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 13 9 6 9 6 10 5 5 5
Medals
SSCB 13 6 9
Kerala 9 6 10
UP 5 5 5
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Services have dominated the National Games for Athletics at the last two events. Kerala which produces many athletes for the country came in overall second followed by Uttar Pradesh.
Page 83 of 201
National Games (Women) Athletics National Games (2007-2011) (Women)

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 12 11 8 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 1 4
Medals
Kerala 12 11 3
Karnataka 3 2 1
AP 8 3 3
Punjab 3 1 3
Tamil Nadu 3 1 4
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Women athletics has been dominated by the state of Kerala. Kerala historically has done well to produce high quality athletes. This is because of the interest level in the state which can be attributed to athletes such as P.T Usha from the state representing the Indian National team.
E.
Way forward
Athletics has a lot of potential in India. Excelling in athletics can contribute significantly to a countrys medal tally. Athletics is a sport that can easily be promoted at the grassroots level. Therefore, active government support is essential. World class medical facilities need to be made available to the athletes.
Page 84 of 201
Badminton
A. Introduction
In India, Badminton is governed by the Badminton Association of India at the National level, to whom all the State level badminton associations are affiliated. The Badminton Association of India is affiliated to the Badminton World Federation and Badminton Asia Confederation. Asian countries like China, Malaysia and Indonesia along with Denmark are the dominating powers in Badminton. Prakash Padukone and Pulella Gopichand are the most famous Indian shuttlers. Saina Nehwal is currently, the only Indian ranked in the top 10. Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include service judge and line judge.
B.
Levels

Tournaments
BWF Wor ld Championships Copenhagen Mast er s A ll England Open Badmint on A sia Championship Oly mpic Games Commonwealt h Games A sian Games Nat ional Ranking Tour nament s(J unior / Senior )
Zonal/ Regional
Int er zonal t our nament s
State
Int er St at e Tour nament s St at e lev el select ion t our nament s
District
Int er Dist r ict Tour nament s School and Club Lev el
Block/Village
Tour nament s held under PYKKA at t he Panchay at Lev els
Page 85 of 201
C.
Current status
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural areas. Badminton is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. Schemes like National Sports Festival for Women and Promotion of Sports and Games in Schools also emphasize on development of badminton in the country. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport. Till date the government has recognized over 30 professionals:
f f
f f f
R G Khel Ratna Dronacharya Award Arjuna Award
01 02 3443
II.
Key Partnerships
Total Sports Asia: Total Sports Asias (TSA) were the brokers for the first ever multi million US$ shirt sponsorship deal for Indian National Badminton team in 2010. Premier Brands were signed in as the Title Sponsor of both the mens and the womens team where in the brand logo featured on both the team and individual championships. Neo Sports: has entered into a three-year agreement with Total Sports Asia to acquire media rights for the OSIM BWF World Super series from 2011 to 2013 for the Indian Subcontinent. Victor: the no.1 badminton brand in Europe and the global leader in badminton shuttles, has signed a sponsorship deal with the Madhya Pradesh Badminton Association (MPBA). The 2 year deal involves the supply of badminton shuttles and other badminton gear, sponsorships of players and support for MPBA. Indian Oil Sports Scholarships: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players with a view to encourage talent and create a pool of sportspersons from whom to select sport appointees to the Corporation.
f f
III.
Key Tournaments
International
Olympic Games: Badminton had its debut at the 1992 Summer Olympics and has been contested in 5 Olympiads. 50 different nations have appeared in Olympic badminton. It is governed by the Badminton World Federation. India has never won a medal in Badminton at the Olympics. BWF World Championships: It is an annual tournament organized by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) to crown the best badminton players in the world. Commonwealth Games: Badminton debuted at the 1966 Commonwealth Games. India has won 4 gold medals in the games so far. Asian Games: Badminton is one of the regular Asian games sports since 1962. India has never won a gold medal for badminton at the Asian games. The Copenhagen Masters: The Copenhagen Masters is a high-ranking tournament in badminton. It is an invitation tournament held annually since 1993 in the week between Christmas and New Year in Copenhagen. The All England Open Badminton Championships: All England is one of the worlds oldest and most prestigious badminton tournaments. Played annually, it developed after the success of world's first badminton tournament held in Guildford in 1898. Prakash Padukone in 1980 and Pullella Gopichand in 2001 are the Indian winners.
f f f f f
43
http://www.olympic.ind.in/award.html
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f f
The Badminton Asia Championships: It is a tournament organized by the Badminton Asia Confederation to crown the best badminton players in Asia.
Domestic: Within the country, there are domestic competitions at the Senior, Junior and Sub levels. The details of some of these tournaments have been provided here under:
f f f
IV.
National Games: National Games are held after every two years in India. All states of India participate in the games. Senior level tournaments: All India Senior Ranking Badminton Tournament, Senior National Badminton Tournament Junior level tournaments: All India Junior Ranking Badminton Tournament, Junior National Badminton Tournament
Sport Education/courses 44
Badminton Courses in India (Badminton taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name NSNIS, Patiala, India Course Name 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching 2. Certificate course in sports coaching Selection Criteria Duration 1 year 6 weeks
For men and women working in schools/colleges/universities/industrial houses and other agencies associated with sports
3. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior 2. M.PEd. 1. BPEd
f f f f f f f f f
NA Physical fitness test Proficiency test Written test Physical fitness test Proficiency test Written test Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview
NA 4 years (last year specialized sport)
4 semester degree course
Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education (LNCPE), Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram
3. BPE
3 years
4. MPE
2 year
f
5. M.Phil.
Diploma in PEd is mandatory NA
f f
Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview A candidate should have obtained MPE/MPEd (2 years duration) or any equivalent degree in Physical Education from a recognized University
Other notable Badminton Academies in India Name Intake Details
Gopichand Badminton Academy, Hyderabad, India
250
The US$2.5 million badminton training academy contains eight courts, a swimming pool, weight training room, cafeteria and rooms to sleep
The academy focuses on quick and effective recovery of the athletes and has world class facilities for the same.
44
All information gathered from each institutions website
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Prakash Padukone Badminton Academy, Bangalore, India
30
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Onsite Yonex store Exchange programs Elite training programs in collaboration with GoSports(India) Pvt. Ltd. NA NA NA
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National Institution of Sport Yen Bandminton Academy Padukone Shutllers Academy
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NA NA NA
V.
Sport Outreach
Member Associations: BAI has 28 state members that conduct badminton tournaments and have a 2x voting power compared to the 8 affiliate members, who do not conduct tournaments and have a single vote each in the association.

Over the years Indian Badminton has made the country proud through its excellent on-field performances. Unfortunately they have never won a medal at the Olympics, but have won prestigious tournaments such as The All England Open Championships. The performances have realized medals (in all forms of international tournaments) in past 3 years. With an investment of INR 16 Crore during the period of 2008 2011 India has won positions in International tournaments (2 Gold; 1Silver and 1 Bronze) 45.
5 4 Medals won 3 2 1 0 0 2008-2009
Badminton spending corresponding to medals won

4
7 6 4 3 2 1 0 2010-2011 Spending in Cr. 5
0 2009-2010 Medals won by Year Spending (` Cr.) Medals Won
Indian performances have realized medals in the year 2010-2011, with podium finishes at the Commonwealth games and the Asian Games. I. International Performances
Commonwealth Games 46
45 46
Source: Indian Olympics Committee website; EY research Source: Ernst & Young research
Page 88 of 201
Commonwealth Games Medals (1978 - Till date)

4 3 Medals 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 2 2 1 1
1978 1 0 1
1982 1 0 0
1998 0 2 2
2002 0 0 1
2006 0 0 2
2010 2 1 1
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: India has managed to finish at the podium since 1998 in every edition. The Indian contingent won its first gold and had the largest medal count since 1998 at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. Indian shuttlers have been able train hard in better facilities. Investments in the last few years have increased the infrastructure available.
Asian Games 47 Asian Games (1974 - 1986)

6 5 4 Medals 3 2 1 0
1 0 0 1974 0 0 1 0 0 1982 0 0 5 0 0 1986 0 0 1
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: India has never won an individual medal at the Asian Games. This is because China has dominated the Asian Games singles events. The last medal India won at the Asian Games was in 1986 which was a team bronze. II. Domestic Performances
National Games (Men)
47
Source: Source: Ernst & Young research
Page 89 of 201
Badminton National Games (2007-2011) (Men)

4 3 Medals 2 1 0 0 0 3 3 3
1 0
1 0 0
Kerala 3 0 0
AP 1 1 3
Karnataka 0 1 1
Maharshtra 0 3 0
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Kerala have done extremely well as a state in the Badminton Nationals having won 3 golds followed by Andhra Pradesh with one gold, silver and 3 bronzes.
National Games (Women) Badminton National Games (2002-2011) (Women)
3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Gold Silver Bronze
3 2
Medals
AP 3 1 1
Maharshtra 1 3 3
Kerala 1 1 2
INFERENCE: Andhra Pradesh has dominated with 3 golds, followed by one each from Maharashtra and Kerala
E.
Way forward
In the recent times, the rise of Indian badminton star Saina Nehwal, who is currently No.5th in world badminton, has helped to raise the popularity of badminton in India. There has been an increase in interest in the sport. Badminton is a sport that is dominated by Asian countries as it requires more skill than power. Therefore, India has a huge potential in Badminton and efforts must be made by sports ministry to capitalize on that.
Page 90 of 201
Basketball
A. Introduction
Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports. Competitive basketball is primarily an indoor sport, but less regulated variations are often played outdoors in both inner city and remote areas. The distinction between amateur and professional was eliminated in 1986. FIBA approved the rule that allowed NBA players to compete in international tournaments, including the Olympics. The USA is the most dominant country in world basketball. The Basketball Federation of India is the sports governing body in India. It is affiliated to the International Basketball federation (FIBA), which is the sports international governing body. India is currently ranked 41 in the world. The first ever professional basketball league in India was held in 2010. NBA also plans to float a basketball league in India. Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include assistant referee (linesman).
B.
Levels
Tournaments
Olympic Games Commonwealt h Games Asian Games FIBA World Championships Nat ional Games Nat ional Basket ball Championships Federat ion Cup
Zonal t ournament s
Zonal/ Regional
State
St at e Championships
District
School Tournament s ( U-15,17) Int er Collegiat e Tournament s
Block/Village
Page 91 of 201
C.
Current status
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Basketball is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. Schemes like National Sports Festival for Women also emphasize on development of Basketball in the country. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport.
f f
f f
II.
Dhyan Chand award Arjuna Award
02 1848
Key Partnerships
IMG-Reliance 49: IMG, the New York-based sports-management agency, and Reliance Industries Ltd had formed IMG Reliance in 2010 to develop sports and entertainment in India. The company has already signed a 30-year contract with the Basketball Federation of India (BFI) that allows for the floating of a professional league. NBA 50: United States' National Basketball Association (NBA) is planning to establish a professional league in India. NBA has conducted grassroots events across India for the past two years, and this season there are six games a week shown live on television in the country. Mahindra Group 51: The Mahindra group backs a community based basketball league in the country. Nike, Adidas and Coca Cola 52 are NBAS marketing partners in India. Indian Oil Sports Scholarships: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players with a view to encourage talent and create a pool of sportspersons from whom to select sport appointees to the Corporation.
f f f
III.
Key Tournaments
International
Olympic Games: Basketball has been a Summer Olympics sport for men consistently since 1936. Women's basketball was played in the Olympics only since 1976. Since, 1992 Olympics, professional sportsperson have been participating in the games. Commonwealth games: Basketball made its only appearance in the commonwealth games in 2006. Asian games: Basketball is an Asian Games sport since the 1951 edition. The Asian Games tournaments were the de facto Asian championships until the Asian Basketball Confederation Championship was founded in 1960. FIBA World Championships: FIBA World Championships are held every four years. FIBA Under-21 World Championship FIBA Under-19 World Championship, held every 2 years FIBA Under-17 World Championship, held every 2 years
f f f f f f f f f
48 49 50 51 52
Domestic: National Games: Basketball is one of the disciplines in the national games held after every two years. National Basketball Championships: These championships are held every year for senior, junior and sub junior level players.
http://www.olympic.ind.in/award.html IMG-Reliance, Ernst & Young research NBA, Ernst & Young research Mahindra Group, Ernst & Young research Nike, Adidas, Coca Cola-Ernst & Young research
Page 92 of 201
f
IV.
Federation Cup: Annual tournament
Basketball Courses in India (basketball taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name NS NIS (Patiala ) Course Name 1. MSc in Sports Coaching Selection Criteria Duration 2 years
Written test followed by a technical interview. Mandatory requirement should be a Diploma in sports Coaching
2. Diploma in Sports Coaching 3. Certificate course in sports coaching
1 year
For men and women working in schools / colleges / universities / industrial houses and other agencies associated with sports
6 weeks
4. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching 2. PGD in Sports Coaching 1. BPEd
NA Written test followed by a technical interview Written test followed by a technical interview Physical fitness test Proficiency test Written test Physical fitness test Proficiency test Written test Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview
NA 1 Year 1 Year 4 years (last year specialized sport)
2. M.PEd.
1. BPEd
3 years
2. MPEd
2 year
Diploma in PEd is mandatory
Other notable Basketball Academies in India Name Intake National Institution of Sport Burn Basketball Academy Motilal Nehru School of Sports Ludhiana Basketball Academy Chail Military School Details
f f f f f
f f f f f
NA NA 100 NA NA
f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA
53
Page 93 of 201
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Basketball Academy, Punjab IMG Academy
f f
NA NA
f f
NA NA
V.
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
f f f f
Basketball Federation of India has 29 member state associations Railways sports promotion board and Services sports control board are also affiliated to Basketball Federation of India.
Target Rating Point (TRP) A television viewership of 92 million indicates a large viewership for Basketball in India.

I. International Performances
Asian Championships 54 Basketball FIBA Asian Championships

16 14
Position at each event
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2011
Position
INFERENCE: India has never won the FIBA Asian Championships. From the start of the start of the tournament Indias best result has been 4th place in 1975. India did not participate in 1993 and 1999. Till 2003 India was in the top 10 for the tournament with exceptions of 1985, 1991, 1995 and 1997. Unfortunately since 2005 India has not broken into the top 10 for the tournament. Domestic Performances 55
54 55
Source: Basketball Federation of India, Ernst & Young research http://indiabasketball.org/results.php
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Basketball National Games (2002-2011) (Men)
3 2
Medals 2 2
1 0
Gold Silver Bronze
0 Punjab 1 1 1 Services 1 0 2
Tamil Nadu 1 0 0
Uttarakhand 0 2 0
INFERENCE: Over the past three National Games, Punjab has been the most consistent state in Basketball. At the 2011 National games Punjab won the gold. Services won the gold in 2007 and bronze medals in 2002 and 2011. Punjab has historically produced athletes more suited to Basketball because of their physical attributes, which has lead to success at the National Games.
National Games (Women) Basketball National Games (2002 - 2011) (Women)

3 Medals 2 1 0 Gold Silver Bronze 1 0 Chhattisgarh 1 2 0 0 Tamil Nadu 2 0 1 2 2 1 0 AP 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Delhi 0 0 1 1
INFERENCE: In the past three national games, it can be inferred that Tamil Nadu has been the most dominant state in womens basketball. The level of interest in the sport in Tamil Nadu is very high. Basketball is played a lot at school levels as well, which has resulted in better competition within the state.
E.
Way forward
India hasnt won an International basketball medal but the future of basketball in India is looking bright. The level of interest for the sport in the country is high, which can be seen from TRP ratings. Efforts need to be channeled to get the right talent for the sport. The IMG-Reliance partnership and the involvement of NBA are bound to prove beneficial for the growth of sport in the country.
Page 95 of 201
Billiards and Snooker

A. Introduction
English billiards, more popularly known as just billiards and snooker are the two most important cue sports in the world. World Confederation of Billiards Sports (WCBS) is the International governing body for all cue sports. World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association is its member organization responsible for governing billiards and snooker. Billiards and Snooker Federation of India is the governing body in India for all cue sports and is affiliated to the WCBS and also to the International Billiards and Snooker Federation, which governs non-professional snooker and English billiards around the world. India has been a force to reckon with in world billiards competitions. An impressive assembly of great champions like Wilson Jones, Michael Ferreira, Geet Sethi and Pankaj Advani has underlined the powerhouse status of the country. Billiards and Snooker are not recognized as an Olympic sport. Billiards and Snooker, though recognized by the Commonwealth Games Federation, have never been contested at the commonwealth games.
B.
Levels
Tournaments
World Billiards Championship World Snooker Championship Mast er s A sian Games Nat ional Billiards and Snooker Championship
Zonal t ournament s
Zonal/ Regional
State
St at e Championships Sat e Ranking Tour nament s
District
School and Club Level
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C.
Current status
The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport.
f f f f
RG Khel Ratna Award Dronacharya Award Dhyanchand Award Arjuna Award
02 03 03 14 56
II.
Key Partnerships
f f f
ONGC 57: ONGC has been associated with billiards and snooker in India for a long time. ONGC has sponsored many national level tournaments. ONGC has some of the top snooker players on its rolls. BSA Cycles 58: BSA Cycles sponsored the first East Zone snooker championship in 2011. Indian Oil Sports Scholarships: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players with a view to encourage talent and create a pool of sportspersons from whom to select sport appointees to the Corporation.
III.
Key Tournaments
International
f f f f f
World Billiards Championship: The World Billiards Championship has been played annually since 1980. Geet Sethi and Pankaj Advani have won this tournament. World Snooker Championship: The World Snooker Championship is one of the Triple Crown snooker events of the world. It is an annual event. Masters: It is the second longest running snooker tournament of the world after the World Championship and is also one of the Triple Crown events. Asian Games: Cue sports have been a part of Asian Games since the 1998 event. India has won 4 gold medals in billiards and snooker at the Asian games.
Domestic:
f f f f
National Billiards and Snooker Championship: This is the most important tournament in the country and is held annually. State Billiards and Snooker Championships: Annually held tournaments to crown state champions. State ranking tournaments are other important tournaments at the state level. The events are held for sub junior, junior and senior level sportsperson.
56 57 58
http://www.olympic.ind.in/award.html ONGC, Ernst & Young research BSA Cycles, Ernst & Young research
Page 97 of 201
IV.
Sport Education/courses:59
Notable Billiards/Snooker Academies in India Name Intake Billiards & Snooker Academy, Sainandam Complex, Patia, Bhubaneshwar Yasin Merchant Snooker Academy Cue Sports India Megapool snooker academy Baba Billiards Academy Snooker & Pool Details
f f f f f
f f f f f
NA NA NA NA 12
f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA
V.
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
Billiards and Snooker Federation of India has 16 member state associations.

World Billiards Championship 60 World Billiards Championship (1992-2009)( Men & Women)
4 3 Medals 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Champion 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1
INFERENCE: In the last 20 years, India has won the World Championship 5 times. Geet Sethi won the competition three times till the year 2000 and once in 2006. Pankaj Advani won the championship once in 2009. Anuja Thakur won the billiards championship in 2006 and Chitra Magimairaj won in 2007 and 2008
59 60
All information for Sports Education/ Courses has been taken from the respective institutions website. Source: Cue Sports India, Ernst & Young research
Page 98 of 201
Asian Games 61 Asian Games (1998 - Till date)

Medals 3 2 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
1998 2 1 1
2002 1 1 1
2006 1 1 2
2010 1 1 1
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: India has performed well at the Asian Games since 1982, winning a gold medal in each of the games. The country has seen is a dip in the overall medal tally from 2006 to 2010.
E.
Way forward
India has been producing world class billiards and snooker players. India has excelled at the Asian games. Inclusion of Billiards and Snooker in the Olympic and commonwealth games is bound to increase the countrys medal tally and the IOA needs to make efforts in that direction. The sport is still concentrated to cities due to the expensive equipment. Government support is needed for this sport to percolate to the grassroots level.
61
Source: Indian Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research
Page 99 of 201
Boxing
A. Introduction
Boxing, also called pugilism, is a combat sport in which two people engage in a contest using only their fists. There are two forms of boxing: amateur and professional. Amateur boxing is an Olympic and Commonwealth sport and is a common fixture in most of the major international games - it also has its own World Championships. Amateur boxing in India is governed by the Indian Boxing Federation affiliated to the International Boxing Association referred to as AIBA. Though professional boxing is a major spectator sport , amateur boxing has been growing. For most fighters, an amateur career, especially at the Olympics, serves to develop skills and gain experience in preparation for a professional career. Cuba is the dominant force in amateur boxing. Amateur boxing is on the rise in India with Indian boxers winning medals at international events. India snagged its first boxing medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
B.

There are three levels of squads internationally represent India. These include Sub junior, Junior and Senior. The final squad at all levels is selected through the below mentioned tournaments:
Levels
Tournaments
Olympic Games Commonwealt h Games Asian games Wor ld Amat eur Boxing Championships Nat ional Games All India Boxing Tournament Zonal Men Boxing Champ Zonal Women Boxing Champ Int er zonal t our nament s
Zonal/ Regional
State
St at e Championship
District
St at e zonal t our nament s
Block/Village
Page 100 of 201
C.
Current status
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Hockey is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport. Till date the government has recognized over 40 professionals:
f f f f
RG Khel Ratna Award Dhyan Chand Award Dronacharya Award Arjuna Award
02 02 08 32 62
II.
Key Partnerships
Sahara 63 India: Sahara Pariwar backs 30 boxers in consultation with the Boxing federation. Sahara aims to improve the available infrastructure and equipment in order to train the athletes better for the Commonwealth Games and the London 2012 Olympic Games. Nimbus sports 64: Nimbus sports have won the rights to telecast AIBA World Championships in India. Monet Steel Group 65: Signed a $ 1 million deal with boxers as kit sponsors following their performances at the Commonwealth Games Percept Sports Management 66: signed some notable Indian boxers for a 3 year endorsement deal. Indian Oil Sports Scholarships: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players with a view to encourage talent and create a pool of sportspersons from whom to select sport appointees to the Corporation.
f f f f
III.
Key Tournaments
International
Olympic Games: Boxing has been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since its introduction to the program at the 1904 Summer Olympics, except for the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. The 2008 Summer Olympics was the final games with boxing as a male only event. Beginning with the 2012 Summer Olympics, women's boxing will be included in the program. Commonwealth Games: Boxing is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It is a core sport and must be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the Games. India won 3 gold medals at 2010 commonwealth games. Asian Games: Boxing has been contested at every Asian Games since its introduction to the program at the 1954 Asian Games. India won 2 gols medals at the 2010 Asian games. World Amateur Boxing Championships: The World Amateur Boxing Championships is a biennial amateur boxing competition organized by the International Boxing Association (AIBA), which is the sport governing body. Alongside the Olympic boxing programme, it is the highest level of competition for the sport. The championships were first held in 1974
f f
62 63 64 65 66
http://www.olympic.ind.in/award.html Sahara Pariwar, Ernst & Young research Live Mint, Ernst & Young research Live Mint, Ernst & Young research
Total Sports Asia, Ernst & Young research
Page 101 of 201
Havana, Cuba as a men's only event and the first women's championships was held over a quarter of a century later in 2001. The men's and women's competitions are held separately and since 2006 the biennial championships have been held in alternating years.
Domestic:
f f f
National Games: National Games are held after every two years in India. All states of India participate in the games. National level tournaments like the All India Boxing Tournament and other senior, junior, sub junior national tournaments. State championships and zonal level tournaments.
IV.
Hockey Courses in India (boxing taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name NS NIS (Patiala and Bangalore) Course Name 1. MSc in Sports Coaching 2. Diploma in Sports Coaching 3. Certificate course in sports coaching Selection Criteria Duration 2 years
1 year
6 weeks
4. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching 2. PGD in Sports Coaching 3. BPEd
f f f f
NA Written test followed by a technical interview Written test followed by a technical interview Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview
NA 1 Year 1 Year 4 years (last year specialized sport) 1 Year
4. MSc in Sports Coaching
Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview Diploma in Sports Coaching is mandatory
1. BPEd
f f
3 years
2. MPEd
2 year
Other notable Boxing Academies in India Name Intake Bhiwani Boxing Club, Bhiwani, Haryana Details
NA
NA
67
Page 102 of 201
f f f f f f f f f f
V.
Y.B.C.A., Allahabad Knights Boxing Club, Maharashta Murtaza Muhib, Assam Talkatora Stadium, New Delhi National Institution of Sport Army Sports Institution Balewadi Stadium Complex Tokus Boxing Academy IG Stadium Motilal Nehru School of Sports
f f f f f f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA 400 NA NA NA 40
f f f f f f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
31 member state/UT associations are affiliated to the Indian Boxing Federation.

Indian Boxing made an impression on the World Stage at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Since then, there has been a considerable effort made by the government to train boxers for the Commonwealth Games and London 2012. This may be indicated with the amount spent and the number of medals won (in all forms of international tournaments) in past 3 years. With an investment of INR 12.92 Crore during the period of 2008 2011 India has won over 15 medals. Boxing spending corresponding to medals won
16
20 15 Medals won 10 5 0 1 2008-2009
6 5 Spending in Cr. 4 3 2 1
0 2009-2010 Spending (` Cr.) Medals won by Year 2010-2011 Medals Won
Indian Boxing has received a large amount of funding to boost the chances of winning medals at the Commonwealth Games as well as the London Olympics. Vijender Singh is the countrys podium hope for the London 2012 Olympics. The funding has borne fruit with more podium performances in the year 2010-2011.There needs to be constant funding in order to further increase the chances of winning medals in the next few years. I. International Performances
Olympic Games 68
68
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Olympic Games Medals

4 3 Medals 2 1 0 0 0 1
2008 0 0 1
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Indias first medal at the Olympics in Boxing was won by Vijender Singh at the Beijing 2008 Olympics. Since then, there has been a constant effort taken with sponsorships and initiatives to boost Boxing. At the London 2012, India will be hopeful of getting another medal. London 2012 will be the first Olympics to host womens Boxing.
Asian Games 69
6 5 4 Medals 3 2 1 0 000 0 11 1 0 2 11 0 11 0 0 3
Asian Games
4 3 2 1 0 2 1 0 2
5 4 3 2 2 1 00 00 1 1 0 000 00 4
1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 Gold Bronze 2 per. Mov. Avg. (Silver) Silver 2 per. Mov. Avg. (Gold) 2 per. Mov. Avg. (Bronze)
INFERENCE: India has historically done well at Boxing in the Asian Games. Indias medal tally was low at the 1990 Asian Games with only one Bronze. Since the 2006 Doha edition Boxing performances have been good. India won 2 golds, 3 silvers and 4 bronzes in the lastest edition of the Asian Games.
69
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Commonwealth Games 70 Commonwealth Games (1974-2010)

5 4 Medals 3 2 1 0 0 3 4
22 1
1 00 1 000 00 1 00 1 0
1
0
1974 1978 1982 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 0 4
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Till the 1998 India had not been able to post a gold medal at the Commonwealth Games. Indias first gold came at the 2002 Commonwealth Games. India, since 2002, has won the gold at every edition of the Commonwealth Games. Post the Beijing 2008 Olympics Indias efforts have borne fruit and at the Commonwealth Games where India amassed a total of 7 medals. Indias tally of 3 gold medals is an improvement from the Melbourne Commonwealth Games in 2006.
II.
Domestic Performances 71
National Games (Men) BoxingNational Games (2011) (Men)

5 4 Medals 3 2 1 0 0 4 3 2 1 1 1 0 2
Haryana 4 0 3
Jharkhand 2 1 1
Delhi 1 0 2
Gold Silver Bronze
In the past three national games, it can be inferred that Haryana has been the most dominant state in mens boxing. Olympians and Commonwealth Games athletes represent the Haryana State team. This is attributed to the states interest in the sport as well as the quality of academies in the region.
70 71
Source: Ernst & Young research http://www.indiaboxing.in/championshiplist.php?champtype=National%20Games
Page 105 of 201
Boxing National Games (2011) (Women)

6 5 4 Medals 3 2 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 5
3 2
Jharkhand 5 2 0
Haryana 3 3 1
Manipur 2 0 0
Gold Silver Bronze
In the past three national games, it can be inferred that Jharkhand has been the most dominant state in womens boxing. The region boasts women with interest in sport and competition.
E.
Way forward
Boxing has been on the rise in India since the 2008, Beijing Olympics. Athletes such as Vijender Singh will be hoping for more success at the London 2012 Olympics. Corporates are taking an interest in boxing. The small town of Bhiwani has emerged as the boxing powerhouse of India. The public interest in boxing is only increasing. Boxing can only go forward but it would require greater support from the government.
Page 106 of 201
Chess
A. Introduction
Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. It is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments. Chess is a recognized sport of the International Olympic Committee, and international chess competition is sanctioned by the FIDE (Fdration Internationale des checs or World Chess Federation). There are also many chess variants that have different rules, different pieces, and different boards. The All India Chess Federation (AICF) is the recognised body for the game of chess in India. Founded in 1951, the federation is affiliated to Fdration Internationale des checs, (FIDE). India has produced champions like Vishwanathan Anand, Manuel Aaron, Dibyendu Barua , Parimarjan Negi,Humpy Koneru. India has 18 chess grandmasters (GM).
B.

Being an individual sport, there is no selection of a national squad. National squads participate at the Chess Olympiads. Individuals therefore participate in the below mentioned tournaments:
Levels
Tournaments
World Championships World Chess Championships Chess Olympiads World Rapid Championships World Junior Championships Asian Championships Candidat es Tournament s
Nat ional Tournament s and Chess Olympiads
State
Sub Junior Championships U-7/ 13/ 15 Dist rict and School Tournament s
District
C.
Current status
The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport. Till date the government has recognized over 90 professionals:
f f f
II.
72
RG Khel Ratna Award Dronacharya Award Arjuna Award
01 03 15 72
Key Tournaments
http://www.olympic.ind.in/award.html
Page 107 of 201
International
f f f f f f
III.
World Chess Championships World Championships World Rapid Championships World Junior Championships Candidates Tournaments Chess Olympiads
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
All India Chess Federation has 32 state associations affiliated to it. Additionally, there are 11 more special members associated to High Impact. These include - Indian Railways, Delhi Development Authority, All India Universities and Services Sports Control Board etc. 73
IV.
Notable Chess Academies in India Name Intake Genius Chess Academy Indian Chess School Amity Chess Academy Alekhine Chess Club Goodriche National Chess Academy Euwe Chess Academy Matrix Chess Academy Pinnacle Chess Academy MBM Chess Academy Fischer Chess Academy Prabodhan Kridabhvan Details
200 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
D. Way forward
In India, the culture of chess as a sport is on the rise. Many schools enter tournaments at district levels in order to expose chess players to competition at an early age. With the dominance of Viswanathan Anand in mens chess, there will be interest in sport. Currently India has 18 grandmasters and this number is likely to rise in the near future.
73 74
As mentioned on the Chess Federation of India website All information for Sports Education/ Courses has been taken from the respective institutions website.
Page 108 of 201
Cricket
A. Introduction
Cricket is the most popular sport in India. It was introduced by the British in India and began as a sport played by the upper class. Today, Cricket has spread to all parts of the country. However, cricket is not a popular sport worldwide with only 10 countries having been awarded full member status by the games governing body, the International Cricket Council. Cricket in India is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India which is an autonomous body. It is the richest cricket board in the world. One of the reasons for crickets popularity in India is due to Indian cricket teams performance. Crickets popularity has increased year on due to the media coverage as well as the number of sponsors willing to be associated with the sport. Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include pitch curator, grounds-man.
B.

The selection of the Indian cricket team is done through the following levels:
Levels
Tournaments
ICC Test Championship ICC Cricket World Cup ICC World T20 Asia Cup Ot her int ernat ional cricket mat ches
Zonal/ Regional
Duleep Trophy Deodhar Trophy Indian Premier League
State
Ranji Trophy Vijay Hazare Trophy
District
Int er Dist rict Tournament s School and Club Level
Page 109 of 201
C.
Current t status
I. Go overnment Suppo ort
f f f
The Indian Government provid ded a tax exempt tion of Rs. 45 cro ore to the Internat tional Cricket Cou uncil for staging the t world cup in India. Similar tax ex xemption had be een provided at th he time of the ICC C Champions Trop phy in 2006. The governm ment awards athle etes as well as the eir coaching staff f for achievement ts in the sport. Till date the govern nment has recognized 9 professionals:
f f f
R G Kh hel Ratna Drona acharya Award Arjuna a Award
02 2 04 4 43 3 75
II.
Ke ey Partnerships
Sahara India a 76:
f f f f f f f f f
Sahar ra India has had sponsorship s right ts for the Indian mens m team since e 2001.The group p in 2010, re-sec cured the spons sorship rights till December D 31, 20 013. Sahara bagged the rights for r 3.3 crore (US$ $726,000) per match. m Sahar ra also sponsors the t India women s team as well. Sahar ra owns the Pune Warriors IPL team m.
Nimbus spor rts 77: has the exc clusive broadcast t rights for all Inte ernational and do omestic cricket pl layed in India from 2006-2014.
7 : has been a ma Hero Honda 78 ajor sponsor thro ough most events held in the country.
Reliance, De eccan Chronicle, EMAAR 79: are bi ig sponsors for th he Indian cricket circuit. c Each of th hese companies own o IPL franchise es for Mumbai, Hyderabad and Delhi D respectively y. Nike 80: Nike is the official apparel sponsors fo or the Indian crick ket team. Bleed Blue was the off ficial Nike tagline e for the Indian Team at the 2011 2 Cricket Wo orld Cup SONY-WSG 81: Sony-WSG con nsortium owns the e broadcast right ts of IPL. Indian Oil Sp ports Scholarship ps 82: The objectiv ve of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Schola arships to promis sing young player rs with a view to o encourage talent and create a pool p of sportspers sons from whom to t select sport ap ppointees to the Corporation. C
III.
Ke ey Tournaments
International
ICC Cr ricket World Cup: : It is the premier r one day internat tional tournamen nt for mens and w womens team. Th he mens tourna ament is the world's fourth-larges st and fourth-mos st-viewed sporting event. Indian m mens team has won w the tourname ent in 198 83 and 2011. ICC World W T20: Started d in 2007, it is the e international ch hampionship for T20 cricket. India an mens team won w the tourname ent in 200 07
75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82
http://www.oly ympic.ind.in/award d.html Sahara Pariwar r, Ernst & Young res search Nimbus Sport/ NEO cricket, Ernst & Young research Hero Honda, Ern nst & Young resear rch IPL, Reliance, Deccan D and EMAAR R, Ernst & Young res search Nike.com, Ernst t & Young research Sony WSG, Erns st & Young research h Indian Oil Sport ts Scholarships
Skill gap g study for spo orts sector - India | Final Report
Page 110 of 20 01
ICC Test Championship: The ICC Test Championship is an international competition run by the International Cricket Council in the sport of cricket for the 10 teams that play Test cricket. The competition is notional in the sense that it is simply a ranking scheme overlaid on all international matches that are otherwise played as part of regular Test cricket scheduling with no consideration of home or away status. Commonwealth Games/Asian Games: Cricket was contested in the 1998 commonwealth games (ODI format). This tournament was not considered a success. Cricket (T20 format) was played for the first time in Asian games in 2010. Under-19 Cricket World Cup, held every 2 years
f f f
Domestic:
Ranji Trophy: The Ranji Trophy is a domestic first-class cricket championship played in India between different city and state sides, there are three teams that represent individual cities (Mumbai, Baroda and Hyderabad) and two teams based in Delhi but with no regional affiliations (Railways and Services). The Duleep Trophy: It is a domestic first-class cricket competition played in India between teams representing geographical zones of India. Indian Premier League: The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional league for Twenty20 cricket competition in India. It is supervised by BCCI Vice President Rajeev Shukla, who serves as the league's Chairman and Commissioner. It is currently contested by nine teams, consisting of players from around the world. According to the Annual Review of Global Sports Salaries by sportingintelligence.com, IPL is the second highest-paid league, based on first-team salaries on a pro rata basis.
f f
IV.
Sport Education/courses
Course Name 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching 2. Certificate course in sports coaching Selection Criteria Duration 1 year 6 weeks
Institution Name NSNIS, Patiala, India
f f
Written test is followed by a technical interview where the candidates experience and achievements are reviewed For men and women working in schools/colleges/universities/industrial houses and other agencies associated with sports
3. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior 2. M.PEd. 1. BPEd
NA
NA
f f f f f f f f f f
Written test followed by a proficiency test Physical fitness test Proficiency test Written test Physical fitness test Written test Proficiency test Technical interview Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview
4 years (last year specialized sport) 4 semester degree course
3. PGDSC (Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Coaching) Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education (LNCPE), Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 2. MPE 1. BPE
1 Year
3 years
Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical
2 year
Page 111 of 201
Institution Name
Course Name
Selection Criteria interview
Duration
f
3. M.Phil.
Diploma in PEd is mandatory NA
f f
Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview A candidate should have obtained MPE/MPEd (2 years duration) or any equivalent degree in Physical Education from a recognized University
Other notable Cricket Academies in India Name Intake National Cricket Academy, Bangalore Details
NA
f f f f
NCA has accommodation facility Has scholarship programs World class physiotherapists Access to an International stadium as a practice ground
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
RCA Academy,Jaipur National Institution of Sport Karnataka Institution of Cricket West Delhi Cricket Academy Neerja Modi Cricket Academy Madan Lal Cricket Academy St. John Sports Coaching Foundation Virender Sehwag Cricket Academy MRF Pace Foundation National school of cricket VB Cricket Academy Jaisinhma Cricket Academy Mujumdar Cricket Academy JP School of Cricket Motilal Nehru School of Sports Prabodhan Kridabhvan
NA NA NA 600 NA NA NA NA NA 90 NA NA NA NA 60 NA
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Page 112 of 201
V.
Sport Outreach
f f
Member Associations: The BCCI has 27 state association members and 3 non-playing members across five zones (viz. North Zone, South Zone, East Zone, West Zone and Central Zone) in India. Television Viewership:
A television viewership of 176 million indicates a large viewership for Cricket in India. Events like the IPL have increased the interest of women in the sport as well.

f
5 4 4 World Cups won 3 3 2 2 1 1 0
World Cup 83 World Cup Results (1975-2011)
West Indies
Australia
India Winner
Pakistan Runner-Up
England
Sri Lanka
India has won the World Cup two times, the first in 1983 and the second in 2011. India has been semi-finalists in two editions (1996 and 1987). In all other editions of the World Cup, India have either been knocked out different formats of the knock-out stages
Indias performance versus the top Test teams (Australia, South Africa, England, Sri Lanka)
Australia
45 40 35 Matches played 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Total Aus won Ind won Australia India Draw 12 5 15 9 0 Tie 1 Ind win % 14 12.50 26 40 42
India vs Australia
35.71
f
83
South Africa
International Cricket Council
Page 113 of 201
45 40 35 Matches played 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Total SA won 15 12 7 5
India vs South Africa
41.67
13.33 2 5 6 2
0 Tie
0 Ind win %
Ind won South Africa
Draw India
England
60 50 Matches played 40 30 20 10 0 Total Eng won Ind won England India Draw Tie 11 14 0 Ind win % 26 27.45 51
India vs England
Sri Lanka
70 60 50 Matches played 40 30 20 10 0 Total 18 17 6 0 4 10 8 7 0 Draw India Tie 0 Ind win % 22.22
India vs Sri Lanka
58.82
SL won
Ind won Sri Lanka
Page 114 of 201
Pakistan India vs Pakistan

35 30 Matches played 25 20 15 10 5 0 Total Pak won Ind won Pakistan India Draw 7 5 7 2 0 Tie 0 Ind win % 17 26 20 21.21 33
7.69
The Indian Cricket team is known to be tough opponents within the country. From the above charts it is evident that the performances at home have been dominant. India reached the No.1 rankings in tests due to their strong home form and their ability not to lose test matches outside the country. The alarming statistic though is the winning percentages when India plays outside of the country. Against Australia and South Africa, Indias win percentages are a mere 12% and 13%. In the subcontinent this statistic is even lower at 7% in Pakistan and 12% in Sri Lanka, but India has managed to draw a much higher percentage of matches in the sub-continent. India only has favorable percentages against Bangladesh and Zimbabwe. To reach the levels of West Indian and Australian teams, India needs to be able to devise strategy and training methods to enable them to perform better in test cricket outside the country.
II.
Domestic Performances
National Games
3 2 Position 2 1 1 0 Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Mumbai Winner Runner Up Delhi UP Baroda
Ranji Trophy (2007-2012)
The last two editions of the Ranji Trophy have been won by Rajasthan, with Tamil Nadu and Baroda being runners up respectively. Historically Mumbai has dominated the Ranji trophy by winning it 39 times out of 43 appearances. Delhi has 7 out of 14 appearances.
E. Way forward
Cricket is the most mature sport in the country. With the recent achievements of the Indian cricket team and the advent of IPL, the future of cricket in India is secured. In fact India is in a position to dictate terms in world cricket. Increased career opportunities will continue to attract people across India to the sport.
Page 115 of 201
Cycling
A. Introduction
Bicycle racing is a competition sport which includes several categories of bicycle racing including road bicycle racing, cyclo-cross, mountain bike racing, track cycling, BMX, bike trials, and cycle speedway. Bicycle racing is recognized as an Olympic sport. The Union Cycliste Internationale is the world governing body for cycling and international competitive cycling events. Cycling Federation of India is the sports governing body in India. India has only won an international Cycling medal at the 1951 Asian Games. Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include Directeurs sportif (who travel to the races and dictate racing strategy), Soigneurs (responsible for feeding, clothing, and escorting riders), Mechanics.
B.
Page 116 of 201
C.
Current status
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Cycling is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in sport.
Arjuna Award
03 84
II.
Key Partnerships
f f
Hero Cycles 85: Hero cycles are the sponsors of the India Cyclothon 2012. The company has also sponsored the previous two editions of the event. Sports 18 86: Sport 18 is the sponsor of India Cyclothon and plan to expand it to 22 cities.
III.
Key Tournaments
International
f f
Olympic Games: Cycling has been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics. Commonwealth Games: Cycling is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since the second edition of the event's precursor, the 1934 British Empire Games. It is an optional sport. Asian Games: Cycling events have been contested at every Asian Games since 1951 Asian Games in New Delhi. It was not included in 1954. India won its only cycling medals at the 1951 Asian games. Tour de France: Le Tour de France is a professional annual bicycle race held in France and nearby countries. First staged in 1903, the race covers more than 3,600 kilometers and lasts three weeks. As the best known and most prestigious of cycling's three "Grand Tours", the Tour de France attracts riders and teams from around the world. UCI World Championships: The UCI world championships are annual competitions promoted by Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) to determine world champion cyclists. They are held in several different styles of racing, in a different country each year.
f f
f f
Domestic:
f f f
National Games: National Games are held after every two years in India. All states of India participate in the games. National Championships: National championships are held every year for senior, junior and sub junior level players. India Cyclothon: India Cyclothon is a multi city event that has put the spotlight on cycling as a mass participation urban event.
84 85 86
http://www.olympic.ind.in/award.html Hero Cycles, Ernst & Young research Sport 18, Ernst & Young research
Page 117 of 201
IV.
Cycling Courses in India (cycling taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name NS NIS (Patiala) Course Name 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching Selection Criteria Duration 1 year
2. Certificate course in sports coaching
6 weeks
3. Refresher course in Sports Coaching
NA
NA
Other notable Cycling Academies in India Name Intake NS NIS Patiala Chail Military School Cycling Federation of India Patiala University Osmania University Details
f f f f f
f f f f f
NA NA NA 100 100
f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA
V.
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
f f
24 member state/UT associations are affiliated to the Cycling Federation of India. Entities such as Railways Sports Promotion Board, Services Sports Control Board, Punjab Police, BSNL Sports and Cultural Board

Asian Games 88
4 3 2 1 0 Gold Silver Bronze
Asian Games
0 1 1951 0 1 2 2
87 88
All information for Sports Education/ Courses has been taken from the respective institutions website. Source: Ernst & Young research
Medals
Page 118 of 201
INFERENCE: India has not done well at International events in cycling. The Indian contingent has only won cycling medals in the 1951 Asian Games. II. Domestic Performances
National Games (Men) Cycling National Games (2011) (Men)

7 6 5 Medals 4 3 2 1 0 Gold Silver Bronze SSCB 5 4 1 1 0 Punjab 4 6 2 Haryana 3 0 2 5 4 4 3 2 2 6
INFERENCE: Services and Punjab performed well at the National Games. SSCB won a total of 10 medals, including 5 golds, 4 silvers and 1 bronze whereas Punjab won 4 golds, 6 silvers and 2 bronze medals. As a state, Punjab performed better at the last National Games.
National Games (Women) Cycling National Games (2011) (Women)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Gold Silver Bronze 5 5 6 4 1 Manipur 5 5 1 Kerala 4 6 4 4 2 0 Punjab 2 0 5 5
INFERENCE: Manipur and Kerala performed admirably at the last National games. Manipur won 5 golds and silvers each followed by Kerala which won 4 golds and 6 silvers. The above graph indicates interest levels in the two states for the sport.
E. Way forward
Cycling is not a popular competitive sport in India. Even though events such as the Tour de France get broadcasted in the country, there is very little viewership for the sport even in urban cities. Although the country has facilities such as NIS Patiala, the level of cyclists is very low. Initiatives need to be made to increase the level of interest in the sport in order to broad-base the sport at rural areas as well.
Equestrian
Medals
A. Introduction
Equestrianism or riding refers to the skill of riding, driving, or vaulting with horses. Equestrian Sports have been a part of the Olympic Games programme since 1912.The International Governing Body for equestrian sports is the Fdration questre Internationale (FEI), and it is subject to rules made by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in regards to Olympic Competition. The 1924 Olympics were the first at which equestrian competitions were held under the authority of the FEI.
B.
Current status
f
II.
Arjuna Award
09
Key Tournaments
International
Olympic Games: Equestrianism made its Summer Olympics debut at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. It has appeared at every Summer Olympic Games programme since 1912. The current Olympic equestrian disciplines are Dressage, Eventing, and Jumping. In each discipline, both individual and team medals are awarded Asian Games: Equestrian has been an Asian Games event since 1982 in New Delhi, India. India has had success at the Asian Games.
III.
Notable Equestrian Sports Academies in India Name Intake Heritage Equestrian Sports Academy Princess Academy of Equitation Embassy International Riding School Equestrian Centre for Excellence Motilal Nehru School of Sports Details
f f f f f
IV.
f f f f f
NA NA NA 30 NA
f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA
Other Issues 90
f f
Horses: The quality of horses is low in the country, and importing of horses is very expensive. Private riders have the financial capability of importing their own horses and handling stables, but cannot support the Federation and Armies need for horses Riders: Riders are of two types in India. Private riders and those from the Army. Private riders learn from various horse riding clubs or have the financial capacity to import horses. These riders use horses for derby racing or for sport. The issue arising from private riders is that most riders take up the sport to be able to apply for foreign universities and therefore do no continue the sport after the age of 17. In case of the army, riders have to make a choice between riding and their careers. Many quality riders are lost to careers in the Army, which is perceived to be more prestigious and stable. Equipment: As a country, the sport is not developed. There is very little interest in Equestrian as a competitive sport. As it is mainly taken up for leisure, there is no demand for quality equipment. Items required for competition therefore are unavailable and need to be bought elsewhere or imported.
89 90
All information for Sports Education/ Courses has been taken from the respective institutions website. Interactions from the EFI, Ernst & Young research
Page 120 of 201
C. Our success so far

Asian Games 91 Asian Games

2 1 1 0 1982 3 1 1 0 1986 0 0 2 0 0 1998 0 0 1 1 0 0 2002 0 0 1 1 0 0 2006 0 0 1 1
3 2 1 0 Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: India performed well at the 1982 Asian Games winning 3 gold medals. The main reason for the reduced medal tally since is the country has reduced the number of disciplines it participates after the 1982 event.
D. Way forward
Equestrian in the country is either a niche or an Army based sport. Due to the nature of the sport, there is very little interest and involvement. There is very little media coverage for the sport which results in low interest. Successful countries hold this sport as a tradition and therefore the involvement is very high. India needs to be able to increase the interest level in the sport and look for opportunities to market the sport better.
91
Medals
Page 121 of 201
Football
A. Introduction
Football is the most popular sport in the world. Countries from South America and Europe are the dominant powers in football. The All India Football Federation is the sports governing body in India and is affiliated to The Fdration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sports international governing body. Football is one of India's most popular sports. It is a very popular sport in states like West Bengal, Goa, Kerala and the entire North-East India, especially Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Sikkim. India has had a rich football history. Clubs like Mohun Bagan exist since the pre independence era. India has won 2 Asian games football gold medals. Currently India is ranked 158th in the world 92. Baichung Bhutia is the most famous Indian footballer.
B.
Levels
Tournaments
FIFA Wor ld Cup A FC A sia Cup Oly mpic Games A sian Games Nehr u Cup Nat ional Games
Zonal t our nament s
Zonal/ Regional
State
Sant osh Tr ophy I-League
District
Subr ot o Cup Int er school t our nament s
Block/Village
Tour nament s or ganized under t he PYKKA scheme
92
AIFF website, Ernst & Young research
Page 122 of 201
C.
Current status
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Football is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in sport.
f f
Dronacharya Award Arjuna Award
01 22
II.
Key Partnerships
IMG-Reliance: 93 IMG Reliance, acquired all the commercial rights to football in India. The 15-year agreement worth 150 million with AIFF grants IMG Reliance all commercial rights to football in India, including sponsorship, advertising, broadcasting, merchandising, film, video and data, intellectual property, franchising and new league rights. Zee Sports (Ten Action): signed a 70$ million dollar broadcasting rights deal for all Indian national team football matches as well as coverage for domestic leagues ONGC 94: ONGC were the sponsors of the Nehru Cup in 2007 and 2009. ONGC was instrumental in reviving the tournament. Nike: Nike is the official apparel producer for the Indian National team kit. It also sponsors many school level tournaments. Panasonic: are joint apparel sponsors for the National team Liverpool Football Club 95: Plan to open sports schools in cities with international level facilities. This academy will admit children from the age of 8 onwards. Manchester United Football Club 96: Plan to open sports schools in the country and also continue its marketing and product distribution. Indian Oil Sports Scholarships: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players with a view to encourage talent and create a pool of sportspersons from whom to select sport appointees to the Corporation.
f f f f f f f
III.
Key Tournaments
International
f f
FIFA World Cup: Held every four years, the FIFA World Cup is the most watched sporting event in the world. The FIFA Womens world cup was first held in 1991. AFC Asia Cup: Run by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), It is the second oldest continental football championship in the world after Copa Amrica. The winning team becomes the champion of Asia and automatically qualifies for the FIFA Confederations Cup. India were runners up in 1964. Olympic Games: Football has been included in every Olympiad except 1896 and 1932 as a men's competition sport. Women's football was added to the official programme in 1996.Teams from Asia, Africa, Oceania and North America are allowed to field their strongest professional teams. Asian games: Men's football is an Asian Games sport since the 1951 edition. Women's football competition began in 1990. Since the 2002 Asian Games, age limit for men teams is under-23 plus up to three over aged players for each squad
93 94 95 96
IMG-Reliance, Ernst & Young research ONGC, Ernst & Young research LFC, Ernst & Young research MUFC, Ernst & Young research
Page 123 of 201
f f f f f f f f f f f f
AFC Challenge Cup: AFC Challenge Cup, which began in 2006 is a biennial event, meant for the Asian emerging countries. India won the tournament in 2008. South Asian Federation Cup: It is biennial tournament which began in 1993. India are the current defending champions. (India won in 1993, 1997, 1999, 2005, 2009, 2011) Nehru Cup: A friendly tournament organized by the AIFF since 1982. India won the tournament in 2007 and 2009. FIFA U-20 World Cup, held every 2 years FIFA U-17 World Cup, held every 2 years
Domestic: National Games: Football is one of the disciplines in the national games held after every two years. I-League: I- League is the top tier league in the Indian football league system. It was started in 2007-08. It replaced the National Football League which lasted for 11 seasons. It is a club level tournament. Santosh Trophy: Santosh Trophy is an annual Indian football tournament which is contested by states and government institutions Mir Iqbal Hussain Trophy: is the sub junior national championship meant for selecting the U-14 national team. Subroto Cup: Subroto Cup Football Tournament is an inter-school football tournament in India Premier League Soccer97: is a similar format to the IPL (cricket) in India. PLS has been set up by Celebrity Management Group in association with the AIFF. An auction for international footballers has already taken place, with the event scheduled for end March or beginning April.
IV.
Football Courses in India (football taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name NS NIS (Patiala and Bangalore) Course Name 1. MSc in Sports Coaching 2. Diploma in Sports Coaching 3. Certificate course in sports coaching Selection Criteria Duration 2 years
1 year
6 weeks
4. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching
f f
NA Written test followed by a technical interview
NA 1 Year
2. PGD in Sports Coaching
Written test followed by a technical interview
1 Year
97 98
Telegraph, AIFF, Ernst & Young research All information for Sports Education/ Courses has been taken from the respective institutions website.
Page 124 of 201
Football Courses in India (football taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name Course Name 3. BPEd Selection Criteria Duration 4 years (last year specialized sport)
f f f
Physical fitness test Proficiency test Written test
4. M.PEd.
f f f f f f
Physical fitness test Proficiency test Written test Written test Interview
5. M.Sc. in Sports Coaching
4 semesters
1. BPEd
3 years
2. MPEd
Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview Diploma in PEd is mandatory
2 year
Other notable Football Academies in India Name Intake Mohun Bagan SAIL Football Academy Tata Football Academy North Calcutta Football Academy IFA CSF Football Academy Salgaocar Football Club East Bengal Football School of Excellence (Kingfisher East Bengal FC) Delhi United Football Club Dempo Football Club Sporting Clube De Goa Mumbai FC Pune FC Shillong Lajong FC Chirag United Kerala Pailan Arrows CF Premier Indian Football Academy Motilal Nehru School of Sports Bhaichung Bhutia Football School Sesa Football Academy Conscient Football Details
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
V.
54 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 60 NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Sport Outreach Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report Page 125 of 201
Member Associations
f f f f
The AIFF has 35 member associations. Of this 33 are state and UT associations Other members include Railways Sport Promotion board, Services Sports Control board
Target Rating Point (TRP) A television viewership of 155 million indicates a large viewership for Cricket in India. International football events such as the World Cup, European Cup and the Copa America are watched extensively. The popularity of European league football has increased over the years in India.


4 Medals 3 2 1 0 Gold Silver Bronze 1 0 1951 1 0 0 0 1 0 1962 1 0 0 0 0 0 1970 0 0 1 1
INFERENCE: From the graph above one can infer that India won gold at the Asian Games on two occasions and won a bronze in another. Unfortunately for India, the rest of Asia has managed to perform at higher levels. Countries such as Iran, Japan, South Korea and North Korea have dominated Asian football.
99
Source: Indian, Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research
Page 126 of 201
SAFF Cup 100

3
South Asian Football Federation Cup (1993- TIll date)
2 Position
0 Winner Runner-up Third
1993 1 0 0
1995 0 1 0
1997 1 0 0
1999 1 0 0
2001 0 0 0
2003 0 0 1
2005 1 0 0
2008 0 1 0
2009 1 0 0
2011 1 0 0
INFERENCE: India has performed well at the SAFF Cup since its inception in 1993 winning the event 6 times. India is the defending champions at this event that is help biennially.
II.
Santosh Trophy Santosh Trophy(2008-2011)

3 2 1 0 Medals 2
1 Goa 1 0
West Bengal 2 1
Punjab 0 1
Manipur 0 1
INFERENCE: The Santosh trophy has been won by West Bengal two times in the last 3 year. West Bengal have always done well at Domestic games due to the high concentration of football clubs and events that happen in the country. West Bengal has known to host many football events which is why the interest in the sport is extremely high.
National Games (Men) Football National Games (Men)

4 3 2 1 0 3 2 0 2 2 2 0 2 0
Medals
Punjab Gold Silver Bronze 3 2 0
Kerala 2 1 0
West Bengal 2 2 1
Assam 1 1 0
Maharas tra 1 0 1
Goa 0 2 1
100
Source: AIFF, Ernst & Young research
Page 127 of 201
INFERENCE: Punjab has won the most amounts of National gold medals (3). At the last two National games, Assam and West Bengal won the gold respectively. West Bengal and Punjab have amassed the maximum number of top 3 finishes with five each.
National Games (Women) Football National Games (2011) (Women)

2
Medals
Orissa 1 0 0
Manipur 0 1 0
West Bengal 0 0 1
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Orissa won the 2011 National Games by beating manipur to win the gold medal. West Bengal won the third place play off.
E. Way forward
Football in India is on the rise. Exposure to European football leagues has increased interest in the sport. Football events from all over the world are shown in the country. European powerhouses such as Bayern Munich, Liverpool Football Club and Manchester United have made inroads with visits, marketing deals and football schools. This will increase the basic level of exposure to modern techniques, foreign trainers and international football values. The involvement of IMG-Reliance will benefit the growth of football in India. The sport has the potential to become an Asian powerhouse, and efforts such as Vision India that aims to increase infrastructure, administrative effectiveness and sports science facilities will benefit the country in the long run.
Page 128 of 201
Golf
A. Introduction
Golf is a precision club and ball sport, in which competing players (or golfers) use different types of clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a golf course using the fewest number of strokes. It is one of the few ball games that does not require a standardized playing area. Instead, the game is played on golf "courses", each of which features a unique design, although courses typically consist of either nine or 18 holes. Golfers are of two types. As beginners, a golfer starts as an Amateur. There are certain rules and conditions that allow a golfer to be deemed a Professional. Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI), the controlling body for professional golf in India, was formed in September of 2006. PGTI is looking to further strengthen its partnerships with public and private stakeholders, and remains committed to taking the sport of golf to the masses and across the country. Indias leading golfers who have made a mark at the international tours are Jeev Milkha Singh, Arjun Atwal, Jyoti Randhawa and Smriti Mehra. Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include grounds-man and caddie.
B.

There are three levels of squads internationally represent India. These include Gentlemen, Junior Boys and Ladies and Girls:
Levels
Tournaments
International *
Professional
Mens and Womens Majors Seniors Tour PGA Tour LPGA Tour Asian Tour European Tour Ryders Cup President s Cup Olympics Asian Games PGA India Tour Tournament s Amby Valley PGA I Tour Hero Honda Golf Tour Wills Spor t Golf Tour Volvo Challenge Av ant ha Mast ers Zone Qualifiers Int er St at e championships Boys ( A&B) Girls (A &B) Nat ional Int er School Golf Tr ophy
International
Team
National
Professional
National
Amateur
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C.
Current status
The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport. Till date the government has recognized 4 professionals:
f
II.
Arjuna Award
04
Key Partnerships
Incredible India 101: India wishes to develop sports tourism through golf. Incredible India has partnered with the Professional Golf Tour of India as they recognize this potential to develop Golf as a niche tourism product for attracting both International and domestic tourists. The Ministry of Tourism has organized workshops on Promotion of Golf Tourism. The objective of this workshop is to evolve a road map for formulating strategies for development and promotion of golf tourism in India. Ten Golf 102: The PGTI has signed a three-year exclusive partnership with Ten Golf, a channel solely dedicated to broadcasting of golf tournaments sanctioned by the PGTI within and outside the country from 2012-2014. Hero Honda 103: have the naming rights for one of the largest national golf tournaments played at the Delhi Golf Course every year. Rolex 104: Rolex awards recognition and prize money for the Golfer of the Year who has achieved the best results on tour in India. Volvo Auto India 105: The Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI) signed a strategic partnership agreement with Volvo Auto India which will be a three-year association starting this year. Volvo will host the first Volvo World Golf Challenge later this year Avantha 106: Has the naming rights and partnerships with the PGTI for tournaments in India. Most notably at the DLF Golf Club in Gurgaon as the Avantha Masters. The objective is to promote professional golf in the country by conducting prize money tournaments through sponsorships as well as giving players an opportunity to be involved in decision making in all aspects of the game.
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III.
Key Tournaments
International
Olympic Games: Golf was featured in the Summer Olympic Games official programme in 1900 and 1904. At the IOC session in Copenhagen in October 2009, the IOC decided to reinstate this event for the 2016 Summer Olympics.[1][2] The event will feature professional golfers, many of whom have expressed interest in having golf brought back as an Olympic sport. Asian Games: Golf was an event at the Asian Games for the first time in 1982, when the games were held in New Delhi, India. India has won 5 medals at the Asian Games (3 golds and 2 silvers) Majors: The major golf championships, commonly known as the Major Championships, are the four most prestigious annual tournaments in professional golf. The current majors are Masters Augusta, U.S Open Championship, The Open Championship and the PGA Championship Ryder Cup: The Ryder Cup is a biennial golf competition between teams from Europe and the United States. The competition is jointly administered by the PGA of America and the PGA European Tour. The venue alternates between courses in the United States and Europe. PGA Tour: The PGA Tour is the organizer of the main men's professional golf tours in the United States and North America. It organizes events under the flagship tournament of the PGA Tour, as well as the Champions Tour (seniors) and the Nationwide Tour (for professional players who have not yet qualified to play in the PGA Tour).
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101 102 103 104 105 106
Professional Golf Tour of India, Ernst & Young research Professional Golf Tour of India, Ernst & Young research Delhi Golf Course, Professional Golf Tour of India, Ernst & Young research Professional Golf Tour of India, Ernst & Young research Volvo Auto India and Professional Golf Tour of India, Ernst & Young research Avantha, Ernst & Young research
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LPGA Tour: The LPGA, in full the Ladies Professional Golf Association, is an American organization for female professional golfers Asian Tour: The Asian Tour is the principal men's professional golf tour in Asia except for Japan. The Asian Tour is administered from Singapore. European Tour: is an organization which operates the three leading men's professional golf tours in Europe: the elite European Tour, the European Seniors Tour and the developmental Challenge Tour. Its headquarters are at Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England.
Domestic: The details of some of the tournaments have been provided hereunder:
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PGA India Tour: The Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI) is a professional golf tour for men in India. The PGTI serves as a feeder tour for higher level tours such as the Asian Tour. Aamby Valley: The Amby Valley PGAI Tour is held annually at the Aamby Valley Golf Course, outside of Pune. Hero Honda India Open: Hero Honda took over sponsorship of this event in the year 2005. The Hero Indian Open is a golf tournament on the Asian Tour that has been held for several years at the Delhi Golf Club. Wills Sport: Volvo World Golf Challenge: is a prestigious and innovative golf tournament for customers and prospective clients. Every year, more than 50,000 club golfers from in excess of 25 countries take part in this challenge. National winners meet up for the World Final get to take part in the challenge and get the chance to play with The Pros. Avantha Masters: is a professional golf tournament co-sanctioned by the European Tour, Asian Tour and the Professional Golf Tour of India. Other national tournaments include events such as the Maharashtra Cup and Tamil Nadu Cup
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IV.

Intake National Golf Academy of India Dlf Golf and country club Pro Golf Academy Cambay Golf Academy Chimmy's Golf Academy My Golf Commune Academy Karnataka Golf Association Details
Notable Golf Academies in India Name
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I.
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250 NA NA NA NA NA NA
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NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Asian Games 108
107 108
All information for Sports Education/ Courses has been taken from the respective institutions website. Source: Indian Olympic Association ,Ernst & Young research
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3 2 2 Medals 1 1 0 Gold 1982 0 0 1 1 2
Asian Games
0 2006
0 2010
2002 Silver
Bronze Linear (Bronze)
2 per. Mov. Avg. (Gold)
2 per. Mov. Avg. (Silver)
INFERENCE: India won 2 golds at the Asian Games when golf was introduced to the programme. Since then Indian golfers have not been able to reach those initial heights. The Asian Games have recently been dominated by golfers from South Korea, Chinese Taipei and Phillipines.
E.
Way forward
Indian golfers have not been able to reach the heights that there European and American counterparts have. There are very few Indians who have turned professional to play at the PGA and European tours. Efforts have been made to increase golf tourism in the country, with lots of private partnerships for tournaments in the past few years. Unfortunately, the nature of the sport restricts the playing pool to the elite few therefore broad-basing the sport is always a concern. There are more golf courses being created in the country and the interest levels are on the rise even in metro cities. India has the potential to produce international level golfers.
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Field Hockey
A. Introduction
Field hockey is a popular sport for men and women in many countries around the world. The hockey teams of India and Pakistan have dominated men's hockey until the early 1980's, winning four of the first five world cups. However, the prominence for sport in India and Pakistan has declined with Netherlands, Germany and Australia gaining importance in the late 1980s. In India, Field Hockey is the National Sport for country administrated by Hockey India, which is the new apex body for the sport. Hockey India has the sole mandate to govern and conduct all activities for both men and women hockey in India. The association is affiliated to the International Hockey Federation (FIH), the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) and Asian Hockey Federation (AHF). Globally Hockey is a popular sport played by 74 men teams and 62 women teams. Some of the distinguished countries playing the sport include Australia, Argentina, England, Germany, India, Korea, Pakistan, Netherlands and Spain.
B.

There are three levels of squads internationally represent India. These include Sub junior, Junior and Senior. The final squad at all levels is of 18 sportsperson which is selected through the below mentioned tournaments:
Levels

Tournaments
Olympic Games World Cup Commonwealt h Games Asian Games Asia cup Champions Trophy Sult an Azlan Shah Cup
Zonal
World Series Hockey(WSH) Senior Nat ional Hockey Tournament Sub-junior/ Junior/ Senior Tournament s
State
30 St at e and Domest ic Tournament s Sub-junior/ Junior/ Senior Tournament s
District
Junior Nat ional Hockey Tournament Sub-junior Nat ional Tournament s Dr. B.R Ambedkar All India Hockey Tournament
Block/Village
Tournament s under Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan(PYKKA)
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C.
Current status
Scheme for Field of Play development: MoYAS has been in running this scheme for the last ten years. The objective of this scheme is to make available facilities for practice and training for Hockey. Since the commencement of the Scheme, 9 synthetic athletic tracks, and 15 hockey surfaces have been sanctioned grants and these either stand installed or are in the process of installation. Under the scheme, for laying a synthetic hockey surface, the grant provided is Rs 1 Crore. Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Hockey is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. Schemes like National Sports Festival for Women and Promotion of Sports and Games in Schools also emphasize on development of hockey in the country. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport. Till date the government has recognized over 90 professionals:
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II.
RG Khel Ratna Award Dhyan Chand Award Dronacharya Award Arjuna Award
01 08 04 77
Key Partnerships
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Sahara India: will financially back India mens and womens hockey teams at all levels. They have signed a five year contract as the main apparel sponsor for Hockey India, starting with the Olympic qualifiers in February, 2012 109. Nimbus sports: have looked to invest approximately Rs 100 Crore on a 35 day tournament (World Series Hockey). It is providing IHF an annual fee of Rs 30 Crore or a share of the leagues profits, whichever is higher. Hero Motor Corp: have the naming rights for Indias hockey campaign for the qualifiers in February which is called Hero FIH Road to London, Delhi 2012. Bridgestone 110: has won the naming rights for the upcoming World Series Hockey tournament. Shree Cement 111: had sponsored hockey sticks for 7 players during the World Cup in 2010. Indian Oil Sports Scholarships: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players with a view to encourage talent and create a pool of sportspersons from whom to select sport appointees to the Corporation. Some of the companies associated with various hockey tournaments over the years include - NDTV, Dainik Bhaskar and Neo sports.
III.
Key Tournaments
International
Olympic Games: The game was introduced at the Summer Olympic Games, London in 1908. Soon, India and Pakistan became a popular name in the Olympics, with either India or Pakistan winning men's gold medal in every Olympic from 1928 to 1968. The first women's Olympic hockey competition was held at the 1980 Summer Olympics. Hockey World Cup: This tournament is organized by the International Hockey Federation (FIH). It first started in 1971 and is held every four years, bridging the four years between the Summer Olympics. The Women's Hockey World Cup, has been held since 1974 and was organized by the International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations.
109 110 111
Sahara Pariwar, Ernst & Young research World Series Hockey, Bridgestone, Ernst & Young research Shree Cement. Ernst & Young research
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Commonwealth Games: Field hockey became a permanent sport in the Commonwealth Games with its introduction in 1998 Games in Kuala Lumpur. Indias best result was a Silver medal in 2010. Asian Games: The event is held every four years for athletes in Asia. The Games were regulated by the Asian Games Federation (AGF) from the first Games till the 1978 Games. Since 1982 they have been organized by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). The Games are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Olympic Games. Asia Cup: The Asia Cup is an international men's and women's field hockey tournament governed by the Asian Hockey Federation (ASHF). It was introduced in 1982 for men's competition and the women's competition was first held in 1985. Champions Trophy: It features the top 6 teams for competing in a round robin format. This tournament has been an annual affair since 1980 for men and since 1987 for women. Sultan Azlan Shah Hockey Tournament: An annual international men's field hockey tournament held in Malaysia. India has 5 titles, the last coming in 2010.
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Domestic: Within the country, there are 36 domestic competitions at the Senior, Junior and Sub-Junior levels. The details of some of these tournaments have been provided hereunder:
World Series Hockey: It is the domestic hockey league in India. This tournament has clubs from eight cities which will participate in the first season in 201112. The tournament will see participation from 200 national and international players. Senior National Hockey Tournament: This tournament is a state representation competition. All senior category teams from States get represented an the winners are called National champions 30 State Competitions: Some of the notable competitions include All India Chattrapati Shivaji Hockey Tournament, The Agha Khan Tournament and the Kodava Hockey Festival 3 Junior level tournaments: Junior National Hockey Tournament, Sub-junior National Hockey Tournament and the Dr. B.R. Ambedkar All India Hockey Tournament.
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IV.
Hockey Courses in India (hockey taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name NS NIS (Patiala and Bangalore) Course Name 1. MSc in Sports Coaching 2. Diploma in Sports Coaching 3. Certificate course in sports coaching Selection Criteria Duration 2 years 1 year Six weeks
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Written test followed by a technical interview. Mandatory requirement should be a Diploma in sports Coaching Written test is followed by a technical interview where the candidates experience and achievements are reviewed
4. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching 2. PGD in Sports Coaching
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NA Written test followed by a technical interview Written test followed by a technical interview
NA 1 Year 1 Year
112
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Hockey Courses in India (hockey taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name Course Name 3. BPEd Selection Criteria Duration 4 years (last year specialized sport)
4. MSc in Sports Coaching
1 Year
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Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education (LNCPE), Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 2. MPEd 1. BPEd
Diploma in Sports Coaching is mandatory 3 years
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Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview
2 year
Other notable Hockey Academies in India Name Intake National Institution of Sport SAIL Hockey Academy Details
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NA NA
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NA 32 cadets chosen every year, on full scholarships Training provided by trained professionals for 36 hours a week Tournaments and Summer camps are also conducted NA NA NA NA 60 talented boys are selected Fully sponsored other than food, which is at Rs.120 per day Initiated by Dhanraj Pillai and Ashish Ballal 28 trainees in the 16-21 age group are trained free of cost Training provided for 5 hours a day
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Jai Bharat Hockey Academy Jude Felix Hockey Academy Chail Military School Motilal Nehru School of Sports Hockey Academy, Jhalandar
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NA NA NA 100 NA
Dhanraj Ballal Hockey Academy, Karnatakah
NA
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V.
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
Hockey has a pan India coverage with every state/UT having a member association for the sport. Additionally, there are 4 more members associated to High Impact. These include - Indian Railways, Air India sports, All India Universities and Services Sports Control Board. 113
Target Rating Point (TRP)
A TRP rating of 91 million114 indicated the large viewership for Hockey in India. With events such as WSH being broadcasted in February, TRP ratings are set to increase further.

Over the years Indian Hockey has made the country proud through its excellent on-field performances. This may be indicated with the amount spent and the number of medals won (in all forms of international hockey tournaments) in past 3 years. An investment of INR 28.51 Crore during the period of 2008 2011 India has won positions in 7 International tournaments (3 Gold; 2 Silver and 2 Bronze) 115.
6.00 5.00 4.00 Medals won 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 0 2008-2009
Hockey spending corresponding to medals won

5
14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 Spending in Cr.
4.00 2.00 0.00
2009-2010 Medals won by Year Spending (` Cr.) Medals Won
2010-2011
Indian Hockey has received a large amount of funding to boost the chances of winning medals at the Commonwealth Games as well as the World Cup. The funding has borne fruit with more podium performances in the year 2010-2011.There needs to be constant funding in order to further increase the chances of winning medals in the next few years. Funding for the sport needs to develop in order to have medal chances at the London Olympics, 2012.
113 114 115
As mentioned on the Hockey India website http://www.hockeyindia.org/pdf/memorandum_hockey.pdf TAM, Edelweiss research Source: Ernst & Young research
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I.
Olympic Games 116 Hockey Olympic Medals (1925 - Till date)

4 3 Medals 2 1 0 Gold Silver Bronze 0 0 1950-1975 3 1 2 4 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1925-50 4 0 0
1975-2000 1 0 0
2000 - Till date 0 0 0
INFERENCE: Indias performance at the Olympics stage has been a cause for concern. From the chart above it can be seen that India (British-India and post independence) dominated the Olympic games by winning 8 gold medals till 1976. Since, India has not been able to win any medals and reached its lowest point by not qualifying for the Beijing 2008 Olympics. The results can be attributed to the introduction of Astro-turf as well as the problems in administration within the hockey bodies in the country.
Asian Games 117 Hockey Asian Games Medals (1950 - Till date)
7 6 5 Medals 4 3 2 1 0 Gold Silver Bronze 1 0 1950-1975 1 4 0 1975-2000 2 6 2 0 2000 - till date 0 2 3 4 3 2 2 2 6
INFERENCE: Since the inception of the Asian Games India has won 3 gold medals and 10 silvers till the year 2000. Only Pakistan has done better than India in the Asian games. What is notable is that post 2000 there has been more competition at the Asian Games. This can be seen as India has won less silver medals and more bronze medals.
II.
116 117
Source: Indian Olympic Association ,Ernst & Young research Source: Indian Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research
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National Games (Men) Hockey National Games (2002-2011) (Men)

3 2 Medals 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
Punjab 2 1 0
Services 1 0 1
Others 0 1 1
Gold Silver Bronze
In the past three national games, it can be inferred that Punjab has been the most dominant state in mens hockey. This is attributed to the states interest in the sport as well as the quality of academies in the region.
National Games (Women) Hockey National Games (2002-2011) (Women)

3.5 3 2.5 Medals 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Gold Silver Bronze 0 Haryana 3 0 0 0 0 Jharkhand 0 3 0 0 0 0 Others 0 0 3 3 3 3
In the past three national games, it can be inferred that Haryana has been the most dominant state in womens hockey. The region boasts women with interest in sport and competition.
E. Way forward
Over the past 60 years of Indian hockey, India has seen both ends of the spectrum, from dominating the Olympics in the early years, to its decline since the introduction of astro-turf fields. With the revamp of the administrative structure and influx of foreign coaches, the Indian teams have responded well to international influences. This can be seen with the performances at the recent Olympic qualifiers held in February 2012. Indian hockey is on the rise once again, and with the foundation of World Series Hockey one only sees a rise up the rankings for Indian hockey in the near future.
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Judo
A. Introduction
Judo is a modern Japanese martial art and combat sport, which originated in Japan in the late nineteenth century. Judo has been an Olympic sport since 1964. The womens competition was introduces at the 1992 Olympics. In India, Judo is governed by the Judo Federation of India and is affiliated to the International Judo Federation. India judokas won medals at the 1986 and 1994 Asian Games. Judo is also one of the disciplines in the National Games.
B.
Levels
Tournaments
Olympic Games Commonwealt h Games Asian Games World Judo Championships Nat ional Games Nat ional Championships Federat ion Cup
Zonal t ournament s
Zonal/ Regional
State
St at e level t ournament s
District
Block/Village
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C.
Current status
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Judo is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport.
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II.
Arjuna Award
07
Key Partnerships
Indian Oil Sports Scholarships: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players with a view to encourage talent and create a pool of sportspersons from whom to select sport appointees to the Corporation.
III.
Key Tournaments
International
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Olympic Games: Judo became an Olympic sport in 1964. The womens events were started in 1992. Commonwealth Games: Judo is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since the 1990. It is an optional sport therefore it may not be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the Games. It was excluded at the 2010 edition but will be included in the forthcoming 2014 Commonwealth Games at Glasgow. World Judo Championships: The World Judo Championships is an annual event organized by International Judo Federation. Asian Games: Judo has been an event at the Asian Games since 1986 games.
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Domestic:
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IV.
National Games: Judo is one of the sports contested at the biennial National Games. National Judo Championships: These national level championships are organized for senior, junior and sub junior level sportsperson. Federation Cup: Federation Cup is a national level Judo tournament in India. State level Judo championships.
Judo Courses in India (Judo taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name NS NIS (Patiala and Bangalore) Course Name 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching 2. Certificate course in sports coaching 3. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Selection Criteria Duration 1 year
6 weeks
NA
NA
118
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Judo Courses in India (Judo taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior 2. M.PEd. Course Name 1. BPEd Selection Criteria Duration 4 years (last year specialized sport) 4 semester degree course
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Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview Physical fitness test Proficiency test Written test
Other notable Judo Academies in India Name Intake Academy of Aikido, Calcutta Judo Club National Institution of Sport D.D Judo Academy Bangalore Military School CMP Centre Details
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V.
f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA
f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
The Indian Judo Federation has 28 member state associations and 7 member departments.


5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 4
Medals
1986 0 0 4
1994 0 0 1
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: India has only won medals at two editions of the Asian Games. In 1986 they won 4 bronze medals. The level of performance has not been consistent enough, with the country only winning one medal at the 1994 edition and nothing after. This can be attributed to the rise of other Asian nations and the stagnation of the Indian contingent. II. Domestic Performances
119
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Judo National Games (2011) (Men)

4 3 Medals 2 1 0 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 3
Punjab 3 2 3
Delhi 2 2 3
Haryana 2 1 3
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Punjab won the maximum gold medals at the 2011 National Games. Delhi and Haryana won two gold medals each. Overall Punjab won 8 medals followed by Delhi with 7 and Haryana with 6.
National Games (Women) Judo National Games (2011) (Women)

4 3 Medals 2 1 0 3 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 3
Manipur 3 2 3
Jharkhand 2 1 1
UP 1 3 1
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Manipur has dominated womens Judo. In the 2011 National Games they won a total of 8 medals winning 3 golds. Jharkhand won 4 medals with 2 gold.
E. Way forward
Judo has potential of becoming a highly competitive sport in the country. Judo can be introduced to people as a means of self defence. Indian judokais have won medals at the International stage. The government needs to provide more financial support in order to increase the interest level and integrate the sport in society.
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Kabaddi
A. Introduction
Kabaddi originated from India. India is the dominant force in Kabaddi having won all the Asian Games gold medals and world cups. Kabaddi was included in the 1990 Asian Games for the first time. The Amateur kabaddi Federation of India is the sports governing body in India and is affiliated to The International Kabaddi Federation (IKF). Kabaddi is not recognized by the International Olympic Committee. However, efforts are being made by the IKF to get Kabaddi included in 2020 Olympic Games.
B.
Levels
Tournaments
Asian Games World Cup Nat ional Games Nat ional Championships
State
District
Int er dist rict t ournament s
Block/Village
Page 144 of 201
C.
Current status
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Kabaddi is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. Schemes like National Sports Festival for Women also emphasize on development of Kabaddi in the country. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport.
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II.
Dhyan Chand Award Dronacharya Award Arjuna Award
01 02 26
Key Partnerships
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Pearls Infrastructure Group 120: Title sponsors of the World Cups in 2010 and 2011. Omex, Trident 121: Co sponsors of World Cup 2010. PTC 122: Broadcasters of the World Cups in 2010, 2011 Indian Oil Sports Scholarships: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players with a view to encourage talent and create a pool of sportspersons from whom to select sport appointees to the Corporation.
III.
Key Tournaments
International
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Asian Games: Kabaddi was introduced at the 1990 Asian Games. The womens event was included for the first time in 2010. South Asian Games: Kabaddi was included in the South Asaian Games for the forst time in 1984. World Cup: The first kabaddi world cup for men was played in 2007. In 2010, the first circle style and third overall world cup was held in Punjab. In the 2011 circle style world cup, womens teams were also included. First Womens world cup took place in 2012.
Domestic:
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National Games: Kabaddi is one of the disciplines in the biennial national games. National Kabddi Championships: Played at senior, junior and sub junior levels. Also, include Beach Kabaddi Championships.
120 121 122
Peals Group, EY Research- http://www.sportzpower.com/?q=content/pearls-infra-likely-title-sponsor-wc-kabaddi-rs-80-mn-deal Omex, Trident EY Research- http://www.sportzpower.com/?q=content/parle%E2%80%99s-world-cup-kabaddi-punjab-scoops-rs60mn-sponsorship PTC, EY Research- http://www.sportzpower.com/?q=content/parle%E2%80%99s-world-cup-kabaddi-punjab-scoops-rs60mn-sponsorship
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IV.

Course Name 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching 2. Certificate course in sports coaching 3. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Selection Criteria Duration 1 year
Kabaddi Courses in India (Kabaddi taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name NS NIS (Patiala and Bangalore)
6 weeks
f f f f
NA
NA
Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education (LNCPE), Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram
1. BPEd 1. BPEd
Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview
4 years (last year specialized sport) 3 years
2. MPEd
2 year
f
3. M.Phil.
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Written test Proficiency Test Interview
Other notable Kabbadi Academies in India Name Intake National Institution of Sport Dhanoa sports Sher-e-Punjab Kabbadi Academy Prabodhan Kridabhvan Dasmesh Kabbadi Club Kabbadi Club Academy Details
f f f f f f
V.
f f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA NA
f f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA NA
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
The All India Amateur Kabaddi Federation has 31 member associations which include state member associations as well as BSF Sports BSNL Sports & Cultural Board, Railways Sports promotion board and Services Sports Control board.

World Cup 124
123 124
All information for Sports Education/ Courses has been taken from the respective institutions website. Source: Ernst & Young research
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World Cup (2004 - Till date)

3
Medals
1 0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Gold
INFERENCE: In both mens and womens kabaddi, India has dominated the world cup by winning all the editions. Kabaddi as a sport is ingrained into our culture and therefore the involvement and interest level is high.
Asian Games 125 Asian Games (1990 - Till date)

3 2
2 Medals 1 1 1 1 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1990 1 0 0
1994 1 0 0
1998 1 0 0
2002 1 0 0
2006 1 0 0
2010 2 0 0
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Since the introduction of the sport at the Asian Games in 1990, India has won all the gold medals at each edition after.
125
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II.
National Games (Men) Kabaddi National Games (2011) (Men)

2
Medals
Rajasthan 1 0 0
Delhi 0 1 0
Haryana 0 0 1
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Rajasthan won the Gold at the 2011, National Games. Silver and bronze were won by Delhi and Haryana respectively.
National Games (Women) Kabaddi National Games (2011) (Women)

2
Medals
Haryana 1 0 0
Maharashtra 0 1 0
Punjab 0 0 1
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Haryana won the gold at the 2011, National Games. Silver and bronze were won by Maharashtra and Punjab respectively.
E.
Way forward
India is the dominant force in Kabaddi and has yet to lose an international event. Efforts must be made by the concerned authorities to include Kabaddi in the Olympics and commonwealth games as Kabaddi is a bright medal prospect.
Page 148 of 201
Motorsports
A. Introduction
Motorsports is the group of sports which primarily involve the use of motorized vehicles, whether for racing or non-racing competition. Motorsports is one of the most lucrative sports in the world. The Fdration Internationale de lAutomobile (FIA) is the governing body for world motor sport and the federation of the worlds leading motoring organizations. Its most prominent role is in the licensing and arbitration of Formula One motor racing. The Commission Internationale de Karting (CIK or CIK-FIA) is the primary international sanctioning body for Kart racing. In 2000, it joined with the FIA. The Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India (FMSCI) is the National Sporting Authority (ASN) of FIA. It is also recognized by the government of India and the IOA. Besides, FMSCI, Motor Sports Association of India is also recognized by FIA. The Indian presence in Formula 1 racing has been growing over the years. Narain Karthikeyan was the first Indian to drive in a formula 1 race. Indian businessman Vijay Mallaya owns a Formula 1 team named Force India. The Indian Grand Prix is now an important part of the F1 calendar. Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include Flag Marshall, Rally Marshall, Rescue Marshall, Pit/Grid Marshall, Spectator Marshall, Scrutineers, Mechanics.
B.
Current status
I. Key Partnerships
f f f
Airtel 126: Airtel were the title sponsors of the first Indian Grand Prix in 2011. However, the tenure of the contract is not known. JK Tyre 127: JK Tyre launched the national racing championships in 1997. JK Tyre started 4-stroke karting championship in 2000 and later on introduced professional level of karting in 2005 with the introduction of the Rotax 2 stroke kart engines. Force India: announced the launch of the Force India F1 Team Academy - an initiative aimed at identifying racing talent in India and providing vocational and academic training for young Indians aspiring to a serious professional career in motorsports. The Force India F1 Team Academy has been set up as a separate, not-for-profit entity based in India and will devote itself to :Talent Identification and nurturing of racing talent in India - Vocational Training for a career in motor sport or related industries Academic Programmes related to the field of motorsports ExxonMobil Lubricants Pvt. Ltd.: Co-launch of the Force India Academy. Mercedes-Benz 128, the automobile partner for the Buddh International Circuit (BIC), in collaboration with Jaypee Sports International launched the AMG Performance Driving Academy.
f f
II.
Key Tournaments
International
f f
FIA Formula One World Championship: It is the highest class of single seater auto racing sanctioned by FIA. Narain Karthikeyan and Karun Chandok are the only Indians who have competed in the Formula 1 championship. FIA Formula Two Championship: It is a one-make class of auto racing for Formula Two open wheeled single seater racing cars. It provides a low cost alternative to drivers who aspire to compete in motor racing at a level to progress directly to Formula One. The FIA Formula 3 International Trophy: It is a FIA-sanctioned international formula tournament for Formula Three cars launched in 2011. This trophy along with other formula 3 series is considered as the first stepping stone for Formula 1 hopefuls. Success in F3 can lead directly to more senior formulae such as a F2 and GP2 seat, or even a Formula One test or race seat.
126 127 128
Airtel, EY Research - http://www.indianexpress.com/news/airtel-is-title-sponsor-for-indian-f1-gp/833852/ JK Tyre, EY Research - http://www.jktyre.com/Motorsport/Motor_Overview.aspx Mercedes Benz, EY Research - http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/racing/Performance-Driving-Academy-at-Buddh-International-
Circuit/articleshow/11369160.cms
Page 149 of 201
GP2 Series: GP2 series is a feeder series for the Formula 1. GP2 has made it mandatory for all of the teams to use the same chassis, engine and tyre supplier so that true driver ability is reflected. Karun Chandok of India competed in GP2 series for three years. GP3 Series: The GP3 Series, is a single seater motor racing series launched in 2010 as a feeder series for the GP2 Series. The Karting World Championship: It takes place once a year, each year in a different country, and is kart racing's flagship event. Starting 2011, the championship will be disputed on five rounds, each of them in a different country.
f f
Domestic:
JK Tyre National Racing Championship: This championship series is also considered to be the stepping stone for Indian Racing drivers who want to break into international motorsports. Latest technology in the cars, introduction of single seater formula cars upto 1600cc engines powered by three manufacturers , Super Saloon cars (cc to weight ratio) and support races of Super Bikes 600cc to 1000cc has put National Racing Championship at par of the level 4 racing in the world JK Tyre Indian National Rotax Max Karting Championship: This is the national karting championship conducted by the FMSCI.
III.
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
Over 100 motorsports clubs are associated with the FMSCI
Page 150 of 201
Rowing
A. Introduction
Rowing is a sport in which athletes race against each other on rivers, lakes or on the ocean, depending upon the type of race and the discipline. The boats are propelled by the reaction forces on the oar blades as they are pushed against the water. Competitive rowing teams are restricted by a total weight per boat. It is also one of the oldest Olympic sports. Qualifying for international rowing events is under the jurisdiction of the International Rowing Federation or Fdration Internationale des Socits d'Aviron (FISA). The Rowing Federation of India was founded on August 30, 1976. Since then the RFI has been popularizing the game nationwide and producing distinct players from the country.
B.

The selection of the national team is done through the following levels:
Levels

Tournaments
Olympic Games World Cup Championships World Cup Commonwealt h Games Asian Championships Asia Grand Prix Nat ional games Junior Nat ionals Sub-Junior Nat ionals Challenger Sprint s Open Nat ionals Open Sprint s Nat ional games Junior Nat ionals Sub-Junior Nat ionals Challenger Sprint s Open Nat ionals Open Sprint s Nat ional games Junior Nat ionals Sub-Junior Nat ionals Open Nat ionals Open Sprint s
Zonal/ Regional
State
District
Block/Village
Open Nat ionals Open Sprint s
Page 151 of 201
C.
Current status
The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport. Till date the government has recognized 9 professionals:
f f f
II.
Dyanchand Award Dronacharya Award Arjuna Award
01 01 13
Key Partnerships
f f f f
III.
Polaritis 129: Polaritas Research-development Company that is responsible for the electro-pneumatic controlled Starting System and marking System for canoe-kayak and rowing race course are some of the developments and products of the company. WUDI 130: WUDI Boats and Oars are available for Racing, Training and Touring with Full service Sunny Water Sports 131: manufacturer of IKCA approved Kayaks and Canoes and manufacturer of Rowing Boats as per Latest International Specifications Swatick FIbchem 132: Manufactures of quality Rowing Boats, Water Slides, Fiber Glass Shades, Air Coolers
Key Tournaments
International
f f f
Olympic Games: Rowing at the Summer Olympics has been part of the competition since the 1900 Summer Olympics. Only men were allowed to compete until the women's events were introduced at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. Asian Games: A multi-sport event that is hosted every four years. Rowing has been in the programme since 1982 South Asian Games: a biennial multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia. The games are under regulation of the Southeast Asian Games Federation with supervision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Olympic Council of Asia. World Cup: The World Rowing Cup is an international rowing competition organized by FISA (the International Rowing Federation). It first began in 1997 and is held every year at the start of the summer. Another major tournament is the Asian Rowing Championship; where India has been highly successful through the history of the tournament. Junior World Rowing Championships, held every year (18 years of age or younger)
f f f f
Domestic: Domestically there are 5 tournaments that are competed in. These tournaments happen year round, and lead to the selection of the national squads for the above mentioned tournaments.
f f f f f
Open National Championships Open Sprints Junior National Championships Sub-Junior National Championships Challenger Sprints
129 130 131 132
Rowing Federation of India, Ernst & Young research Rowing Federation of India, Ernst & Young research Rowing Federation of India, Ernst & Young research Rowing Federation of India, Ernst & Young research
Page 152 of 201
IV.
Sport Education/courses:
Intake Madras Boat Club Kodaikanal Boat Club Details
Notable Rowing Academies in India Name
f f
V.
f f
NA NA
f f
NA NA
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
Archery Association of India is affiliated to 15 State Archery Associations. Archery is part of Inter-University Games, All India Police Sports Control Board, Corps of Engineering Rowing Association and Services Sports Control Board


4 3 Medals 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 4
1982 0 0 1
1990 0 0 4
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: From the chart above it can be inferred that India did well between the two events in the 1990s. India showed progress from winning 1 bronze in 1982 to 4 at the 1990 Asian Games. Unfortunately India has not been able to win any medals since then.
133
Page 153 of 201
South Asian Games
South Asian Games

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7
Medals
2004 1 1 0
2006 7 0 0
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Indias performance at the South Asian games has been promising. At the last event competed in, India won 7 gold medals, which is a significant rise from the 1 gold medal won in 2004. Higher concentration to events that suit the Indian athlete will lead to better performances in the future.
Asian Rowing Championships
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1985 Gold Silver 1989 1997 Bronze
Asian Rowing Championships(1985- 2011)
Medals
1999
2001
2003
2005
2009
2011
2 per. Mov. Avg. (Bronze)
INFERENCE: India has been dominant in the South Asian competitions till date with successful podium finishes in every year. As a country, this competition is taken seriously and therefore there is a larger contingent. This allows the country to pick up the best talent for bigger events.
Page 154 of 201
II.
National Games (Men) Rowing National Games (2002-2011) (Men)

20 16 Medals 12 8 4 0 2 1 3 1 0 1 2 1 3 5 6 1 4 19
Services Gold Silver Bronze 19 2 1
Maharsht ra 3 1 0
Uttaranch al 1 2 1
AP 3 5 6
Punjab 1 4 2
In the past three national games, it can be inferred that Services has dominated the field of rowing with over 7 gold medals in the last three national games (2002,2007 and 2011)
National Games (Women) Rowing National Games (2002-2011) (Women)

10 8 Medals 6 4 2 0 4 9 9 7 5 3 2 3 2 5 2
Kerala 9 9 4
Orissa 7 3 2
Manipur 3 2 5
AP 5 2 1
Punjab 1 1 0
Gold Silver Bronze
The womens nationals are much closer than the mens. Kerala overall has more medals with 9 golds and 9 silvers followed by Orissa with 7 golds and 3 silvers.
E.
Way forward
Internationally, rowing as a sport is developed through universities, with The Boat Race between the Oxford University Boat Club and the Cambridge University Boat Club being one of the most famous rowing contests. In India rowing has been run my club associations in the country for many years. With the creation of a recognized federation the results have been tremendous till date. Although the country has not done well on the International front, the Asian and South-Asian Games performances show Indians potential. If proper efforts are made to develop this sport, India can do well at the Olympics and Asian Games and be competent against its European and other counterparts.
Page 155 of 201
Sailing
A. Introduction
Sailing in India can be traced back to the first recorded race being sailed in 1830 in Mumbai. Till the time the British left India after the Second World War, the five active sailing clubs were based at Bombay, Madras, Bangalore, Barrackpore and Nainital. Sailing is an organized and well recognized Olympic sport. The Yachting Association of India (YAI) is the sports governing body in India and is affiliated to the International Sailing Federation (ISAF). Sailing is recognized by the Commonwealth Games Federation as an optional sport and can only be included from 2018 Commonwealth Games.
B.
Levels
Tournaments
Olympic Games Asian Games ISAF Sailing World Championships India Int ernat ional Regat t a Nat ional Games
Zonal/ Regional
Nat ional Championships
St at e Sailing Tournament s
State
Sail Club Tournament s
District
Page 156 of 201
C.
Current status
f f
The Government of India supported the India International Regatta in 2010 and 2011. 134 The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport.
f f f
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award Dronacharya Award Arjuna Award
02 01 16
II.
Key Partnerships
f f f
Raymond 135, Gamesa 136, Tissot 137: Gold partners of the India International Regatta 2011. Other sponsors of the event include Volvo, Ocean Blue and Coca Cola. 138 Barclays, RBC, Tata Photon 139 were among the sponsors of the Monsoon Regatta in 2011.
III.
Key Tournaments
International
f f f f f f
Olympic Games: Sailing has been a part of the Olympic Games since 1896. Apart from 1904, it has been included in all the Olympic Games. ISAF Sailing World Championships: It is the principal qualification regatta for the Olympics. It is held every four years. Asian games: Sailing was introduced in the 1970 Asian Games and has been a regular feature since the 1978 games. India won a silver medal at the 2010 Asian Games. India International Regatta: India International Regatta is held each year in October - November at Chennai, Tamil Nadu. ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships, held every year (under 19)
Domestic:
f f
National Games: Sailing is one of the disciplines in the national games held after every two years. Sailing was not included in the 34th National Games but will be included in 35th National Games. National Championships: National level regattas are organized by member clubs and class associations of the YAI. Eg. Laser Coastal National Sailing Championship.
134 135 136 137 138 139
Government Support, Ernst & Young research Raymond, Ernst & Young research Gamesa, Ernst & Young research Tissot, Ernst & Young research Other sponsors, Ernst & Young research Monsoon Regatta, Ernst & Young research
Page 157 of 201
IV.
Sport Education/courses:
Notable Sailing/ Yachting Academies in India Name Intake Chennai Sailing Academy Bombay Yacht Club Aquasail Yatching Academy Details
f f f
V.
f f f
NA NA NA
f f f
NA NA NA
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
f f
The YAI has 52 member clubs. These 52 member clubs also include state associations. The YAI also has 9 member class associations.


3 2 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 0
Medals
1 0
1970 0 0 1
1978 0 1 0
1982 1 1 1
1986 0 1 0
1990 0 0 2
1994 0 0 2
2002 0 1 2
2006 0 1 1
2010 0 1 0
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: From the above graph it can be noted that other than the 1974 Asian Games India has recorded medal finishes in each of the competitions. 1982 has been Indias best medal finish winning a gold, silver and bronze. The performances since have been rewarded with medals since, but till 1994 India could managed to win only bronze medals. This trend has picked up since the 2002 Asian Games where the efforts have yielded silver medals instead of bronze, showing the countries progress.
E. Way forward
Yachting clubs by nature are unfortunately restricted to certain geographic locations. There is a small talent pool due to this factor. The government therefore needs to be able to develop infrastructure in more coastal areas in order to promote the sport which can increase interest levels. Indias performance at the Asian Games shows the potential the country has; this potential needs to be explored and tapped by providing the sportsperson ideal facilities to develop their talents.
140
Page 158 of 201
Shooting
A. Introduction
Shooting as a competitive sport involving tests of proficiency (accuracy and speed) using various types of guns such as firearms and airguns. There are many disciplines that come under the category of shooting. The event holds a large portion of gold medals at the Olympics. The governing body for the sport in India is the National Rifle Association of India (NRAI) which was formed on April 17, 1951, to develop the sport in India and impart training to civilians for self-defense.
B.

There are three levels of squads internationally represent India. The final team is selected through the below mentioned tournaments:
Levels
Tournaments
Olympic Games Commonwealt h Games Asian Games
State
Nat ional Shoot ing Championship Compet it ions (NSCC) All India G.V. Mavlankar Shoot ing Championship (AIGVMSC) Sardar Sajjan Singh Set hi Memorial Mast ers Shoot ing Championship Kumar Surendra Singh Memorial Shoot ing Championship All India Kumar Surendra Singh Memorial Int er School Shoot ing Championship
St at e Novices Open Dist rict and School Tournament s
District
Page 159 of 201
C.
Current status
f f f f
II.
RG Khel Ratna Award Padmashree Award Dronacharya Award Arjuna Award
05 01 01 34
Key Partnerships
f
III.
Ithaca Gun Company 141: Help in sponsoring equipment for national competitions
Key Tournaments
International
f f
Olympic Games: Shooting sports have been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics except at the 1904 & 1928 editions. Commonwealth Games: Shooting sports have been contested at the Commonwealth Games since 1966 with the exception of 1970. Events were open until they were segregated by gender in 1994 for pistol and most rifle events and in 2002 for trap and skeet events; the full bore rifle competitions remained open. Asian Games: The Asian Games hosts all disciplines of shooting.
f f
Domestic: Within the country, there are many open tournaments held for selection of pre-national qualifier teams. Details of some of these tournaments have been provided hereunder:
f f f f f
National Shooting Championship Competitions (NSCC) All India G.V. Mavlankar Shooting Championship (AIGVMSC) Sardar Sajjan Singh Sethi Memorial Masters Shooting Championship Kumar Surendra Singh Memorial Shooting Championship All India Kumar Surendra Singh Memorial Inter School Shooting Championship
IV.
Notable Shooting Academies in India Name Intake Dr. Karni Singh, Delhi Balewadi Shooting range, Pune Top Gun Shooting Academy Gun for Glory Shooting Academy Details
f f f f
f f f f
NA NA NA NA
f f f f
NA NA NA NA
141 142
Steel Challenge All information for Sports Education/ Courses has been taken from the respective institutions website.
Page 160 of 201
Notable Shooting Academies in India Name Intake Rana Shooting Academy Motilal Nehru School of Sports Details
f f
V.
f f
NA 50
f f
NA NA
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
The NRAI network has 53 affiliated state associations and units. 143

Indian Shooting was subject to a lot of interest post the Beijing Olympics. Abhinav Bindra was the first Indian to win an individual gold medal in Indian Olympic history. Since then, there has been an increased level of interest in the sport which has resulted in an influx of investment for training. The below table indicates the amount spent and the number of medals won (in major international tournaments) in past 3 years. An investment of INR 50.96 Crore during the period of 2008 2011 has won 42 medals International tournaments (Olympics, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games and World Shooting Championships) 144. Shooting spending corresponding to medals won
55 50 45 40 Medals won 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2008-2009 0 2009-2010 Spending (` s Cr. ) by Year Medals Won Medal won 2010-2011 41 20 18 16 14 10 8 6 4 2 0 Spending in Cr. 12
Indian Shooting has received a large amount of funding to boost the chances of winning medals at the 2012, London Olympics.
143 144
As mentioned on the National Rifle Association website Source: Ernst & Young research
Page 161 of 201
I.
Olympic Games 145 Olympic Medals

4 3 Medals 2 1 0 Gold Silver Bronze
2008 1 0 0
INFERENCE: Indias only individual gold medal in Olympic history came at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Abhinav Bindra helped India win its first gold. India is hopeful for another podium finish at the 2012, London Olympics

3 2 2 2 2 3 3
2 Medals 1 1 1
1962
1974 1
1978 1
1982 2 1
1986 1 2
1990
1994 1
1998 2
2002 2
2006 3 5 6
2010 1 3 4
Gold Silver Bronze 1
INFERENCE: Indias performance at the Asian Games has always resulted in podium finishes. Indian shooters have performed better since the 2006 Asian Games by winning 3 gold medals. This performance unfortunately dropped resulting in only one gold medal at the 2010 Asian Games.
Commonwealth games 147
145 146
Source: Indian Olympic Association ,Ernst & Young research Source: Indian Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research
Page 162 of 201
Commonwealth Games
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 16
14
14 11
Medals
7 4 2 1 3
7 4
1998 4 2 1
2002 14 7 3
2006 16 7 4
2010 14 11 5
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: From the graph above, it is noted that Indias has dominated the Commonwealth Games since the 2002 edition. Performances have improved overall, as can be seen due to the increase of the overall medal tally at each event.
II.
National Games (Men) Shooting National Games (2011) (Men)

11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 10
6 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
Medals
SSCB Gold Silver Bronze 10 6 2
Karnata ka 1
UP
HP 1
Haryana 1 3 3
Tamil Nadu
MP 2
Delhi
Mahara Punjab shtra 2 1 1
1 2 1
1 1 3
INFERENCE: Services Board has dominated the National Games in an analysis of all disciplines competed. Services won a total of 18 medals at the 2011 National Games. Haryana state performed second best by winning 7 medals in total.
f National Games (Women)
147
Page 163 of 201
Shooting National Games (2011) (Women)

7 6 5 Medals 4 3 2 1 0 2 1 1 4 3
2
1
Punjab Gold Silver Bronze 1 2
Maharas htra 4 6
HP
Karnatak a
MP
Delhi
Haryana 2
2 3 1 1 2
INFERENCE: Maharashtra won the maximum number of medals at the 2011 National Games. Haryana performed second best by winning 4 medals followed by Punjab which won 3.
E. Way forward
Over the past 60 years of Indian hockey, India has seen both ends of the spectrum, from dominating the Olympics in the early years, to its decline since the introduction of astro-turf fields. With the revamp of the administrative structure and influx of foreign coaches, the Indian teams have responded well to international influences. This can be seen with the performances at the recent Olympic qualifiers held in February 2012. Indian hockey is on the rise once again, and with the foundation of World Series Hockey one only sees a rise up the rankings for Indian hockey in the near future.
Page 164 of 201
Swimming
A. Introduction
Swimming is a sport that is governed in India by the Swimming Federation of India affiliated to Fdration Internationale de Natation (FINA). Swimming is not a mass spectator sport due to its very nature. Innovations like underwater cameras and slow motion close up captures have failed to entice audiences. Swimming as a sport gets maximum attention at the Olympics. Swimmers are highly conditioned athletes, among the best in the world. Michael Phelps extraordinary feat at 2008 Olympics had generated a lot of interest in the sport, even in India. Indias swimming hopes are pinned on Virdhaval Khade (Maharashtra), Richa Mishra (Delhi) and Shikha Tandon (Karnataka).
B.
Levels
Tournaments
Olympic Games Commonwealt h Games Asian games FINA World Championships
Zonal/ Regional
Int er zonal t ournament s
State
St at e seniors and junior level t ournament s
District
School and Club Level
Block/Village
Page 165 of 201
C.
Current status
f f
Center of Excellence: The setting up of a centre of excellence at the Talkatora Swimming Pool Complex was announced by the union minister of state (sports). Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Swimming is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. Schemes like National Sports Festival for Women. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport. Till date the government has recognized 22 professionals: Arjuna Award 22
f f f
II.
Key Partnerships
f f f
Indian Oil Sports Scholarships 148: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players with a view to encourage talent and create a pool of sportspersons from whom to select sport appointees to the Corporation. Speedo: Speedo in 2008 announced its intention of developing local swimming heroes. Some of the companies associated with various swimming tournaments over the years include LIC, Canara Bank
III.
Key Tournaments
International
f f
Olympic Games: Swimming has been a sport at every modern Summer Olympics. It has been open to women since 1912. It is one of the most popular spectator sports at the Games and the one with the largest number of events. Commonwealth Games: It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since the inaugural edition of the event's precursor, the 1930 British Empire Games. It is a core sport and must be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the Games. Synchronized swimming and Diving events are optional. Asian Games: Swimming has been a part of Asian Games since 1951. FINA World Championships: The FINA World Championships or World Aquatics Championships are the World Championships for aquatic sports: diving, swimming, open water swimming, synchronized swimming and water polo. They are run by FINA, and in the pool swimming events are contested in a 50 m, or "long course", pool. The event was first held in 1973 and is now held every two years.
f f
Domestic:
f f f
National Games: National Games are held after every two years in India. All states of India participate in the games. National Masters Championships: Marquee domestic swimming event. Other senior, junior and sub-junior level tournaments.
IV.
Sport Education/courses 149
Swimming Courses (swimming taught as a discipline in the following institutions) Institution Name Course Name Selection Criteria Duration
148 149
Indian Oil Sports Scholarships Information been sourced from the each institutions website.
Page 166 of 201
Swimming Courses (swimming taught as a discipline in the following institutions) Institution Name NS NIS (Patiala and Bangalore) Course Name 1. MSc in Sports Coaching 2. Diploma in Sports Coaching 3. Certificate course in sports coaching 4. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior 1. BPEd For men and women working in schools/colleges/universities/industrial houses and other agencies associated with sports 6 weeks Selection Criteria Duration 2 years 1 year
f f
NA
NA
f f f f f f f f
Physical fitness test Proficiency test Written test Physical fitness test Proficiency test Written test Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview
2. M.PEd.
1. BPE 2. MPE
3 years 2 year
f
Other notable Swimming Academies in India Name
Intake Khajan Singh swimming Academy, JLN Stadium, New Delhi SAI Centre of Excellence, Talkatora Swimming Pool Complex, New Delhi National Institution of Sport Nisha Millets Swimming Academy Indian Aquatic Academy Army Sports Institution Motilal Nehru School of Sports
Details
f f f f f f f
V.
f f f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA 50 100
f f f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
Swimming Federation of India has 28 member associations. This also includes police, railways and services sports boards.

Indian Swimming has been on the rise. The performances at the Youth Asian Games have been promising and have led to a large number of medals in 2010-2011. This may be indicated with the amount spent and the number of medals won in past 3 years. An investment of INR 13 Crore during the period of 2008 2011 has yielded 16 medals, including a Bronze at the Commonwealth Games in 2010.
Page 167 of 201
20 15 Medals won 10 5 0 1 2008-2009
Swimming spending corresponding to medals won

16
6 5 Spending in Cr. 4 3 2 1
0 2009-2010 Medal s won Spending (` Cr. ) by Year Medals Won 2010-2011
For India to perform better at International events there needs to be an increased level of spending in the availability of infrastructure. Swimming is not yet looked at as a competitive sport, but more a leisure activity taken up by children in the summer months. If this attitude changes, by integrating the sport at the ground level in schools, swimming will become a sport of choice therefore increasing the level of interest and awareness thereby producing better competition. I. International Performances

4 3 Medals 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1951 1 0 0
1970 0 1 0
1986 0 1 0
2010 0 0 1
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Indias only gold at the Asian Games came in 1951. Since then, Indian swimming has stuttered, only winning silvers at the 1970 and 1986 Asian games.The 2010 Asian Games have yielded a medal for the first time in 14 years. Virdhaval Khade of Maharashtra won the Bronze.
150 151
Source: Indian Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research Source: Indian Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research
Page 168 of 201
Commonwealth Games (2010)

1
Medals
0.5
2010 0 0 1
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Prior to 2010 India had never won a Commonwealth Medal. Virdhaval Khade made India proud by winning a bronze at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in New Delhi.
National Games (Men) Swimming National Games (2011) (Men)

10 9 8 7 Medals 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4 4 3 3 1 1 9 8 7
Karnataka 9 7 4
Maharashtra 8 4 3
MP 3 1 1
Gold Silver Bronze
At the 2011 edition of the National Games, Karnataka dominated with 9 gold medals closely followed by Maharashtra which won 8. Although swimmers from Karnataka have had better success in the overall medal count, Maharashtras Virdhaval Khade was the stand out performer with 5 National records to his name.
Page 169 of 201
Swimming National Games (2011) (Women)

12 10 8 Medals 6 4 2 0 4 1 5 6 6 11 9
Delhi 11 4 1
Maharashtra 5 6 9
Karnataka 2 6 2
Gold Silver Bronze
At the 2011 edition of the National Games, Delhi dominated the medals tally with 11 golds and 16 medals in total. Maharashtra and Karnataka had 5 and 2 golds each respectively. Richa Mishra from Delhi holds 7 National records, followed by Shikha Tandon from Karnataka with 4.
E.
Way forward
Lack of sponsorships has been a perennial problem for the Indian swimmers and the Swimming Federation of India. Swimming lacks the kind of coverage that sports like badminton and hockey get. Indian Swimming has shown potential. This can be seen in the Youth Games that take place. For India to do well in this sport, the country needs to channel its efforts to producing better quality swimmers. Being an individual sport, competition is extremely high, but with initiatives like PYKKA, there will be an increase interest in the sport which should produce a larger base for a selection pool in the future.
Page 170 of 201
Table Tennis
A. Introduction
Table tennis, also known as ping-pong, is a racket sport contested either by two individuals or two doubles teams. China is the dominant force in table tennis. The Chinese contingent won all the table tennis gold medals at the Beijing Olympics. In India, the sport is governed by the Table Tennis Federation of India affiliated to the International Table Tennis Federation. India won its first gold medal at the 2006 Commonwealth games. However, India has never won a medal at the Olympic and the Asian games.
B.
Levels
Tournaments
Olympic Games Commonwealt h Games Asian Games World Table Tennis Championships Nat ional Games Nat ional Table t ennis championships Zonal Ranking Championships
Zonal/ Regional
State
Int er st at e t able t ennis championships
District
Block/Village
Page 171 of 201
C.
Current status
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Table Tennis is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. Schemes like National Sports Festival for Women emphasize on the development of table tennis in the country. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport. Till date the government has recognized 23 professionals:
f f
Arjuna Award
23
II.
Key Partnerships
f f f
III.
Stag International Limited 152: Stag International sponsors 23 state teams and the Indian TT team. Indian Oil Sports Scholarships: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players with a view to encourage talent and create a pool of sportspersons from whom to select sport appointees to the Corporation. Some of the companies 153 associated with various hockey tournaments over the years include Pepsi and Union Bank
Key tournaments
International
Olympic Games: Table tennis competition has been in the Olympic Games since 1988, with singles and doubles events for both men and women. Players from China have dominated the sport, winning a total of 41 medals in 24 events, including 20 gold medals. Commonwealth Games: Table tennis competition has been in the Commonwealth Games as an optional sport since 2002. Asian Games: The event is held every four years for athletes in Asia. Table tennis has been contested at the Asian Games since 1958. China has dominated the table tennis events at the Asian games winning a total of 55 gold medals. World Table Tennis Championships: This is a biennial event and has been held since 1926. The World Team Table Tennis Championships, which include men's team and women's team events, have been held separately since 2000. The Team Championships are held in even numbered years. The World Table Tennis Championships are currently held in odd numbered years.
f f f
Domestic
f f f
National Games: National Games are held after every two years in India. All states of India participate in the games. National & Interstate Table Tennis Championships and Inter Institutional Table Tennis championships are major domestic events. Zonal Ranking Championships
152 153
Stag International, Ernst & Young Research -http://stag.in/victor/press/Zeenews.pdf Other Companies, Ernst & Young Research - http://ttfi.org/events/show1/151
Page 172 of 201
IV.
Table Tennis Courses in India (table tennis taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name NS NIS (Patiala and Bangalore) Course Name 1. MSc in Sports Coaching Selection Criteria Duration 2 years
2. Diploma in Sports Coaching 3. Certificate course in sports coaching 4. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching 2. PGD in Sports Coaching 3. BPEd
1 year
6 weeks
f f f f
NA Written test followed by a technical interview Written test followed by a technical interview Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview
NA
1 Year 1 Year 4 years (last year specialized sport) 3 years
1. BPEd
f f
2. MPEd
2 year
Other notable Table Tennis Academies in India Name Intake Masters Table Tennis Academy (MTTA) Solaris, Kothrud Siliguri Table Tennis Academy Venugopal Chandrasekar, Table Tennis Coaching Center, Chennai National Institution of Sport Prabodhan Kridabhvan Chandra's Table Tennis Coaching Centre Noida Table Tennis Academy St.Paul's STAG Table Tennis Academy Petroleum Sports Promotion Board Panther's Table Tennis Academy Details
f f f f f f f f f f
f f f f f f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA NA 22 NA NA 100
f f f f f f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
154
Page 173 of 201
V.
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
f f
33 state associations are affiliated to the Table Tennis Federation of India. 27 institutions such as the Airport Authority of India, Air India are also associated with TTFI.

Indian Table Tennis has not reached competitive international levels. The sport is still dominated by the Chinese. The government, for the preparation and training of the Indian contingent has invested 13 Crore during the period of 2008 2011. In this period India has won 5 medals.
10.00
Table Tennis spending corresponding to medals won
5.00 4.00
Medals won
5.00
2.00 1.00
0.00
0 2008-2009
0 2009-2010 Medals won by Year Spending (` Cr.) Medals Won 2010-2011
0.00
Indian Table Tennis is ranked 30th in the world. Sharat Kamal is the only Indian Table Tennis player in the top 50. Indian Table Tennis needs to move from being a recreational sport to one of choice and competition. There needs to be constant funding in order to further increase the chances of winning medals in the next few years. Funding for the sport needs to develop in order to have medal chances at future international tournaments. I. International Performances
Commonwealth Games 155 Commonwealth Games

4 3 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 3
Medals
3 2 1 0
2002 0 0
2006 2 0
2010 1 1
Gold Silver
INFERENCE: At the Commonwealth Games India has done well in the past three editions. In 2002, India won three bronze medals which improved to 2 golds and 1 bronze at the Melbourne Commonwealth Games in 2006. India needs to be more consistent with their performances. This can be seen from the graph as the number of gold medals dropped even though the overall medal tally increase from 2006.
155
Spending in Cr.
3.00
Page 174 of 201
II.
National Games (Men) Table Tennis National Games (2011) (Men)

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 5
Medals
TN 2 1 1
WB 1 1 5
Gujarat 0 1 1
Gold Silver Bronze
In the national games, it can be inferred that Tamil Nadu has been the most dominant state in mens Table Tennis winning 2 golds. This is attributed to the states interest in the sport as well as the quality of academies in the region.
National Games (Women) Table Tennis National Games (2011) (Women)

6 5 4 Medals 3 2 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 5
Maharashtra 2 1 1
TN 1 0 1
WB 0 2 5
Gold Silver Bronze
In the national games, it can be inferred that Maharashtra has been the most dominant state in womens Table Tennis. Maharashtra won a total of 4 medals, followed by Tamil Nadu at 2. West Bengal, did not win a gold but won the most number of medals at a total of 7.
E.
Way forward
India has always performed well at the commonwealth table tennis tournaments but has failed to make a mark at the world stage. Indian table tennis training methods can be at best compared with those followed in Europe. The corporates are not interested in table tennis. But there has been a revival of interest in the sport with the appearance of Sharath Kamal who has won two commonwealth gold medals.
Page 175 of 201
Taekwondo
A. Introduction
Taekwondo is a Korean martial art and the national sport of South Korea. Gyeorugi , a Taekwondo style , has been an Olympic event since 2000 and is governed by the World Taekwondo Federation. Taekwondo was recently recognized by the Commonwealth Games Federation as an optional sport and can only be a part of the games from 2018. The Taekwondo Federation of India is the governing body in India. It is affiliated to the World Taekwondo Federation of India. Indias first Asian Games Taekwondo medal came at the 2002 Asian games. Indias first Asian Games Taekwondo medal came at the 2002 Asian games.
B.
Levels
Tournaments
Olympic Games Asian Games World Taekwondo Championships Int ernat ional Taekwondo Championships Nat ional Games Nat ional Championhsips
Zonal/ Regional
Zonal t ournament s Int er zonal t ournament s
State
District
Block/Village
* Details of key national/international tournaments have been provided in section 3.
Page 176 of 201
C.
Current status
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Taekwondo is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme.
II.
Key Partnerships
f f
Informedia 18, Manisha Agri Biotech, Shivaaz 156 were among the sponsors of the International Taekwondo Championship organized by TFI in 2010. Some of the companies associated with various Taekwondo tournaments over the years include Reliance India Mobile, Stag International Limited 157
III.
Key Tournaments
International
f f f f f f f f
Olympic Games: Taekwondo was introduced in the summer Olympics in 2000 as a full medal sport. Asian Games: Taekwondo has been a part of the Asian games since 1986. India won its only medal at the 2002 Busan Asian Games. World Taekwondo Championships: It is a biennial event. International Taekwondo Championship: Biennial event organized by the Taekwondo Federation of India.
Domestic: National Games: Taekwondo is one of the disciplines in the biennial National Games. National level events like the National Open Taekwondo Championship and National Taekwondo Championship for senior, junior and sub junior level players. State Open Taekwondo Championships
IV.
Taekwondo Courses in India ((taekwondo taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name NS NIS (Patiala and Bangalore) Course Name 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching 2. Certificate course in sports coaching Selection Criteria Duration 1 year
f f
Written test is followed by a technical interview where the candidates experience and achievements are reviewed For men and women working in schools/colleges/universities/industrial houses and other agencies associated with sports
Six weeks
3. Refresher course in Sports Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education (LNCPE), 1. BPEd
f f
NA
NA
3 years
156 157 158
Informedia 18 National Taekwondo Committee All information for Sports Education/ Courses has been taken from each institutions websites respectively
Page 177 of 201
Taekwondo Courses in India ((taekwondo taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram Course Name 2. MPEd Selection Criteria Duration 2 year
Other notable Taekwondo Academies in India Name Intake Taekwondo Academy of India National Institution of Sport Bengal Taekwondo Academy Delhi Taekwondo Vipin Kalra's Taekwondo Academy Details
f f f f f
f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA
f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA

5 4 Medals 3 2 1 0 0
1 0
2002 0 0 1
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: India has only won one medal at the Asian Games. The Indian contingent won the bronze at the 2002 event. This can be attributed to the quality of the competition and superiority of the other Asian countries in this sport.
159
Page 178 of 201
II.
National Games (Men) Taekwondo National Games (2011) (Men)

4 3 Medals 2 1 0 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 3
SSCB 3 1 2
Goa 2 2 2
Haryana 1 3 1
MP 1 1 3
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: The Services board dominated with the maximum number of golds by winning 3 at the 2011 National Games. Although what can be seen is that Goa had the same number of medals as the Services Board.
f National Games (Women)

Taekwondo National Games (2011) (Women)
4 3 Medals 2 1 0 0 3 3 2 1 2 1 0 2 1 1 3
Jharkhand 3 0 3
MP 2 1 2
Maharashtra 1 2 0
Karnataka 1 1 3
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Jharkhand clearly dominated the womens event by winning 3 golds and 3 bronze medals. Madhya Pradesh came second in the overall medal tally for this sport by winning 2 gold medals, 1 silver and 2 bronze medals. Other states who also won medals were Maharashtra and Karnataka.
E.
Way forward
Taekwondo like other martial arts needs to be developed as a sport from an early age. Teaching the sport as a method of self defense will increase the basic level of interest in sport. This interest will further need to be nurtured for the countrys competitive needs for the future. Efforts need to be made by the government to increase awareness for this sport.
Tennis
A. Introduction
Tennis is enjoyed by millions of recreational players and is also a hugely popular worldwide spectator sport especially the four Grand Slam tournaments: Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open. Tennis is an individual sport (Davis Cup, Fed Cup being notable exceptions) The All India Tennis Association is the governing body of tennis in India. It was established in 1920 and affiliated by International Tennis Federation and Asian Tennis Federation. AITA operates all of Indian national representative tennis sides including the Indian Davis Cup team, the Indian Fed Cup team and the country youth teams. AITA is also responsible for organizing and hosting tennis tournaments with India and scheduling the home international fixtures. Leander Paes and Mahesh Bhupati have been the recognizable faces in Indian tennis but the emergence of players such as Sania Mirza and Somdev Devvarman point towards its growing popularity in India. Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include service judge, line judge and ball boy.
B. Hierarchy of the sport
Levels
Tournaments
Grand Slams Davis Cup/ Fed Cup ATP/ WTA Tours Olympic Games Commonwealt h Games Asian Games AITA/ ITF Tours
Zonal/ Regional
Int er zonal t ournament s
State
St at e Ranking Tournament s across cat egories (men/ women, junior/ senior)
District
Page 180 of 201
C.
Current status
f f f f
National Sports Development Fund Scheme: Under this scheme the government of India has extended monetary support to some players of the Indian Tennis contingent for the Olympics. National Sport Festival for Women: This festival aims at promoting sports amongst women in India and includes tennis as a discipline. The government of India through the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports had provided financial assistance for renovation and up gradation of the R.K. Khanna Tennis Stadium in Delhi. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport. Till date the government has recognized 16 professionals:
f f
R G Khel Ratna Arjuna Award
01 15
II.
Key Partnerships
f f f f f f
Aircel 160: Telecom major Aircel will be the sponsor of the Indian tennis team for the Davis Cup play-off against Japan in Tokyo September 18-20. Aircel is also the title sponsor of Chennai Open ITC 161: Sunfeast, ITC has the naming rights for the Chennai Open Kingfisher Airlines: Kingfisher Airlines Tennis Open is an ATP tour tournament held in India Neo Sports: Neo sports will be broadcaster of Davis Cup, Fed Cup matches in India. Also, Neo sports will broadcast ATP tour tournaments in India. Indian Oil Sports Scholarships: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players with a view to encourage talent and create a pool of sportspersons from whom to select sport appointees to the Corporation. Nike, Reebok and Adidas: These sport manufacturers support the AITA National Tennis Academy
III.
Key Tournaments
International
Grand Slams: The four Major tennis tournaments, also called the Slams are the mainstays of international tennis. All slams have a qualification tournament that precedes the main tournament draw. The ultimate goal of a professional tennis player is to win a Grand Slam event .They are the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open. Currently, both the Australian Open and the US Open are played on hard courts, while the French Open is played on clay, and Wimbledon is played on grass. Davis Cup: The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. India was runners up in 1966, 1974 and 1987. India has been relegated to Asia/Oceania Zone Group I in 2012. Fed Cup: Fed Cup is the premier team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963. India will compete in the Asia/Oceania Zone of Group II in 2012. ATP and WTA tours: The ATP and WTA are the recognized professional federations for mens and womens tennis. Both organize and have tournaments affiliated to them that are held through the year. The format is a best of 3 sets. The tournaments are a bridge between Grand Slam events and are used to both gain points for rankings and practice for different court types.
f f f
160 161
Aircel, Chennai Open, Ernst & Young research ITC Sunfeast, Chennai Open, Ernst & Young research
Page 181 of 201
Olympic Games: Tennis was part of the Summer Olympic Games program from the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics, but was dropped after the 1924 Summer Olympics. After two appearances as a demonstration sport, it returned as a full medal sport at the 1988 Summer Olympics and has been played at every edition of the Games since then. Since, the 2004 Athens Olympics, results from the Olympics count in the ATP and WTA rankings. Leander Paes bronze at Atlanta Olympics in 1996 is Indias only Olympic medal in tennis. Commonwealth Games: Tennis made its first debut at the Commonwealth Games in 2010 in Delhi, India. Somdev Devvarman won the gold. Asian Games: Tennis is part of the Asian Games program. It has been played at each edition of the games since 1958, with the exception of 1970. Team events began to be contested from 1962.
f f
Domestic:
f f f f
Tournaments at the junior level are divided into championship, talent, super and national series along with two nationals played on clay and hard courts. Senior level tournaments include Nationals played on grass, hard and clay courts. AITA tournaments: These tournaments for seniors are distinguished on the basis of the prize money such AITA 10L, AITA 10K etc. ITF tournaments: These tournaments are also distinguished on the basis of prize money.
IV.
Sport Education/courses 162 :
Tennis Courses in India (Tennis taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name Course Name 1. Diploma in Sports Coaching 2. Certificate course in sports coaching For men and women working in schools/colleges/universities/industrial houses and other agencies associated with sports 6 weeks Selection Criteria Duration 1 year
NS NIS, Bangalore
3. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior 4. BPEd
NA
NA
Written test followed by a proficiency test
3. BPEd
f f
3 years
4. MPEd
2 year
162
Information obtained from the website of the above mentioned institutions
Page 182 of 201
Other notable Tennis Academies in India Name Intake AITA National Tennis Academy, Gurgaon, Haryana Details
NA
f f f
The construction is still underway but there are already nine well laid out clay courts and 20 trainees have been shortlisted for the first batch. Upon completion, the facility will have four more synthetic courts and would be home to more than 80 aspiring talents in and around the country. With library, swimming pool, gym, playing area for other sports and academic facility in the nearby schools, the NTA will be a true residential training complex.
V.
ACE Tennis Academy Nadal Tennis School Kenisis Tennis Academy Peninsula Tennis Academy Mahesh Bhupati Tennis Academy The Tennis Village Harvest Tennis Academy National Tennis Academy Jaidip Mukherjee Tennis Academy JORA Tennis Academy Britannia Amritraj Tennis Academy Chennai Tennis Centre Bangalore Tennis Academy Baseline Tennis Academy Sinette Tennis Academy
Adidas, Nike and Reebok support the academy NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Sport Outreach
Member Associations: AITA has 28 state and Union territory member associations. AITA is also affiliated to the Association of Indian Universities, Services Sports Control Board, Railways Sports Promotion Board and IC of India. The All India Tennis Association is the headquarters of the AITA and is not included in the 28 state associations. Television Viewership Grand Slams and the Davis Cup garner high TV viewership in the urban centers. A television viewership of 95 million indicates a large viewership for Tennis in India.

Tennis being an individual sport cannot be purely judged on medals at events. India has produced two of the greatest doubles players in recent history in Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes. For the purpose of medals and training an investment of INR 20 Crore during the period of 2008 2011 India has won 9 medals at International tournaments including the Commonwealth Games in 2010 (3 Gold; 2 Silver and 4 Bronze) 163.
163
Source: All India Tennis Association, Ernst & Young research
Page 183 of 201
Tennis spending corresponding to medals won

10 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 2008-2009
0 2009-2010 Medals won by Year Spending (` Cr.) Medals won 2010-2011
Indian tennis has not done too well on the international stage. Other then the success at the Commonwealth Games and the Asian Games, there has been very little to talk about at the Davis Cup and the Fed Cup. India was runners up in 1966, 1974 and 1987. I. International Performances
Olympic Games 164 Olympic Games
1 Medals
0 Gold 1996 Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: India, through Leander Paes has won an Olympic bronze at the 1996 Barcelona Olympics. With the rise of European countries in the sport, competing at the Olympics has become as hard as Grand Slams singles. India needs to make more effort to produce better singles tennis players.
Asian Games 165
164 165
Source: Indian Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research Source: Indian Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research
Page 184 of 201
Spending in Cr.
Medals won
Asian Games Medals (1966 - Till date)

4 3 Medals 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 3 2 2 2 2 1 2
1966 0 0 1
1978 0 0 1
1982 0 1 0
1990 0 0 1
1994 2 0 1
1998 0 0 3
2002 1 1 2
2006 2 2 0
2010 2 1 2
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: India has done well at the Asian Games, as the Indian contingent is competent at the international level. India won its first gold medal at the 1994 Asian Games. Indian tennis has risen above the Asian level. Since the 2002 Asian Games, India has always won a gold medal. This proves that the Indian contingent is a strong one.
II.
National Games (Men) Tennis National Games (2002-2011) (Men)

5 4 Medals 3 2 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 4 3 2 1 1 3
Delhi 4 1 2
TN 0 3 1
Maharastra 2 0 3
WB 0 1 1
Gold Silver Bronze
Delhi has dominated the national games in tennis for the past two events taken place. Maharashtra has also received gold medals.
Page 185 of 201
Tennis National Games (2002-2011) (Women)

6 5 4 Medals 3 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 5 4
Delhi 5 1 1
Karnataka 1 0 1
Maharshtra 0 2 4
WB 0 1 0
Gold Silver Bronze
Like the mens, Delhi dominates the womens nationals as well. Karnataka is the only other state to have won gold at the nationals
E.
Way forward
The country has achieved great success in the doubles and mixed doubles format and the rise of players such as Sania Mirza and Somdev Devvraman show the countries potential in the sport. Hosting International tournaments such as the Chennai Open have increased the interest in the sport even further. Tennis needs to be promoted at the grassroots level to churn out high quality players that can dominate the singles game as well which has been Indias falling in grand slams and team events. More efforts need to be made, to bridge the gap between India and its European counterparts.
Page 186 of 201
Weightlifting
A. Introduction
Weightlifting is a port in which participants attempt a maximum-weight single lift of a barbell loaded with weight plates. In India, weightlifting is governed by the Indian Weightlifting Federation affiliated to the International Weightlifting Federation. India won its only Olympic weightlifting medal in the 2000 Olympics. Weightlifting can be an awe-inspiring spectator sport, as competitors expend massive psychological and physical effort to lift weights over twice their own body weight.
B. Hierarchy of the sport
Levels
Tournaments
Olympic Games Commonwealt h Games Asian games World Weight lift ing Championships Nat ional Weight lift ing Championships Int er zonal t ournament s
Zonal/ Regional
State
St at e weight lift ing championships
District
Block/Village
C.
Current status
I. Government Support Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report Page 187 of 201
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Hockey is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport.
f f f
RG Khel Ratna Award Dronacharya Award Arjuna Award
02 03 33
II.
Key Partnerships
f
III.
Shivnaresh Sports 166: are associated website partners of the Indian Weightlifting Federation.
Key Tournaments
International
f f
Olympic Games: Weightlifting has been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since the 1920 Summer Olympics. Karnam Malleswari won Indias only Olympic medal in weightlifting at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Commonwealth Games: Weightlifting is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since 1950. It is a core sport and must be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the Games. Asian Games: Weightlifting has been an event at the Asian Games since 1951 in New Delhi. World Weightlifting Championships: The World Weightlifting Championships is an event organized by International Weightlifting Federation (IWF). It has been held since 1891.
f f f
Domestic:
f f
IV.
National Weightlifting Championships: These national level championships are organized for senior and junior level players. State Weightlifting Championships: State weightlifting championships are organized for senior and junior level players.
weightlifting Courses in India (weightlifting taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name NS NIS (Patiala) Course Name 1. MSc in Sports Coaching 2. Diploma in Sports Coaching 3. Certificate course in sports coaching 4. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Selection Criteria Duration 2 years 1 year Six weeks
f f
NA
NA
Other notable Weightlifting Academies in India
166 167
Shivnaresh Sports, Ernst & Young Research http://www.iwlf.net/node/5 All information for Sports Education/ Courses has been taken from the respective institutions website.
Page 188 of 201
Name
Intake Sonepat, Haryana SAI Training Centre National Institution of Sport Army Sports Institution
Details
f f f
V.
f f f
NA NA NA
f f f
NA NA NA
Sport Outreach
Member Associations
The Indian Weightlifting Federation has 34 member association which includes state member associations as well as FCI Sports promotion board, Police Sports Control Board, Railways Sports promotion board and Services Sports Control board.

Indian Weightlifting has not reached the promising heights it had showed at the 2000 Olympics. The government has increased the level of funding to make Indian weightlifters more competitive. This may be indicated with the amount spent and the number of medals won in past 3 years. With an investment of INR 17 Crore during the period of 2008 2011 India has won 6 international medals. Weightlifting spending corresponding to medals won
10.00 8.0 7.0 6.0 Medals won 6 5.00 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.00 0 2008-2009 0 2009-2010 Medals won by Year Spending (` Cr.) Medals Won 2010-2011 0.0 Spending in Cr. 5.0
Indian Weightlifting has received a large amount of funding to boost the chances of winning medals at the Commonwealth Games and for preparation for the London 2012 Olympics. The funding has borne fruit with more podium performances in the year 2010-2011.There needs to be constant funding and tightening of doping regulations in order to further increase the chances of winning medals in the next few years. I. International Performances
Olympic Games 168
168
Page 189 of 201
Olympic Games Medals
4 3
Medals
2 1 0 0 Gold Silver Bronze 0 2000 0 0 1 1
Indias performance at the Olympics stage has been a cause for concern. Since the 2000 Olympics, there has been little progress in the sport. Doping concerns have tarnished the sports reputation. If India needs to do well at the international level, efforts need to be made to strengthen the talent pool and better the existing infrastructure.
Commonwealth Games
14 12 10 Medals 8 6 4 2 0 2 2 4 5 3 1 3 11 9 7 55 3 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 7 7 5 12
2010 2 2 4
2006 3 5 1
2002 11 9 7
1998 3 5 5
1994 3 7 1
1990 12 7 5
1982
1978 1 1 0
1974 0 1 1
1970 0 0 1
1966 0 1 0
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: Indias performance at the Commonwealth Games has dropped since the 2002 games. Certain high profile athletes have been caught in drug scandals since and the credibility of the system has been doubted. India needs to channel their efforts improve the reputation of the sport in the country and create a better pool of athletes through more initiatives at the ground level.
Asian Games 170
169 170
Source: Indian Olympic Association ,Ernst & Young research Indian Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research
Page 190 of 201
4 3 3 Medals 2 2 1 1 0 1951 Gold 2 per. Mov. Avg. (Gold) 0 0 1986 2 2 2
Asian Games (1951-1998)
0 1990 Silver 2 per. Mov. Avg. (Silver)
0 1994 Bronze
0 1998
INFERENCE: Indias performance at the Asian Games has declined since. From the graph one can infer that in the 1990s the country picked up its performance in the sport. India has not won a medal since the 1998 Asian Games.
II.
National Games (Men) Weightlifting National Games (2011) (Men)

4 3 Medals 2 1 0 0 0 3 2 1 1 0 3 2
Jharkhand 3 0 0
Services 2 3 1
Maharashtra 1 2 0
Gold Silver Bronze
Jharkhand won 3 golds at the 2011 National Games, followed by Services with 2 and Maharashtra with 1 gold. The National Games shows that there is a high level of competition in Jharkhand.
Page 191 of 201
Weightlifting National Games (2011) (Women)

3.5 3 2.5 Medals 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 0 1
Jharkhand 3 1 2
Manipur 2 1 1
Karnataka 1 0 1
Gold Silver Bronze
Like the mens events, Jharkhand also won the maximum medals in the womens disciplines. Jharkhand won 3 gold medals followed by Manipur with 2 and Karnataka with 1.
E. Way forward
Weightlifting is a sport for concern. It once showed medal potential at the Olypmics, but due to the nature of the sport, certain scandals and doping charges, the reputation has been hampered. There is almost no coverage on television which has further decreased the interest levels in the sport. The government needs to make efforts to improve the condition of weightlifting in India. Stricter anti doping policies need to be introduced to continue getting the support of the International Weightlifting Federation.
Page 192 of 201
Wrestling
A. Introduction
Greco-Roman wrestling is a style of wrestling that is practiced worldwide. It was contested at the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 and has been included in every edition of the summer Olympics held since 1908. Two wrestlers are scored for their performance in three two-minute periods, The International governing body for wrestling is called the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA). In India, wrestling has always been a traditional sport. Many areas of Punjab and Haryana have local akkhadas where training for kushti takes place.
B.

The selection of the Indian wrestling contingent team is done through the following levels:
Levels
Tournaments
Olympic Games Commonwealt h Games Asian Games Sout h Asian Games
Zonal/ Regional
Senior Nat ional Games Junior Nat ionals Yout h Nat ionals
State
District
Block/Village
Tournament s under t he PYKKA scheme at Panchayat levels
C. Current status
I.
Government Support
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09. The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Hockey is one of twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme. The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport.
f f f f
II.
RG Khel Ratna Award Dronacharya Award Dhyanchand Award Arjuna Award
01 06 05 40
Key Partnerships
Sahara India to Support setting up of Infrastructure for Wrestling171: Sahara India Pariwar, has pledged to support and adopt 30 leading and upcoming Boxers and Wrestlers for the next 4 years. Sahara India Pariwar with the help of the Wrestling Federation of India has identified top 17 Wrestlers who will be provided support beyond the next Olympics to be held in London in 2012. Sahara India Pariwar has also decided to support the Guru Hanuman Akhara of New Delhi. Saharas consistent and long-term assistance in developing standard infrastructure and equipments would surely ensure better results in forthcoming Asian Games, Commonwealth Games and Olympics.
III.
Key Tournaments
International
Olympic Games: Wrestling has been contested at the Summer Olympic Games since Athens in 1896. With the exception of the 1900 Summer Olympics wrestling has been part of every Olympic Games program. Freestyle wrestling and weight classes both made their first appearance in 1904. The women's competition was introduced in 2004 Commonwealth Games: Wrestling is an optional sport for men for the Commonwealth Games program. Wrestling did not feature in Melbourne 2006 but returned to the programme in Delhi 2010 and is included in Glasgow 2014. Asian Games: Wrestling has been part of the Asian Games program since 1954 Manila, Philippines.
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Domestic: National Games: Wrestling has featured in every edition of at the National Games. Haryana has been the dominant force in the sport for both men and women. The national games cater to three categories Senior, Junior and Youth.
171
Sahara Pariwar, Ernst & Young research
Page 194 of 201
IV.
Sport Education/courses 172:
Wrestling Courses (wrestling taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE) Institution Name NS NIS (Patiala and Bangalore) Course Name 1. MSc in Sports Coaching 2. Diploma in Sports Coaching 3. Certificate course in sports coaching Selection Criteria Duration 2 years 1 year Six weeks
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4. Refresher course in Sports Coaching Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education (LNCPE), Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 2. MPEd 1. BPEd
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NA Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical interview
NA 3 years
2 year
f
Other notable Wrestling Academies in India Name
Intake National Institution of Sport Army Sports Institution
Details
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V.
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NA 400
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NA NA
Sport Outreach
Target Rating Point (TRP)
A TRP rating of 120 million173 indicated the large viewership for Wrestling in India. With the success of Indian athletes the interest level in the sport will rise ruther

Indian wrestling is on the rise. The funding to the sport has increased as shown below and this has improved the level of performances. This may be indicated with the amount spent and the number of medals won (in all forms of international tournaments) in past 3 years. An investment of INR 24.41 Crore during the period of 2008 2011 India has won over 20 medals.
172 173
Information for educational institutions has been found from their respective websites TAM, Edelweiss research
Page 195 of 201
Wrestling spending corresponding to medals won

30 25 20 Medals won 15 10 5 0 1 2008-2009 0 2009-2010 Medals won by Year Spending (` Cr.) Medals Won 2010-2011 24 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Spending in Cr.
Indian Wrestlers have made a name for themselves on the International circuit since the Bronze medal victory for Sushil Kumar at Beijing 2008. Wrestlers have proved their potential in the year 2010 with 24 medals, at the Commonwealth Games and the Asian Games. I. International Performances
Olympic Games 174 Olympic Medals

4 3 Medals 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
1952 0 0 1
2008 0 0 1
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: India has not been a successful nation in wrestling at the Olympics. Indias first medal was a bronze in 1952. India has not been able to produce many international level wrestlers since. Sushil Kumar is Indias second Olympic medal winner, after he won the bronze at Beijing, 2008. Sushil Kumar is another Olympic hopeful for London 2012.
174
Source: Ersnt & Young research; Indian Olympic Association
Page 196 of 201
Commonwealth Games(1934 - 2010)

12 10 8 Medals 6 4 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 2 2 5 3 1 3 1 5 3 4 2 0 2 5 3 4 10 11
6 4
1934 0 0 1
1958 1 0 0
1966 3 2 2
1970 5 3 1
1974 3 5 1
1978 3 4 2
1990 0 2 3
2002 10 5 4
2010 11 6 4
Gold Silver Bronze
INFERENCE: India has performed well at the Commonwealth Games. From the graph one can see that India did consistently well from the 1966 to 1976 Commonwealth Games and then again in 2002 and 2010. One of the main reasons for success at Wrestling was the achievement of Sushil Kumar at the Beijing Olympics which has acted as a catalyst for progress in this sport.
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7 6 5
Asian Games 176 Asian Games(1958-2010)

5 4 3 3 3 2 1 1 0 1951 1954 000 1958 Silver 1962 0 1966 Bronze 1970 1 1 1 00 1974 0 1978 1982 1 1 1 2 1 0 1986 0 1990 2 1 1 000 1994 000 1998 00 2002 1 0 2006 1 00 2010 3 5
Medals
4 3 2 1 0 222
Gold
INFERENCE: Historically, India has done well at the Asian Games at Wrestling. The Asian Games have been a platform for Indian wrestlers to perform. Indian wrestlers have not been able to reach the heights of its history since 1994. With the current success at the Commonwealth and Asian Games, one can only see Indian wrestlers performing better in the future. II. Domestic Performances
175 176
Source: Ersnt & Young research; Indian Olympic Association Source: Indian Olympic Association , Ernst & Young research
Page 197 of 201
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Wrestling National Games (2011) (Men)
6 4 2 1 2 1 2 3
Medals
Haryana 9 2 1
Services 2 4 6
Jharkhand 1 2 3
Gold Silver Bronze
At the 2011 National Games, Haryana dominated the mens category with 12 medals. The state won 9 gold medals, 2 silvers and 1 bronze. Services won 2 golds followed by Jharkhand with 1 gold.
National Games (Women) Wrestling National Games (2011) (Women)

5
6 5 4 Medals 3 2 1 0
3 2 1 0 1 1 1 0
Haryana 5 0 2
UP 1 1 3
Punjab 1 1 0
Gold Silver Bronze
At the 2011 National Games, Haryana dominated the mens category with 7 medals. The state won 5 gold medals and 2 bronze. Uttar Pradesh and Punjab received 1 gold each.
E. Way forward
With the success of Sushil Kumar at the Beijing Olympics, there is an increased level of interest in the sport. The success at the Beijing Olympics has carried forward to both the Commonwealth Games and Asian Games in 2010 with India performing successfully. India needs to develop the sport through the region rather than relying on small pockets of talent arising from Haryana. Through initiatives like PYKKA, the sport needs to be broad based in order to unearth talent for the future.
Page 198 of 201
Annexure III: Meeting Details

National sports federations
S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Name of Entity Indian Amateur Boxing Federation Tug Of War Federation of India Table Tennis Federation of India Netball Federation of India Equestrian Federation of India All India Football Federation Amateur Baseball Federation of India
Ministries and departments

S. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Name of Entity National Institution of Sports, Patiala Indian Olympic Association Sports Authority of India LNCPE MHRD MHRD MHRD CBSE National Institution of Open Schooling AICTE NCTE MoYAS Topic To discuss the Educational Institution Questionnaire To discuss the NSF Questionnaire T discuss the questionnaires To discuss the Educational Institution Questionnaire Planning and statistical planning on physical education Physical education as a part of higher education Plans on qualification framework/ NOS for physical education Skill gaps in physical education Vocational education in PE/ sports Technical education in PE/ sports Teacher education in PE/ sports Discussion on skill development in the sports sector
Page 199 of 201
Training institutions
S.No 1 Name of Entity Amity School for Physical Education and Sports 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Motilal Nehru School of Sports, Rai Motilal Nehru School of Sports, Rai Centrum Learning Ltd Christ College IISD Bharati Vidyapeeth University Bradford University Edusports Topic Supply of Sports related skill in the industry - Capacity and number of courses related to sports skill past, current and planned To discuss the Educational Institution Questionnaire To discuss the Educational Institution Questionnaire To discuss skill development agency Questionnaire To discuss the Educational Institution Questionnaire Plans to enter into sports Discussions on BVU's involvement with Sports training and education Discussions on sports currirulum and sports photography in UK Discussions on India Sports Sector
OTHER STAKEHOLDERS
S.No 1 Name of Entity Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry 2 3 SkillsActive, UK Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 DGS National Games Secretariat, Kerala Sportseed Bradford University NISTADS AIU UKIERI Chinese Embassy Wellocity Turf India EOSE Veldeman Structure Solutions Service Skills Australia UKIERI Seek inputs on his experience in sports and get contacts of sports personnel Inputs on State Government plans and research plan Details of initiatives in sports education Initiatives in sports sector in India Quantitative research framework Plans of Indian University on addressing skill gaps in sports UK plans on Indian sports & Sector skill council Skill gap studies and bridging measures Skill employment Skill gaps Inputs on study framework Plans for expansion in Indian sports infrastructure Initiatives in sports sector in Australia Discussion on Skills development UK sports sector skill council Discussions on Skill Gap Study and FICCI report on 'Sports as full time career' Topic Discussions on Skill Gap Study
Page 200 of 201

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Table of contents

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

Sports sector In India

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

Figure 1: Performance in 2008 Olympics

Skill Gap study

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

The skill demand component would comprise of two aspects, namely

1.2 About this document

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

2.1 Approach to identify high impact sports

Parameter Application to Sports (Dat a

High Impact Sports

All sport s on select paramet ers

Sport s wit h maximum impact on demand for skills

People preference, and hence at t ract ing invest ments (TRPs)

In the first stage, an inventory of parameters and sports was developed.

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

2.2 Building inventory of sports

International level infrastructure Investment in sports

Public interest in the sport in terms of gate (stadium) receipts or viewership

Media Target Rating Point (TRP) - CHOSEN PARAMETER

For example Badminton enjoyed viewership of 55 mn in 2010 (TAM, Edelweiss research)

Identification of major domestic competitions conducted in the respective sport

Distribution of awards in various sports at the National level

This attempts to show the demand/ supply for the sport

Sports courses offered by reputed sports institutions

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

2.3 Performance in High Impact Sports

National Sports Development Code of India, 2011 http://sports.ndtv.com/olympics-2012/medals http://sports.ndtv.com/olympics-2012/medals?country=IND http://cwg.ndtv.com/commonwealth/medaltally/cwg/2010/medalstally.html

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

Shoot ing (6)

Cricket Chess Shoot ing (2) At hlet ics (2)

Intl. performance Leading academies SAI Training Centres

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

3 Information base and analysis

Sport s & Educat ion minist ries/ depts

Ret d. professionals, invest ors in sport s, int l. expert s

Dat a Collect ion

Domest ic Privat e init iat ives

Government Policies/ plans

St ruct ured int erviews

Unst ruct ured int eract ions

Focused Group Discussions

(Research t hrough websit es & manuals)

Training inst it ut ions

Nat ional Sport s Federat ions

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

details on the meetings conducted.

3.2 Stakeholder responses

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

The key concerns highlighted during interactions include:

Government Sports Institutions

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

Table 4: High Impact Sports

Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report

Laws and contracts; Procedures and policies relating to sports industry

Persuasive and assertive in order to convince different stakeholders