By Jaime R Sandoval Every M obius map acts on hyperbolic space H 2 as a hyperbolic isometry, and every isometry that preserves

orientation is a M obius map. Proof:

Let H = { x+iy: y>0} in C. Axiom: The metric of upper space model of a 2 +dy 2 hyperbolic plane is represented as dx y , also called the Poincar e half plane 2 1 t1 T , )) 2 dt model. Proof : Consider = [0, t] , t[t0 , t1 ] Arc length = t0 (g( t t1 t1 e arc length # = t01 1 t dt = ln(t)t0 = ln t0 which is the Poincar This gives a two-dimensional perspective of a hyperbolic geometry. The straight lines, or geodesic, in the hyperbolic plane are circular arcs perpendicular to the x-axis. Therefore, a geodesic includes two points on a curved surface. This model is comformal. Let us consider the isometries from H to itself. +b If a, b, c, d R and ad-bc > 0, then the M obius map zw= az cz +d =f(z). Becomes restrict to a bijection from H to H with a uniform inverse, i,e; wz= dwb 1 (w), and we see that the inverse of any M obius map is again a M obius cw+a =f map.
(adbc) +b We are going to take the derivative of w= az cz +d dw= (cz +d)2 dz and substitute |dw| 4|dw| 4|dz | dx +dy +dv this into du v = |4 . This implies 2 w w |2 . Therefore, |ww |2 = |z z |2 = y2 that an isometry from H to H is a M obius map. The M obius maps z- z , and thus the composition is also an isometry from H
cz +a to H. i,e; (ff 1 (w))(z)= c( =z =I(z)= (f1 f) dz b )+d cz +a 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

a(

dz b

)+b

The isometries f:D D of the unit disc model of hyperbolic plane are also M obius transformation, since they preserve orientation, or as shown above with z z if they reverse orientation. There is another M obius transformation that a map D onto itself of the form z w= ei ( 1z ) where aD and . These are a z
|a| ) 2 2 isometries since when substituting w and dw = ei (1 (1a z )2 dz in 4(1 - |w| ) provides 4(1-|z|2 )2 |dz|2 . The group of isometries of H acts transitively on H because if a+ibH b>0 i.e; the transformation zbz+a is an isometry of H which takes i to a+ib. Likewise, the group of isometries of D acts transitively on D, since if a is in D then a the isometry z 1z a z maps a to zero. The subgroup of isometries of D consisting of those isometries which x zero contains all the rotations zei z about zero as well as zz .
2

Now, the isometry from H to D given by wz =

wi w+i

takes geodesics to geodesics

and it is the restriction to H of a M obius transformation C C and it takes circles and lines to circles and lines, and thus preserves angles and maps the cartesian axis to the unit circle in C. Therefore, the geodesics in D are the circles and lines in D that meet the unit circle 90 degree angles. Therefore, we are ready to show that every isometry is a M obius transformation as above. Assume F:DD is an isometry. Let the M obius isometry G take F(0) to 0, we need to show that GF is M obius. Since this is an isometry xing 0, it takes geodesics through 0. It preserves angles; thus acting on those geodesics by a rotation or reection. It preserve distance since it takes a point on a geodesic a distance r from the origin to other point of same distance and each rotation is a M obius isometry. In conclusion, RGF=1 and F = (RG)1 is a M obius isometry. #