OVERLAND FLOW Continuous movement of water from atmosphere, water and land and back to atmosphere & the

circle continues BASEFLOW AQUIFER

Speed of the river (m/s)

Velocity What?

The study of water

SOIL MOISTURE STORAGE TERMS RECHARGE

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION INFILTRATION

HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

WHAT?

Terms

STORM HYDROGRAPH

HYDROLOGY
WATER MOVEMENT IN A DRAINAE BASIN FROM PRECIPITAITON TO RIVER CHANNEL

GROUND WATER

INTERCEPTION STEMFLOW THROUGHFLOW

Discharge

The amount of water in a river at any given point and time measured in cumecs (cubic metres per seond)
D=Area of cross section X Velocity

A graph which shows a river discharge over a given period of time and show the response of a drainage basin and its river after a storm.

THROUGHFALL EVAPORATION PERCOLATION

FACTORS AFFECTING SHAPE OF A STORM HYDROGRAPH -CLIMATE (RAINFALL & TEMPERATURE) -ANTECEDENT MOISTURE -DRAINAGE BASIN (SIZE & SHAPE) -DRAINAGE DENSITY -POROSITY & IMPERMEABILITY OF SOIL AND ROCK - SLOPES -VEGETATION COVER & LANDUSE

RESPONSES: -LAGTIME (SHORT OR LONG) -RISING AND FALLING LIMB (STEEP/GENTLE) -FLASHY OR NON FLASHY GRAPH -MUCH RUN OFF/INFILTRATION RATE -HIGH/LOW PEAK DISCHARGE -LIKELY TO FLOOD

(A) TRANSPORTATION 1. 2. 3. 4. SUSPENSION SOLUTION SALTATION TRACTION

PROCESSES

RIVER PROCESSES & LANDFORMS

(C) EROSION What? Wearing away of river bed and bank by force of water of load carried by river

TYPES

(B)DEPOSITION What? Laying down of material carried by river When occur?

VERTICAL

HORIZONTAL

PROCESSES

TYPES OF LOADS 1. SUSPENSION LOAD 2. SOLUTION LOAD 3. BEDLOAD/ TRACTION LOAD

River does not have energy to erode and transport -gentle slope, low discharge -velocity and capacity is reduced TYPES OF FLOWS

-ABRASION/CORRASION -ATTRITION -HYDRAULIC ACTION -SOLUTION/CORROSION RIVER CHANNELS

-LAMINAR -TURBULENCE -HELICOIDAL What? INTERPRETATION

BRAIDED CHANNEL How formed?

MEANDER CHANNEL What ? How formed?

Terms

HJULSTORM CURVE What?

COMPETENCE
Largest diameter of the largest particle that can be carried. CAPACITY

Features

ENTRANCE Pick up/erode

A graph to show how a river velocity can erode, transport and deposit materials of different Largest amount of debris sizes, silt, clay, sand and that a stream can carry boulders CRITICAL EROSION VELOCITY SETTLING VELOCITY

Formation of oxbow lake

-pool & riffle, floodplain -slip off slope & river cliff, talweg

EROSIONAL LANDFORMS

RIVER LANDFORMS

DEPOSITIONAL LANDFORMS

-WATERFALL -GORGES -RAPIDS -POTHOLES (What? Formation? Diagrams? Examples)

LEVEES, FLOODPLAIN, DELTA (What? Formation? Diagrams? Examples)

LANDUSE/ URBANISATION

HUMAN ACTIVITIES AFFECT DISCHARGE, STORE AND FLOW

AGRICULTURE/ CATTLE RANCHING/ CONTOUR PLOUGHING

DEFORESTATION/ AFFORESTATION

EFFECTS OF DAM

IRRIGATION

WHAT?

FLOOD

PREVENTION & AMELIORATION

CAUSES

CASE STUDIES

FORECAST & WARNING 3