Before welding (Fit-up): 1.

When edges of plates are gas cut, the resulting surfaces shall be uniform and smooth and shall be freed from scale and slag accumulations prior to fit-up and welding. Remove all foreign materials (dust, debris, rust, scales, etc.) that are attached to the area to be welded using wire brushing or grinding. Make sure that the type of abrasives (wire brush, grinding disc, etc.) to be used is of same material to be cleaned. Use CS abrasives for CS materials and SS abrasives for SS materials to avoid contamination. Both sides of the plate are to be flush-grind from the edge extending until at least one-half inch (1/2) to make sure there are no material defects before welding. No welding shall be performed when the surfaces to be welded are wet. (Moisture going inside the factory, It will affect the quality of weld) 6. No welding shall be performed during periods of high winds unless the welder and the work are properly shielded or barricaded. (It affects also the quality of weld and common defect is porosity)

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During welding: 1. Each layer of weld metal or multilayer welding shall be cleaned of slag and other deposits before the next layer is applied. The reverse side of double-welded butt joints shall be thoroughly cleaned in a manner that will leave the exposed surface satisfactory for fusion of the weld metal to be added, prior to the application of the first bead to the second side. During welding, it is very important to control the heat input applied to the weld joint to avoid overheating of the material that will cause distortion, buckling and discolorization for SS material that reduces the chrome content helping for resisting corrosion.

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After welding (Inspection): 1. When welding is completed, flux residue and weld spatter shall be removed mechanically using wire brush and grinding wheel and the welds shall be examined visually. Use proper abrasive consumables to avoid contamination. The edges of all welds shall merge smoothly with the surface of the plate without a sharp angle. All welding shall be free from course ripples, grooves, overlaps, abrupt ridges, and valleys that interfere with interpretation of NDE results. All temporary attachments welded to the exterior and interior of the tank shall be removed and any noticeable projection of weld metal shall be ground smooth with the surface of the plate. In the event of inadvertent tearing of the plate when the attachments are removed, the damaged area shall be repaired by welding and subsequent welding of the surface to a smooth condition. Weld surfaces shall be free of cracks, porosity, undercuts and other defects indicative of poor workmanship. The welder or welding operators identification mark shall be hand- or machine-stamped adjacent to and intervals not exceeding 1 m (3 ft) along the completed welds. In lieu of stamping, a record may be kept that identifies the welder or welding operator employed for each weld; these records shall be accessible to the inspector. It shall be the duty of workers (welders) to make sure that the finished welds are cleaned properly prior to inspection. It shall be the duty of the QC or Inspector to visually examine the finished weld surfaces of the joint.

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