Cisco Datacenter Disaster Recovery

Data Center Disaster Recovery
KwaiSeng
Consulting Systems Engineer
Presentation_ID
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
Agenda
Data CenterThe Evolution Data Center Disaster Recovery
Objectives Failure Scenarios Design Options
Components of Disaster Recovery

Site SelectionFront End GSLB Server High AvailabilityClustering Data Replication and SynchronizationSAN Extension
Data Center Technology Trends Summary

The Evolution of Data Centers
Data Center Evolution

Networked Data Center Phase
Data Center Continuous Data Center Availability Virtualization
Business Agility
Compute Evolution
Client/ Server Mainframes
Internet Computing
Data Center Consolidation Network Optimization
Data Center Networking

Content Networking Thin Client: HTTP TCP/IP 1. Consolidation 2. Integration 3. Virtualization 4. High Availability
Terminal
Network Evolution 2010

4
1960
1980
2000
Todays Data Center

Integration of Many Systems and Services
Storage Network N-Tier Applications Front End Network Application/Server Optimization
Security Web Servers
WAN/ Internet
DR Data Center Scalable Infrastructure
FC Switch
Cache Resilient IP Firewall
NAS
Application and Server Optimization

App Servers IDS
Content Switch
Data Center Security

MAN/ Internet
VSANs
FC Switch DB Servers Mainframe IP Comm. Operations
DC Storage Networks Distributed Data Centers
FC Switch RAID
Metro Network DWDM/SONET/Ethernet
Tape
FC SAN
Secondary Data Center
What Is Distributed Data Center?
App A
App B
App A
App C
Data Replication
FC FC
Primary Data Center

6
Distributed Data Centers

Required by disaster recovery and business continuance Avoid single, concentrated data depositary High availability of applications and data access Load balancing together with performance scalability Better response and optimal content routing: proximity to clients
Front-End IP Access Layer
Content Routing Site Selection

App A App B App A App C
FC
FC
Primary Data Center

8
Application and Database Layer
App A
App B
Content Switching Load Balancing Server Clustering High Availability
App A
App C
FC
FC
Primary Data Center

9
Backend SAN Extension
App A
App B
Storage and Optical Data Replication and Transporting
App A
App C
FC
FC
Primary Data Center

10
Data Center Disaster Recovery
11
Agenda
Introduction to Data CenterThe Evolution Data Center Disaster Recovery

Site SelectionFront End GSLB Server High AvailabilityClustering Data Replication and SynchronizationSan Extension

12
Disaster Recovery
Recovery of data and resumption of serviceEnsuring business can recover and continue after failure or disaster Ability of a business to adapt, change and continue when confronted with various outside impacts Mitigating the impact of a disaster
13
Disaster Recovery What It Means for Business

Business Resilience
Continued Operation of Business During a Failure
Business Continuance
Restoration of Business After a Failure
Disaster Recovery
Protecting Data Through Offsite Data Replication and Backup
Zero Down Time Is the Ultimate Goal

14
Disaster Recovery Planning

Business Impact Analysis (BIA)
Determines the impacts of various disasters to specific business functions and company assets
Risk analysis
Identifies important functions and assets that are critical to companys operations
Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP)

Restores operability of the target systems, applications, or computing facility at the secondary data center after the disaster
15
Disaster Recovery Objectives

Recovery Point Objective (RPO)
The point in time (prior to the outage) in which system and data must be restored to Tolerable lost of data in event of disaster or failure The impact of data loss and the cost associated with the loss
Recovery Time Objective (RTO)

The period of time after an outage in which the systems and data must be restored to the predetermined RPO The maximum tolerable outage time
16
Recovery Point/Time vs. Cost

Critical Data Is Recovered Disaster Strikes Systems Recovered and Operational Time Recovery Point time t0
Days Hours Mins
Recovery Time Time t1

Secs Secs Mins
Time t2
Hours Days Weeks
Tape backup
Periodic Asynchronous Synchronous Extended Replication Replication Replication Cluster
Manual Migration
Tape Restore
$$$ Increasing Cost
$$$ Increasing Cost
Smaller RPO/RTO
Higher $$$, replication, hot standby
Larger RPO/RTO
Lower $$$, tape backup/restore, cold standby
17
Agenda


18
Failure Scenarios
Disaster Could Mean Many Types of Failure
Network failure Device failure Storage failure Site failure
19
Network Failures
ISP failure
Dual ISP connections Multiple ISP
Service Provider A
Internet
Service Provider B
Connection failure within the network

EtherChannel Multiple route paths
20
Device Failures
Routers, switches, FWs
HSRP VRRP
Service Provider A
Internet
Service Provider B
Hosts
HA cluster LB server farm NIC teaming
21
Storage Failures
Disk arrays
RAID
Service Provider A
Internet
Service Provider B
Disk controllers Storage Replication

Site to Site Mirroring Optimization
22
Site Failures
Partial site failure
Application maintenance Application migration Application scheduled DR exercise
Service Provider A
Internet
Service Provider B
Complete site failure

Disaster
23
Agenda


24
Warm Standby
A data center that is equipped with hardware and communications interfaces capable of providing backup operating support Latest backups from the production data center must be delivered Network access needs to be activated Application needs to be manually started
25
Disaster RecoveryActive/Standby
App A
App B
App A
App C
IP/Optical Network
FC
Primary Data Center
Secondary Data Center (Warm Standby)
FC
26
Hot Standby
A data center that is environmentally ready and has sufficient hardware, software to provide data processing service with little down time Hot backup offers disaster recovery, with little or no human intervention Application data is replicated from the primary site A hot backup site provides better RTO/RPO than warm standby but cost more to implement Business continuance
27
Disaster RecoveryActive/Standby
App A
App B
App A
App C
IP/Optical Network
FC FC
Primary Data Center


28
Active/Active DR Design Multiple Tiers of Application

Service Provider A
Internet
Service Provider B
Presentation Tier Application Tier Storage Tier
29
Active/Active Data Centers

Internal Network Service Provider A
Internet
Service Provider B
Internal Network
Active/Active Web Hosting Active/Active Application Processing Active/Standby Database Processing or Active/Active for Different Application
30
31
Agenda

Site SelectionFront End GSLB Server High AvailabilityClustering Data Replication and SynchronizationSAN Extension

32
Site Selection Mechanisms

Site selection mechanisms depend on the technology or mix of technologies adopted for request routing:
1. HTTP redirect 2. DNS-based 3. L3 Routing with Route Health Injection (RHI)
Health of servers and/or applications needs to be taken into account Optionally, other metrics (like load) can be measured and utilized for a better selection
33
HTTP RedirectionTraffic Flow
http://www.cisco.com/ http://www1.cisco.com/
1 /1. .com P TT isco ed om H v / c o M co.c ET w w . G 2 1. t: w 30 2.cis 1 . s P/1 www Ho T n: HT 2. atio c Lo 3. GET/H TTP/1.1 Host: ww w2.cisco .co
Kee ves pali

m
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
http://www2.cisco.com/
34
DNS-Based Site SelectionTraffic Flow

Root Name Server for/ DNS Proxy 2
3 4 5 1 10 8 9 6 7
Authoritative Name Server for .com Authoritative Name Server cisco.com
Client
http://www.cisco.com/ UDP:53 TCP:80
Authoritative Name Server www.cisco.com

Ke epa live s
es aliv p e Ke
Data Center 1
Data Center 2
35
Route Health InjectionImplementation

Client A Router 13 Router 11 Client B
Router 10
Router 12
Low Cost
Very High Cost

Location A Backup Location for VIP x.y.w.z Location B Preferred Location for VIP x.y.w.z
36
Site Selection Summary

Redundancy Mode HTTP Re-Direct DNS Active/Active DNS Cache Yes No Active/Active No Convergence App Health Visibility No Site Persistence Yes
RHI
Active/Standby
Within Secs
Yes
No
37
Agenda


38
Cluster Overview
Load Balancing Cluster : multiple copies of the same application against the same data set, usually read only High Availability Cluster : multiple copies of application that requires access to a common data depository, usually read and write Clustering provides benefits for availability, reliability, scalability, and manageability
Web Servers
Application Servers
Database Servers
39
High Availability Cluster Design

Public Network : Client /Application requests
APP Cluster Software Cluster Enabler OS
Private Network : Interconnection between nodes Storage Disk : Shared storage array, NAS or SAN
40
HA Cluster Application View

Active/standby
Standby takes over when active fails Two-node or multi-node
Active/active
Database requests load balanced all nodes Lock mechanism ensures data integrity
Shared everything
Each node mounts all storage resources Provides a single layout reference system for all nodes
Node1
Node2
Shared nothing
Each node mounts only its semi-private storage Data stored on the peer systems storage is accessed via the peer-peer communication
41
Geo-Clusters Considerations
Geo-Cluster: Cluster That Span Multiple Data Centers
WAN
Local
Datacenter
Remote Datacenter
Node1
Node2
Challenges:
Disk Replication Synchronous or Asynchronous 2 x RTT
Split brain L2 heart-beats Storage
42
HA Cluster Challenges : Split-Brain

Split-brain : Active nodes concurrently accessing the same disk, leads to data corruption
Node1 Node2
Resolution : Use a Quorum, a tie breaker for gaining access to the disk
Data Corruption
43
Layer 2 Heartbeats
Extended L2 Network : L2 adjacency required for nodes heartbeat. Extending VLAN across site is hazardous
Node1
Local Datacenter
WAN
Remote Datacenter
Public Layer 2 Network Private Layer 2 Network

Node2
Resolution : L3 Capability for Cluster Heartbeat. EoMPLS to carry L2 hearbits across DR sites.
Disk Replication Synchronous or Asynchronous
44
Storage Disk Zoning

Storage Zoning : Taking over of storage disk array when active node fails. Resolution : Cluster software to communicate with the Cluster Enabler. Instructs the Disk Array to perform an failover when failure is detected.
Node1 Active Node2 Standby
Extended SAN
sym1320 RW RW
sym1291 WD WD
45
Agenda


46
Storage for Applications

Presentation tier
Unrelated small data files commonly stored on internal disks Manual distribution
Application processing tier

Transitional, unrelated data Small files residing on file systems May use RAID to spread data over multiple disks
Storage tier
Large, permanent data files or raw data Large batch updates, most likely real time Log and data on separate volumes
47
Replication: Modes of Operation

Synchronous
All data written to local and remote arrays before I/O is complete and acknowledged to host
Speed of Light = 3 x 108m/s (Vacuum) 3.3s/km Speed through Fiber c 5s/km 2 RTT per write I/O = 20s/km
Asynchronous
Write acknowledged and I/O is complete after write to local array; changes (writes) are replicated to remote array asynchronously
48
Synchronous vs. Asynchronous TradeOff

Enterprises Must Evaluate the Trade-Offs
Synchronous
Impact to Application Performance Distance Limited (Are Both Sites Within the Same Threat Radius) No Data Loss
Asynchronous
No Application Performance Impact Unlimited Distance (Second Site Outside Threat Radius) Exposure to Possible Data Loss
Maximum tolerable distance ascertained by assessing each application Cost of data loss
49
Data Replication with DB Example

DB name Creation date Backup performed Redo log time period Datafile state Control Files
Control files identify other files making up the database and records content and state of the db Datafile is only updated periodically Redo logs record db changes resulting from transactions
Used to play back changes that may not have been written to datafile when failure occurred Typically archived as they fill to local and DR site destinations
Identify
Datafiles
Record Changes To
Table spaces Indexes Data dictionary

Redo Log Files Database changes
50
Data Replication with DB Example (Cont.)

Time
...
...
...
t0
Archived Redo Logs
Online Redo Logs
t1
Failure or Disaster Occurs at Time t1

Media failure (e.g., disk) Human error (datafile deletion) Database corruption
Hot Backup of Datafiles and Control Files Taken at Time t0
Database restored to state at time of failure (time t1) by:

1. Restoring control files and datafiles from last hot backup (time t0) 2. Sequentially replaying changes from subsequent redo logs (archived and online)changes made between time t0 and t1
51
Data Replication with DB Example (Cont.)

Primary Site
Redo Logs (Cyclic)
Copy of Every Committed Transaction
Redo Logs (Cyclic) Synchronously Replicated for Zero Loss
Secondary Site
Earlier DB Backups
Database
Database Copy at Time t0 Point in Time Copy Taken When DB Quiescent
SAN Extension Transport

Replicated/Copied
Database Copy at Time t0
Archive Logs
Replicated/Copied
Archive Logs
Mixture of Sync and Async Replication Technologies Commonly Used

Usually only redo logs sync replicated to remote site Archive logs created from redo log and copied when redo log switches Point in Time (PiT) copies of datafiles and control files copied periodically (e.g., nightly)
52
Data Center Interconnection Options

Internet Stateful Firewalls Content Caching Server Load Balancing Intrusion Detection Front-End Application Servers Stateful Firewalls Content Caching Server Load Balancing Intrusion Detection Front-End Application Servers High Density Multilayer LAN Switch Internet
High Density Multilayer LAN Switch
SONET/SDH
DWDM/ CWDM
Back-End Application Servers High Density Multilayer SAN Director Enterprise-Class Storage Arrays
Back-End Application Servers High Density Multilayer SAN Director
IP/Metro E
Enterprise-Class Storage Arrays
53
Data Center Transport Options

Increasing Distance Data Center Campus Metro Dark Fiber Sync Optical Regional National
Limited by Optics (Power Budget) Limited by Optics (Power Budget) Limited by BB_Credits
CWDM Sync (2Gbps)
DWDM Sync (2Gbps Lambda)
SONET/SDH Sync (1Gbps+ Subrate) Async IP MDS9000 FCIP Sync (Metro Eth) Async (1Gbps+)
54
DATA CENTER ARCHITECTURE TRENDS
2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
55 55
Cisco Data Center Vision

Server Data Storage Fabric Network Network Network Enterprise Applications
AUTOMATION
Dynamic provisioning and autonomic Information Lifecyle Management (ILM) to enable business agility Business Policies On-Demand Service Oriented
LAN WAN MAN
SAN
HPC Cluster GRID
VIRTUALIZATION
Management of resources independent of underlying physical infrastructure to increase utilization, efficiency and flexibility
Intelligent Information Network
Compute Network
CONSOLIDATION
Centralization and standardization to lower costs, improve efficiency and uptime
Storage
Compute Network Storage
56
Summary
57
What we have talk so far?

DR and its Business Objectives
Define budget, Technical solution Management Buy In DR is a process
Components of a Data Center

Multi Tier Architecture Front-end, Application, Backend Database
Techniques in Data Center Disaster Recovery

HTML Re-Direction/GSS/RHI Clustering SAN extension
Trends in Data Center Technology

58
Todays Data Centers

Require an Architectural Approach to
Protect with Business Resilience
Tighten security Improve business continuance
Optimize with Consolidation

Improve operational efficiency and resource utilization Lower complexity and cost of ownership
Grow towards Services-oriented Infrastructure

Align virtualized resources with business demands Automate infrastructure to respond dynamically
59
The Big PictureThe Cisco Data Center

The Emerging Data Center Architecture
MAINFRAME CONNECTIVITY ENTERPRISE TAPE STORAGE ENTERPRISE DISK STORAGE ENTERPRISE SAN SWITCHING
MDS 9000 Family

Embedded Intelligent Network Services
Server Balancing VPN Termination SSL Termination Firewall Services Intrusion Detection
Virtual Fabrics (VSANs) Storage Virtualization Data Replication Svcs Fabric Routing Svcs
Embedded Intelligent Storage Services
Multiprotocol Gateway Services
Embedded Intelligent Virtualization Services V

Server Virtualization
VFrame
Virtual I/O
Catalyst 6500 Family
TOPSPIN FAMILY
Grid/Utility Computing Low Latency RDMA Services Clustering
Server Farm Switching

NAS WIN UNIX
ENTERPRISE GRID
Blade Servers Virtual Private Server Fabric #1 Virtual Private Virtual Private Blade Server Server Fabric #3 Fabric #2
SERVER FABRIC SWITCHING
Enterprise NAS Storage
UNIX/Windows Servers
60
Whats Next?
A Security Strategy to Protect the Data Center
Understands the vulnerabilities, and apply the relevant mitigations
Leverage on Ciscos Technology to

Optimize the Server Resources Reducing TCO for DRs Virtualization to maximize resource invested Grow DC infrastructure, enabling Business Agility Automating computing resources provisioning Speed of deploying new services
61
Q and A
62
63

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Data Center Disaster Recovery

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Components of Disaster Recovery

Data Center Technology Trends Summary

The Evolution of Data Centers

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Data Center Evolution

Data Center Consolidation Network Optimization

Data Center Networking

Network Evolution 2010

Todays Data Center

Cache Resilient IP Firewall

Application and Server Optimization

Data Center Security

DC Storage Networks Distributed Data Centers

Secondary Data Center

What Is Distributed Data Center?

Primary Data Center

Secondary Data Center

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Distributed Data Centers

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Front-End IP Access Layer

Content Routing Site Selection

Primary Data Center

Secondary Data Center

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Application and Database Layer

Content Switching Load Balancing Server Clustering High Availability

Primary Data Center

Secondary Data Center

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Backend SAN Extension

Storage and Optical Data Replication and Transporting

Primary Data Center

Secondary Data Center

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Data Center Disaster Recovery

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Components of Disaster Recovery

Data Center Technology Trends Summary

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disaster Recovery What It Means for Business

Zero Down Time Is the Ultimate Goal

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disaster Recovery Planning

Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP)

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disaster Recovery Objectives

Recovery Time Objective (RTO)

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Recovery Point/Time vs. Cost

Recovery Time Time t1

Periodic Asynchronous Synchronous Extended Replication Replication Replication Cluster

$$$ Increasing Cost

$$$ Increasing Cost

Components of Disaster Recovery

Data Center Technology Trends Summary

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Connection failure within the network

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disk controllers Storage Replication