Measuring Mixers

for Laboratory and Simulation

Fusion Behavior Heat and Shear Stability Crosslinking Reaction Black Incorporation Time Flow and Cure Behavior Plasticizer Absorption Liquid Absorption ... and many others

Simulate Production Realistically on a Laboratory Scale

Use BRABENDER measuring mixers for testing the processibility of thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, ceramic molding materials, fillers, pigments, and other plastic and plastifiable materials s under practice-oriented conditions s cost-effectively s with little expenditure of time and material s reliably s precisely s reproducibly In combination with a BRABENDER Plastograph, Plasti-Corder or LabStation, all production processes relevant for production and processing of plastic and plastifiable materials, e.g. compounding, mixing, mastication, etc., are simulated realistically on a laboratory scale and documented by measurements. Or use BRABENDER measuring mixers for quick and easy production of samples for further tests e.g. for tensile strength, pigment dispersion, etc. The measuring mixers consist of a mixer backstand with gear unit and a detachable mixer bowl. They are connected to a suitable drive unit (e.g. Plastograph, Plasti-Corder, Lab-Station) through a shear pin coupling protecting both mixer and drive unit from damage due to overload. All measuring mixers can easily be interchanged at the drive unit.

The blades are made of special steel. Counter-rotation towards each other at different speeds provides for excellent compounding and mixing characteristics. Heating/cooling is done either through a liquid circulation thermostat for materials that require very precise and constant temperature control or electrically with air cooling in 3 individual zones where the temperature is measured through separate control

thermocouples and displayed and controlled by self-optimizing electronic temperature controllers. All series 30 and 50 EHT mixers are suited for operating temperatures of up to 500C. Manifold different mixer designs and blade geometries as well as a wide range of additional equipment permit to test nearly all plastic and plastifiable materials.

The Principle

The measuring principle is based on making visible the resistance the sample material opposes to the rotating blades. The corresponding torque moves a dynamometer out of its zero position. In compliance with the existing standards and test specifications, a typical Plastogram (torque and stock temperature vs. time) is recorded for each sample material. This diagram shows the relationship between torque (viscosity) and temperature/time in consideration of structural changes of the material. The measured data are displayed numerically as a table and/or graphically as a diagram during the measurement on the monitor and can be printed and stored.

TORQUE/VISCOSITY

TORQUE/VISCOSITY

STOCK TEMPERATURE MIXER SET TEMPERATURE TIME

FUSION TIME
2

STABILITY TIME

/3

1 /3 LENGTH OF BARREL

Comparison of a Plastogram to the processing behavior of the material in an extruder

SOLID ZONE TRANSITION ZONE MELT ZONE

The Software

The user-optimized Windows 95/98 or NT software provides for evaluation of the measured data in compliance with the latest standards. On-line diagrams give a quick survey of the measured data and evaluation results already during the measurement. Use the advantages of the Windows environment and save time with real multitasking run a measurement, display stored data, and write texts, all at a time. Among others, the following tests can be run with BRABENDER measuring mixers:

s fusion behavior of PVC s heat and shear stability of polymers s flow and cure behavior of crosslinking polymers acc. to DIN 53 764 s automatic evaluation of the black incorporation time (BIT) with selectable zero point s flow and cure behavior of elastomers s plasticizer absorption of PVC dry blends s liquid absorption of powders s semi-automatic universal evaluation s mixer tests with temperature and speed programming s degree of property breakdown

The versatile data correlation program makes it easy to directly compare the results of different tests of one or several test series. Mean values and standard deviations are calculated automatically and shown digitally and graphically. Define any measured curves as reference curves and easily check whether your sample material meets certain demands or not. The special correlation program with parameter variation shows the influence of individual parameters like temperature, mixer speed, additives, etc. on the behavior of your sample material.

The Mixers

Mixer W 50

Heat and Shear Stability

Nm

tD

The W 50 with its roller blades is the allrounder among the mixers. It is used for all thermoplastics. The special shape of the rotors, developed by BRABENDER more than 50 years ago, as well as the tight clearance between rotors and mixing chamber guarantee an intensive, high shear mixing. The rotor speed ratio of 2 : 3 (driven to non driven) results in a high torque resolution which allows a better differentiation, especially when testing low viscosity polymers.

D min

A: B: X: D: t : tD :

Loading Peak Minimum Maximum Decomposition A - X = Fusion Time A - D = Decomposition Time

Mixer
BRABENDER Plastogram
PLASTI-CORDER and Mixer Measuring Head Fusion Behaviour
Testbedingungen Order Operator Date Drive Unit Mixer Loading Chute Sample Additive : : : : : : : : BRABENDER Eickmeier 08.11.99 PL2200 W 50 manual + 5 kg PVC Speed Mixer Temp. Start Temp Meas. Range Damping Test Time Sample weight Code Number : : : : : : : : 30 180 176 50 2 5 60,0 1 1/min C C Nm min g

W 50 W 50 EHT

W 30 W 30 EHT

N 50 N 50 EHT

MB 30

B 50 B 50

Application

thermoplastics

thermoplastics

caoutchouc

thermosets

caou

50
t

210 200 190 180 Temp. (Stock) [C] 170 160 150 140 130 120
A B G X

45 40 35 Torque [Nm] 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 00:00:00

Torque

Volume of mixer bowl approx. [cm3]

55

30

80

25

70

00:01:00

00:02:00 00:03:00 Time [h:m:s]

Temp. (Stock)

00:04:00

110 00:05:00

Sample weight* [g]

40 - 70

25 - 40

40 - 80

20 - 40

40 -

Name Loading Peak Minimum Inflection Point Maximum End A B G X E

Time [h:m:s] 00:00:08 00:00:58 00:01:50 00:02:22 00:05:00

Torque [Nm] 47,0 15,4 25,1 34,8 28,8 A-B B-X X-E A-X A-E B-X

Stock Temp. [C] 129 172 182 189 198 6,1 12,3 30,6 18,4 48,9 0,8 4,2 [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm/g] [kNm]

Integration / Energy Loading Peak to Minimum Minimum to Maximum Maximum to End Loading Peak to Maximum Loading Peak to End (W) Spezific Energy (W/Sample Weight) Gelation Area above B Results Fusion Time t Gelation Speed v

Heating/cooling

liquid el. heating/air

liquid el. heating/air

liquid el. heating/air

liquid

liquid el. he

A-X

00:02:14 31,8

[h:m:s] [Nm/min]

Torque max. [Nm] Fusion Behavior

Nm t

200

200

200

200

200

Speed ratio driven : idle blade

2:3

2:3

2:3

3:2

1 : 1.

20%

Operating temperature max. [C]

E min

200 500

200 500

200 500

200

200 500

A: Loading Peak B: Minimum G: Inflection Point X: Maximum E: End t: A - X = Fusion Time v: G 20% = Gelation Speed

Dimensions (W*H*D) [mm]

700*200*450 500*200*450

700*200*430 500*200*430

700*200*450 500*200*450

700*200*430

700* 500*

Net weight approx. [kg]

18 17

13 17

18 17

13

18 17

*depending on the specific weight and bulk density of the

Mixer MB 30
The mixer has delta-shaped rotors and is used for thermosetting materials. It was developed and designed by BRABENDER together with a group of renowned producers and complies with the German standard DIN 53 764. It is made of a special, hardened steel to prevent abrasion. For an accurate temperature control, the MB 30 mixer is heated with liquid.

BRABENDER Plastogram
PLASTI-CORDER and Mixer Measuring Head FC Behaviour of Crossl.Polymers (DIN 53764)
Test_Conditions Order Operator Date Drive Unit Mixer Loading Chute Sample Additive : BRABENDER : Eickmeier : 09.11.99 : PL2200 : MB 30 : manual. + 5 kg : Thermosetting : Speed Mixer Temp. Start Temp Meas. range Damping Test Time Sample Weight Code Number : : : : : : : : 45 140 140 50 1 5 24,0 1 1/min C C Nm min g

0 0 EHT

S 300 C

P 600

W/N/B/S 350 W/N/B/S 350 E

W/N/B/S 350 S

W 1000 S
Torque [Nm]

50 45
tM tC tR

170 160 150 140 Temp. (Stock) [C] 130 120 110 100
tV

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 00:00:00
Torque

tchouc

powders

powders

various

various

various

90 80

V1

V2

00:00:30

00:01:00 00:01:30 Time [h:m:s]

Temp. (Stock)

00:02:00

70 00:02:30

600

2500

370 - 440

370 - 440

1000 - 1200

Name Loading Peak Minimum Maximum Start Resid. Time Stop Resid Time Stop Reaction A B X V1 V2 R

Time [h:m:s] 00:00:06 00:00:44 00:02:12 00:00:19 00:01:20 00:01:47

Torque [Nm] 41,7 4,8 39,0 7,8 7,8 14,8 A-B B-R tV A-R

Stock Temp. [C] 114 134 160 127 140 148 1,7 2,5 1,7 4,2 0,2 00:02:06 00:01:01 00:00:38 00:01:03 00:01:41 [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm/g] [h:m:s] [h:m:s] [h:m:s] [h:m:s] [h:m:s]

Integration / Energy Loading Peak to Minimum Minimum to Reaction Residence Time Loading Peak to Reaction (W) Spezific Energy (W/Sample Weight)

70

200 - 600 acc. to ASTM

variable acc. to DIN/ISO

250 - 500

250 - 500

650 - 1350

Results Residence Time tV f(MB+3,0 Nm) Melting Time tM Curing Time tC Reactions Time tR f(MB+10,0Nm)

A-X V1- V2 A-B B-R A-R

d eating/air

liquid

liquid

liquid el. heating/air

liquid

liquid Flow-Curing Behavior of Crosslinking Polymers acc. to DIN 53 764

50

400 150 (S)

400 150 (S)

1200
Nm

tM

tC tR
20%

.11

2:3

3:2 1 : 1.11 (B)

3:2 1 : 1.11 (B)

3:2

tV A V1 B V2 R X min

300

150

250 300

250

250 A: B: X: V1: V2: R: tV: tM: tC: tR: Loading Peak Minimum Maximum Start Residence Time Stop Residence Time Stop Reaction Residence Time at B + 3.0 Nm Melting Time Curing Time Reaction Time at B + 10.0 Nm

*200*450 *200*450

230*195*350

300*420*550

550*260*400 650*260*400

450*410*200

620*2000*780

18

11

44 46

90

570

BRABENDER Plastogram
PLASTI-CORDER und Mixer Measuring Head Flow-Curing Behaviour of Elastomers
Testbedingungen Order Operator Date Drive Unit Mixer Loading Chute Sample Additive : : : : : : : : BRABENDER Eickmeier 10.11.99 PL2200 N 50 ram + 5 kg Elastomer Speed Mixer Temp. Start Temp Meas. Range Damping Test Time Sample weight Code Number : : : : : : : : 60 140 136 25 3 5 94,0 1 1/min C C Nm min g

30 27 24
tR

170 160 150 140 Temp. (Stock)[C]

tV

Torque [Nm]

Mixer N 50
The BRABENDER N 50 mixer with its cam blades is the standard mixer for testing natural and synthetic elastomers with regard to flow and cure behavior, mastication, compounding with additives such as carbon black, silicic acid, etc., breakdown index, and black incorporation time BIT. Furthermore, the flow

21 18 15 12 9

130 120 110 100 90 80

behavior of electrode masses and ceramic molding materials can be determined as a function of temperature and shear, and absorption tests can be run on materials like iron oxide powder, carbon black, pigments, and similar materials with particle sizes in the m range.

6 3 0 00:00:00
Torque

00:01:00

00:02:00 00:03:00 Time [h:m:s]

Temp. (Stock)

00:04:00

70 00:05:00

Name Loading Peak Minimum Maximum Residence Reaction A B X V R

Time [h:m:s] 00:00:12 00:02:06 00:03:28 00:02:28 00:02:58

Torque [Nm] 29,5 17,3 23,5 17,9 22,3 A-B B-R tV tR

Stock Temp. [C] 96 139 150 143 146 13,7 6,2 7,1 19,9 0,2 [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm/g]

Integration / Energy Loading peak to Minimum Minimum to Reaction Residence Time Reaction Time Spezific Energy (W/Sample Weight) Results Residence Time tV Mastication tM Scorch Time tC Reaction Time tR

A-B B-R A-R

00:01:04 00:01:54 00:00:52 00:02:46

[h:m:s] [h:m:s] [h:m:s] [h:m:s]

Flow-Curing Behavior of Elastomers

Nm

tM tR tV A B

tC

X min

A: B: X: V: R: tV: tM: tC: tR :

Loading Peak Minimum Maximum Residence Reaction Residence Time A - B = Mastication Time B - R = Scorch Time A - R = Reaction Time

Planetary Mixer P 600

The BRABENDER planetary mixer P 600 is used for testing the properties of powders like e.g. the liquid absorption and the plasticizer absorption rate of PVC powders in compliance with international standards or the pourability of PVC dry blends, further for preparing PVC pastes for tests in compliance with DIN 54 800 and for testing PVC pastes in compliance with ISO 4612. A special rotor runs in a planetary motion in the mixer bowl. A revolving scraper prevents the sample material from sticking to the mixer wall. PVC Dry Blend Plasticizer Absorption
BRABENDER Plastogram
PLASTI-CORDER and Mixer Measuring Head PVC Dry Blend Plasticizer Absorption
Testbedingungen Order Operator Date Drive Unit Mixer Loading Chute Sample Plasticizer : : : : : : : : BRABENDER Eickmeier 10.11.99 PL2200 P 600 PVC DOP Speed Mixer Temp. Start Temp Meas. range Damping Test Time Sample Weight Plast. Weight : : : : : : : : 100 88 85 2 3 20 400,0 200,0 1/min C C Nm min g g

Nm

2,0 1,8 1,6 1,4 Torque [Nm] 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 00:00:00
Torque

110 100 90 80 Temp. (Stock[C] 70 60 50

t

40 30 20

BX

E min

BX

00:04:00

00:08:00 00:12:00 Time [h:m:s]

Temp. (Stock)

00:16:00

10 00:20:00

Name Plasticizer Input Maximum Dry point End B X T E

Time [h:m:s] 00:05:00 00:05:30 00:08:48 00:20:00

Torque [Nm] 0,19 1,11 0,57 0,83

Stock Temp. [C] 86 83 87 88

Integration / Energy Start to Plasticizer Input to Dry Point to Plasticizer Input to Spezific Energy (W/Total Weight) Results Absorption Time t

Plasticizer Input Dry Point End End (W)

0-B B-T T-E B-E

646,1 2326,8 5767,1 8094,0 13,5

[kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm/g]

B: X: T: E:

Plasticizer Input Maximum Dry Point End

B-T

00:03:48

[h:m:s]

t : B - T = Absorption Time

Special Mixer 350 S

The special mixer type 350 S was developed above all for the rubber and caoutchouc industry. The middle section of the mixer bowl is divided horizontally in the middle to permit quick and easy opening of the mixer e.g. for taking material for subsequent or comparative tests. The mixer is perfectly suited for the determination of the black incorporation time BIT, for measuring the breakdown index, or for compounding and mixing various components while measuring the material behavior at the same time. The large volume permits to process enough quantities of material.

Measuring mixers W 50 / W 50 EHT ASTM D 2538 Measuring mixer W 30 ASTM D 3795 Measuring mixer N 50 ASTM D 3185 ASTM D 3186 ASTM D 3187 ASTM D 3188 ASTM D 3189 ASTM D 3190 ASTM D 3191 ASTM D 3192 ASTM D 3403 ASTM D 3484 ASTM D 3848 ASTM D 3568 Measuring mixer MB 30 DIN 53 764 Planetary mixer P 600 DIN 54 800 DIN 54 802 DIN EN/ISO 4612 Preparation of PVC pastes Determination of the plasticizer absorption of vinyl chloride (VC) polymer compounds Preparation of a paste from PVC paste resins Flow and cure behavior of thermosets General evaluation method for SBR + Oil General evaluation method for SBR + Carbon Black General evaluation method for NBR General evaluation method for IIR General evaluation method for Solution BR General evaluation method for CR General evaluation method for Carbon Black in SBR General evaluation method for Carbon Black in NR General evaluation method for IR General evaluation method for Oil extended Solution BR General evaluation method for NBR + Carbon Black General evaluation method for EPDM + Oil Thermal flow and cure properties of thermosetting plastics Fusion test of PVC resins

Standard Methods with BRABENDER Measuring Mixers

Measuring mixer S 300 (sigma blades) ASTM D 2396 Powder-mix test of PVC resins

Convincing Processing Advantages

BRABENDER measuring mixers stand out for many favorable processing features: s easy handling and cleaning through bipartite (with liquid heating/ cooling) or tripartite (with electric heating) mixer bowl s precise and constant heating/cooling of the mixers with electric heating through three separate, independent heating zones s operating temperatures of up to 500C with electric heating s easy cleaning and manifold applications through quickly detachable and partially interchangeable mixer blades s large program of additional equipment like e.g. loading chutes, blade extractors, sealing covers for tests under inert gas or for gas flow measurements, automatic precision dosing pumps for adding liquids, etc.

The BRABENDER Support

A modern applicational laboratory is at the disposal of all customers and interested parties for trials with their own materials. All measuring systems of BRABENDER OHG can be tested under severe conditions. An experienced expert team will assist the tests and will stay at your disposal at any time for further questions. Together, we will find the optimum solutions for your special problems and prove their suitability.

Subject to changes of design and technical modifications without notice

BRABENDER agencies all over the world. 2000 BRABENDER OHG DUISBURG All trademarks are registered.

BRABENDER OHG DUISBURG Kulturstr. 51-55 47055 Duisburg Germany Phone -49-203-7788-0 Fax -49-203-7788-100 E-Mail: plastics-sales@brabender.com Internet: http://www.brabender.com

052000 - 3000 25061 E