Miles Histand

ECE322 Journal #5 8.8, 8.9, 8.10, 8.11

TM Modes in Rectangular Waveguides

The modes of a transverse electric and magnetic wave are developed by nding the boundary conditions of the phasors of e and h. These modes have their unique eld distributions inside a waveguide, which can be mathematically interpreted by studying the cross sectional waveguide pattern and the equations for the propagation constant along with each specic mn mode equations. Where the propagation constant equals zero is the cutoff frequency, A wave can propagate through a waveguide if its frequency is above this number. There are dominant modes for TE waves and for TM waves as well, which are the ones with the lowest cutoff frequencies.

TE Modes in Rectangular Waveguides Propagation Velocities

In this case, the TE mode that is dominant is the TE10 mode. This occurs when the a dimension of the waveguide is larger than b.

Gaussian pulses can be used with higher frequency carrier waves to encode and transmit a message via a wave. By Fourier analysis, one can harness a few frequency components, rather than an innite amount, to transmit the encoded signal. These groups of waves sum together and have a group velocity. The phase velocity and group velocity may not be equal, depending on whether the transmission line is dispersive. If it is, distortion of the signal may exist, thus corrupting the message being transmitted. The Omega-Beta graph can show for what frequencies a wave with a specic mode can successfully propagate through a waveguide.

The behavior of the E and M waves inside a waveguide act in a zig-zag fashion, and these angles which constitute this behavior can be calculated by breaking down the zpropagation into z' and z'' values, each relating to each other by their mathematical derivations from the electric or magnetic mode wave equations.

Cavity Resonators

By the nature of the structure, and by terminating the sides with conducting walls, the cavity inside the guide can be used to produce resonation which have many applications such as bandpass lters. There is the specic center frequency, f0, which determines the resonant frequency of the waveguide. An input signal may be transmitted through the waveguide and become ltered by harnessing the geometry of the cavity. The use of past equations for dening transverse waves with respect to xand y- components, and equations for the cavitiy modes can be utilized.

Resonant Frequency

The resonant frequency, fmnp is composed of the m, n, and p elements of the equations derived for the cavity modes. For the TE waves, the indices start at 001, while the TM wave starts at 110. We can nd the exact resonant frequency by using the fmnp equation if we know the dimensions of the cavity and up0.

Quality Factor

The quality factor is the ratio of energy stored in a cavity space to the energy lost through the cavity walls by conduction. The Q factor can be many times higher than RLC cascading circuits.