Sani Oktoriani M 220110110030

Malnutrition
Malnutrition is a state of inadequate protein intake and calories needed by the body. Malnutrition will occur when the body's need for calories or protein diets are not fulfilled. In Indonesia many children with malnutrition, In a survey report published earlier this year by Church World Service (CWS) found that in four West Timor districts surveyed about 50 percent of infants and young children are moderately and/or severely underweight. UNICEF found in West Timur that : (1) 13,1% overall of under-five aged children are suffering acute malnutrition, as evidenced in wasting, indicating a critical emergency food insecurity situation (2) 61,1% overall of children from birth to age 59 months are suffering chronic malnutrition (3) 58,4% of children three to 59 months are suffering iron deficiency anemia, with the rate rising to more than 80 percent among those aged three to 23 months. As we know that the cause of malnutrition is lack of protein and calories in the body, but the type of malnutrition is different. The types of malnutrition are marasmus, kwashiorkor, and marasmus kwashiorkor. Signs and symptoms of marasmus is a thin old man face, Baggy pants loose skin around the buttocks, no nutritional oedema, prominent ribs, and the children are usually active and may appear to be alert in their condition. But the signs and symptoms of kwashiokor a bit different with marasmus, the symptoms is nutritional oedema, loss of appetite, hair changes, skin lesions and de-pigmentation, children are usually apathetic, miserable and irritable, moon Face. The sign and symptoms of marasmus kwashiorkor combines symptoms of marasmus and kwashiorkor. Actually malnutrition is a fatal disease if doesnt treated seriously, it was evidenced by the high number of deaths due to malnutrition in Indonesia. Some complications are considerably more common in malnourished patients and those with inadequate nutrient intake than in well-nourished individuals. These complications include : diarrhea, infectious, anemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, growth disorders, dysentery, tuberculosis disease, chronic marginal, malnutrition chronic, malabsorption, disorders nervous system structure, and the worst is death. Prevention and treatment are very important for this disease, but in some article and journal prevention is more important than treatment. Eating good, wellbalanced diet helps to prevent most forms of malnutrition, when we eat,our body will be

fulfilled by the nutrients, then malnutrition will not happen unless there is interference with the metabolism in our body. Some articles mention several programs that can help prevent malnutrition, the programs include : Maternal and Child Health Projects, Projects for School Children, Control of Iodine Deficiency Projects, and Nutrition Program in Health Promotion School. Some of the programs we can apply in Indonesia to reduce malnutrition. Especially treatment for children is parental knowledge about the importance of nutrition, when the parent know nutrition is important then they will give you a good meal for they child anyway. As a nurse health education for parents and children need to be done to reduce the incidence of malnutrition.