Great Bay Community College Biology 108 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION TABLE Organelle or Structure I.

Plasma Membrane Macromolecular Composition

Fluid Mosaic phospholipid bilayer with proteins (integral protein and peripheral protein) and carbohydrate side chain

Function
barrier that separates the organelles and cytoplasm of the cell from the extracellular region, while also facilitating the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste directs protein synthesis by synthesizing mRNA (messenger) according to information provided by the DNA barrier that separates the components of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and other organelles of the cell the nuclear pores that punctuate the envelope facilitate the passage of proteins and RNA contains genetic information in the form of DNA

II. Nucleus Nuclear Envelope

phospholipid bilayer with nuclear pores that are comprised of proteins proteins and nucleic acid (DNA)

Chromatin Nucleolus

Nuclear Pores III. Ribosomes IV. Endomembrane System

protein complex

site where rRNA (ribosomal) is synthesized from instructions in the DNA and where proteins imported from the cytoplasm are assembled with rRNA to form large and small ribosomal subunits (later simply ribosomes) facilitates the passage of proteins and nucleic acids in and out of the nucleus protein synthesis (free ribosomes are suspended in the cytosol, bound ribosomes are attached to the outside of the rough ER or nuclear envelope) synthesis of proteins and their transport into membranes and organelles or out of the cell, metabolism and movement of lipids, and detoxification of poison

consist of a large subunit and a small subunit comprised of proteins and nucleic acid (ribosomal RNA)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Transport Vesicles and Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Peroxisomes V. Vacuole System VI. Cellular Energetics Mitochondria Chloroplasts (plants only) VII. Cellular Cytoskeleton Microtubules

synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification bound ribosomes produce proteins, while specialized molecules within the Rough ER convert proteins into glycoproteins by covalently bonding carbohydrates to a protein site where products of the ER are modified, stored, or sent to other destinations (travel from the cis receiving face to the trans shipping face) digestion (either through phagocytosis or autophagy) the production of hydrogen peroxide

cellular respiration (through production of ATP)

photosynthetic production of sugar

Microfilaments Intermediate filaments VIII. Extracellular Structure Cell Walls (plants only) Extracellular Matrix (animals only)