Components of Matter 1. Mixtures, Compounds and Elements 2. Law of Conservation of Mass 3. Law of Conservation of Energy 4.

Law of Definite Composition 5. Law of Multiple Proportions 6. Daltons Atomic Theory 7. Structure of Atoms and Fundamental Particles 8. Atomic Number, Mass Number and atomic Symbol 9. Isotope and atomic masses MIXTURE vs COMPOUNDS MIXTURE - Physically mixed, therefore can be separated by physical means. COMPOUNDS - Allowed to react chemically, therefore cannot be separated by physical means CONSERVATION OF MATTER There is NO observable change in the quantity of matter (mass) during a chemical reaction* or during a physical change.
*a nuclear reaction is not a chemical reaction

CONSERVATION OF MATTER AND ENERGY The combined amount of matter and energy in the universe is fixed. Einsteins relativity theory: E=mc2 MOLECULAR VIEW OF MATTER Daltons atomic theory summarized the nature of matter 1) An element is composed of extremely small indivisible particles called atoms. 2) All atoms of a given element have identical properties, which differ from those of other elements. 3) Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or transformed into atoms of another element. 4) Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine with each other in small whole-number ratios. 5) The relative numbers and kinds of atoms are constant in a given compound. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that maintains its chemical identity through all chemical and physical changes. Fundamental particles are the basic building blocks of atoms, they consist of electrons, protons, and neutrons. ELECTRONS negatively charged particles PROTONSpositively charged particles NEUTRONSparticles with no charge.

The total mass of substances DOES NOT change during a chemical reaction. LAW OF DEFINITE COMPOSITION Different samples of any pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass. No matter the source, a particular compound is composed of the same elements in the same parts (fractions) by mass. LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS When two elements, A and B, form more than one compound, the ratio of the masses of element B that combine with a given mass of element A in each compounds can be expressed by small whole numbers. CONSERVATION OF ENERGY Energy CANNOT be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction or in a physical change. It can only be converted from one form to another.
LALaput

Chemistry16

Lecture2

element. How many grams of uranium can be obtained from 102 kg of pitchblende? Fill out the table below:

FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES OF MATTER Nucleus protons and neutrons Electron cloud electrons Particle Mass Electron (e-) 0.00054858 amu Proton (p or p+) 1.0073 amu Neutron (n or n0) 1.0087 amu

Silver consists of two naturally occurring isotopes: 107 Ag, which has a mass of 106.90509 amu, and 109 Ag, which has a mass of 108.9047 amu. The atomic weight of silver is 107.8682 amu. Determine the percent abundance of each isotope in naturally occurring silver. Charge 11+ None

The atomic mass unit (amu) equals 1.66054 x 10-24g.

ATOMIC CALCULATIONS 1. From the ATOMIC NUMBER, we can get the number of PROTONS present. 2. From the MASS NUMBER, it gives us the sum of the PROTONS and NEUTRONS. #Protons = Atomic Number # Neutrons = Mass number Atomic Number # Electrons: Neutral species = Atomic Number Cations/Anions of the species = Atomic number - Charge = Atomic number = Mass number Atomic number = Atomic number = Atomic number Charge = Atomic number + Charge

ISOTOPES They are variations of the same element, that differ only in the NUMBER OF NEUTRONS Neutrons have no e-charge, BUT they have WEIGHT ATOMIC WEIGHTS Weighted average of the masses of the constituent isotopes if an element. Tells us the atomic masses of every known element. Lower number on periodic chart. Assignment: Pitchblende is the most commercially important compound of uranium. Analysis shows that 84.2 g of pitchblende contains 71.4 g of uranium, with oxygen as the only other
LALaput Chemistry16 Lecture2