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Exercise Chapter 20 : Heat and First Law of Thermodynamics 1. Water at the top of Niagara Falls has a temperature of 10.

0 oC. It falls throught a distance of 50.0 m. Assuming that all of its potential energy goes into warming of the water, calculate the temperature of the water at the bottom of the Falls. [10.117oC] Consider Joules apparatus described in Figure 20.1. Each of the two masses is 1.50 kg, and the tank is filled with 200 g of water. What is the increase in the temperature of the water after the masses fall through a distance of 3.00 m? [0.105oC] A 1.50-kg iron horseshoe initially at 600oC is dropped into a bucket containing 20.0 kg of water at 25.0oC. What is the final temperature? (Neglect the heat capacity of the container and assume that a negligible amount of water boils away) [29.6oC] An ideal gas is held in a container at constant volume. Initially, its temperature is 10.0 oC and its pressure is 2.50 atm. What is its pressure when its temperature is 80.0oC? [3.12atm] A gas expands from I to F along three possible paths, as indicated in Figure P20.27. Calculate the work in joules done by the gas along the paths IAF, IF and IBF. [(a) 810 J, (b) 506 J, (c) 203 J]

2.

3.

4. 5.

P(atm) 4 I A

1 0

B 2 4

F V(liters)

6. A sample of an ideal gas goes through the process shown in Figure P20.32. From A to B, the process is adiabatic; from B to C it is isobaric, with 100kJ of energy flowing into the system by heat. From C to D, the process is isothermal, from D to A, it is isobaric with 150 kJ of energy flowing out of the system by heat. Determine the difference in internal energy, Eint,B Eint, A. [+42.9 kJ]

7. An ideal gas is carried through a thermodynamic cycle consisting of two isobaric and two isothermal processes, as shown in Figure P20.39. Show that the net work done in the entire cycle is given by the equation P Wnet = P1 ( V2 V1 ) ln 2 P1 P

P2

P1

D V

[Hint : Start with Wtotal = WAB + WBC +1 WCD + WDA]

V2

8. Figure 1 shows a cycle undergone by 1.00 mol of an ideal monatomic gas. For 1 2, what are (a) heat Q E int , and (b) the change in internal energy (c) the work done W? [(a) 3.74 103 J, (b) 3.74 103 J, (c) W = 0] For 2 3, what are (d) Q E int , and (e) (f) W ? [(d) Q = 0, (e) - 1.81 103 J, (f) + 1.81 103 J] For 3 1, what are (g) Q E int , and (h) (i) W ? [(g) 3.22 103 J, (h) 1.93 103 J, (i) 1.29 103 J] For the full cycle, what are (j) Q E int , and (k) (l) W ? [(j) 520 J, (k) 0, (l) 520 J] The initial pressure at point 1 is 1.00 atm (= 1.013 10 5 Pa ). What are (m) the volume and pressure at point 2, and (n) the volume and pressure at point 3 ? [(m) 2.46 10-2 m3, 2.02 105 Pa (n) 3.73 10-2 m3, 1.013 105 Pa]

P T2 = 600 K 2 Adiabatic

Figure 1

1 T1 = 300 K

3 T3 = 455 K

9. A glass window pane has an area of 3.00 m2 and a thickness of 0.600 cm. If the temperature difference between its surfaces is 25.0oC, what is the rate of energy transfer by conduction through the window? [10.0kW] 10. Figure 1 shows the cross section of a wall made of three layers, with equal cross-sectional area of 20.0 cm2. The thicknesses of the layers are L1 = L2 = 2.8 cm, and L3 = 3.5 cm. The thermal conductivities are k1 = 0.060 W/mK, k2 = 0.040 W/mK, k3 = 0.12 W/mK. The temperatures at the left and right sides of the wall are T2 = 30.0oC and T1 = 15.0oC, respectively. At what rate is energy conducted along the entire wall. [0.062 W]

k1

k2

k3

T2 = 30oC
L1 L2 L3

T1 = 15.0oC

11. A bar of gold is in thermal contact with a bar of silver of the same length and area (Fig. P20.43). One end of the compound bar is maintained at 80.0oC, while the opposite end is at 30.0oC. When the rate of energy transfer by conduction reaches steady state, what is the temperature at the juntion? [51.2oC]

12. The surface of the Sun has a temperature of about 5800 K. The radius of the Sun is 6.96 10 8 m. Calculate the total energy radiated by the Sun each second. (Assume that e = 0.965). [3.77 1026 W]

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