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u04d2 Non-visual Senses Locate and read a recent full-text article from the Capella Library about one

of the non-visual senses and a related phenomenon (for example, the cutaneous senses and pain, or the vestibular system and motion sickness). Describe the phenomenon, the related sensory and brain structures, and how damage to one or more of these structures can impact the sensation or perception of this phenomenon. Response Guidelines Respond to at least one other learner. Your response is expected to be substantive in nature and to reference the assigned readings, as well as other theoretical, empirical, or professional literature to support your views and writings. Reference your sources using standard APA guidelines. The ability to detect audition is considered by many as one of the most important senses, second only to vision. The receptive organ for auditory functioning is the Corti consisting of the basal membrane, hair cells, and tectorial membrane. The cochlea is part of the inner ear just inside middle ear canal, which responds to pressures changes within its fluid filled basal membrane. The cochlea is divided into three sections: the scala vestibule, scala media, and scala timpani. When sound is detected, the basal membrane moves laterally in conjunction with the tectorial membrane which projects overhead. These movements of the fluid within the cochlea cause the cilia of the inner hair cells to vibrate, thus producing receptor potentials. These inner hair cells form synapses with the dendrites of the bipolar neurons which connect to the cochlear branch of the eighth cranial nerve (cochlear nerve) to send auditory messages to the brain. Although inner hair cells only form 29 percent of the total number of receptor cells, their connections are of vital importance to the transmission of auditory information to the central nervous system (CNS) (Carlson, 2013). This auditory information is relayed specifically to the primary auditory cortex on the medial surface of the temporal lobe. Damage to the cochlear nerve is typically rare, but it can cause progressive hearing loss. Isildak et al. (2011) investigated a 54 year old woman who encountered progressive hearing loss in the right ear. Close examination indicated the presence of an intracranial tumor, which had originated in the lateral junction between the glial cells and the Schwann cells of the eighth cranial nerve. Vestibulocochlear schwannomas typically originate in the vestibular nerve, but in this case the tumor was present from a lesion on the cranial nerve itself. The cochlear or cranial nerve is critical to transmitting information to the cochlear nucleus in the medulla and onto the auditory association cortex. It was suggested that auditory management in such cases is essentially age and medical history dependent, as well as the hearing capability of involved and uninvolved ears. In most cases of

older patients, observation of speech along with continued use of the damaged ear is recommended, in conjunction with monitoring of the tumor growth. Surgical removal of the tumor is indicated when patients experience nonserviceable hearing and intractable vertigo caused from adverse pressure on cranial nerve. Anthony Rhodes General Psychology PhD. References Carlson, N. R. (2013). Physiology of behavior (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN: 9780205239399. Isildak, H., Ibrahimov, M., Yilmaz, M., Enver, O., & Albayram, S. (2011). A purely intracanalicular cochlear schwannoma presenting with progressive hearing loss. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal, 90(10), 481-8. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/902631040?accountid=27965

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