SENR6138-01 September 2006

PUMP or MOTOR FLUID CONDITIONER SPRING

FLUID POWER SYMBOLS

BASIC COMPONENT SYMBOLS
MAIN AUX.

CONTROL VALVES

RESTRICTION

LINE RESTRICTION (FIXED)

2-SECTION PUMP

PUMP: VARIABLE and PRESSURE COMPENSATED

VARIABILITY

SPRING (ADJUSTABLE)

LINE RESTRICTION (VARIABLE)

PRESSURE COMPENSATION

HYDRAULIC PNEUMATIC ENERGY TRIANGLES

LINE RESTRICTION
VARIABLE and PRESSURE COMPENSATED

ATTACHMENT

VALVES
VALVE ENVELOPES VALVE PORTS

ONE POSITION

TWO POSITION

THREE POSITION

TWO-WAY

THREE-WAY

FOUR-WAY

CONTROL VALVES
AB AB

CHECK VALVES

P T NORMAL POSITION

P T SHIFTED POSITION

INFINITE POSITION

BASIC SYMBOL

SPRING LOADED

SHUTTLE

PILOT CONTROLLED

MEASUREMENT

ROTATING SHAFTS

PRESSURE

TEMPERATURE

FLOW

UNIDIRECTIONAL

BIDIRECTIONAL

FLUID STORAGE RESERVOIRS

312 Excavators Hydraulic System

6GK1-392 6BL1-369

VENTED

PRESSURIZED

RETURN ABOVE FLUID LEVEL

RETURN BELOW FLUID LEVEL

COMBINATION CONTROLS

SOLENOID

SOLENOID or MANUAL

SOLENOID and PILOT

SOLENOID and PILOT or MANUAL

SERVO

THERMAL

DETENT

MANUAL CONTROL SYMBOLS

PUSH-PULL LEVER

MANUAL SHUTOFF

GENERAL MANUAL

PUSH BUTTON

PEDAL

SPRING

PILOT CONTROL SYMBOLS

RELEASED PRESSURE REMOTE SUPPLY PRESSURE

EXTERNAL RETURN

INTERNAL RETURN

SIMPLIFIED

COMPLETE

INTERNAL SUPPLY PRESSURE

ACCUMULATORS

CROSSING AND JOINING LINES

HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS

SPRING LOADED

GAS CHARGED

LINES CROSSING

LINES JOINING

SINGLE ACTING

DOUBLE ACTING

HYDRAULIC PUMPS
FIXED DISPLACEMENT VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT NON-COMPENSATED

HYDRAULIC MOTORS
FIXED DISPLACEMENT VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT NON-COMPENSATED

INTERNAL PASSAGEWAYS
INFINITE POSITIONING THREE POSITION TWO POSITION

UNIDIRECTIONAL

UNIDIRECTIONAL
CROSS FLOW

BIDIRECTIONAL

BIDIRECTIONAL

FLOW IN ONE DIRECTION

PARALLEL FLOW

FLOW ALLOWED IN EITHER DIRECTION

2006 Caterpillar All Rights Reserved

Printed in U.S.A.

Electrical Symbols Table

Hydraulic Symbols (Electrical)

Component List
Item No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Description Swing Parking Brake Control Valve Swing Motor Travel Motor (Left) Travel Motor (Right) Stick Cylinder Boom Cylinders Bucket Cylinder Swivel Pressure Switch (Boom Raise) Main Control Valve Pressure Switch (Implement/Swing) Pressure Switch (Travel) Main Relief Valve Pilot Control Valve (Left Travel) Pilot Control Valve (Right Travel) Pilot Control Valve (Swing/Stick) Proportional Reducing Valve Pilot Oil Manifold Pilot Relief Valve Accumulator Pilot Control Valve (Bucket/Boom) Solenoid Valve (Swing Priority) Solenoid Valve (Fine Control) Front Pump Rear Pump Pilot Pump Hydraulic Activation Control Valve Solenoid Valve (Travel Speed) Automatic Travel Speed Change Valve Slow Return Check Valve Bypass Check Valve Oil Cooler Hydraulic Tank Pilot Filter Straight Travel Valve Relief Valve (Bucket Cylinder Head End) Negative Flow Control Relief Valve Negative Flow Control Relief Valve Relief Valve (Stick Cylinder Rod End) Relief Valve (Stick Cylinder Head End) Relief Valve (Boom Cylinder Rod End) Relief Valve (Bucket Cylinder Rod End) Boom Drift Reduction Valve Stick Drift Reduction Valve Slow Return Check Valve Relief Valve (Boom Cylinder Head End) Selector Valve Boom II Control Valve Stick I Control Valve Swing Control Valve Left Travel Control Valve Right Travel Control Valve Attachment Control Valve Boom I Control Valve Bucket Control Valve Stick II Control Valve

27

16

14

15

21

28 29
G

M
Electric Motor

13 12 11 33 30 6

Transducer (Fluid)

Transducer (Gas / Air)

Generator

Pressure Switch

Pressure Switch (Adjustable)

Temperature Switch

Electrical Wire

Electrical Symbols (Electrical)

Pressure Symbol

Temperature Symbol

Level Symbol

Flow Symbol

Wire Number Identification Codes

32 10 9 31 2 1 24 3 20 34

Electrical Schematic Example

Current Standard
Harness identification code This example indicates wire 135 in harness "AG". Wire

Hydraulic Schematic Example

Current Standard

SENR6138-01

Circuit Number Identification

Wire Color

325-AG135 PK-14 325-PK

Circuit Identification Number Wire Color Wire Gauge

Previous Standard
Wire Wire Color

325-PK-14

22

B
Circuit Number Identification Wire Gauge

(EXAMPLE VALVE)

25

26

35

17

18

23

19

24 Page,

(Dimensions: 34 inches x 28 inches)

1 SH

27

16

14

15

21

28 29

PG Dr

13 12 11 33 30 6 5

T PP3 PP3

7
M2 M1 M1 M2

MU

P1 B A

P2

P2

P1

32 10 9 34

31 2 1 24 3

20

22 25
36 HR dR4 aR4 49 AR3 BR3 bR3 50 AR2 BR2 bR2 51 AR1 BR1 bR1 dST1 bL1 BL1 53 AL1 54 bL2 BL2 AL2 55 bL3 42 AL3 BL3 56 bL4 BL4 AL4 37 57 aL5 HL dL5 38

26

35

17

18

23

19

52

BR4

Component List
Item No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Description Swing Parking Brake Control Valve Swing Motor Travel Motor (Left) Travel Motor (Right) Stick Cylinder Boom Cylinders Bucket Cylinder Swivel Pressure Switch (Boom Raise) Main Control Valve Pressure Switch (Implement/Swing) Pressure Switch (Travel) Main Relief Valve Pilot Control Valve (Left Travel) Pilot Control Valve (Right Travel) Pilot Control Valve (Swing/Stick) Proportional Reducing Valve Pilot Oil Manifold Pilot Relief Valve Accumulator Pilot Control Valve (Bucket/Boom) Solenoid Valve (Swing Priority) Solenoid Valve (Fine Control) Front Pump Rear Pump Pilot Pump Hydraulic Activation Control Valve Solenoid Valve (Travel Speed) Automatic Travel Speed Change Valve Slow Return Check Valve Bypass Check Valve Oil Cooler Hydraulic Tank Pilot Filter Straight Travel Valve Relief Valve (Bucket Cylinder Head End) Negative Flow Control Relief Valve Negative Flow Control Relief Valve Relief Valve (Stick Cylinder Rod End) Relief Valve (Stick Cylinder Head End) Relief Valve (Boom Cylinder Rod End) Relief Valve (Bucket Cylinder Rod End) Boom Drift Reduction Valve Stick Drift Reduction Valve Slow Return Check Valve Relief Valve (Boom Cylinder Head End) Selector Valve Boom II Control Valve Stick I Control Valve Swing Control Valve Left Travel Control Valve Right Travel Control Valve Attachment Control Valve Boom I Control Valve Bucket Control Valve Stick II Control Valve

R1 39 40 41 46

R2 X

(Dimensions: 34 inches x 28 inches)

45

46

13

44

47

48

dL6 bR4 aR3 Y dSP PSW PTA aR2 aR1 PR PL aL1 PP aL2 aL3 aL4 Pi S

SENR6138-01

PAT

11

12

10

24 Page:

14 TP TT

15

16 JLP JLT

17

19 PSA PAC PG

20

PIN PEU A4 A3 A2 A1 JL2 JL3 TOUT Pi1 JL4 JL1 40 Pi7 DR1 27 SP SB5 SB4 SB3 SB2 ST SB1 DR2 43 Pi8 Pi5 Pi4 28 SA5 SA4 SA3 31 SA2 SA1 29 JPi JPd DR3 DR4 DR5 DR6 18 Dr B1 DO DI B2 A3 Pi1 51 52 Pi2 53 C/V Pi Pi2 Pi3 JR4 JR2 JR3 JR1 JRP JRT A1 Pf a1 PH a2 a3 A2

21

LINE PATTERNS
Pressure Line Pilot / Load Sensing Pressure Drain / Return Lines Component Group Attachment

30

33

54 34
YY

Air Line

CALLOUTS
Taps (Pressure, Sampling,Sensor) by letter Components by number

52

THIS HYDRAULIC SCHEMATIC IS FOR THE 312 EXCAVATOR

Components are shown installed on a fully operable machine with the key and engine off and transmission shifter in neutral. Refer to the appropriate Service Manual for Troubleshooting, Specifications and Systems Operations

D03336