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Switching overvoltages in offshore wind power grids. Measurements, modelling and validation in time and frequency domain. PhD Thesis, 2012
Contents
General overview of the Industrial PhD project Framework PhD cooperation in DONG Energy Offshore wind farm general overview Switching transient source Measurements and simulations
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
06-12-2011
Framework
5. Validation
1. Measurements
4. Model application
2. Data analysis
3. Model creation
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
06-12-2011
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
06-12-2011
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
06-12-2011
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
06-12-2011
PCC Wind turbine Converter Reactor CB_LV Transformer CB_MV Land cable CB_PCC
MLVcon Filter
MLV
MMV
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
06-12-2011
MV_Radial
Land cable Shore line Wind turbine BB22 Converter Reactor Submarine cable CB_LV22 WTT_22 CB_MV22
MV_22
CB_MV38
LV_38 Filter
MV_38
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
06-12-2011
Shore line
PCC CB1_HV CB0_HV CB2_HV MHV Submarine cable Land cable CB_HV
CB1_MV
MV2
MMV1 TR2
CB2_MV
MMV2
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
10
06-12-2011
Shore line
PCC CB1_HV CB0_HV CB2_HV MHV Submarine cable Land cable CB_HV
CB1_MV
MV2
MMV1 TR2
CB2_MV
MMV2
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
11
06-12-2011
Measurements
->high frequency phenomena that standard models can not reproduce ->detail and std models are sufficient for some switching operations ->additional work is needed
switch out AVV switch in radial feeder in NHP switch in wind turbine transformer in BB switch in wind turbine transformers during ->operational guidelines can be created emergency situation MW based on simulations export grid validation GFS external grid disturbance validation GFS point-on-wave application at WOW2 transient recovery voltage at WOW2 All the models and methods external grid disturbance prediction developed have been done for WOW1
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
12
06-12-2011
Avedre
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
13
06-12-2011
PCC Wind turbine Converter Reactor CB_LV Transformer CB_MV Land cable CB_PCC
MLVcon Filter
MLV
MMV
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
14
06-12-2011
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
15
06-12-2011
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
16
06-12-2011
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
17
06-12-2011
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
18
06-12-2011
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
19
06-12-2011
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
20
06-12-2011
MV_Radial
Land cable Shore line Wind turbine BB22 Converter Reactor Submarine cable CB_LV22 WTT_22 CB_MV22
MV_22
CB_MV38
LV_38 Filter
MV_38
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
21
06-12-2011
20MW
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
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Simplified transformer model with equivalent capacitances in terminals Gray box model Black box model
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
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Transformers
Wind turbine 300kVA@SINTEF/NTNU 100kVA@DTU 100kVA@BB 150kVA@BB 2.6MVA@STV(Middelgrund) 2.6MVA@STV(Nysted) 4MVA@BB(....) 2.5MVA@SWP(HR2) 4MVA@SWP(AVV)-lost Wind park 90MVA@BB 2x120MVA@ABB(WOW2) 2x120MVA@Bladt(WOW2)
R&D Maintenance
FRA measurements
Y(f)
Spare Supplier
Y(f) correction
Vector fitting
FDTF in PSCAD
Compare PSCAD results with measurements
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
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06-12-2011
1U
2U
2N
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
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06-12-2011
180kHz
27kHz
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
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06-12-2011
Measured admittance from recommended SFRA test on the 100kVA transformer at DTU
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
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06-12-2011
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
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06-12-2011
Value creation
Guidelines
Standard model or method Developed model or method
Increase reliability
Reduce costs
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
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06-12-2011
Conclusions
Cooperation Detail models provided by manufacturers Some switching operations can be replicated with standard component models, but not all Additional work is needed to develop models Operational guidelines can be created based on simulations Wide band transformer model can be created with a commercial SFRA equipment Some recommended SFRA measurement resonances match the positive sequence voltage ratio resonant frequencies Different transformer types, present different L/R ratio
Electrical oscillations between wind energy installations, their components and the power grid, Stockholm.
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06-12-2011
Ivn Arana M.Sc.E.E., PhD-student Renewables Grid Analysis DONG Energy Nesa All 1 DK-2820 Gentofte Mobile: +45 99 55 63 55 Email: ivaar@dongenergy.dk