AR1200 Basic Config Guide - PD

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers V200R001C01
Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

Issue Date 02 2011-10-15
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Issue 02 (2011-10-15)
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration
About This Document
About This Document

Intended Audience
This document provides the basic concepts, configuration procedures, and configuration examples in different application scenarios of the Basic configuration supported by the AR1200S device. This document describes how to configure the Basic configuration. This document is intended for: l l l l Data configuration engineers Commissioning engineers Network monitoring engineers System maintenance engineers
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Symbol Description
DANGER
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss, performance degradation, or unexpected results. Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save time. Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.
WARNING
CAUTION
TIP
NOTE
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ii
About This Document
Command Conventions
The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Convention Boldface Italic [] { x | y | ... } [ x | y | ... ] { x | y | ... }* Description The keywords of a command line are in boldface. Command arguments are in italics. Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional. Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars. One item is selected. Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected. Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of all items can be selected. Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by vertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected. The parameter before the & sign can be repeated 1 to n times. A line starting with the # sign is comments.
[ x | y | ... ]* &<1-n> #
Interface Numbering Conventions

Interface numbers used in this manual are examples. In device configuration, use the existing interface numbers on devices.
Change History
Changes between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document version contains all updates made to previous versions.
Changes in Issue 02 (2011-10-15)

Based on issue 01 (2011-08-15), the document is updated as follows: The following information is modified: l l 8.8.4 Example for Connecting the SFTP Client to the SSH Server 9.3.3 Downloading Resource Files
Changes in Issue 01 (2011-08-15)

Initial commercial release.
Issue 02 (2011-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iii
Contents
Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii 1 Logging In to the System for the First Time............................................................................1
1.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................................2 1.2 Logging In to the Device Through the Console Port or Mini USB Port............................................................2 1.2.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.........................................................................................................2 1.2.2 Establishing the Physical Connection........................................................................................................3 1.2.3 Logging in to the router.............................................................................................................................3
2 CLI Overview.................................................................................................................................6
2.1 CLI Introduction.................................................................................................................................................7 2.1.1 Command Line Interface...........................................................................................................................7 2.1.2 Command Levels.......................................................................................................................................7 2.1.3 Command Line Views.............................................................................................................................10 2.2 Online Help.......................................................................................................................................................11 2.2.1 Full Help..................................................................................................................................................11 2.2.2 Partial Help..............................................................................................................................................12 2.2.3 Error Messages of the Command Line Interface.....................................................................................12 2.3 CLI Features.....................................................................................................................................................13 2.3.1 Editing.....................................................................................................................................................13 2.3.2 Displaying................................................................................................................................................14 2.3.3 Regular Expressions................................................................................................................................14 2.3.4 Previously-Used Commands...................................................................................................................17 2.4 Shortcut Keys...................................................................................................................................................18 2.4.1 Classifying Shortcut Keys.......................................................................................................................18 2.4.2 Defining Shortcut Keys...........................................................................................................................19 2.4.3 Use of Shortcut Keys...............................................................................................................................20 2.5 Configuration Examples...................................................................................................................................20 2.5.1 Example for Using Tab............................................................................................................................21 2.5.2 Example for Using Shortcut Keys...........................................................................................................22
3 Basic Configuration.....................................................................................................................23
3.1 Configuring the Basic System Environment....................................................................................................24 3.1.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.......................................................................................................24 3.1.2 Configuring the Equipment Name...........................................................................................................24 Issue 02 (2011-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iv
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3.1.3 Setting the System Clock.........................................................................................................................25 3.1.4 Configuring a Header..............................................................................................................................26 3.1.5 Configuring the Undo Command to Match in the Previous View Automatically..................................27 3.2 Displaying System Status Messages.................................................................................................................27 3.2.1 Displaying System Configuration...........................................................................................................28 3.2.2 Displaying System Status........................................................................................................................28 3.2.3 Collecting System Diagnostic Information.............................................................................................29
4 Configuring User Interface........................................................................................................30

4.1 User Interface Overview...................................................................................................................................31 4.2 Configuring the Console User Interface...........................................................................................................33 4.2.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.......................................................................................................33 4.2.2 Setting Physical Attributes of Console User Interface............................................................................34 4.2.3 Setting Terminal Attributes of Console User Interface...........................................................................35 4.2.4 Configuring User Priority of Console User Interface..............................................................................36 4.2.5 Configuring the User Authentication Mode of the Console User Interface............................................36 4.2.6 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................38 4.3 Configuring VTY User Interface......................................................................................................................38 4.3.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.......................................................................................................39 4.3.2 Configuring Maximum VTY User Interfaces.........................................................................................39 4.3.3 (Optional)Setting Limit on Incoming and Outgoing Calls of VTY User Interfaces...............................40 4.3.4 Setting Terminal Attributes of the VTY User Interface..........................................................................41 4.3.5 Setting User Priority of VTY User Interface...........................................................................................42 4.3.6 Setting User Authentication Mode of the VTY User Interface...............................................................43 4.3.7 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................44 4.4 Configuring a TTY User Interface...................................................................................................................45 4.4.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.......................................................................................................45 4.4.2 Setting Physical Attributes of a TTY User Interface...............................................................................46 4.4.3 Setting Terminal Attributes of TTY User Interface................................................................................47 4.4.4 Configuring User Priority of TTY User Interface...................................................................................48 4.4.5 Configuring the Authentication Mode on a TTY User Interface............................................................49 4.4.6 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................50 4.5 Configuration Examples...................................................................................................................................51 4.5.1 Example for Configuring Console User Interface...................................................................................51 4.5.2 Example for Configuring VTY User Interface........................................................................................53 4.5.3 Example for Configuring TTY User Interface........................................................................................54
5 Configuring User Login.............................................................................................................57

5.1 Overview of User Login...................................................................................................................................58 5.2 Logging in to the Devices Through the Console Port......................................................................................58 5.2.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.......................................................................................................58 5.2.2 Configuring Console User Interface........................................................................................................59 5.2.3 Logging in to the router Through a Console Port....................................................................................59 5.2.4 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................60 Issue 02 (2011-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. v
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5.3 Logging in to the Devices by Using Telnet......................................................................................................60 5.3.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.......................................................................................................61 5.3.2 Configuring VTY User Interface.............................................................................................................61 5.3.3 (Optional) Configuring Local Telnet Users.............................................................................................62 5.3.4 Enabling the Telnet Service.....................................................................................................................62 5.3.5 Logging in to the router by Using Telnet................................................................................................63 5.3.6 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................64 5.4 Logging in to the Devices by Using STelnet....................................................................................................65 5.4.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.......................................................................................................65 5.4.2 Configuring VTY User Interface.............................................................................................................66 5.4.3 Configuring SSH for the VTY User Interface.........................................................................................66 5.4.4 Configuring an SSH User and Specifying STelnet as One of Service Types.........................................67 5.4.5 Enabling the STelnet Server Function.....................................................................................................69 5.4.6 (Optional) Configuring the STelnet Server Parameters...........................................................................70 5.4.7 Logging in to the router by Using STelnet..............................................................................................71 5.4.8 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................72 5.5 Common Operations After Login.....................................................................................................................73 5.5.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.......................................................................................................73 5.5.2 Switching User Levels.............................................................................................................................74 5.5.3 Locking User Interfaces...........................................................................................................................75 5.5.4 Sending Messages to Other User Interfaces............................................................................................75 5.5.5 Displaying Logged-in Users....................................................................................................................76 5.6 Configuration Examples...................................................................................................................................76 5.6.1 Example for Configuring User Login Through a Console Port..............................................................76 5.6.2 Example for Logging In by Telnet..........................................................................................................79 5.6.3 Example for Configuring User Login by Using STelnet.........................................................................80
6 Managing File System................................................................................................................83

6.1 File System Overview......................................................................................................................................84 6.1.1 File System..............................................................................................................................................84 6.1.2 Methods of File Management..................................................................................................................84 6.2 Performing File Operations by Means of the File System...............................................................................85 6.2.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.......................................................................................................85 6.2.2 Managing Storage Devices......................................................................................................................86 6.2.3 Managing the Directory...........................................................................................................................86 6.2.4 Managing Files........................................................................................................................................87 6.3 Performing File Operations by Means of FTP.................................................................................................89 6.3.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.......................................................................................................89 6.3.2 Configuring a Local FTP User................................................................................................................90 6.3.3 (Optional) Specifying a Port Number for the FTP Server.......................................................................91 6.3.4 Enabling the FTP Server..........................................................................................................................92 6.3.5 (Optional) Configuring the FTP Server Parameters................................................................................92 6.3.6 (Optional) Configuring an FTP ACL......................................................................................................93 Issue 02 (2011-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. vi
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6.3.7 Accessing the System by Using FTP.......................................................................................................94 6.3.8 Performing File Operations by Using FTP Commands...........................................................................94 6.3.9 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................96 6.4 Performing File Operations by Means of SFTP...............................................................................................97 6.4.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.......................................................................................................97 6.4.2 Configuring VTY User Interface.............................................................................................................98 6.4.3 Configuring SSH for the VTY User Interface.........................................................................................98 6.4.4 Configuring an SSH User and Specifying SFTP as One of Service Types.............................................99 6.4.5 Enabling the SFTP Service....................................................................................................................101 6.4.6 Accessing the System by Using SFTP..................................................................................................102 6.4.7 Performing File Operations by Using SFTP..........................................................................................103 6.4.8 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................104 6.5 Configuration Examples.................................................................................................................................105 6.5.1 Example for Performing File Operations by Means of the File System...............................................105 6.5.2 Example for Performing File Operations by Means of FTP.................................................................107 6.5.3 Example for Performing File Operations by Means of SFTP...............................................................109
7 Configuring System Startup....................................................................................................112

7.1 System Startup Overview...............................................................................................................................113 7.1.1 System Software....................................................................................................................................113 7.1.2 Configuration Files and Current Configurations...................................................................................113 7.2 Managing Configuration Files........................................................................................................................113 7.2.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.....................................................................................................114 7.2.2 Saving Configuration Files....................................................................................................................114 7.2.3 Clearing a Configuration File................................................................................................................115 7.2.4 Comparing Configuration Files.............................................................................................................116 7.2.5 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................116 7.3 Specifying a File for System Startup..............................................................................................................117 7.3.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.....................................................................................................117 7.3.2 Configuring System Software for a router to Load for the Next Startup..............................................118 7.3.3 Configuring the Configuration File for Router to Load for the Next Startup.......................................118 7.3.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................119 7.4 Configuration Examples.................................................................................................................................119 7.4.1 Example for Configuring System Startup.............................................................................................120
8 Accessing Another Device.......................................................................................................122

8.1 Accessing Another Device Overview.............................................................................................................123 8.1.1 Telnet Method........................................................................................................................................123 8.1.2 FTP Method...........................................................................................................................................125 8.1.3 TFTP Method........................................................................................................................................125 8.1.4 SSH Method..........................................................................................................................................126 8.2 Logging in to Other Devices by Using Telnet................................................................................................127 8.2.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.....................................................................................................127 8.2.2 (Optional) Configuring a Source IP Address for an Telnet Client........................................................128 Issue 02 (2011-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. vii
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8.2.3 Logging in to Another Device by Using Telnet....................................................................................128 8.2.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................129 8.3 Using the Redirection Function to Connect to a Remote Device...................................................................129 8.3.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.....................................................................................................129 8.3.2 Configuring the Redirection Function...................................................................................................132 8.3.3 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................133 8.4 Logging in to other Device by Using STelnet................................................................................................134 8.4.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.....................................................................................................134 8.4.2 Configuring the First Successful Login to Another Device (Enabling the First-Time Authentication on the SSH Client)...............................................................................................................................................134 8.4.3 Configuring the First Successful Login to Another Device (Allocating an RSA Public Key to the SSH Server)............................................................................................................................................................135 8.4.4 Logging in to Another Device by Using STelnet..................................................................................136 8.4.5 Checking the configuration...................................................................................................................137 8.5 Accessing Files on Another Device by Using TFTP......................................................................................137 8.5.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.....................................................................................................137 8.5.2 (Optional) Configuring a Source IP Address for a TFTP Client...........................................................138 8.5.3 (Optional) Configuring TFTP Access Authority...................................................................................139 8.5.4 Downloading Files by Using TFTP.......................................................................................................139 8.5.5 Uploading Files by Using TFTP............................................................................................................140 8.5.6 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................140 8.6 Accessing Files on Another Device by Using FTP........................................................................................141 8.6.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.....................................................................................................141 8.6.2 (Optional) Configuring Source IP Address and Interface of the FTP Client........................................141 8.6.3 Connecting to Other Devices by Using FTP Commands......................................................................142 8.6.4 Operating Files by Using FTP Commands............................................................................................143 8.6.5 Changing Login Users...........................................................................................................................145 8.6.6 Disconnecting from the FTP Server......................................................................................................145 8.6.7 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................146 8.7 Accessing Files on Another Device by Using SFTP......................................................................................146 8.7.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.....................................................................................................146 8.7.2 (Optional) Configuring a Source IP Address for an SFTP Client.........................................................147 8.7.3 Configuring the First Successful Login to Another Device (Enabling the First-Time Authentication on the SSH Client)...............................................................................................................................................148 8.7.4 Configuring the First Successful Login to Another Device (Allocating an RSA Public Key to the SSH Server)............................................................................................................................................................149 8.7.5 Connecting to Other Devices by Using SFTP.......................................................................................150 8.7.6 Operating Files by Using SFTP Commands..........................................................................................150 8.7.7 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................152 8.8 Configuration Examples.................................................................................................................................152 8.8.1 Example for Configuring Telnet Services.............................................................................................152 8.8.2 Example for Configuring the Device as the STelnet Client to Connect to the SSH Server..................155 8.8.3 Example for Configuring TFTP............................................................................................................159 Issue 02 (2011-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. viii
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8.8.4 Example for Connecting the SFTP Client to the SSH Server...............................................................161 8.8.5 Example for Authenticating SSH Through RADIUS............................................................................166
9 Upgrade and Maintenance.......................................................................................................171

9.1 Upgrade and Maintenance Overview.............................................................................................................172 9.1.1 License Authorization............................................................................................................................172 9.1.2 Software Upgrade..................................................................................................................................172 9.1.3 Patch Management................................................................................................................................172 9.1.4 CPU and Memory Usage Thresholds....................................................................................................173 9.1.5 Device Restart........................................................................................................................................173 9.2 Activating a GTL License File.......................................................................................................................173 9.2.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.....................................................................................................174 9.2.2 Uploading a GTL License File..............................................................................................................175 9.2.3 Activating the GTL License File...........................................................................................................175 9.2.4 (Optional) Enabling the Emergency State of the GTL License Module...............................................176 9.2.5 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................177 9.3 Upgrading System Software...........................................................................................................................177 9.3.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.....................................................................................................177 9.3.2 Checking the System Before the Upgrade.............................................................................................178 9.3.3 Downloading Resource Files.................................................................................................................179 9.3.4 Specifying the System Software to Be Used at the Next Startup..........................................................181 9.3.5 Configuring a Backup Startup File........................................................................................................182 9.3.6 (Optional) Upgrading the BootROM of the LPU..................................................................................182 9.3.7 Restarting a Device................................................................................................................................183 9.3.8 (Optional) Activating a GTL License File............................................................................................183 9.3.9 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................184 9.4 Managing Patches...........................................................................................................................................185 9.4.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.....................................................................................................185 9.4.2 Installing a Patch...................................................................................................................................185 9.4.3 Specifying a Patch File to Be Used at the Next Startup........................................................................186 9.4.4 Uninstalling a Patch...............................................................................................................................187 9.4.5 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................187 9.5 Monitoring CPU and Memory Usage.............................................................................................................187 9.5.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.....................................................................................................188 9.5.2 Setting CPU Usage Thresholds.............................................................................................................188 9.5.3 Setting a Memory Usage Threshold......................................................................................................189 9.5.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................189 9.6 Restarting the Device......................................................................................................................................190 9.6.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.....................................................................................................190 9.6.2 Restarting the Device Immediately.......................................................................................................191 9.6.3 Configuring the Device to Restart as Scheduled...................................................................................191 9.6.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................192 9.7 Configuration Examples.................................................................................................................................192 Issue 02 (2011-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ix
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9.7.1 Example for Upgrading System Software.............................................................................................192 9.7.2 Example for Installing a Patch File.......................................................................................................196
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1 Logging In to the System for the First Time
Logging In to the System for the First Time
About This Chapter

You can log in to a new router through the console port or mini USB port to configure the router. 1.1 Introduction You can log in to the device that is powered on for the first time through the console port or mini USB port to configure the device. 1.2 Logging In to the Device Through the Console Port or Mini USB Port This section describes how to connect a terminal to a router through the console port or mini USB port to establish the configuration environment.
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1.1 Introduction
You can log in to the device that is powered on for the first time through the console port or mini USB port to configure the device. A main control board provides a console port and a mini USB port. To configure a device, connect the serial port of your terminal to the console port of the device or connect the USB port of the user terminal to the mini USB port of the device.
NOTE
l If a device is powered on for the first time, you must log in to it through the console port or mini USB port before logging in to the device using other login modes. For example, before configuring an IP address to log in to a device using Telnet, log in to the device through the console port or mini USB port. l Before logging in to a device through the mini USB port, install the drive application of the mini USB port on the user terminal. l The mini USB port and console port cannot be used together.
1.2 Logging In to the Device Through the Console Port or Mini USB Port
This section describes how to connect a terminal to a router through the console port or mini USB port to establish the configuration environment.
1.2.1 Establishing the Configuration Task

Before logging in to the router through the console port or mini USB port, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This will help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
Applicable Environment
When the router is powered on for the first time, you need to use the console port or mini USB port to log in to the router to configure and manage the router.
Pre-configuration Tasks
Before logging in to the router through the console port or mini USB port, complete the following tasks: l l Installing terminal emulation program on the PC (such as Windows XP HyperTerminal) Preparing serial interface cables or mini USB interface cables.
NOTE
To log in to the device through the mini USB interface, install the drive program on the user terminal.
Data Preparation
To log in to the router through the console port or mini USB port, you need the following data.
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No. 1
Data Terminal communication parameters l Baud rate l Data bit l Parity l Stop bit l Flow-control mode
NOTE
When the router is logged in for the first time, the system automatically uses default parameter values.
1.2.2 Establishing the Physical Connection

You can connect the console port of the router to the COM port of a terminal, or connect the mini USB port of the router to the USB port of the terminal through cables.
Procedure
Step 1 Power on all devices to perform a self-check. Step 2 Connect the console port of the router to the COM port of a PC, or connect the mini USB port of the router to the USB port of the PC through cables.
NOTE
The mini USB port and console port cannot be used together.
----End
1.2.3 Logging in to the router

You can log in to the router through the console portor mini USB port to configure and manage the router that is powered on for the first time.
Context
You need to configure terminal attributes for the PC according to the attributes configured for the console port, including the transmission rate, data bit, parity bit, stop bit, and flow control mode. As the router is logged in for the first time, every terminal attribute uses the default value of the router.
Procedure
Step 1 Start a terminal emulator on the PC, and create a new connection, as shown in Figure 1-1.
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Figure 1-1 Connection creation
Step 2 Set interface,as shown in Figure 1-2. Figure 1-2 Interface setting
Step 3 Set communication parameter, same as the default of router,as shown in Figure 1-3.
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Figure 1-3 Communication parameter setting
Step 4 Press Enter. A command line prompt such as <Huawei> appears, and the system asks you to configure the router. You can enter a command to configure the router. Enter a question mark (?) whenever you need help.
NOTE
When you connect to the Console port of a AR1200-S that does not have a startup configuration file, the system displays "Warning: Auto-Config is working. Do you want to stop Auto-Config? [y/n]:" l To continue Auto-Config, enter n and press Enter. l To stop Auto-Config, choose y and press Enter.
CAUTION
If you choose n but still perform configurations through the Console port, the DHCP, routing, DNS, and VTY configurations that you have performed will be lost.
----End
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2 CLI Overview
2
About This Chapter
CLI Overview
The command line interface (CLI) is used to configure and maintain devices. 2.1 CLI Introduction After you log in to the router, a prompt is displayed, indicating that you enter the command line interface (CLI). The CLI is used by users to interact with the router. 2.2 Online Help When inputting command lines or configuring services, you can use the online help function to obtain real-time help. 2.3 CLI Features The CLI provides the following features to help users flexibly use it. 2.4 Shortcut Keys Using the system or user-defined shortcut keys makes it easier to enter commands. 2.5 Configuration Examples This section provides several examples for using command lines.
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2 CLI Overview
2.1 CLI Introduction

After you log in to the router, a prompt is displayed, indicating that you enter the command line interface (CLI). The CLI is used by users to interact with the router.
2.1.1 Command Line Interface

You can configure and manage the router by using the CLI commands. The characteristics of CLI are as follows: l l l l l l l Local configuration through console port. Local or remote configuration through Telnet or Secure Shell (SSH). The telnet command for directly logging in to and managing other routers. FTP service for file uploading and downloading. A user interface view for specific configuration management. Hierarchical command protection for users of different levels, that is, running the commands of the corresponding levels. Three authentication modes are supported, namely, none-authentication, password authentication, and Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) authentication. Password and AAA authentication prohibit unauthorized users from logging in to the router, guaranteeing system security. Entering "?" for online help at any time. A command line interpreter provides intelligent command resolution methods such as key word fuzzy match and context conjunction. These methods make it easy for users to enter their commands. Network testing commands such as tracert and ping for rapidly diagnosing a network. Abundant debugging information to help in diagnosing the network. Running a command used previously on the device, like DosKey.
NOTE
l l
l l l
l The system supports the command with a maximum of 512 characters. The command can be incomplete. You can enter one or more initial characters of the command to match the whole command. The incomplete command, however, must be unique in the system. For example, to use the display current-configuration command, enter d cu, di cu, or dis cu. You cannot enter d c or dis c because they are not unique in the system. l The system saves the incomplete command to the configuration files in complete form; therefore, the command may have more than 512 characters. When the system is restarted, however, the incomplete command cannot be restored. Therefore, pay attention to the length of the incomplete command.
2.1.2 Command Levels

The system manages commands in hierarchy for security. The administrator can set user levels corresponding to command levels to implement user-specific access control. The default command levels are as follows:
2 CLI Overview
Table 2-1 Command line levels Level 0 Name Visit level Description Commands of this level include commands of network diagnosis tool (such as ping and tracert) and commands that start from the local device and visit external device (such as Telnet client side). Commands of this level, including the display commands, are used for system maintenance and fault diagnosis. Commands of this level are service configuration commands that provide direct network service to the user, including routing and network layer commands. Commands of this level are commands that influence the basic operation of the system and provide support to the service. They include file system commands, FTP commands, TFTP commands, configuration file switching commands, power supply control commands, backup board control commands, user management commands, level setting commands, system internal parameter setting commands, and debugging commands that are used for fault diagnosis.
1 2
Monitoring level Configuration level Management level
NOTE
l The default command level may be higher than the command level defined according to the command rules in application. l The level of the command that a user can run is determined by the level of this user. l Login users have the same 16 levels as the command levels. The login users can use only the command of the levels that are equal to or lower than their own levels. The user privilege level level command sets the user level.
Searching Commands Based on Command Levels

You can search for all commands of a specific level simultaneously. The procedure is as follows: 1. 2. Open the command reference (.chm.) file. Click the "Search" tab. The search window will be displayed as shown in Figure 2-1.
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2 CLI Overview
Figure 2-1 Entering the search window
3.
Enter a desired command level in the "Type in the word(s) to search for" textbox and click "List Topics". All commands of the specified level will be displayed as shown in Figure 2-2.
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2 CLI Overview
Figure 2-2 Searching commands based on a specific level
2.1.3 Command Line Views

The command line interface has different command views. All the commands are registered in one or more command views. You can run a command only when you enter the corresponding command view. The following part uses the user, system, and aaa views as an example: # Establish connection to the router. If the router adopts the default configuration, you can enter the user view with the prompt of <Huawei>.
<Huawei>
# Run the system-view command to enter the system view.

<Huawei> system-view [Huawei]
# Run the aaa command in the system view to enter the AAA view.
[Huawei] aaa [Huawei-aaa]
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10

NOTE
2 CLI Overview
l l
The command prompt "Huawei" is the default host name. The prompt indicates a specific view. For example, "<HUAWEI>" indicates the user view, and "[HUAWEI-ui-console0]" indicates the console user interface view.
Some commands can be used in both system and other views, but have different effects.
2.2 Online Help

When inputting command lines or configuring services, you can use the online help function to obtain real-time help.
2.2.1 Full Help

When inputting a command, you can use the full help function to obtain all keywords or parameters of this command.
Procedure
l You can obtain the full help of a command line in the following manners. Enter a question mark (?) in any command line view to display all the commands and their simple descriptions.
<Huawei> ? User view commands: arp-ping ping autosave group backup information cd directory clock clock cls ... ... ARP<Group> autosave command Backup Change current Specify the system Clear screen
Enter a command and a question mark (?) separated by a space. If the key word is at this position, all key words and their simple descriptions are displayed. For example:
[Huawei] interface ? Bridge-if interface Cellular ... ... Bridge-if Cellular interface
Bridge-if and Cellular are keywords; Bridge-if interface and Cellular interface describe the keywords respectively. Enter a command and a question mark (?) separated by a space, and if a parameter is at this position, the related parameter names and parameter descriptions are displayed. For example:
[Huawei] ftp timeout ? INTEGER<1-35791> The value of FTP timeout (in minutes) [Huawei] ftp timeout 35 ? <cr> Please press ENTER to execute command [Huawei] ftp timeout 35
In the preceding display, INTEGER<1-35791> describes the parameter value; The value of FTP timeout (in minutes) is a simple description of the parameter usage;
2 CLI Overview
<cr> indicates that no parameter is at this position. The command is repeated in the next command line. You can press Enter to run the command. ----End
2.2.2 Partial Help

If you enter only the first one or a few characters of a command, you can use the partial help function to obtain all keywords following the character or character string.
Procedure
l You can obtain the partial help of a command line in the following manners. Enter a character string with a question mark (?) closely following it to display all commands that begin with this character string.
<Huawei> d? debugging group delete file dialer Dialer dir filesystem display <Group> debugging command Delete a
List files on a Display information
Enter a command and a character string with a question mark (?) closely following it to display all the key words that begin with this character string.
<Huawei> display b? bfd Detection information bgp information bootp bridge Specify BFD(Bidirectional Forwarding ) configuration BGP Bootstrap Protocol <Group> bridge command group
Enter the first several letters of a key word in the command and then press Tab to display the complete key word on the condition that the letters uniquely identify the key word. Otherwise, if you continue to press Tab, different key words are displayed. You can select the needed key word. ----End
2.2.3 Error Messages of the Command Line Interface

If an entered command passes the syntax check, the system executes it. Otherwise, the system prompts an error message. All the commands entered by the user are run correctly, if the grammar check has been passed. Otherwise, error messages are reported to the user. See Table 2-2 for the common error messages.
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Table 2-2 Common error messages of the command line Error messages % Unknown command, the error locates at "^" Error: Wrong parameter found at '^' position. % Incomplete command, the error locates at "^" Error: Too many parameters found at "^" position. % Ambiguous command, the error locates at "^" Cause of the error The command cannot be found The key word cannot be found Parameter type error The parameter value exceeds the limit Incomplete command entered Too many parameters entered Indefinite parameters entered
2.3 CLI Features

The CLI provides the following features to help users flexibly use it.
2.3.1 Editing
The editing function of command lines helps you edit command lines or obtain help by using certain keys. The command line supports multi-line edition. The maximum length of each command is 512 characters. Keys for editing that are often used are shown in Table 2-3. Table 2-3 Keys for editing Key Common key Function Inserts a character in the current position of the cursor if the editing buffer is not full and the cursor moves to the right. Otherwise, an alarm is generated. Deletes the character on the left of the cursor that moves to the left. When the cursor reaches the head of the command, an alarm is generated. Moves the cursor to the left by the space of a character. When the cursor reaches the head of the command, an alarm is generated. Moves the cursor to the right by the space of a character. When the cursor reaches the end of the command, an alarm is generated.
Backspace
Left cursor key or Ctrl_B Right cursor key or Ctrl_F
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Key Tab
Function Press Tab after typing the incomplete key word and the system runs the partial help: l If the matching key word is unique, the system replaces the typed one with the complete key word and displays it in a new line with the cursor a space behind. l If there are several matches or no match at all, the system displays the prefix first. Then you can press Tab to view the matching key word one by one. In this case, the cursor closely follows the end of the word and you can type a space to enter the next word. l If a wrong key word is entered, press Tab and the word is displayed in a new line.
2.3.2 Displaying
All command lines have the same displaying feature. You can construct the displaying mode as required. You can control the display of information on the CLI as follows: l If output information cannot be displayed on a full screen, you have three options to view the information, as shown in Table 2-4.
Table 2-4 Keys for displaying Key Ctrl_C Space Enter Function Stops the display and running of the command. Allows information to be displayed on the next screen. Allows information to be displayed on the next line.
2.3.3 Regular Expressions

The regular expression is an expression that describes a set of strings. It consists of common characters (such as letters from "a" to "z") and particular characters (also named metacharacters). The regular expression is a template according to which you can search for the required string. Users can use regular expressions to filter output information to rapidly locate desired information. A regular expression can provide the following functions: l l Searching for and obtaining a sub-string that matches a rule in the string. Substituting a string according to a certain matching rule.
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Formal Language Theory of the Regular Expression

The regular expression consists of common characters and particular characters. l Common characters Common characters are used to match themselves in a string, including all upper-case and lower-case letters, digits, punctuation, and special symbols. For example, a matches the letter "a" in "abc", 202 matches the digit "202" in "202.113.25.155", and @ matches the symbol "@" in "xxx@xxx.com". l Particular characters Particular characters are used together with common characters to match the complex or particular string combination. Table 2-5 describes particular characters and their syntax. Table 2-5 Description of particular characters Particul ar characte r \ Syntax Example
Defines an escape character, which is used to mark the next character (common or particular) as the common character. Matches the starting position of the string. Matches the ending position of the string. Matches the preceding element zero or more times.
\* matches "*".
^ $ *
^10 matches "10.10.10.1" instead of "20.10.10.1". 1$ matches "10.10.10.1" instead of "10.10.10.2". 10* matches "1", "10", "100", and "1000". (10)* matches "null", "10", "1010", and "101010".
Matches the preceding element one or more times
10+ matches "10", "100", and "1000". (10)+ matches "10", "1010", and "101010".
Matches the preceding element zero or one time. Matches any single character.
10? matches "1" and "10". (10)? matches "null" and "10". 0.0 matches "0x0" and "020". .oo matches "book", "look", and "tool".
()
Defines a subexpression, which can be null. Both the expression and the subexpression should be matched.
100(200)+ matches "100200" and "100200200".
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Particul ar characte r x|y
Syntax
Example
Matches x or y.
100|200 matches "100" or "200". 1(2|3)4 matches "124" or "134", instead of "1234", "14", "1224", and "1334".
[xyz] [^xyz] [a-z] [^a-z] _
Matches any single character in the regular expression. Matches any character that is not contained within the brackets. Matches any character within the specified range. Matches any character beyond the specified range. Matches a comma "," left brace "{", right brace "}", left parenthesis "(", and right parenthesis ")". Matches the starting position of the input string. Matches the ending position of the input string. Matches a space.
[123] matches the character 2 in "255". [^123] matches any character except for "1", "2", and "3". [0-9] matches any character ranging from 0 to 9. [^0-9] matches all non-numeric characters. _2008_ matches "2008", "space 2008 space", "space 2008", "2008 space", ",2008,", "{2008}", "(2008)", "{2008)", and "(2008}".
NOTE
Unless otherwise specified, all characters in the preceding table are displayed on the screen.
Degeneration of particular characters Certain particular characters, when being placed at the following positions in the regular expression, degenerate to common characters. The particular characters following "\" is transferred to match particular characters themselves. The particular characters "*", "+", and "?" placed at the starting position of the regular expression. For example, +45 matches "+45" and abc(*def) matches "abc*def". The particular character "^" placed at any position except for the start of the regular expression. For example, abc^ matches "abc^". The particular character "$" placed at any position except for the end of the regular expression. For example, 12$2 matches "12$2". The right bracket such as ")" or "]" being not paired with its corresponding left bracket "(" or "[". For example, abc) matches "abc)" and 0-9] matches "0-9]".
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NOTE
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Unless otherwise specified, degeneration rules are applicable when preceding regular expressions serve as subexpressions within parentheses.
Combination of common and particular characters In actual application, a regular expression combines multiple common and particular characters to match certain strings.
Specifying a Filtering Mode in Command
CAUTION
The Huawei AR1200-S Series uses a regular expression to implement the filtering function of the pipe character. A display command supports the pipe character only when there is excessive output information. When the output information is queried according to the filtering conditions, the first line of the command output starts with the information containing the regular expression. The command can carry the parameter | count to display the number of matching entries. The parameter | count can be used together with other parameters. For the commands supporting regular expressions, the three filtering methods are as follows: l l l | begin regular-expression: displays the information that begins with the line that matches regular expression. | exclude regular-expression: displays the information that excludes the lines that match regular expression. | include regular-expression: displays the information that includes the lines that match regular expression.
NOTE
The value of regular-expression is a string of 1 to 255 characters.
2.3.4 Previously-Used Commands

The CLI provides a function similar to DosKey to automatically save commands used previously on the device. If you need to run a command that has been executed, you can call the command from those have been used previously on the device. This facilitates user operation. By default, the system saves a maximum of 10 previously-used commands for each user. You can run the history-command max-size size-value command in the user view to set the number of previously-used commands saved in the system. A maximum of 256 previously-used commands can be saved in the system.
NOTE
Setting the number of saved previously-used commands to a proper value is recommended. If a large number of previously-used commands are saved, it will take a long time to locate a needed previouslyused command, affecting efficiency.
The operations are shown in Table 2-6

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Table 2-6 Access the previously-used commands Action Display previouslyused commands. Access the last previouslyused command. Access the next previouslyused command. Key or Command display historycommand Result Display previously-used commands entered by users.
Up cursor key () or Display the last previously-used command if there is an earlier previously-used command. Otherwise, Ctrl_P an alarm is generated. Down cursor key () or Ctrl_N Display the next previously-used command if there is a later previously-used command. Otherwise, the command is cleared and an alarm is generated.
NOTE
On the HyperTerminal of Windows 9X, cursor key is invalid as the HyperTerminals of Windows 9X define the keys differently. In this case, you can replace the cursor key with Ctrl_P.
When you use previously-used commands, note the following points: l l The saved previously-used commands are the same as that those entered by users. For example, if the user enters an incomplete command, the saved command also is incomplete. If the user runs the same command several times, the earliest command is saved. If the command is entered in different forms, they are considered as different commands. For example, if the display ip routing-table command is run several times, only one previously-used command is saved. If the display current-configuration command and the display ip routing-table command are run, two previously-used commands are saved.
2.4 Shortcut Keys

Using the system or user-defined shortcut keys makes it easier to enter commands.
2.4.1 Classifying Shortcut Keys

There are two types of shortcut keys, namely, system shortcut keys and user-defined shortcut keys. Familiarize yourself with shortcut keys so as to use them accurately. The shortcut keys in the system are classified into the following types: l User-defined shortcut keys: CTRL_G, CTRL_L, CTRL_O, and CTRL_U. The user can correlate these shortcut keys with any commands. When the shortcut keys are pressed, the system automatically runs the corresponding command. For details of defining the shortcut keys, see 2.4.2 Defining Shortcut Keys. System-defined shortcut keys: These shortcut keys with fixed functions are defined by the system. Table 2-7 lists the system-defined shortcut keys.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 18
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NOTE
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Different terminal software defines these keys differently. Therefore, the shortcut keys on the terminal may be different from those listed in this section.
Table 2-7 System-defined shortcut keys Key CTRL_A CTRL_B CTRL_C CTRL_D CTRL_E CTRL_F CTRL_H CTRL_N CTRL_P CTRL_W CTRL_X CTRL_Y CTRL_Z CTRL_] ESC_B ESC_D ESC_F Function The cursor moves to the beginning of the current line. The cursor moves to the left by the space of a character. Terminates the running function. Deletes the character where the cursor lies. The cursor moves to the end of the current line. The cursor moves to the right by the space of a character. Deletes one character on the left of the cursor. Displays the next command in the previously-used command buffer. Displays the previous command in the previously-used command buffer. Deletes a character string or character on the left of the cursor. Deletes all the characters on the left of the cursor. Deletes all the characters on the place of the cursor and the right of the cursor. Returns to the user view. Terminates the inbound or redirection connections. The cursor moves to the left by the space of a word. Deletes a word on the right of the cursor. The cursor moves to the right to the end of next word.
2.4.2 Defining Shortcut Keys

If one or multiple commands are frequently used, you can correlate these commands with shortcut keys. This facilitates user operation and improves efficiency. Only management-level users have the rights to define shortcut keys. Configure as follows in the system view.
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Action Define shortcut keys
Command hotkey { CTRL_G | CTRL_L | CTRL_O | CTRL_U } command-text
NOTE
When defining the shortcut keys, use double quotation marks to define the command if this command contains several commands words, that is, if spaces exist in the command.
By default, CTRL_G, CTRL_L and CTRL_O correspond to the following commands respectively: l l l CTRL_G: display current-configuration CTRL_L: undo idle-timeout CTRL_O: undo debugging all
By default, CTRL_U is not correlated with any command.

NOTE
Using the undo hotkey command, you can restore the default.
2.4.3 Use of Shortcut Keys

You can use the shortcut key at any position that allows a command to be entered. The system executes an entered shortcut key and displays the corresponding command on the screen in the same way as you enter a complete command. l If you have typed part of a command and have not pressed Enter, you can press the shortcut keys to clear the entered command and display the full corresponding command. This operation has the same effect as that of deleting all commands and then re-entering the complete command. The shortcut keys are run as the commands, the syntax is recorded to the command buffer and log for fault location and querying.
NOTE
The terminal in use may affect the functions of the shortcut keys. For example, if the customized shortcut keys of the terminal conflict with those of the router, the input shortcut keys are captured by the terminal program and hence the shortcut keys do not function.
Run the following command in any view to display the use of shortcut keys. Action Check the usage of shortcut keys. Command display hotkey
2.5 Configuration Examples

This section provides several examples for using command lines.
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2.5.1 Example for Using Tab

This example shows how to use the Tab key. After inputting an incomplete keyword, you can press Tab and obtain all related keywords or verify the correctness of the input keyword.
Context
Usually, you do not need to input complete keywords. Instead, you can just input one or a few beginning characters of a keyword and press Tab to complete the keyword. The Tab key helps search for and use commands.
Procedure
l Tab can be used in three ways as shown in the following example. The matching key word is unique after the incomplete key word is input. 1. 2. Input the incomplete key word.
[Huawei] info-
Press Tab. The system replaces the input one with the complete key word and displays it in a new line with the cursor leaving a space behind.
[Huawei] info-center
There are several matches or no match after the incomplete key word is input. # The keyword info-center can be followed by the following prefixes beginning with log.
[Huawei] info-center log? logbuffer logfile group loghost Setting of log buffer configuration <Group> logfile command Setting of logging host configuration
1. 2.
Input the incomplete key word.

[Huawei] info-center log
Press Tab. The system first displays the prefix log.

[Huawei] info-center logbuffer
Press Tab repeatedly to select a keyword. The cursor is closely following the end of the keyword.
[Huawei] info-center logfile [Huawei] info-center loghost
Stop pressing Tab after the keyword logfile that you need is displayed. 3. Input a space to enter the next word path.
[Huawei] info-center logfile path
Input an incorrect keyword and press Tab to check the correctness of the keyword. 1. 2. Input a wrong keyword loglog.
[Huawei] info-center loglog
Press Tab.
[Huawei] info-center loglog
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The system displays information in a new line, but the keyword loglog remains unchanged and there is no space between the cursor and the keyword, indicating that this keyword is inexistent. ----End
2.5.2 Example for Using Shortcut Keys

This example shows how to use shortcut keys. In this example, frequently-used commands are correlated with shortcut keys. You can press the shortcut keys instead of inputting the commands. This facilitates user operation and improves efficiency.
Context
If the login router is defined with shortcut keys, the shortcut keys can be used by any user regardless of the user level.
Procedure
Step 1 Correlate Ctrl_U with the display local-user command and run the shortcut keys.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] hotkey ctrl_u "display local-user"
NOTE
When defining shortcut keys for a command, use double quotation marks to quote the command if the command consisting of multiple words, which are separated by spaces. No double quotation marks are required for single-word commands.
Step 2 Press Ctrl_U when the prompt [Huawei] appears.

[Huawei] display local-user ---------------------------------------------------------------------------User-name State AuthMask AdminLevel ---------------------------------------------------------------------------admin A H root A A ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 2 user(s)
----End
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3 Basic Configuration
3
About This Chapter
Basic Configuration
This chapter describes how to configure the router to follow your using habits and the actual environment requirements after logging in to the router. 3.1 Configuring the Basic System Environment This section describes how to configure the basic system environment. 3.2 Displaying System Status Messages This section describes how to use display commands to check basic configurations of the current system.
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3.1 Configuring the Basic System Environment

This section describes how to configure the basic system environment.

Before configuring the basic system environment, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
Before configuring services, you need to configure the basic system environment (such as time and device name) to meet the environment requirement.
Before configuring the basic system environment, complete the following task: l Powering on the router
Data Preparation
To configure the basic system environment, you need the following data. No. 1 2 3 4 Data System time Host name Login information Command level
3.1.2 Configuring the Equipment Name

When multiple devices on the network need to be managed, you can identify them by setting an equipment name for each device.
Context
The new equipment name takes effect immediately.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view
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The system view is displayed. Step 2 Run:

sysname host-name
The equipment name is set. By default, the equipment name of the router is Huawei. You can change the name of the router that appears in the command prompt. ----End
3.1.3 Setting the System Clock

You need to set the system time properly to ensure the cooperation between the AR1200-S and other devices.
Context
The system clock displays the current time and date of the system, time zone to which the system belongs, and daylight saving time. The AR1200-S supports the configurations of the time zone and the daylight saving time. Do as follows in the user view:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
clock datetime HH:MM:SS YYYY-MM-DD
The current date and time is set. Step 2 Run:

clock timezone time-zone-name { add | minus } offset
The time zone is set. l If add is configured, the current time is the UTC time plus the time offset. That is, the default UTC time plus offset is equal to the time of time-zone-name. l If minus is configured, the current time is the UTC time minus the time offset. That is, the default UTC time minus offset is equal to the time of time-zone-name. Step 3 Run:
clock daylight-saving-time time-zone-name one-year start-time start-date end-time end-date offset
or
clock daylight-saving-time time-zone-name repeating start-time { { first | second | third | fourth | last } weekday month | start-date } end-time { { first | second | third | fourth | last } weekday month | end-date } offset [ start-year [ end-year ] ]
The daylight saving time is set. By default, the daylight saving time is not set.
During the configuration of the daylight saving time, you can configure the starting time and ending time in one of the following modes: date+date, week+week, date+week, and week+date. For details, see clock daylight-saving-time.
NOTE
When the daylight saving time is used, the clock timezone time-zone-name { add | minus } offset command can be executed to set the time zone name. The display clock command displays the daylight saving time name. After the daylight saving time is complete, the original time zone name is displayed.
----End
3.1.4 Configuring a Header

If you need to provide information for users logging in, you can configure a header that the system displays during or after login.
Context
A header text is a message displayed by the system when and after a user is logging in to the router. If you need to provide information for login users, you can configure a header that the system displays during login or after login.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

header login { information text | file file-name }
The header displayed during login is set. Step 3 Run:

header shell { information text | file file-name }
The header displayed after login is set. To display the header when the terminal connection has been activated but the user is not being authenticated, configure the parameter login. To display the header after the user logs in successfully, configure the parameter shell. If the user can log in to the router without authentication, the system directly displays the header after the login.
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CAUTION
l The header text starts and ends with the same character. After a character is input and Enter is pressed, an interactive interface is displayed. You can input the required information ended with the first character. The system then exits from the interactive interface. l If file is specified, save the file containing the header in the root directory of the default storage medium. If the file is saved in another directory, specify the full path in the file name; otherwise, the configuration fails. l If a user logs in to the router by using SSH1.X, the login header is not displayed during login, but the shell header is displayed after login. l If a user logs in to the router by using SSH2.0, both login and shell headers are displayed. ----End
3.1.5 Configuring the Undo Command to Match in the Previous View Automatically
You can run the undo command in the current view and thus the system automatically matches the previous view.
Context
If the user allows the undo command to automatically match the previous view and the user runs the undo command that is not registered in the current view, the system searches the undo command in the previous view.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

matched upper-view
The undo command is configured to match the upper level view. By default, the undo command does not match the previous view automatically.
NOTE
l The matched upper-view command is valid for current login users who run this command. l It is not recommended that you configure the undo command to automatically match the upper level view, unless necessary.
----End
3.2 Displaying System Status Messages

This section describes how to use display commands to check basic configurations of the current system.
Context
You can use the display commands to collect information about the system status. The display commands are classified according to the following functions: l l l Displays system configurations. Displays the running status of the system. Displays the diagnostic information about a system.
See the related sections for display commands for protocols and interfaces. The following part only shows the system-level display commands. Run the following commands in any view.
3.2.1 Displaying System Configuration

This section describes how to check the system version, system time, original configuration, and current configuration by using command lines.
Prerequisite
Basic configuration are complete.
Procedure
l l l l Run the display version command to display the system version. Run the display clock command to display the system time. Run the display saved-configuration command to display the original configuration. Run the display current-configuration command to display the current configuration.
NOTE
l The display version command can be used to display the software version of the system, the chassis type, and the information about the main control board and interface board. When a user runs the display current-configuration command to display configuration information, other users cannot run the same command until all the command output is displayed. l The original configuration refers to information about configuration files used by the device when the device has been powered on and is being initialized. The current configuration refers to the configuration files taking effect during the device operation. For details, see the chapter "Configuring System Startup" in the AR1200-S Basic-Configuration.
----End
3.2.2 Displaying System Status

This section describes how to check the system operating status (the configuration of the current view) by using command lines.
Prerequisite
Basic configurations are complete.
Procedure
l
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Run the display this command to display the configuration of the current view.

NOTE
When a user runs the display this command to display system status information, other users cannot run the same command until all the command output is displayed.
----End
3.2.3 Collecting System Diagnostic Information

This section describes how to collect information about all modules in the system.
Context
When the system fails to perform routine maintenance, you need to collect a lot of information to locate faults. Then, you have to run different display commands to collect all information. In this case, you can use the display diagnostic-information command to collect all information about the current running modules in the system.
Procedure
l Run:
display diagnostic-information
The system diagnosis information is displayed. The display diagnostic-information command collects all information collected by running the following commands, including display clock, display version, and so on. ----End
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4 Configuring User Interface
4
About This Chapter
Configuring User Interface
When a user logs in to the router by using the console port, the TTY port, Telnet, or SSH, the system manages the session between the user and the router on the corresponding user interface. 4.1 User Interface Overview The system supports console, and VTY user interfaces. 4.2 Configuring the Console User Interface When a user logs in to the router by using a console port for local maintenance, you can configure attributes for the corresponding console user interface are needed. 4.3 Configuring VTY User Interface If you need to log in to the router for local or remote maintenance by using Telnet or SSH, you can configure the corresponding VTY user interface as needed. 4.4 Configuring a TTY User Interface The True Type Terminal (TTY) user interface view is a command line view and is used to configure and manage physical interfaces working in asynchronous and interactive mode. 4.5 Configuration Examples This section provides examples for configuring console, TTY user interfaces, and VTY user interfaces. These configuration examples explain networking requirements, configuration roadmap, and configuration notes.
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4.1 User Interface Overview

The system supports console, and VTY user interfaces. Each user interface has a corresponding user interface view. A user interface view is a command line view provided by the system. It is used to configure and manage all the physical and logical interfaces in asynchronous mode.
User Interfaces Supported by the System

l Console port (CON) The console port is a serial port provided by the main control board of the router. The main control board provides one EIA/TIA-232 DCE console port for local configuration by directly connecting a terminal to a router. l Virtual type terminal (VTY) It is a logical terminal line. A VTY connection is set up when a router connects to a terminal by means of Telnet. It is used for local or remote access to a router. A maximum of 16 users can log in to the router by using the VTY user interface. l TTY The TTY is used to manage and monitor login users. The TTY mode is the login mode by using the asynchronous serial port.
Numbering of a User Interface

After a user logs in to the router, the system assigns an idle user interface of the smallest number to the user according to the user's login mode. You can number a user interface in the following manners: l Relative numbering The relative numbering is in the format of user interface type + number. The relative numbering is available for interfaces of a specific type. It is used only to specify one or a group of user interfaces of a specified type. Relative numbering must comply with the following rules: Number of the console port: CON 0 Number of the TTY: TTY 0 for the first line, TTY 1 for the second line, and so on Number of the VTY: VTY 0 for the first line, VTY 1 for the second line, and so on l Absolute numbering The absolute numbering is used to uniquely specify a user interface or a group of user interfaces. The number starts with 0. The ports are numbered in the sequence of CON TTY VTY. There is only one console port and 0-20 VTY interfaces (VTY interfaces 0 to 14 are provided for Telnet/SSH users and VTY interfaces 16 to 20 are provided for network management users). You can use the user-interface maximum-vty command to set the maximum number of user interfaces. The default number is five. By default, the system supports three types of user interfaces: CON, TTY, and VTY. Table 4-1 shows the absolute numbers of the user interfaces in this system.
Table 4-1 Example for the absolute numbering Absolute number 0 1 2 3 4 5 129 130 131 132 133 User-interface CON0 First TTY user interface (TTY0) Second TTY user interface (TTY1) Third TTY user interface (TTY2) Fourth TTY user interface (TTY3) Fifth TTY user interface (TTY4) First virtual interface (VTY0) Second virtual interface (VTY1) Third virtual interface (VTY2) Fourth virtual interface (VTY3) Fifth virtual interface (VTY4)
NOTE
The absolute numbers allocated for TTY and VTY interfaces are device-specific.
The numbers from 1 to 32 are reserved for the TTY user interfaces. Run the display user-interface command to view the absolute number of user interfaces.
Authentication of a User Interface

After a user is configured, the system authenticates the user during user login. There are three user authentication modes: non-authentication, password authentication, and AAA. l l l Non-authentication: In this mode, users can log in to the router without entering usernames or passwords. For security, this mode is not recommended. Password authentication: In this mode, users need to enter passwords, not usernames, during the login process. AAA authentication: In this mode, users need to enter passwords and usernames during the login process. Telnet users are usually authenticated in this mode.
Priority of a User Interface

Users that log in to the router are managed according to their levels. Similar to command levels, users are classified into 16 levels numbered 0 to 15. The greater the number, the higher the user level. The level of the command that a user can run is determined by the level of this user.
l l
In the case of non-authentication or password authentication, the level of the command that the user can run is determined by the level of the user interface. In the case of AAA authentication, the command that the user can run is determined by the level of the local user specified in the AAA configuration.
4.2 Configuring the Console User Interface

When a user logs in to the router by using a console port for local maintenance, you can configure attributes for the corresponding console user interface are needed.

Before configuring the console user interface, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
If you need to log in to the router for local maintenance by using a console port, you can configure the corresponding console user interface, including the physical attributes, terminal attributes, user priority, and user authentication mode. The preceding parameters have default values on the router and additional configuration is not needed. You can configure these parameters as needed.
Before configuring a console user interface, complete the following tasks: l Logging in to the router by using a terminal
Data Preparation
To configure a console user interface, you need the following data. No. 1 2 3 4 Data Baud rate, flow-control mode, parity, stop bit, and data bit Idle timeout period, number of lines displayed in a terminal screen, and the size of history command buffer User priority User authentication method, user name, and password
NOTE
All the default values (excluding the password and username) are stored on the router and do not need additional configuration.
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4.2.2 Setting Physical Attributes of Console User Interface

You can configure the rate, flow control mode, parity mode, stop bit, and data bit for the console port.
Context
Physical attributes of a console port have default values on the router and no additional configuration is needed.
NOTE
When a user logs in to a router through a console port, the physical attributes set for the console port on the HyperTerminal should be consistent with the attributes of the console user interface on the router. Otherwise, the user cannot log in to the router.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

user-interface console interface-number
The console user interface view is displayed. Step 3 Run:

speed speed-value
The baud rate is set. By default, the baud rate is 9600 bit/s. Step 4 Run:
flow-control { hardware | none | software }
The flow control mode is set. By default, the flow-control mode is none. Step 5 Run:
parity { even | none | odd }
The parity mode is set. By default, the value is none. Step 6 Run:
stopbits { 1.5 | 1 | 2 }
The stop bit is set. By default, the value is 1 bit. Step 7 Run:
databits { 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 }
The data bit is set.

By default, the data bit is 8. ----End
4.2.3 Setting Terminal Attributes of Console User Interface

This section describes how to set terminal attributes of the console user interface, including the user timeout disconnection function, number of lines displayed in a terminal screen, and size of the history command buffer.
Context
Terminal attributes of the console user interface have default values on the router and you can set them as needed.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view


shell
The terminal service is started. Step 4 Run:

idle-timeout minutes [ seconds ]
The idle timeout period is set. If the connection keeps idle within the timeout period, the system automatically terminates the connection. By default, the idle timeout period on the user interface is 10 minutes. Step 5 Run:
screen-length screen-length [temporary]
The length of a terminal screen is set. The parameter temporary is used to display the number of lines to be temporarily displayed on a terminal screen. By default, the length of a terminal screen is 24 lines. Step 6 Run:
history-command max-size size-value
The history command buffer is set. By default, the size of history command buffer on a user interface is 10 entries. ----End
4.2.4 Configuring User Priority of Console User Interface

This section describes how to control users' authority of logging in to the router and improve the security of managing the router by configuring the user priority.
Context
l l Similar to command levels, users are classified into 16 levels numbered 0 to 15. The greater the number, the higher the user level. This process is to set the priority for a user who logs in through the console port. A user can only use the commands with the level corresponding to the user level.
For details about command levels, see "Command Level" in the chapter "CLI Overview" of the Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view


user privilege level level
The priority of the user is set.

NOTE
l By default, users logging in through the console user interface can use commands at level 15, and users logging in through other user interfaces can use commands at level 0. l If the command level is inconsistent with the user level, the user level takes precedence.
----End
4.2.5 Configuring the User Authentication Mode of the Console User Interface
The system provides three authentication modes: AAA, password authentication, and nonauthentication. Configuring the user authentication mode can improve the security of the router.
Context
By default, the user authentication mode of the console user interface is non-authentication.
Procedure
l Configuring AAA Authentication 1. Run:
system-view
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The system view is displayed. 2. Run:

The console user interface view is displayed. 3. Run:

authentication-mode aaa
The authentication mode is set to AAA. 4. Run:

quit
Exit from the console user interface view. 5. Run:

aaa
The AAA view is displayed. 6. Run:

local-user user-name password { simple | cipher } password
Name and password of the local user are created. l Configuring Password Authentication 1. Run:
system-view


authentication-mode password
You can set the authentication mode as password authentication. 4. Run:

set authentication password { cipher | simple } password
A password for authentication is set. l Configuring Non-Authentication 1. Run:

system-view


authentication-mode none
The authentication mode is set to non-authentication. ----End

4.2.6 Checking the Configuration

After configuring the console user interface, you can view information about the user interface, physical attributes and configurations of the user interface, local user list, and online users.
Prerequisite
The configurations of the user management function are complete.
Procedure
l l l Run the display users [ all ] command to check information about the user interface. Run the display user-interface console ui-number1 [ summary ] command to check physical attributes and configurations of the user interface. Run the display local-user command to check the local user list.
----End
Example
Run the display users command, and you can view information about the current user interface.
<Huawei> display users User-Intf Delay 0 CON 0 00:00:44 Username : Unspecified Type Network Address AuthenStatus pass AuthorcmdFlag no
Run the display user-interface console ui-number1 [ summary ] command, and you can view the physical attributes and configurations of the user interface.
<Huawei> display user-interface console 0 Idx Type Tx/Rx Modem Privi ActualPrivi Auth 0 CON 0 9600 3 N + : Current UI is active. F : Current UI is active and work in async mode. Idx : Absolute index of UIs. Type : Type and relative index of UIs. Privi: The privilege of UIs. ActualPrivi: The actual privilege of user-interface. Auth : The authentication mode of UIs. A: Authenticate use AAA. N: Current UI need not authentication. P: Authenticate use current UI's password. Int : The physical location of UIs. Int -
Run the display local-user command, and you can view the local user list.
<Huawei> display local-user ---------------------------------------------------------------------------User-name State AuthMask AdminLevel ---------------------------------------------------------------------------admin A H ftp A F guest A A 15 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 3 user(s)
4.3 Configuring VTY User Interface

If you need to log in to the router for local or remote maintenance by using Telnet or SSH, you can configure the corresponding VTY user interface as needed.

Before configuring the VTY user interface, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
If you need to log in to the router for local or remote maintenance by using Telnet or SSH, you can configure the corresponding VTY user interface, including the maximum number of VTY user interfaces, limit of incoming and outgoing calls, user priority, and user authentication mode. The preceding parameters have default values on the router. You can also set these parameters as needed.
Before configuring VTY user interface, complete the following tasks: l Logging in to the router by using a terminal
Data Preparation
To configure a VTY user interface, you need the following data. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Data Maximum VTY user interfaces (Optional) ACL code to limit VTY user interface to call in and out Idle timeout period, number of characters in each line displayed in a terminal screen User priority User authentication method, user name, and password
NOTE
All the preceding parameters (excluding the ACL for limiting incoming and outgoing calls in VTY user interfaces, password, and user name) have default values on the router, and no additional configuration is needed.
4.3.2 Configuring Maximum VTY User Interfaces

This section describes how to limit the number of users logging in to the router by configuring the maximum number of VTY user interfaces.
Context
The maximum number of VTY user interfaces is the total number of users logging in to the router by using Telnet and SSH.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

user-interface maximum-vty number
The maximum VTY user interfaces that can log in to the router is set. By default, the maximum number of VTY users is 5.
NOTE
When the maximum number of VTY user interfaces is set to zero, any user (including the NMS user) cannot log in to the router by using a VTY user interface.
If the maximum number of VTY user interfaces to be configured is smaller than the maximum number of current interfaces, current online users will not be affected and no addition configuration is needed. If the maximum number of VTY user interfaces to be configured is larger than the maximum number of current interfaces, the authentication mode and password need to be configured for newly added user interfaces. For newly added user interfaces, the system defaults to password authentication. For example, a maximum of five users are allowed online. To allow 15 VTY users online at the same time, you need to run the authentication-mode command and the set authentication password command to configure authentication modes and passwords for user interfaces from VTY 5 to VTY 14. The command is run as follows:
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] user-interface maximum-vty 15 [Huawei] user-interface vty 5 14 [Huawei-ui-vty5-14] authentication-mode password [Huawei-ui-vty5-14] set authentication password cipher huawei
----End
4.3.3 (Optional)Setting Limit on Incoming and Outgoing Calls of VTY User Interfaces
This section describes how to configure an ACL to limit incoming and outgoing calls of the VTY user interface.
Context
Before setting the limit on incoming and outgoing calls of the VTY user interface, run the acl command in the system view to create an ACL and enter the ACL view. Then, run the rule command to add rules to the ACL.
NOTE
l The user interface supports the basic ACL ranging from 2000 to 2999 and the advanced ACL ranging from 3000 to 3999. l For details of ACL configuration, refer to the Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Security.
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Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

user-interface vty first-ui-number [ last-ui-number ]
The VTY user interface view is displayed. Step 3 Run:

acl acl-number { inbound | outbound }
The limits to calling in/out of VTY are configured. l When you need to prevent a user of certain address or segment address from logging in to the router, use the inbound command. l When you need to prevent a user who logs in to a router from accessing other routers, use the outbound command. ----End
4.3.4 Setting Terminal Attributes of the VTY User Interface

This section describes how to configure terminal attributes of the VTY user interface, including user idle timeout, number of lines displayed in a terminal screen, and size of the history command buffer.
Context
Terminal attributes of the VTY user interface have default values on the router and you can set them as needed.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view


shell
VTY terminal service is enabled. Step 4 Run:

User idle timeout is enabled. If the connection keeps idle within the timeout period, the system automatically terminates the connection.
By default, the timeout period is 10 minutes. Step 5 Run:

Set the size of the history command buffer. By default, a maximum number of 10 commands can be cached in the history command buffer. ----End
4.3.5 Setting User Priority of VTY User Interface

Context
l l Similar to command levels, users are classified into 16 levels numbered 0 to 15. The greater the number, the higher the user level. This process is to set the priority for a user who logs in through the console port. A user can only use the commands with the level corresponding to the user level.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view


The user priority is set. By default, users logging in through the VTY user interface can use commands at level 0.
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NOTE
If the command level configured in the VTY user interface view is inconsistent with the user priority, the user priority takes effect.
----End
4.3.6 Setting User Authentication Mode of the VTY User Interface

The system provides three authentication modes: AAA, password authentication, and nonauthentication. Configuring the user authentication mode can improve the security of the router.
Context
By default, the user authentication mode of the VTY user interface is password authentication.
Procedure
l Configuring AAA Authentication 1. Run:
system-view

The VTY user interface view is displayed. 3. Run:

The authentication mode is set to AAA. 4. Run:

quit
Exit from the VTY user interface view. 5. Run:

aaa

Name and password of the local user are created. l Configuring Password Authentication 1. Run:
system-view

The VTY user interface view is displayed. 3.

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Set the authentication mode as password. 4. Run:

A password for this authentication mode is set. l Configuring Non-Authentication 1. Do as follows on the router, run:
system-view

The VTY user interface view is displayed. 3. Run:

The authentication mode is set to none. ----End

After configuring the VTY user interface, you can view information about user interfaces, the maximum number of VTY user interfaces, and physical attributes and configurations of user interfaces.
Prerequisite
The configurations of the VTY user interface are complete.
Procedure
l l l l l Run the display users [ all ] command to check information about user interfaces. Run the display user-interface maximum-vty command to check the maximum number of VTY user interfaces. Run the display user-interface [ [ ui-type ] ui-number1 | ui-number ] [ summary ] command to check the physical attributes and configurations of user interfaces. Run the display local-user command to check the local user list. Run the display vty mode command to check the VTY mode.
----End
Example
Run the display users command, and you can view information about the current user interfaces.
<Huawei> display users User-Intf Delay Type 34 VTY 0 00:00:12 TEL Username : Unspecified + 35 VTY 1 00:00:00 TEL Username : Unspecified Network Address 10.138.77.38 10.138.77.57 AuthenStatus AuthorcmdFlag no no
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Run the display user-interface maximum-vty command, and you can view the maximum number of VTY user interfaces.
<Huawei> display user-interface maximum-vty Maximum of VTY user:15
Run the display user-interface vty [ ui-number1 | ui-number ] [ summary ] command to check the physical attributes and configurations of user interfaces.
<Huawei> display user-interface vty 0 Idx Type Tx/Rx Modem Privi ActualPrivi Auth + 34 VTY 0 14 14 N + : Current UI is active. F : Current UI is active and work in async mode. Idx : Absolute index of UIs. Type : Type and relative index of UIs. Privi: The privilege of UIs. ActualPrivi: The actual privilege of user-interface. Auth : The authentication mode of UIs. A: Authenticate use AAA. N: Current UI need not authentication. P: Authenticate use current UI's password. Int : The physical location of UIs. Int -
Run the display vty mode command, and you can view the prompt message indicating that the machine-to-machine interface is enabled. For example:
<Huawei> display vty mode current VTY mode is Machine-Machine interface
4.4 Configuring a TTY User Interface

The True Type Terminal (TTY) user interface view is a command line view and is used to configure and manage physical interfaces working in asynchronous and interactive mode.

Before configuring the TTY user interface, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
If you need to log in to the router for local maintenance by using a asynchronous serial port, you can configure the corresponding TTY user interface, including the physical attributes, terminal attributes, and user priority. The preceding parameters have default values on the router and additional configuration is not needed. You can configure these parameters as needed.
Before configuring a TTY user interface, complete the following tasks: l Logging in to the router by using a terminal
Data Preparation
To configure a TTY user interface, you need the following data. No. 1 2 3 Data Baud rate, flow-control mode, parity, stop bit, and data bit Idle timeout period, number of lines displayed in a terminal screen, and the size of history command buffer User priority
NOTE
All the default values (excluding the password and username) are stored on the router and do not need additional configuration.
4.4.2 Setting Physical Attributes of a TTY User Interface

You can configure the rate, flow control mode, parity mode, stop bit, and data bit for an asynchronous serial port.
Context
Physical attributes of an asynchronous serial port have default values on a router and no additional configuration is needed.
NOTE
l If you need to log in to a router through an asynchronous serial port, install an SA or SA board on the router. If an SA board installed, set the interface working mode to asynchronous mode on the SA board. l The Hyper Terminal and router must use the same physical attributes, including the baud rate, flow control mode, parity mode, stop bit, and data bit. If values of any attributes are different, you cannot log in to the router.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

user-interface TTY interface-number
The TTY user interface view is displayed.

After a board registers successfully and a serial port on the board is configured to work in asynchronous mode, the router generates a random TTY number for the asynchronous serial port. To view the TTY number, run the display user-interface command. Step 3 Run:
speed speed-value
The baud rate is set. By default, the baud rate is 9600 bit/s. Step 4 Run:
flow-control { hardware | none | software }
The flow control mode is set. By default, the flow-control mode is none. Step 5 Run:
parity { even | none | odd }
The parity mode is set. By default, the value is none. Step 6 Run:
stopbits { 1.5 | 1 | 2 }
The stop bit is set. By default, the value is 1 bit. Step 7 Run:
databits { 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 }
The data bit is set. By default, the data bit is 8. ----End
4.4.3 Setting Terminal Attributes of TTY User Interface

This section describes how to set terminal attributes of the TTY user interface, including the user timeout disconnection function, number of lines displayed in a terminal screen, and size of the history command buffer.
Context
Terminal attributes of the TTY user interface have default values on the router and you can set them as needed.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

user-interface tty interface-number
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The TTY user interface view is displayed. Step 3 Run:

shell
The terminal service is started. Step 4 Run:

The idle timeout period is set. If the connection keeps idle within the timeout period, the system automatically terminates the connection. By default, the idle timeout period on the user interface is 10 minutes. Step 5 Run:
The history command buffer is set. By default, the size of history command buffer on a user interface is 10 entries. ----End
4.4.4 Configuring User Priority of TTY User Interface

Context
l l Similar to command levels, users are classified into 16 levels numbered 0 to 15. The greater the number, the higher the user level. This process is to set the priority for a user who logs in through the asynchronous serial port. A user can only use the commands with the level corresponding to the user level.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view


user-interface tty interface-number
The TTY user interface view is displayed. Step 3 Run:

The priority of the user is set.

NOTE
l By default, users logging in through the TTY user interface can use commands at level 3, and users logging in through other user interfaces can use commands at level 0. l If the command level is inconsistent with the user level, the user level takes precedence.
----End
4.4.5 Configuring the Authentication Mode on a TTY User Interface

Context
By default, users are not authenticated on a TTY user interface.
Procedure
l Configuring AAA authentication 1. Run:
system-view

user-interface tty first-ui-number [ last-ui-number ]
The TTY user interface view is displayed. 3. Run:

The authentication mode is set to AAA authentication. 4. Run:

quit
Exit the TTY user interface view. 5. Run:

aaa

The local user name and password are configured. l Configuring password authentication 1. Run:
system-view
The system view is displayed.

2.
Run:

The authentication mode is set to password authentication. 4. Run:

The authentication password is configured. l Configuring non-authentication 1. Run:

system-view


The authentication mode is set to none. ----End

After configuring the TTY user interface, you can view information about the user interface, physical attributes and configurations of the user interface, local user list, and online users.
Prerequisite
The configurations of the user management function are complete.
Procedure
l l Run the display users [ all ] command to check information about the user interface. Run the display user-interface tty ui-number1 [ summary ] command to check physical attributes and configurations of the user interface.
----End
Example
<Huawei> display users User-Intf Delay 0 TTY 0 00:00:44 Username : Unspecified Type Network Address AuthenStatus AuthorcmdFlag
Run the display user-interface tty ui-number1 [ summary ] command, and you can view the physical attributes and configurations of the user interface.
<Huawei> display user-interface tty 17 Idx Type Tx/Rx Modem Privi ActualPrivi Auth Int 17 TTY 17 9600 0 N 2/0/0 + : Current UI is active. F : Current UI is active and work in async mode. Idx : Absolute index of UIs. Type : Type and relative index of UIs. Privi: The privilege of UIs. ActualPrivi: The actual privilege of user-interface. Auth : The authentication mode of UIs. A: Authenticate use AAA. N: Current UI need not authentication. P: Authenticate use current UI's password. Int : The physical location of UIs.

This section provides examples for configuring console, TTY user interfaces, and VTY user interfaces. These configuration examples explain networking requirements, configuration roadmap, and configuration notes.
4.5.1 Example for Configuring Console User Interface

This part provides an example describing how to configure the console user interface. In this configuration example, to allow a user in password authentication mode to log in to the router by using a console user interface, multiple attributes of the console user interface are set, including physical attributes, terminal attributes, user priority, user authentication mode, and password.
Networking Requirements
To initialize configurations of the router or locally maintain the router, a user can log in to the router through a console user interface. To allow the user to log in, you can set attributes of the console user interface as needed (for security reasons, for example). In the console user interface view, the password authentication mode is set (the password is huawei). After a user logs in, if the user takes no action on the router for more than 30 minutes, the connection between the user and the router is torn down.
Configuration Roadmap
The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Enter the interface view and set physical attributes of the console user interface. Set terminal attributes of the console user interface. Set the user priority of the console user interface. Set the user authentication mode and password of the console user interface.
By default, the terminal service is enabled on all the user interfaces. If the terminal service is disabled, run the shell command to enable the terminal service.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data:
l l l l l l l l l
Transmission rate of the console user interface: 4800 bit/s Flow control mode of the console user interface: None Parity of the console user interface: even Stop bit of the console user interface: 2 Data bit of the console user interface: 8 Timeout period for disconnecting from the console user interface: 30 minutes Number of lines that a terminal screen displays: 30 Size of the history command buffer: 20 User authentication mode: password (password: huawei)
Procedure
Step 1 Set physical attributes of the console user interface.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] user-interface console 0 [Huawei-ui-console0] speed 4800 [Huawei-ui-console0] flow-control none [Huawei-ui-console0] parity even [Huawei-ui-console0] stopbits 2 [Huawei-ui-console0] databits 8
Step 2 Set terminal attributes of the console user interface.

[Huawei-ui-console0] [Huawei-ui-console0] [Huawei-ui-console0] [Huawei-ui-console0] shell idle-timeout 30 screen-length 30 history-command max-size 20
Step 3 Set the user authentication mode in the console user interface to password.
[Huawei-ui-console0] authentication-mode password [Huawei-ui-console0] set authentication password simple huawei [Huawei-ui-console0] quit
After the console user interface is configured, a user in password authentication mode can log in to the router through a console port, implementing local maintenance of the router. For details on how a user logs in to the router, see the 5 Configuring User Login. ----End
Configuration Files
# sysname Huawei # user-interface con 0 authentication-mode password user privilege level 15 set authentication password simple huawei history-command max-size 20 idle-timeout 30 0 screen-length 30 databits 8 parity even stopbits 2 speed 4800 screen-length 30 # return
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4.5.2 Example for Configuring VTY User Interface

This part provides an example describing how to configure the VTY user interface. In this configuration example, to allow a user in password authentication mode to log in to the router by using Telnet, multiple attributes of the VTY user interface are set, including the maximum number of VTY user interfaces, call-in and call-out limit, terminal attributes, authentication mode, and password.
A user logs in to the router through a VTY channel by using Telnet or SSH. To allow the user login, an operator can set attributes of the VTY user interface as needed (for security reasons, for example). In the VTY user interface, the user priority is set to 15, the authentication mode is set to password, with the password of "huawei", and the user with the IP address of 10.1.1.1 is prohibitted from logging in to the router. After logging in, if the user takes no action on the router for more than 30 minutes, the connection between the user and the router is torn down.
The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Enter the interface view and set the maximum number of VTY user interfaces to 15. Set the call-in and call-out limit of the VTY user interface, limiting the access of an IP address or an IP address segment to the router. Set terminal attributes of the VTY user interface. Set the user priority in the VTY user interface. Set the authentication mode and password in the VTY user interface.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data: l l l l l l l Maximum number of VTY user interfaces: 15 ACL applied to limit call-in in the VTY user interface: 2000 Timeout period for disconnecting from the VTY user interface: 30 minutes Number of lines that a terminal screen displays: 30 Size of the history command buffer: 20 User priority: 15 User authentication mode: password, password: huawei
Procedure
Step 1 Set the maximum number of VTY user interfaces.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] user-interface maximum-vty 15
Step 2 Set the limit on call-in and call-out in the VTY user interface.
[Huawei] acl 2000
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[Huawei-acl-basic-2000] [Huawei-acl-basic-2000] [Huawei-acl-basic-2000] [Huawei] user-interface [Huawei-ui-vty0-14] acl rule deny source 10.1.1.1 0 rule permit source any quit vty 0 14 2000 inbound
Step 3 Set terminal attributes of the VTY user interface.

[Huawei-ui-vty0-14] [Huawei-ui-vty0-14] [Huawei-ui-vty0-14] [Huawei-ui-vty0-14] shell idle-timeout 30 screen-length 30 history-command max-size 20
Step 4 Set the user priority in the VTY user interface.

[Huawei-ui-vty0-14] user privilege level 15
Step 5 Set the authentication mode and password in the VTY user interface.
[Huawei-ui-vty0-14] authentication-mode password [Huawei-ui-vty0-14] set authentication password simple huawei [Huawei-ui-vty0-14] quit
After the VTY user interface is configured, a user authenticated in password mode can log in to the router by using Telnet or SSH (Stelnet), implementing local or remote maintenance of the router. For details on how a user logs in to the router, see the 5 Configuring User Login. ----End
Configuration Files
# sysname Huawei # acl number 2000 rule 5 deny source 10.1.1.1 0 # user-interface maximum-vty 15 user-interface vty 0 14 acl 2000 inbound user privilege level 15 set authentication password simple huawei history-command max-size 20 idle-timeout 30 0 screen-length 30 # return
4.5.3 Example for Configuring TTY User Interface

This document describes the configurations of the TTY user interface, including physical attributes, terminal attributes, and user priorities.
To initialize configurations of the router or locally maintain the router, a user can log in to the router through a TTY user interface. To allow the user to log in, you can set attributes of the TTY user interface. After a user logs in, if the user takes no action on the router for more than 30 minutes, the connection between the user and the router is torn down.
The configuration roadmap is as follows:
1. 2. 3.
Enter the interface view and set physical attributes of the TTY user interface. Set terminal attributes of the TTY user interface. Set the user priority of the TTY user interface.
NOTE
By default, the terminal service is enabled on all user interfaces. If the terminal service is disabled, run the shell command to enable the terminal service.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data: l l l l l l l l Transmission rate of the TTY user interface: 4800 bit/s Flow control mode of the TTY user interface: None Parity of the TTY user interface: even Stop bit of the TTY user interface: 2 Data bit of the TTY user interface: 6 Timeout period for disconnecting from the TTY user interface: 30 minutes Number of lines that a terminal screen displays: 30 Size of the history command buffer: 20
Procedure
Step 1 Set physical attributes of the TTY user interface.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] user-interface tty 0 [Huawei-ui-tty1] speed 4800 [Huawei-ui-tty1] flow-control none [Huawei-ui-tty1] parity even [Huawei-ui-tty1] stopbits 2 [Huawei-ui-tty1] databits 6
Step 2 Set terminal attributes of the TTY user interface.

[Huawei-ui-tty1] [Huawei-ui-tty1] [Huawei-ui-tty1] [Huawei-ui-tty1] shell idle-timeout 30 screen-length 30 history-command max-size 20
Step 3 Set the user priority of the TTY user interface.

[Huawei-ui-tty1] user privilege level 15
----End
Configuration Files
# sysname Huawei # user-interface TTY 1 user privilege level 15 history-command max-size 20 idle-timeout 30 0 screen-length 30 databits 6 parity even stopbits 2 speed 4800
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screen-length 30 # return
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5 Configuring User Login
5
About This Chapter
Configuring User Login
A user can log in to the router through a console port, or by using Telnet or SSH (STelnet). After the login, the user can maintain the router locally or remotely. 5.1 Overview of User Login Users can manage and maintain the router only after logging in to the router. Users can log in to the router by using the console port, Telnet, or STelnet (SSH Telnet). 5.2 Logging in to the Devices Through the Console Port When a user needs to configure the router that is powered on for the first time or locally maintain the router, the user can log in to the router through a console port. 5.3 Logging in to the Devices by Using Telnet If multiple routers need to be configured and managed, you do not need to connect the routers and maintain them locally one by one. Instead, you can log in to the routers from a terminal by using Telnet. This implements remote maintenance of the router and greatly facilitates device management. 5.4 Logging in to the Devices by Using STelnet STelnet provides secured remote access over an insecure network. After the client/server negotiation is complete and a secured connection is established, a user can log in to the router in a similar way as Telnet. 5.5 Common Operations After Login After logging in to the router, you can perform following operations as needed, such as user priority switching and terminal window locking. 5.6 Configuration Examples This section provides several examples describing how to configure user login by using a console port, Telnet, or STelnet. You can understand the configuration procedures by referring to the configuration flowchart. The configuration examples provide information about the networking requirements, configuration notes, and configuration roadmap.
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5.1 Overview of User Login

Users can manage and maintain the router only after logging in to the router. Users can log in to the router by using the console port, Telnet, or STelnet (SSH Telnet). To configure, monitor, and maintain the local or remote network devices running AR1200-S, you need to configure the user interface, the user management, and the terminal service. The user interface provides a login plane. The user management guarantees the login security and the terminal service provides related processes of login protocol. The AR1200-S supports the following login methods: l l Login through the console port Local or remote login through Telnet or STelnet
Table 5-1 User login modes Login Mode Console port Application Users log in to the router through the console port to configure the router locally. Login through the console port is required when the router is powered on for the first time. Users log in to the router by using Telnet for local and remote maintenance. Telnet helps users maintain remote devices but brings security threats. SSH (STelnet) provides security protection for users logging in to the router to maintain the router locally or remotely.
Telnet SSH (STelnet)
NOTE
Logins by using Telnet bring security risks because no secure authentication mechanism is available and data is transmitted by using TCP in plain text mode. Unlike Telnet, SSH guarantees secure data transmission on a conventional insecure network by authenticating the client and encrypting data in both directions. SSH supports security Telnet (STelnet). For detailed information about SSH, see the AR1200-S Feature Description - Basic Configurations.
5.2 Logging in to the Devices Through the Console Port

When a user needs to configure the router that is powered on for the first time or locally maintain the router, the user can log in to the router through a console port.

Before configuring user login through a console port, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This will help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
A user can log in to the router locally through a console port. If the router is powered on for the first time, the user has to log in through a console port.
Before configuring user login through a console port, complete the following tasks: l l Configuring the PC/terminal (including the serial port and RS-232 cable) Installing the terminal emulator (such as HyperTerminal of Windows XP) to the PC
Data Preparation
To configure user login through a console port, you need the following data. No. 1 Data l Transmission rate, flow control mode, parity mode, stop bit, data bit l Number of lines displayed in a terminal screen, size of the history command buffer l User priority l User authentication mode, user name, and password
5.2.2 Configuring Console User Interface

To allow users to log in to the router through a console port, configure attributes of the console user interface.
Context
Attributes of an console user interface have default values on the router, and generally need no additional settings. To meet specific application requirements or ensure network security, you can set attributes of the console user interface, such as terminal attributes and user authentication mode. For detailed settings, see Configuring Console User Interface.
5.2.3 Logging in to the router Through a Console Port

A user can log in to the router by connecting a terminal with the router through a console port.
Context
For details, see Login Through the Console Portrouter.
NOTE
l Communication parameters of the user terminal must be consistent with the physical attribute parameters of the console user interface on the router. l If a user authentication mode is specified in the console user interface, a user can log in to the router only after passing the authentication. This enhances network security.
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After a user logs in through a console port, the user can view information on the console user interface, such as use information, physical attributes and configurations, local user list, and online users.
Prerequisite
Configurations of user login through a console port are complete.
Procedure
l l l Run the display users [ all ] command to check information about the user interface. Run the display user-interface console ui-number1 [ summary ] command to check physical attributes and configurations of the user interface. Run the display local-user command to check the local user list.
----End
Example
<Huawei> display users User-Intf Delay 0 CON 0 00:00:44 Username : Unspecified Type Network Address AuthenStatus pass AuthorcmdFlag no
Run the display user-interface console ui-number1 [ summary ] command, and you can view the physical attributes and configurations of the user interface.
<Huawei> display user-interface console 0 Idx Type Tx/Rx Modem Privi ActualPrivi Auth 0 CON 0 9600 3 N + : Current UI is active. F : Current UI is active and work in async mode. Idx : Absolute index of UIs. Type : Type and relative index of UIs. Privi: The privilege of UIs. ActualPrivi: The actual privilege of user-interface. Auth : The authentication mode of UIs. A: Authenticate use AAA. N: Current UI need not authentication. P: Authenticate use current UI's password. Int : The physical location of UIs. Int -
5.3 Logging in to the Devices by Using Telnet

If multiple routers need to be configured and managed, you do not need to connect the routers and maintain them locally one by one. Instead, you can log in to the routers from a terminal by
using Telnet. This implements remote maintenance of the router and greatly facilitates device management.

Before configuring user login by using Telnet, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This will help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
If you have known the IP address of the router to be accessed, you can log in to the router from a terminal by using Telnet, and remotely maintain the device. This allows you to maintain multiple routers on the same terminal, greatly facilitating device management. Note that IP addresses of the routers need to be preset through console ports.
Before configuring user login in Telnet mode, complete the following tasks: l Configuring reachable routes between the terminal and the device
Data Preparation
Before configuring user login in Telnet mode, you need the following data. No. 1 Data l Maximum number of VTY user interfaces l (Optional) ACL for limiting call-in and call-out in VTY user interfaces l Connection timeout period of terminal users, number of lines displayed in a terminal screen, size of the history command buffer l User priority l User authentication mode, user name, password 2 3 TCP port number for the remote router to provide Telnet services, VPN instance name IPv4 address or host name of the router
5.3.2 Configuring VTY User Interface

To log in to the router by using Telnet, configure attributes of the VTY user interface.
Context
By default, the user authentication mode in the VTY user interface is password. Therefore, before a user logs in to the router by using Telnet, the user authentication mode in the VTY user interface must be set. Otherwise, the user cannot log in to the router.
You can log in to the router through a console port to set the user authentication mode in the VTY user interface. Other attributes of the VTY user interface in the router, such as terminal attributes and user priorities, can also be set as needed. These attributes, however, generally do not need to be set because they have default values. For detailed settings, see Configuring VTY User Interface.
5.3.3 (Optional) Configuring Local Telnet Users

If the user authentication mode is AAA in the VTY user interface, the access type of local users needs to be specified. Local users with the access type of Telnet are Telnet users.
Context
If the user authentication mode of the VTY user interface is non-authentication or password authentication, the following configurations are not needed. By default, a local user can apply for any access type. You can specify an access type to allow only users configured with the specified access type to log in to the router. Do as follows on the router that functions as a Telnet server:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

aaa
The AAA view is displayed. Step 3 Run:

The local user name and password are set. ----End
5.3.4 Enabling the Telnet Service

Before a terminal establishes a Telnet connection with the router, enable the Telnet server function on the router.
Context
By default, the function of the Telnet server is enabled. Do as follows on the router that serves as an Telnet server.
Procedure
Step 1 For the IPv4 network 1. Run:
system-view
2.
The system view is displayed. Run:

telnet server enable
The Telnet service is enabled. Step 2 For the IPv6 network 1. Run:
system-view
2.
The system view is displayed. Run:

telnet ipv6 server enable
The Telnet service is enabled.

NOTE
l If the undo telnet [ipv6] server enable command is run when a user logs in by using Telnet, the command does not take effect. l After the Telnet server function is disabled, you can log in to the device only using SSH or an asynchronous serial port rather than using Telnet.
----End
5.3.5 Logging in to the router by Using Telnet

After the router is configured, you can log in to the router from a terminal by using Telnet, implementing remote maintenance of the router.
Context
If you need to log in to the router by using Telnet, you can use either windows command lines or a third-party software in the terminal. In this part, the windows command line prompt is used. Do as follows on the user terminal:
Procedure
Step 1 Use the windows command line. Step 2 Run the telnet ip-address command to telnet the router. 1. Input the IP address of the Telnet server.
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2.
Press "Enter" to display the command line prompt of the system view, such as <HUAWEI>. This indicates that you have accessed the Telnet server.
----End

After users log in to the system by using Telnet, you can view the connection status of the current user interface, connection status of each user interface, and status of all established TCP connections.
Prerequisite
Configurations of logins by using Telnet are complete.
Procedure
l l l Run the display users [ all ] command to check information about logged-in users on user interfaces. Run the display tcp status command to check TCP connections. Run the display telnet server status command to check the configuration and status of the Telnet server.
----End
Example
Run the display users command to view information about the currently-used user interface.
<Huawei> display users User-Intf Delay 34 VTY 0 00:00:12 Username : Unspecified + 35 VTY 1 00:00:00 Username : Unspecified Type TEL TEL Network Address 10.138.77.38 10.138.77.57 AuthenStatus AuthorcmdFlag no no
Run the display tcp status command to view TCP connections. In the command output, Established indicates that a TCP connection has been established.

<Huawei> display tcp status TCPCB Tid/Soid Local Add:port State 39952df8 36 /1509 0.0.0.0:0 Closed 32af9074 59 /1 0.0.0.0:21 Listening 34042c80 73 /17 10.164.39.99:23 Established
Foreign Add:port 0.0.0.0:0 0.0.0.0:0 10.164.6.13:1147
VPNID 0 14849 0
Run the display telnet server status command to view the configuration and status of the Telnet server.
<Huawei> display telnet server status Telnet IPV4 server Telnet server port :Enable :23
5.4 Logging in to the Devices by Using STelnet

STelnet provides secured remote access over an insecure network. After the client/server negotiation is complete and a secured connection is established, a user can log in to the router in a similar way as Telnet.

Before configuring users to log in by using STelnet, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This will help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
Logins by using Telnet bring security risks because no secure authentication mechanism is available and data is transmitted by using TCP in plain text mode. Unlike Telnet, SSH guarantees secure data transmission on a conventional insecure network by authenticating the client and encrypting data in both directions. STelnet is a secure Telnet protocol. The SSH user can use the STelnet service in the same manner as using the Telnet service.
Before configuring users to log in by using STelnet, complete the following task: l Configuring reachable routes between the terminal and the device
Data Preparation
To configure users to log in by using STelnet, you need the following data: No. 1 Data Maximum number of VTY user interfaces, (optional) ACL for limiting call-in and call-out in VTY user interfaces, connection timeout period of terminal users, number of rows displayed in a terminal screen, size of the history command buffer, user authentication mode, user name, and password
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Data User name, password, authentication mode, and service type of an SSH user and remote public RSA key pair allocated to the SSH user (Optional) Name of an SSH server, number of the port monitored by the SSH server, preferred encryption algorithm from the STelnet client to the SSH server, preferred encrypted algorithm from the SSH server to the STelnet client, preferred HMAC algorithm from the STelnet client to the SSH server, preferred HMAC algorithm from the SSH server to the STelnet client, preferred algorithm of key exchange, name of the outgoing interface, and source address

To allow a user to log in to the router by using STelnet, configure attributes of the VTY user interface.
Context
By default, the user authentication mode in the VTY user interface is password. Therefore, before a user logs in to the router by using STelnet, the user authentication mode in the VTY user interface must be set. Otherwise, the user cannot log in to the router. You can log in to the router through a console port to set the user authentication mode in the VTY user interface. Other attributes of the VTY user interface in the router, such as terminal attributes and user priorities, can also be set as needed. These attributes, however, generally do not need to be set because they have default values. For detailed settings, see Configuring VTY User Interface.
5.4.3 Configuring SSH for the VTY User Interface

To allow users to log in to the router by using STelnet, you need to configure VTY user interfaces to support SSH.
Context
By default, user interfaces support Telnet. If no user interface is configured to support SSH, users cannot log in to the router by using STelnet. Do as follows on the router that serves as an SSH server:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

user-interface [ vty ] first-ui-number [ last-ui-number ]
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The VTY user interface is displayed. Step 3 Run:

The AAA authentication mode is configured. Step 4 Run:

protocol inbound ssh
The VTY user interface is configured to support SSH.

NOTE
If a VTY user interface is configured to support SSH, the VTY user interface must be configured with AAA authentication. Otherwise, the protocol inbound ssh command cannot be configured.
----End
5.4.4 Configuring an SSH User and Specifying STelnet as One of Service Types
To allow a user to log in to the router by using STelnet, you must configure an SSH user, configure the router to generate a local RSA key pair, configure a user authentication mode, and specify a service type for the SSH user.
Context
l l SSH users can be authenticated in four modes: RSA, password, password-rsa, and all. You must create a local user with the specified user name in the AAA view. Configuring the router to generate a local RSA key pair is a key step for SSH login. If an SSH user logs in to an SSH server in password authentication mode, configure the server to generate a local RSA key pair. If an SSH user logs in to an SSH server in RSA authentication mode, configure both the server and the client to generate local RSA key pairs.
NOTE
Password-rsa authentication requires success of both password authentication and RSA authentication. The all authentication mode requires success of either password authentication or RSA authentication.
Do as follows on the router that functions as an SSH server:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

aaa

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Name and password of the local user are created. Step 4 Run:
quit
Quit the AAA view. Step 5 Run:

rsa local-key-pair create
A local RSA key pair is generated.

NOTE
l Before performing the other SSH configurations, you must configure the rsa local-key-pair create command to generate a local key pair. l After generating the local key pair,you can perform the display rsa local-key-pair public command to view the public key in the local key pair.
Step 6 Run:
ssh user user-name authentication-type { password | rsa | password-rsa | all }
The authentication mode for SSH users is configured. Perform the following as required: l Authenticate the SSH user through the password. Run:
ssh user user-name authentication-type password
The password authentication is configured for the SSH user. l Authenticate the SSH user through RSA. 1. Run:
ssh user user-name authentication-type rsa
The RSA authentication is configured for the SSH user. 2. Run:

rsa peer-public-key key-name
The public key view is displayed. 3. Run:

public-key-code begin
The public key editing view is displayed. 4. Run:

hex-data
The public key is edited.

NOTE
l In the public key view, only hexadecimal strings complying with the public key format can be typed in. Each string is randomly generated on an SSH client. For detailed operations, see manuals for SSH client software. l After the public key editing view is displayed, the RSA public key generated on the client can be sent to the server. Copy the RSA public key to the router that serves as the SSH server.
5.
Run:
public-key-code end
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Quit the public key editing view. l If the specified hex-data is invalid, the public key cannot be generated after the peerpublic-key end command is run. l If the specified key-name is deleted in other views, the system prompts that the key does not exist after the peer-public-key end command is run and the system view is displayed. 6. Run:
peer-public-key end
Return to the system view from the public key view. 7. Run:
ssh user user-name assign rsa-key key-name
The public key is assigned to the SSH user. Step 7 (Optional) Configuring the Basic Authentication Information for SSH Users 1. Run:
ssh server rekey-interval interval
The interval for updating the server key pair is configured. By default, the interval for updating the key pair of the SSH server is 0 that indicates no updating. 2. Run:
ssh server auth-timeout timeout_interval
The timeout period of the SSH authentication is set. By default, the timeout period is 60 seconds. 3. Run:
ssh server authentication-retries auth-times
The number of retry times of the SSH authentication is set. By default, the retry times is 3. ----End
5.4.5 Enabling the STelnet Server Function

To allow users to log in to the router by using STelnet, you must enable the STelnet server function on the router.
Context
By default, no router is enabled with the STelnet server function. Users can establish connections to the router by using STelnet only after the router is enabled with the STelnet server function. Do as follows on the router that serves as an SSH server:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view
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stelnet server enable
The STelnet server function is enabled. By default, the STelnet server function is disabled. ----End
5.4.6 (Optional) Configuring the STelnet Server Parameters

You can configure a device to be compatible with the SSH protocol of earlier versions, configure or change the listening port number of an SSH server, set an interval at which the key pair of the SSH server is updated, and specify the source interface.
Context
Table 5-2 lists server parameters. Table 5-2 Server parameters Server Parameter Earlier SSH version compatibility Description SSH has two versions: SSH1.X (earlier than SSH2.0) and SSH2.0. Compared with SSH1.X, SSH2.0 is extended in structure and supports more authentication modes and key exchange methods. SSH2.0 also supports more advanced services such as SFTP. The Huawei AR1200-S Series supports SSH versions ranging from 1.3 to 2.0. After the interval is set, the key pair of the SSH server is updated periodically to improve security.
Interval at which the key pair of the SSH server is updated
Do as follows on the router that serves as an SSH server:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view
The system view is displayed. Step 2 Perform one or more operations shown in Table 5-3 as needed.
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Table 5-3 Configurations of server parameters Server Parameter Earlier SSH version compatibility Operation Run the ssh server compatible-ssh1x enable command. By default, an SSH server running SSH2.0 is compatible with SSH1.X. To prevent clients running SSH1.3 to SSH1.99 to log in, run the undo ssh server compatible-ssh1x enable command to disable the system from supporting earlier SSH protocol versions. Run the ssh server rekey-interval rekey-interval command. By default, the interval is 0, indicating that the key pair will never be updated.
Interval at which the key pair of the SSH server is updated
----End
5.4.7 Logging in to the router by Using STelnet

After the router is configured, a user can log in to the router from a terminal by using STelnet, implementing remote maintenance of the router.
Context
In STelnet login mode, a third-party software can be used in the terminal. In this part, the thirdparty software OpenSSH and windows command line are used. After installing OpenSSH in the user terminal, do as follows on the user terminal:
NOTE
For details on how to install OpenSSH, refer to the installation guide of the software. For details on how to use OpenSSH commands to log in to the router, refer to the help document of the software.
Procedure
Step 1 Use the windows command line. Step 2 Run relevant OpenSSH commands to log in to the router in STelnet mode.
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----End

After configuring users to log in by using STelnet, you can view the SSH server configuration.
Prerequisite
Configurations of logins by using STelnet are complete.
Procedure
l l l Run the display ssh user-information username command on the SSH server to check information about SSH users. Run the display ssh server status command on the SSH server to check its configurations. Run the display ssh server session command on the SSH server to check sessions for SSH users.
----End
Example
Run the display ssh user-information username command to view information about a specified SSH user.
<Huawei> display ssh user-information client001
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------Username Auth-type User-public-key-name ------------------------------------------------------------------------------guest password null rsa rsa RsaKey001 password password null -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If no SSH user is specified, information about all SSH users logging in to an SSH server will be displayed. Run the display ssh server status command to view configurations of an SSH server.
<Huawei> display ssh server status SSH version :1.99 SSH connection timeout :60 seconds SSH server key generating interval :0 hours SSH Authentication retries :3 times SFTP Server :Enable Stelnet server :Enable
Run the display ssh server session command. The command output shows that the session information between SSH server and client.
<Huawei> display ssh server Session 1: Conn Version State Username Retry CTOS Cipher STOC Cipher CTOS Hmac STOC Hmac Kex Service Type Authentication Type session : : : : : : : : : : : : VTY 3 2.0 started client001 1 aes128-cbc aes128-cbc hmac-md5 hmac-md5 diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1 stelnet password
5.5 Common Operations After Login

After logging in to the router, you can perform following operations as needed, such as user priority switching and terminal window locking.

Before performing operations after login, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
To ensure that the operator manages routers safely, you need to configure the switching of user levels, and enable message sending between user interfaces.
Before performing operations after login, complete the following tasks: l
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Connecting the terminal to the router

Data Preparations
Before performing operations after login, you need the following data: No. 1 2 3 Data Password used for switching user levels Type and number of the user interface Contents of the message to be sent
5.5.2 Switching User Levels

If a user wants to upgrade from a lower level to a higher level after logging in to the router, a password is required. The password needs to be configured in advance.
Context
To prevent an unauthorized user from using high-level commands, a password is required to increase the user level.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

super password [ level user-level ] { simple | cipher } password
The password for switching user levels is configured. By default, the password for the user is set to Level 3.
CAUTION
If simple is configured, the password is saved in the configuration file in plain text. This means that low-level login users can easily obtain and change the password by checking the configuration file, compromising the network security. Therefore, selecting cipher to save the password in the cipher text is recommended. If cipher is used to set the password, the password cannot be obtained from the system. Save the password to avoid oblivion or missing. Step 3 Run:
quit
Return to the user view. Step 4 Run:


super [ level ]
User levels are switched. By default, the level is 3. Step 5 Follow the prompt and enter a password. If the password entered is correct, the user can switch to a higher level. If the user enters a password incorrectly for three consecutive times, the user remains at the current login level and returns to the user view.
NOTE
When the login user of lower level is switched to the user of higher level through the super command, the system automatically sends trap messages and records the switchover in a log. When the switched level is lower than that of the current level, the system only records the switchover in a log.
----End
5.5.3 Locking User Interfaces

When you leave the operation terminals for a moment, you can lock the user interface to prevent unauthorized users from operating the interface.
Context
The user interface can be classified into the Console user interface and VTY user interface.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
lock
The user interface is locked. Step 2 Follow the system prompt and input an unlock password, and then confirm the input.
<Huawei> lock Enter Password: Confirm Password:
If the locking is successful, the system prompts that the user interface is locked. You must enter a correct password to unlock the user interface. ----End
5.5.4 Sending Messages to Other User Interfaces

Messages can be exchanged between the current user interface and other user interfaces.
Context
Users logging in to the router can send messages from the current user interface to users in other user interfaces as needed.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
send { all | ui-type ui-number | ui-number1 }
You can enable message sending between user interfaces. Step 2 Following the prompt, you can view the message to be sent. You can press Ctrl_Z or Enter to end the display, and press Ctrl_C to abort the display. Step 3 At the system prompt, enter Y to send the message or enter N to cancel message sending. ----End
5.5.5 Displaying Logged-in Users

After users log in, you can query information about logged-in users.
Context
User information includes the user name, address, and authentication and authorization information.
Procedure
l Run the display users [ all ] command to view information about logged-in users. If all is configured, information about logged-in users on all user interfaces is displayed. ----End

This section provides several examples describing how to configure user login by using a console port, Telnet, or STelnet. You can understand the configuration procedures by referring to the configuration flowchart. The configuration examples provide information about the networking requirements, configuration notes, and configuration roadmap.
5.6.1 Example for Configuring User Login Through a Console Port

This part provides an configuration example describing how to configure user login through a console port. In this configuration example, certain login settings are performed on the PC, enabling the access to the router through a console port.
If a user modifies default values of certain parameters in the console user interface, the user needs to reset corresponding parameters in the PC when logging in to the router through the console port next time. Figure 5-1 Networking diagram of user login through a console port
PC
Router
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1. 2. 3. Connect a PC to the router through a console port. Perform login settings on the PC. Log in to the router.
NOTE
In this example, a terminal emulator is used.
Data Preparation
Communication parameters of the PC (baud rate: 4800 bps, data bit: 6, parity: even, stop bit: 2, flow control mode: none)
Procedure
Step 1 Establish the configuration environment by connecting the serial port of the PC to the console port of the router through standard RS-232 cable. Step 2 Start a terminal emulator on the PC, and set the communication parameters of the PC, as shown in Figure 5-2 to Figure 5-4. Figure 5-2 Connection creation
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Figure 5-3 Interface setting
Figure 5-4 Communication parameter setting
Step 3 Power on the router and wait for the completion of the self-check. After the router starts normally and finishes the self-check, the system prompts you to press Enter.
Wait till the prompt (mostly the <Huawei>) appears, and then you can use a command to view the running status of the router or configure the router. ----End
5.6.2 Example for Logging In by Telnet

In this example, you can set user login parameters to log in to the router from the PC or other terminals using Telnet.
You can log in to the router on other network segments through the PC or other terminals to perform remote maintenance. Figure 5-5 Establishing the configuration environment over the WAN
Eth1/0/0 202.38.160.92/16 WAN PC Router Target Router
The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. Establish the physical connection. Set user login parameters. Log in to the router from the client side.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data l l l l IP address of the PC IP address of the Ethernet interface on the router User information (including the user name, password, and authentication mode) Reachable route between the PC and target router
Procedure
Step 1 Connect the PC and the router to the network. Step 2 Set login user parameters on the target router. # Configure the login address.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/0 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ip address 202.38.160.92 255.255.0.0 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
# Configure the login authentication mode

[Huawei] aaa [Huawei-aaa] local-user huawei password cipher hello [Huawei-aaa] local-user huawei service-type telnet [Huawei-aaa] local-user huawei privilege level 3 [Huawei-aaa] quit [Huawei] user-interface vty 0 4 [Huawei-ui-vty0-14] authentication-mode aaa
Step 3 Configure the client login. Run the Telnet on the PC, as shown in Figure 5-6. Figure 5-6 Running the Telnet program on the PC
Click OK. Enter the user name and password in the login window. After authentication, a command line prompt such as <Huawei> appears. Enter the configuration environment in the user view. ----End
5.6.3 Example for Configuring User Login by Using STelnet

This part provides an example describing how to configure user login by using STelnet.. In this example, after generating the local key pair on the SSH server, configuring the name and password of the SSH user on the SSH server, and enabling the STelnet service on the SSH server, you can connect the Stelnet client to the SSH server.
As shown in Figure 5-7, after the STelnet service is enabled on the SSH server, the STelnet client can log in to the SSH server with the password, RSA, password-rsa, or all authentication mode. In this configuration example, the password authentication mode is used.
Figure 5-7 Networking diagram of configuring user login by using STelnet

G E 1 /0 /0 1 0 .1 3 7 .2 1 7 .2 2 3 /1 6 S S H S e rv e r
N e tw o rk PC
The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Configure a local key pair on the SSH server for secure data exchange between the STelnet client and the SSH server. Configure the VTY user interface on the SSH server. Configure an SSH client, which involves the setting of the user authentication mode, user name, and password. Enable the STelnet server function on the SSH server and configure a user service type.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data: l l l SSH user authentication mode: password, user name: client001, password: huawei User level of client001: 3 IP address of the SSH server: 10.137.217.223
Procedure
Step 1 Generate a local key pair on the server.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname SSH Server [SSH Server] rsa local-key-pair create The key name will be: Huawei_Host The range of public key size is (512 ~ 2048). NOTES: If the key modulus is greater than 512, It will take a few minutes. Input the bits in the modulus[default = 512]: 768 Generating keys... .......++++++++++++ ..........++++++++++++ ...................................++++++++ ......++++++++
Step 2 Configure the VTY user interface.

[SSH [SSH [SSH [SSH Server] user-interface vty 0 4 Server-ui-vty0-4] authentication-mode aaa Server-ui-vty0-4] protocol inbound ssh Server-ui-vty0-4] quit
NOTE
If SSH is configured as the login protocol, the AR1200-S automatically disables Telnet.
Step 3 Configure the password of the SSH user Client001 to huawei.

[SSH Server] aaa
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[SSH [SSH [SSH [SSH Server-aaa] Server-aaa] Server-aaa] Server-aaa] local-user client001 password cipher huawei local-user client001 privilege level 3 local-user client001 service-type ssh quit
Step 4 Verify the configuration. # Log in the SSH server by using OpenSSH.
----End
Configuration Files
l Configuration file of the SSH server
# sysname SSH Server # aaa local-user client001 password cipher huawei local-user client001 privilege level 3 local-user client001 service-type ssh # interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 ip address 10.137.217.223 255.255.0.0 # ssh user client001 authentication-type password # user-interface vty 0 4 authentication-mode aaa protocol inbound ssh # return
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6 Managing File System
6
About This Chapter
Managing File System
The file system manages the files and directories in the storage devices on the router. It can move and delete a file or directory and display the contents of the file. 6.1 File System Overview The router effectively manages all files by means of the file system. 6.2 Performing File Operations by Means of the File System Users can perform file operations by means of the file system, including managing storage devices, directories, and files. 6.3 Performing File Operations by Means of FTP FTP can transmit files between local and remote hosts, and is widely used for version upgrade, log downloading, file transmission, and configuration saving. 6.4 Performing File Operations by Means of SFTP SFTP enables users to log in to the router securely from the remote device to manage files. This improves the security of data transmission for the remote end to update its system. 6.5 Configuration Examples This section provides an example for performing files by accessing the system and using FTP or SFTP.These configuration examples explain networking requirements, configuration roadmap, and configuration notes.
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6.1 File System Overview

The router effectively manages all files by means of the file system.
6.1.1 File System

The file system manages the files and directories in the storage devices. It can create, delete, modify, and rename a file or directory and display the contents of the file. The file system has two functions: managing the storage devices and managing the files that are stored in those storage devices.
Performing File Operations by Means of the File System

After logging in to the router by using the console port, Telnet, or STelnet, you can manage storage devices, directories, and files. l Storage Devices Storage devices are hardware devices for storing messages. At present, the router supports the storage devices such as flash memory and USB disk. l l Files The file is a mechanism with which the system stores and manages messages. Directories The directory is a mechanism with which the system integrates and organizes the file, serving as a logical container of the file.
6.1.2 Methods of File Management

You can manage files by means of the file system, FTP or SFTP.
Performing File Operations by Means of FTP

You can configure the router as the FTP server, and log in to the router from the user terminal to transmit files and manage directories on the FTP server.
Performing File Operations by Means of SFTP

SSH supports Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), which enables users to remotely and securely log in to the router to manage files. SSH guarantees secure data transmission on a conventional insecure network by authenticating the client and encrypting data in both directions. Table 6-1 File management methods File Management Method Logging in to the system Implementation You can log in to the system through the Console or by using Telnet or STelnet to manage files.
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File Management Method FTP
Implementation The router needs to be enabled with FTP. Most terminals support the FTP client function. l SFTP provides secure file transfer services based on SSH, irrelevant to the standard FTP protocol. l The router needs to be enabled with SFTP. Terminals need to be installed with the SFTP client software.
SFTP
6.2 Performing File Operations by Means of the File System

Users can perform file operations by means of the file system, including managing storage devices, directories, and files.

Before performing file operations by means of the file system, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration tasks quickly and accurately.
When the router fails to save or obtain data, you can log in to the file system to repair the faulty storage devices or manage files or directories on the router. You can especially manage storage devices by logging in to the file system.
Before performing file operations by logging in to the file system, complete the following tasks: l Connecting the client with the server correctly
Data Preparation
To perform file operations by logging in to the file system, you need the following data: No. 1 2 3 Data Storage device name Directory name File name
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6.2.2 Managing Storage Devices

When the file system of the storage devices on the router functions abnormally, you need to repair and format the file system before managing the storage devices.
Context
When the file system on a storage device fails, the terminal of the router prompts you to rectify the fault.
NOTE
The storage devices can be flash memory, or USB flash drive. The router has a built-in flash memory. The router provides two reserved USB slots (usb0 and usb1). Only Huawei-certified storage devices can be used.
You can format a storage device when you fail to repair the file system or you do not need any data saved on the storage device.
CAUTION
Formatting storage devices may lead to data loss. Therefore, exercise caution when perform this operation.
Procedure
l Run:
fixdisk device-name
The storage devices with file system troubles is repaired.

NOTE
After this command is run, if the prompt that the system should be repaired is still received, it indicates that the physical medium may be damaged.
Run:
format device-name
The storage device is formatted.

NOTE
If the storage device cannot work after running the format device-name command, a fault may occur to the hardware.
----End
6.2.3 Managing the Directory

You can manage directories to logically store files in hierarchy.
Context
You can manage directories by changing and displaying directories, displaying files in directories and sub-directories, and creating and deleting directories.
Procedure
l Run:
cd { directory | device-name }
A directory is specified. l Run:

pwd
The current directory is displayed. l Run:

dir [ /all ] [ filename ] [ device-name ]
The file and sub-directory list in the directory is displayed. l Run:

mkdir { directory | device-name }
The directory is created. l Run:

rmdir { directory | device-name }
The directory is deleted. ----End
6.2.4 Managing Files

You can log in to the file system to view, delete, or rename the files on the router.
Context
l Managing files include: displaying contents, copying, moving, renaming, compressing, deleting, undeleting, deleting files in the recycle bin, running files in batch and configuring prompt modes. You can run the cd { directory | device-name } command to enter the required directory from the current directory.
Procedure
l Run:
more [ /binary ] { filename | device-name } [ offset ] [ all ]
The content of the file is displayed. By specifying parameters in the more command, you can view files flexibly: By running the more file-name command, you can view the file named file-name. Contents of a text file are displayed screen after screen. If you hold and press the spacebar on the current terminal, all contents of the current file can be displayed. There are two preconditions if you want to display the contents of a text file screen after screen: The value configured by screen-length screen-length temporary command must be larger than 0. The total lines of the file must be larger than the value configured by screenlength command.
By running the more file-name offset command, you can view the file named filename. Contents of a text file are displayed from the line specified by offset screen after screen. If you hold and press the spacebar on the current terminal, all contents of the current file can be displayed. There are two preconditions if you want to display the contents of a text file screen after screen: The value configured by screen-length screen-length command must be larger than 0. The result of the number of file characters subtracted by the value of offset must be larger than the value configured by screen-length command. By running the more file-name all command, you can view the file named file-name. Contents of a text file are completely displayed without pausing after each screenful of information. l Run:
copy source-filename destination-filename
The file is copied.

NOTE
The file to be copied must be larger than 0 bytes. Otherwise, the operation fails.
Run:
move source-filename destination-filename
The file is moved. l Run:

rename source-filename destination-filename
The file is renamed. l Run:

zip source-filename destination-filename
The file is compressed. l Run:

delete [ /unreserved ] [ /force ] { filename | device-name } [ all ]
The file is deleted. If you use the parameter [ /unreserved ] in the delete command, the file cannot be restored after being deleted. l Run:
undelete filename
The deleted file is recovered.

NOTE
If the current directory is not the parent directory, you must operate the file by using the absolute path.
Run:
reset recycle-bin [ filename ]
The file is deleted. You can permanently delete files in the recycle bin.
Running Files in Batch You can upload the files and then process the files in batches. The edited batch files need to be saved in the storage devices on the router. When the batch file is created, you can run the batch file to implement routine tasks automatically. 1. Run:
system-view

execute filename
The batched file is executed. l Configuring Prompt Modes The system displays prompts or warning messages when you operate the device (especially the operations leading to data loss). If you need to change the prompt mode for file operations, you can configure the prompt mode of the file system. 1. Run:
system-view

file prompt { alert | quiet }
The prompt mode of the file system is configured. By default, the prompt mode is alert.
CAUTION
If the prompt is in the quiet mode, no prompt appears for data lossdue to maloperation. ----End
6.3 Performing File Operations by Means of FTP

FTP can transmit files between local and remote hosts, and is widely used for version upgrade, log downloading, file transmission, and configuration saving.

Before performing file operations by means of FTP, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
When the router serves as the FTP server, after the client logs in to the router through FTP, the user can transfer files between the client and the server.
Before performing file operations by means of FTP, complete the following task: l Connecting the FTP client to the server
Data Preparation
To perform file operations by means of FTP, you need the following data:
NOTE
For FTP secure server connection, perform step 2.
No. 1 2 3
Data FTP user name and password, File directory authorized to the FTP user (Optional) Listening port number specified on the FTP server (Optional) Source IP address or source interface of the FTP server (Optional) Timeout period of the disconnection from the FTP server
IP address or host name of the FTP server
6.3.2 Configuring a Local FTP User

You can configure the authorization mode and authorization directory for FTP users. In this case, unauthorized users cannot access the specific directory, which guarantees the security.
Context
To perform file operations by means of FTP, you need to configure a local user name and a password on the router and specify the service type and the directories that can be accessed. Otherwise, you cannot access the router by using FTP. Do as follows on the router that serves as the FTP server:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

set default ftp-directory directory
The default FTP working directory is configured.


NOTE
The configuration in this step is valid for only TACACS users.
Step 3 Run:
aaa

The local user name and the password are configured. Step 5 Run:
local-user user-name ftp-directory directory
The authorization directory about the FTP user is configured. ----End
6.3.3 (Optional) Specifying a Port Number for the FTP Server

You can configure or change the monitoring port number of the FTP server. After the port number is changed, only the user knows the current port number, which guarantees the security.
Context
By default, the listening port number of an FTP server is 21. Users can directly log in to the router by using the default listening port number. Attackers probably access the default listening port, reducing available bandwidth, affecting performance of the server, and causing valid users unable to access the server. After the listening port number of the FTP server is changed, attackers do not know the new listening port number. This effectively prevents attackers from accessing the listening port.
NOTE
If the FTP is not enabled, change the FTP port as required. If the FTP service is enabled, run the undo ftp server command to disable the FTP service, and then change the FTP port.
Do as follows on the router that serves as the FTP server:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

ftp server port port-number
The port number of the FTP server is configured. If a new number of a monitored port is configured, the FTP server interrupts all the FTP connections and monitors the port of the new number. ----End
6.3.4 Enabling the FTP Server

Before using FTP to perform file operations, you need to enable the FTP sever on the router.
Context
By default, the FTP server is disabled on the router. Therefore, you must enable the FTP server before using FTP. Do as follows on the router that serves as the FTP server:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

ftp server enable
The FTP server is enabled.

NOTE
When the file operation between clients and the router ends, run the undo ftp server command to disable the FTP server function. This ensures the security of the router.
----End
6.3.5 (Optional) Configuring the FTP Server Parameters

The FTP server parameters include the source address of the FTP server and the timeout period for FTP connection.
Context
l l You can configure a source IP address for the FTP server. This limits the destination address that the client can access and therefore guarantee the security. You can configure the timeout period for FTP connections on the FTP server. When the timeout period of an FTP connection expires, the system breaks the connection to release resources.
Do as follows on the router that serves as the FTP server:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

ftp server-source { -a ip-address | -i interface-type interface-number }
The source IP address and source interface of an FTP server is configured.

To log in to the FTP server, you must specify the same source IP address in the ftp command. Otherwise, you cannot log in to the FTP server. Step 3 Run:
ftp timeout minutes
The timeout period of the FTP server is configured. If the client is idle for the configured time, the connection is removed from the FTP server. By default, the timeout value is 30 minutes. ----End
6.3.6 (Optional) Configuring an FTP ACL

After an FTP ACL is configured, only the specified clients can access the devicerouter.
Context
When the routerdevice functions as an FTP server, you can configure an ACL to allow the clients that meet the matching rules to access the FTP server. Do as follows on the router that serves as the FTP server:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

acl acl-number
The ACL view is displayed. Step 3 Run:

rule [ rule-id ] { deny | permit } [ { fragment | none-first-fragment } | source { source-address source-wildcard | any } | time-range time-name ] *
The ACL rule is configured.

NOTE
FTP supports only the basic ACL.
Step 4 Run:
quit
Return the system view. Step 5 Run:

ftp acl acl-number
The basic FTP ACL is configured. ----End

6.3.7 Accessing the System by Using FTP

After the FTP server is configured, you can access the router from the PC by using FTP to manage the files on the router.
Context
If you need to log in to the router by using FTP, you can use either windows command line prompt or a third-party software. Here uses the windows command line prompt as an example. Do as follows on the PC:
Procedure
Step 1 Use the windows command line. Step 2 Run the ftp ip-address command to log in to the router by using FTP. Enter the user name and password at the prompt, and press Enter. When the windows command line prompts are displayed in the FTP client view, such as ftp>, you have entered the working directory of the FTP server.
----End
6.3.8 Performing File Operations by Using FTP Commands

After logging in to the router that functions as an FTP server by using FTP, you can upload files to or download files from the router, and manage the directories on the router.
Context
After logging in to the FTP server, you can perform the following operations: l l l
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Configuring data type for the file Uploading or downloading files Creating directories on or deleting directories from the FTP server
Displaying information about a specified remote directory or a file of the FTP server, or deleting a specified file from the FTP server
After logging in to the FTP server and entering the FTP client view, you can perform the following one or more operations:
Procedure
l Configuring data type and transmission mode for the file. Run:
ascii or binary
The data type of the file to be transmitted is ascii or binary mode.

NOTE
FTP supports the ASCII type and the binary type. Their differences are as follows: l In ASCII transmission mode, ASCII characters are used to separate carriage returned from line feeds. l In binary transmission mode, characters can be transferred without format conversion or formatting. The selection of the FTP transmission mode is client-customized. The system defaults to the ASCII transmission mode. The client can use a mode switch command to switch between the ASCII mode and the binary mode. The ASCII mode is used to transmit .txt files and the binary mode is used to transmit binary files.
Upload or download files. Upload or download a file. Run:

put local-filename [ remote-filename ]
The local file is uploaded to the remote FTP server. Run:

get remote-filename [ local-filename ]
The FTP file is downloaded from the FTP server and saved to the local file. l Run one or more commands in the following order to manage directories. Run:
cd pathname
The working path of the remote FTP server is specified. Run:

pwd
The specified directory of the FTP server is displayed. Run:

lcd [ local-directory ]
The directory of the FTP client is displayed or changed. Run:

mkdir remote-directory
A directory is created on the FTP server. Run:

rmdir remote-directory
A directory is removed from the FTP server.

Run one or more commands in the following to manage files. Run:

ls [ remote-filename ] [ local-filename ]
The specified directory or file on the remote FTP server is displayed. If the directory name is not specified when a specific remote file is selected, the system searches the working directory for the specific file. Run:
dir [ remote-filename ] [ local-filename ]
The specified directory or file on the local FTP server is displayed. If the directory name is not specified when a specific remote file is selected, the system searches the working directory for the specific file. Run:
delete remote-filename
The specified file on the FTP server is deleted. If the directory name is not specified when a specific remote file is selected, the system searches the working directory for the specific file. When local-filename is set, related information about the file can be downloaded locally.
NOTE
If you need other FTP operations,you can perform the help [ command ] command to get help in the Windows command line.
----End

After configuring a router to be the FTP server, you can view the configuration and status of the FTP server as well as information about login FTP users.
Prerequisite
The configuration of the Router to be the FTP Server are complete.
Procedure
l l Run the display ftp-server the configuration and running information about the FTP server. Run the display ftp-users command to check the login FTP user.
----End
Example
After configuring the FTP server, run the display ftp-server command. You can view that the FTP server is working.
<Huawei> display ftp-server FTP server is running Max user number User count Timeout value(in minute) Listening Port Acl number FTP server's source address
5 0 30 21 0 1.1.1.1
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Run the display ftp-users command to view the user name, port number, authorization directory of the FTP user configured presently.
<Huawei> display ftp-users username host zll 100.2.150.226 port 1383 idle 3 topdir flash:
6.4 Performing File Operations by Means of SFTP

SFTP enables users to log in to the router securely from the remote device to manage files. This improves the security of data transmission for the remote end to update its system.

Before performing file operations by using SFTP, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
SSH guarantees secure data transmission on a conventional insecure network by authenticating the client and encrypting data in both directions. SSH supports SFTP. SFTP is a secure FTP service and enables users to log in to the FTP server for data transmission.
Before performing file operations by using SFTP, complete the following task: l Configuring reachable routes between the terminal and the device
Data Preparation
Before performing file operations by using SFTP, you need the following data. No. 1 Data Maximum number of VTY user interfaces, (optional) ACL for limiting call-in and call-out in VTY user interfaces, connection timeout period of terminal users, number of rows displayed in a terminal screen, size of the history command buffer, user authentication mode, user name, and password User name, password, authentication mode, and service type of an SSH user and remote public RSA key pair allocated to the SSH user, SFTP working directory of the SSH user (Option) Number of the port monitored by the SSH server (Option) The interval for updating the key pair on the SSH server
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No. 4
Data Name of the SSH server,Number of the port monitored by the SSH server,Preferred encrypted algorithm from the SFTP client to the SSH server,Preferred encrypted algorithm from the SSH server to the SFTP client,Preferred HMAC algorithm from the SFTP client to the SSH server,Preferred HMAC algorithm from the SSH server to the SFTP client,Preferred algorithm of key exchange,Name of the outgoing interface,Source address Directory name and File name

To allow a user to log in to the router by using SFTP, you need to configure attributes of the VTY user interface.
Context
By default, the user authentication mode in the VTY user interface is password. Therefore, before a user logs in to the router by using SFTP, the user authentication mode in the VTY user interface must be set. Otherwise, the user cannot log in to the router. Other attributes of the VTY user interface in the router, such as terminal attributes and user priorities, can also be set as needed. These attributes, however, generally do not need to be set because they have default values. For detailed settings, see Configuring VTY User Interface.
6.4.3 Configuring SSH for the VTY User Interface

To allow users to log in to the router by using SFTP, you need to configure VTY user interfaces to support SSH.
Context
By default, user interfaces support Telnet. If no user interface is configured to support SSH, users cannot log in to the router by using SFTP.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

user-interface [ vty ] first-ui-number [ last-ui-number ]
The VTY user interface is displayed. Step 3 Run:

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The AAA authentication mode is configured. Step 4 Run:

protocol inbound ssh
The VTY user interface is configured to support SSH.

NOTE
If a VTY user interface is configured to support SSH, the VTY user interface must be configured with AAA authentication. Otherwise, the protocol inbound ssh command cannot be configured.
----End
6.4.4 Configuring an SSH User and Specifying SFTP as One of Service Types
To allow a user to log in to the router by using SFTP, you must configure an SSH user, configure the router to generate a local RSA key pair, configure a user authentication mode, specify a service type and authorized directory for the SSH user.
Context
l l SSH users can be authenticated in four modes: RSA, password, password-rsa, and all. You must create a local user with the specified user name in the AAA view. Configuring the router to generate a local RSA key pair is a key step for SSH login. If an SSH user logs in to an SSH server in password authentication mode, configure the server to generate a local RSA key pair. If an SSH user logs in to an SSH server in RSA authentication mode, configure both the server and the client to generate local RSA key pairs.
NOTE
Password-rsa authentication requires success of both password authentication and RSA authentication. The all authentication mode requires success of either password authentication or RSA authentication.
Do as follows on the router that functions as an SSH server:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

aaa

Name and password of the local user are created. Step 4 Run:
rsa local-key-pair create
A local RSA key pair is generated.


NOTE
l Before performing the other SSH configurations, you must configure the rsa local-key-pair create command to generate a local key pair. l After generating the local key pair,you can perform the display rsa local-key-pair public command to view the public key in the local key pair.
Step 5 Run:
ssh user user-name authentication-type { password | rsa | password-rsa | all }
The authentication mode for SSH users is configured. Perform the following as required: l Authenticate the SSH user through the password. Run:
ssh user user-name authentication-type password
The password authentication is configured for the SSH user. l Authenticate the SSH user through RSA. 1. Run:
ssh user user-name authentication-type rsa
The RSA authentication is configured for the SSH user. 2. Run:

The public key view is displayed. 3. Run:

The public key editing view is displayed. 4. Run:

hex-data
The public key is edited.

NOTE
l In the public key view, only hexadecimal strings complying with the public key format can be typed in. Each string is randomly generated on an SSH client. For detailed operations, see manuals for SSH client software. l After the public key editing view is displayed, the RSA public key generated on the client can be sent to the server. Copy the RSA public key to the router that serves as the SSH server.
5.
Run:
public-key-code end
Quit the public key editing view. l If the specified hex-data is invalid, the public key cannot be generated after the peerpublic-key end command is run. l If the specified key-name is deleted in other views, the system prompts that the key does not exist after the peer-public-key end command is run and the system view is displayed. 6. Run:
peer-public-key end
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Return to the system view from the public key view. 7. Run:
ssh user user-name assign rsa-key key-name
The public key is assigned to the SSH user. Step 6 (Optional) Configuring the Basic Authentication Information for SSH Users 1. Run:
ssh server rekey-interval interval
The interval for updating the server key pair is configured. By default, the interval for updating the key pair of the SSH server is 0 that indicates no updating. 2. Run:
ssh server auth-timeout timeout_interval
The timeout period of the SSH authentication is set. By default, the timeout period is 60 seconds. 3. Run:
ssh server authentication-retries auth-times
The number of retry times of the SSH authentication is set. By default, the retry times is 3. ----End
6.4.5 Enabling the SFTP Service

Before enjoying the STelnet service, you need to enable it.
Context
By default, the router is not enabled with the SFTP server function. Users can establish connections with the router by using SFTP only after the router is enabled with the SFTP server function. Do as follows on the router that serves as an SSH server:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

sftp server enable
The SFTP service is enabled. By default, the SFTP service is disabled. ----End
6.4.6 Accessing the System by Using SFTP

After the configuration is complete, users can log in to the router from the user terminal by using SFTP to manage files on the router.
Context
The third-party software can be used to access the router from the user terminal by using SFTP. Here uses the third-party software OpenSSH and windows command line as an example. After installing OpenSSH on the user terminal, do as follows on the user terminal:
NOTE
For details on how to install OpenSSH, see the installation guide of the software. For details on how to use OpenSSH commands to log in to the router, see the help document of the software.
Procedure
Step 1 Use the windows command line. Step 2 Run relevant OpenSSH commands to log in to the router in SFTP mode. When the command line prompt is displayed in the SFTP client view, such as sftp>, users have entered the working directory of the SFTP server.
----End
6.4.7 Performing File Operations by Using SFTP

On the SFTP client, you can log in to the SSH server to create or delete directories on the SSH server.
Context
After logging in to the SFTP server, you can perform the following operations: l l l Displaying the SFTP client command help Managing the directory on the SFTP server Managing the directory on the SFTP server
After logging in to the SFTP server and entering the SFTP client view, you can perform the following one or more operations.
Procedure
l Run:
help [ all | command-name ]
The SFTP client command help is displayed. l You can perform one or multiple of the following operations as required. Run:
cd [ remote-directory ]
The current operating directory of users is changed. Run:

pwd
The current operating directory of users is displayed. Run:

dir [ -l -a ] [ path ]
The file list in the specified directory is displayed. Run:

rmdir remote-directory &<1-10>
The directory on the server is deleted. Run:

A directory is created on the server. l You can perform one or multiple of the following operations as required. Run:
rename old-name new-name
The name of the specified file on the server is changed. Run:

The file on the remote server is downloaded. Run:

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The local file is uploaded to the remote server. Run:

rmdir remote-directory &<1-10>
The file on the server is removed. ----End

After performing file operations by using SFTP, you can view SSH user information and global configurations of the SSH server.
Prerequisite
The configuration of SSH Users are complete.
Procedure
l l l Run the display ssh user-information username command to check the information about the SSH client on the SSH server. Run the display ssh server status command on the SSH server to check its global configurations. Run the display ssh server session command on the SSH server to check information about connection sessions with SSH clients.
----End
Example
Run the display ssh user-information username command. It shows that the SSH user named clinet001 is authenticated by password, and its service type is sftp.
[Huawei] display ssh user-information client001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Username Auth-type User-public-key-name ------------------------------------------------------------------------------client001 password null -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If no SSH user is specified, information about all SSH users logging in to an SSH server will be displayed. Run the display ssh server status command to view configurations of an SSH server.
<Huawei> display ssh server status SSH version SSH connection timeout SSH server key generating interval SSH Authentication retries SFTP Server : : : : 1.99 60 seconds 2 hours 5 times
: Enable
NOTE
If the default interception port is in use, information about the current interception port is not displayed.
Run the display ssh server session command. The command output shows that the session information between SSH server and client.
<Huawei> display ssh server session Session 2: Conn : VTY 4 Version : 2.0 State : started Username : client002 Retry : 1 CTOS Cipher : aes128-cbc STOC Cipher : aes128-cbc CTOS Hmac : hmac-md5 STOC Hmac : hmac-md5 Kex : diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1 Authentication Type : password

This section provides an example for performing files by accessing the system and using FTP or SFTP.These configuration examples explain networking requirements, configuration roadmap, and configuration notes.
6.5.1 Example for Performing File Operations by Means of the File System
This section describes how to perform file operations by means of the file system. In this example, you can log in to the router to view and copy directories.
You can log in to the router through the Console interface, Telnet, or STelnet to perform file operations on the router. The file path in the storage device must be correct. If the user does not specify a target file name, the source file name is the name of the target file by default.
The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. Check the files under a certain directory. Copy a file to this directory. Check this directory and view that the file is copied successfully to the specified directory.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data: l l Source file name and target file name Source file path and target file path
Procedure
Step 1 Display the file information in the current directory, flash:/ is the flash memory identifier.
<Huawei> dir
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Directory of flash:/ Idx 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Attr -rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rwSize(Byte) 47,584,256 4 4 45,794,304 1,751,678 3,856 396 6 3,315 6,656 7,533 6,656 526,003 540 16 0 2,016,467 477 2,810 68,750,848 0 Date Sep 17 Jun 30 Jul 27 Sep 03 Jan 26 Jan 28 Jan 11 Dec 01 Dec 07 Dec 07 Dec 07 Dec 07 Jan 27 Jan 11 Jan 12 Dec 27 Dec 28 Jan 10 Jan 15 Jan 26 Jan 28 2107 2010 2005 2107 2008 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 Time(LMT) 14:54:23 01:01:16 11:02:05 12:38:38 16:24:13 00:00:09 18:09:53 15:35:31 12:54:45 12:55:14 12:55:50 13:13:39 00:00:36 18:10:07 14:53:53 15:27:49 17:58:26 14:46:12 13:57:02 15:40:15 14:47:29
FileName ar1201_23316_1220.cc voip_feature.efs voip_protocol.efs ar1117_20921_1220.cc web.zip iascfg.zip rsa_host_key.efs 1.txt ma5600_license.dat patch_lic.pat pdt_keyfile.txt patch_lic2.pat private-data.txt rsa_server_key.efs dulei.tbl dictionary.xml arweb.zip elabel.fls aa.txt ar0312_34479_1220.cc ar.txt
217,168 KB total (4,320 KB free)
Step 2 Copy files from usb0:/sample.txt to flash:/sample.txt

<Huawei> copy usb0:/sample.txt flash:/sample1.txt Copy usb0:/sample.txt to flash:/sample1.txt?[Y/N]:y 100% complete Info:Copied file usb0:/sample.txt to flash:/sample1.txt...Done
Step 3 Display the file information about the current directory, and you can view that the file is copied to the specified directory.
<Huawei> dir Directory of flash:/ Idx Attr 0 -rw1 -rw2 -rw3 -rw4 -rw5 -rw6 -rw7 -rw8 -rw9 -rw10 -rw11 -rw12 -rw13 -rw14 -rw15 -rw16 -rw17 -rw18 -rw19 -rw20 -rw21 -rwsample1.txt Size(Byte) 47,584,256 4 4 45,794,304 1,751,678 3,856 396 6 3,315 6,656 7,533 6,656 526,003 540 16 0 2,016,467 477 2,810 68,750,848 0 1,605 Date Sep 17 Jun 30 Jul 27 Sep 03 Jan 26 Jan 28 Jan 11 Dec 01 Dec 07 Dec 07 Dec 07 Dec 07 Jan 27 Jan 11 Jan 12 Dec 27 Dec 28 Jan 10 Jan 15 Jan 26 Jan 28 Oct 24 2107 2010 2005 2107 2008 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 Time(LMT) 14:54:23 01:01:16 11:02:05 12:38:38 16:24:13 00:00:09 18:09:53 15:35:31 12:54:45 12:55:14 12:55:50 13:13:39 00:00:36 18:10:07 14:53:53 15:27:49 17:58:26 14:46:12 13:57:02 15:40:15 14:47:29 11:14:39 FileName ar1201_23316_1220.cc voip_feature.efs voip_protocol.efs ar1117_20921_1220.cc web.zip iascfg.zip rsa_host_key.efs 1.txt ma5600_license.dat patch_lic.pat pdt_keyfile.txt patch_lic2.pat private-data.txt rsa_server_key.efs dulei.tbl dictionary.xml arweb.zip elabel.fls aa.txt ar0312_34479_1220.cc ar.txt
217,169 KB total (4,319 KB free)
----End
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6.5.2 Example for Performing File Operations by Means of FTP

This section provides an example for operating files by means of FTP. In this example, a PC connected to the router logs in to the FTP server by entering the correct user name and password using FTP, and then downloads files to the memory of the FTP client.
As shown in Figure 6-1, after the FTP server is enabled on the router, you can log in to the FTP server from the HyperTerminal to upload or download files. Figure 6-1 Networking for performing file operations by using FTP
Network PC
GE1/0/0 10.137.217.221/16 FTP Server
The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Configure the IP address of the FTP server. Enable the FTP server. Configure the authentication information, authorization mode, and directories to be accessed for an FTP user. Log in to the FTP server by using the correct user name and password. Upload files to or download files from the FTP server.
NOTE
Ensure that the PC can communicate with the FTP server.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data: l l l l IP address of the FTP server, that is, 10.137.217.221 Timeout period for the FTP connection, that is, 20 minutes FTP username as huawei and password as huawei on the server Destination file name and its position in the FTP client
Procedure
Step 1 Configure the IP address of the FTP server.
[server] interface gigabitethernet1/0/0 [server-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ip address 10.137.217.221 255.255.0.0 [server-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
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Step 2 Enable the FTP server.

<Huawei> [Huawei] [server] [server] system-view sysname server ftp server enable ftp timeout 20
Step 3 Configure the authentication information, authorization mode, and authorized directories for an FTP user on the FTP server.
[server] aaa [server-aaa] [server-aaa] [server-aaa] [server-aaa] local-user huawei password simple huawei local-user huawei service-type ftp local-user huawei ftp-directory flash: quit
Step 4 Run the FTP commands at the windows command line prompt, and enter the correct user name and password to set up an FTP connection with the FTP server. Figure 6-2 Logging in to the FTP Server
Step 5 Upload and download files, as shown in the following figure. Figure 6-3 Performing file operations by means of FTP
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NOTE
You can run the dir command before downloading a file or after uploading a file to view the detailed information of the file.
----End
Configuration Files
l Configuration file of the FTP server.
# sysname Server # FTP server enable # interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 ip address 10.137.217.221 255.255.0.0 # aaa local-user huawei password simple Huawei local-user huawei service-type ftp local-user huawei ftp-directory flash: authentication-scheme default # authorization-scheme default # accounting-scheme default # domain default # return
6.5.3 Example for Performing File Operations by Means of SFTP

This section provides an example for operating files by using SFTP. In this example, a local key pair is configured on the SSH server, and a user name and a password are configured on the server for an SSH user. After SFTP services are enabled on the server and the SFTP client is connected to the server, you can operate files between the client and the server.
As shown in Figure 6-4, after SFTP services are enabled on the router functioning as an SSH server, you can log in to the server in password, RSA, password-rsa, or all authentication mode from a PC on the SFTP client. Configure a user to log in to the SSH server in password authentication mode. Figure 6-4 Networking diagram for operating files by using SFTP
Network PC
GE1/0/0 10.137.217.225/16 SSH Server
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The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Configure a local key pair on the SSH server to securely exchange data between the SFTP client and the SSH server. Configure VTY user interfaces on the SSH server. Configure an SSH user, including user name and password. Enable SFTP services on the SSH server and configure a user service type.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data: l l l SSH user authentication mode: password, user name: client001, password: huawei User level of client001: 3 IP address of the SSH server: 10.137.217.225
Procedure
Step 1 Configure a local key pair on the SSH server.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname SSH Server [SSH Server] rsa local-key-pair create The key name will be: Host The range of public key size is (512 ~ 2048). NOTES: If the key modulus is greater than 512, It will take a few minutes. Input the bits in the modulus[default = 512]: 768 Generating keys... .......++++++++++++ ..........++++++++++++ ...................................++++++++ ......++++++++
Step 2 Configure VTY user interfaces on the SSH server.

Step 3 Configure the SSH user name and password on the SSH server.
[SSH [SSH [SSH [SSH [SSH [SSH Server] aaa Server-aaa] Server-aaa] Server-aaa] Server-aaa] Server-aaa] local-user local-user local-user local-user quit client001 client001 client001 client001 password cipher huawei privilege level 3 service-type ssh ftp-directory flash:
Step 4 Enable SFTP.

[SSH Server] sftp server enable
Step 5 Verify the configurations. # Access the SFTP server by using the OpenSSH software.
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Figure 6-5 Accessing Interface
----End
Configuration Files
# sysname SSH Server # aaa local-user client001 password cipher huawei local-user client001 privilege level 3 local-user client001 service-type ssh local-user client001 ftp-directory flash: # interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 ip address 10.137.217.225 255.255.0.0 # sftp server enable # user-interface vty 0 4 authentication-mode aaa protocol inbound ssh # return
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7 Configuring System Startup
7
About This Chapter
Configuring System Startup
When the router starts, system software is started and configuration files are loaded. To ensure smooth running of the router, you need to efficiently manage system software and configuration files. 7.1 System Startup Overview When the router starts, system software is started and configuration files are loaded. 7.2 Managing Configuration Files You can manage the configuration files for the current and next startup operations on the router. 7.3 Specifying a File for System Startup You can specify a file for system startup by specifying the system software and configuration file for the next startup of the router. 7.4 Configuration Examples This section provides an example for configuring system startup.These configuration examples explain networking requirements, configuration roadmap, and configuration notes.
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7.1 System Startup Overview

When the router starts, system software is started and configuration files are loaded.
7.1.1 System Software

System software is the operation system of the router, and is the basis for the router to run properly and provide various services. The extension name of the system software file is .cc. The file must be saved in the root directory of the storage device.
7.1.2 Configuration Files and Current Configurations

During the running of the router, configuration files and current configurations are differently defined. The concepts of configuration files and current configurations are as follows: Concept Configuration Files Initial configurations: On powering on, the router retrieves the configuration files from a default save path to initiate itself. If configuration files do not exist in the default save path, the router uses the default parameters. Identifying Method l Run the display startup command to view the configuration files for the current and next startup operations on the router. l Run the display savedconfiguration command to view the configuration file for the next startup operation on the router. Run the display currentconfiguration command to view the current configurations on the router.
Current Configurations
Current configurations: indicates the effective configurations of the currently running router.
Users can modify the current configurations of the router through the command line interface. Use the save command to save the current configuration to the configuration file of the default storage devices, and the current configuration becomes the initial configuration of the router when the router is powered on next time.
7.2 Managing Configuration Files

You can manage the configuration files for the current and next startup operations on the router.
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Before managing configuration files, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
You can manage configuration files by saving, clearing, and comparing configuration files. To upgrade the router, take preventive measures, repair configuration files, and view configurations after the router starts, you need to manage configuration files.
Before managing configuration files, complete the following task: l Installing the router and starting it properly
Data Preparation
To manage configuration files, you need the following data. No. 1 2 3 Data Configuration file and its name Saving configuration files interval and delay interval The number of the start line from which the comparison of the configuration files begins
7.2.2 Saving Configuration Files

The system can save configuration files periodically or immediately to prevent data loss when the router is powered off or accidentally restarted.
Context
Run one of the following commands to save configuration files.
Procedure
l Configure the system to periodically save configuration files.
WARNING
If an LPU is not running on the router, related configurations may be lost when the system automatically saves the configuration file.
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1.
Run:
autosave interval { time } | { value } | { configuration time }
The system is configured to save the configuration file periodically. If interval time is specified, the system saves the configuration file at the specified interval regardless of whether the configuration is changed. By default, the interval at which the system saves the configuration file is 0 seconds, indicating that the system does not save the configuration file automatically. After automatic configuration saving is enabled, the default interval is 30 minutes if time is not specified. l Save the current configuration immediately. Run:
save [ all ] [ configuration-file ]
The current configuration is saved. The configuration file name extension must be .cfg or .zip, and the system startup configuration file must be saved in the root directory of the storage device. If you modify the current configuration and want to use the modified configuration as the next startup configuration, run the save command to save the new configuration to the storage device. The save all command saves all the current configurations to the default directory, including the configurations of the boards that are not running on the router. ----End
7.2.3 Clearing a Configuration File

You can clear the configuration file that has been loaded to a device.
Context
The configuration file needs to be cleared in the following cases: l l The system software does not match the configuration file after the router has been upgraded. The configuration file is destroyed or an incorrect configuration file has been loaded.
Procedure
l Run the reset saved-configuration command to clear the currently loaded configuration file. If the configuration file of the router used for the current startup is the same as that used for the next startup, running the reset saved-configuration command will clear both the configuration files. The router will uses the default configuration file for the next startup. If the configuration file of the router used for the current startup is different from that used at the next startup, running the reset saved-configuration command will clear the configuration file used for the current startup. If the configuration file of the router used for the current startup is empty, the system will prompt you that the configuration file does not exist after you run the reset savedconfiguration command.
If you do not run the startup saved-configuration configuration-file command to specify a new correct configuration file, or do not run the save command to save the configuration file after the configuration file is cleared, the router will use the default configuration file at the next startup. ----End
7.2.4 Comparing Configuration Files

You can compare the current configuration with the initial configuration.
Context
Do as follows on the router:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
compare configuration [ configuration-file [ current-line-number save-linenumber ] ]
The current configuration is compared with the configuration file for next startup. If no parameter is set, the comparison begins with the first lines of configuration files. currentline-number and save-line-number are used to continue the comparison by ignoring the differences between the configuration files. When comparing differences between the configuration files, the system displays the contents of the current configuration file and saved configuration file from the first different line. By default, 120 characters are displayed for each configuration file. If the number of characters from the first different line to the end is less than 120, the contents after the first different line are all displayed. In comparing the current configurations with the configuration file for next startup, if the configuration file for next startup is unavailable or its contents are null, the system prompts that reading files fails. ----End

After managing configuration files has been configured, you can view the current configuration files, configuration files to be loaded at the next startup, files for the device startup, and files saved in the storage device.
Prerequisite
The configuration of managing configuration files are complete.
Procedure
l Run the display current-configuration [ configuration [ configuration-type [ configuration-instance ] ] | controller | interface [ interface-type [ interface-number ] ] ] [ feature feature-name [ filter filter-expression ] | filter filter-expression ] or display current-configuration [ all | inactive ] command to view the current configuration files.
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l l l l l
Run the display startup command to check files for startup. Run the dir [ /all ] [ filename ] [ device-name ] command to check files saved in the storage device. Run the display saved-configuration [ last | time | configuration ] command to view configuration files to be loaded at the next startup. Run the display autosave configuration command to view configurations of the autosave function, including the status of the autosave function and time for autosave check. Run the display this command to view configurations in the current view.
----End
Example
Run the display startup command to check files for startup.
<Huawei> display startup MainBoard: Startup system software: Next startup system software: Backup system software for next startup: Startup saved-configuration file: Next startup saved-configuration file: Startup license file: Next startup license file: Startup patch package: Next startup patch package: Startup voice-files: Next startup voice-files:
usb0:/ar0210_30735_1220.cc usb0:/ar0210_30735_1220.cc null flash:/arcfg.cfg flash:/arcfg.cfg null null null null null null
7.3 Specifying a File for System Startup

You can specify a file for system startup by specifying the system software and configuration file for the next startup of the router.

Before specifying a file for system startup, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
To enable the router to provide user-defined configurations during the next startup, you need to correctly specify the system software and configuration file for the next startup.
Before specifying a file for the system startup, complete the following task: l Installing the router and powering it on properly
Data Preparation
To specify a file for system startup, you need the following data.
No. 1 2
Data System software and its file name on the AR1200-S Configuration file and its file name on the AR1200-S
7.3.2 Configuring System Software for a router to Load for the Next Startup
To upgrade the system software of a router, you can specify the AR1200-S system software to be loaded for the next startup.
Context
If no system software is specified for the next startup operation of the router, the system software loaded this time will be started during the next startup operation. To change system software for the next startup operation, you need to specify the required one. The filename extension of the system software must be .cc and must be stored in the root directory of a storage device.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
startup system-software filename
The AR1200-S system software for the router to load next time when it starts is configured. ----End
7.3.3 Configuring the Configuration File for Router to Load for the Next Startup
Before restarting a router, you can specify the configuration files that are loaded for the next startup.
Context
You can run the display startup command on the router to check whether the configuration file to be loaded during the next startup operation is specified. If no configuration file is specified, the default configuration file is loaded during the next startup operation. The filename extension of the configuration file must be .cfg or .zip, and must be stored in the root directory of a storage device. When the router turns on, it initiates by reading the configuration file from the flash memory by default. Thus, the configuration in this configuration file is called initial configuration. If no configuration file is saved in the flash, the router initiates with default parameters.
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Procedure
l Run:
startup saved-configuration configuration-file
Configuration file is saved for the router to load next time on startup. ----End

After specifying a file for system startup, you can check the contents of the configuration file to be loaded and the information about the file to be used during the next startup on the router.
Prerequisite
The file has been specified for system startup.
Procedure
l Run the display current-configuration [ configuration [ configuration-type [ configuration-instance ] ] | controller | interface [ interface-type [ interface-number ] ] ] [ feature feature-name [ filterfilter-expression ] | filterfilter-expression ] command to check current configurations. Run the display saved-configuration [ last | time ] command to check the contents of the configuration file to be loaded during the next startup. Run the display startup command to check information about the files to be used during the next startup.
l l
----End
Example
Run the display startup command to check information about the files to be used during the next startup.
usb0:/ar0210_30735_1220.cc usb0:/ar0210_30735_1220.cc null flash:/arcfg.zip flash:/arcfg.zip null null null null null null

This section provides an example for configuring system startup.These configuration examples explain networking requirements, configuration roadmap, and configuration notes.
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7.4.1 Example for Configuring System Startup

This section provides an example for configuring system startup. In this example, the configuration file is saved and the system software and configuration file to be loaded during the next startup are specified so that the router can start in a required manner.
After the router is configured, new configurations take effect after the system restarts.
The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. Save the current configuration. Specify the configuration file to be loaded during the next startup of the router. Specify the system software to be loaded during the next startup of the router.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data: l l Name of the configuration file File name of the system software
Procedure
Step 1 Check the configuration file and system software that are used during the current startup.
<Huawei> display startup MainBoard: Startup system software: Next startup system software: Backup system software for next startup: Startup saved-configuration file: Next startup saved-configuration file: Startup license file: Next startup license file: Startup patch package: Next startup patch package: Startup voice-files: Next startup voice-files: usb0:/ar0312.cc usb0:/ar0312.cc null flash:/iascfg.zip flash:/iascfg.zip null null null null null null
Step 2 Save the current configuration to the specified file.

<Huawei> save vrpcfg.cfg
The system prompts you whether to save the current configuration to the file named vrpcfg.cfg on the main control board. After entering y at the prompt, you save the configuration successfully. Step 3 Specify the configuration file to be loaded during the next startup of the router.
<Huawei> startup saved-configuration usb0:/arcfg.cfg
Step 4 Specify the system software to be loaded during the next startup of the router. Specify the system software to be loaded during the next startup of the main control board.
<Huawei> startup system-software usb0:/arsoft.cc
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NOTE
The software package arsoft.cc has been loaded to the AR1200-S. For details on how to upload the software package, see 6.3 Performing File Operations by Means of FTP.
Step 5 Verify the configuration. After the configuration is complete, run the following command to check the configuration file and system software to be loaded during the next startup of the router.
usb0:/ar0312.cc usb0:/arsoft.cc null flash:/iascfg.zip usb0:/arcfg.cfg null null null null null null
----End
Configuration Files
None.
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8 Accessing Another Device
8
About This Chapter
Accessing Another Device
To manage configurations or operate files of another device, you can access the device by using Telnet, STelnet, TFTP, FTP, or SFTP from the device that you have logged in to. 8.1 Accessing Another Device Overview This section describes how to access another device on the network by using Telnet, FTP, TFTP, or SSH. 8.2 Logging in to Other Devices by Using Telnet On the network, a large number of routers need to be managed and maintained. Not all routers, however, can be connected to terminal PCs. In addition, there are not reachable routes between some routers and terminal PCs. To manage and maintain routers remotely, you can log in to them by using Telnet from a device that you have logged in to. 8.3 Using the Redirection Function to Connect to a Remote Device To manage a remote device that can transmit data only through a serial interface, configure the redirection function on the AR1200-S. 8.4 Logging in to other Device by Using STelnet STelnet ensures secure Telnet services. You can log in to another router from the router that you have logged in to by using STelnet, and thus to manage the device remotely. 8.5 Accessing Files on Another Device by Using TFTP You can configure the router as a TFTP client, and log in to the TFTP server to upload and download files. 8.6 Accessing Files on Another Device by Using FTP This section describes how to configure the router as an FTP client to log in to the FTP server, and to upload files to or download files from the server. 8.7 Accessing Files on Another Device by Using SFTP SFTP is a secure FTP service. After the router is configured as an SFTP client. The SFTP server authenticates the client and encrypts data in both directions to provide secure data transmission. 8.8 Configuration Examples This section describes examples for access another device. The examples explain networking requirements, configuration notes, and configuration roadmap.
8.1 Accessing Another Device Overview

This section describes how to access another device on the network by using Telnet, FTP, TFTP, or SSH. Figure 8-1 Networking diagram for accessing another device from the router
Network PC Client
Network
Server
As shown in Figure 8-1, when you run the terminal emulation program or Telnet program on a PC to connect to the router successfully, the router can still function as a client to access another device on the network by using the following one or more methods.
8.1.1 Telnet Method

To configure and manage remote device on the network, you can use the router that you have logged in to as a client to log in to the device, or use the redirection terminal service on therouter to log in to the device. Telnet is an application layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite. It provides remote login and a virtual terminal service through the network. The AR1200-S provides the following Telnet services: l l Telnet server: You can run the Telnet client program on a PC to log in to the router, configure and manage it. The router acts as a Telnet server. Telnet client: You can run the terminal emulation program or the Telnet client program on a PC to connect with the router. With the telnet command, you can log in to other routers to configure and manage them. As shown in Figure 8-2,Router A serves as both the Telnet server and the Telnet client. Figure 8-2 Telnet client services
Telnet Session 1 Telnet Session2
Telnet Server PC RouterA RouterB
Redirection terminal services: You can run the Telnet client program on a PC to log in to the router through a specified port number. Then connect with the serial interface devices that are connected with the asynchronous interface of the router, as shown in Figure 8-3. The typical application is to connect the asynchronous interface of the router with multiple devices for their remote configuration and maintenance.
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Figure 8-3 Telnet redirection services

PC
Ethernet Async0 Async1
Router Async3 Async2
Router1
Switch
Modem
Router2
NOTE
Only the devices that provide the asynchronous interface support the Telnet redirection service.
Interruption of Telnet services In Telnet connection, you can use two types of shortcut keys to interrupt the connection. As shown in Figure 8-4, Router A logs in to Router B through Telnet, and Router B logs in to Router C through Telnet. Thus, a cascade network is formed. In this case, Router A is the client of Router B and Router B is the client of Router C. Figure 8-4 illustrates the usage of the two types of shortcut keys. Figure 8-4 Usage of Telnet shortcut keys
Telnet Session 1 Telnet Client Telnet Session2 Telnet Server
RouterA
RouterB
RouterC
<Ctrl_]>: The server interrupts the connection. If the network connection is normal, when you press Ctrl_], the Telnet server interrupts the current Telnet connection actively. For example:
<RouterC>
Press <Ctrl_]> to return to the prompt of Router B.

Configuration console exit, please retry to log on The connection was closed by the remote host <RouterB>
Press <Ctrl_]> to return to the prompt of Router A.

Configuration console exit, please retry to log on The connection was closed by the remote host <RouterA>
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NOTE
If the network disconnects, the shortcut keys become invalid. The instruction cannot be sent to the server.
<Ctrl_T>: The client interrupts the connection. When the server fails and the client is unaware of the failure, the server does not respond to the input of the client. In this case, if you press Ctrl_T, the Telnet client interrupts the connection actively and quits the Telnet connection. For example:
<RouterC>
Press <Ctrl_T> to directly interrupt the connection and quit Telnet connection.
<RouterA>
CAUTION
When the number of remote login users reaches to the maximum number of VTY user interfaces, the system prompts that all user interfaces are in use and you cannot use Telnet to log in.
8.1.2 FTP Method

To access files on a remote FTP server, you can establish a connection between the router that you have logged in to and the remote FTP server by using FTP. FTP can transmit files between hosts, and provide users with common FTP commands to simply manage file system. To be specific, through the FTP client program outside the router, users can upload or download the files and access the directories on the router; through the FTP client program inside the router, users can transfer files to the FTP servers of other devices. FTP can transmit files between local and remote hosts, and is widely used for version upgrade, log downloading, file transmission, and configuration saving.
8.1.3 TFTP Method

On the network, if a client communicates with a server in a comparatively simple interaction environment, you can enable TFTP services on the router that functions as a client to access files on the TFTP server. Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple file transfer protocol. Compared with FTP, TFTP does not have a complex interactive access interface and authentication control. TFTP is applicable in an environment where there is no complex interaction between the client and the server. For example, TFTP is used to obtain the memory image of the system when the system starts up. TFTP is implemented based on the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The client initiates the TFTP transfer. To download files, the client sends a read request packet to the TFTP server, receives packets from the server, and sends acknowledgement to the server. To upload files, the client sends a write request packet to the TFTP server, sends packets to the server, and receives acknowledgement from the server. TFTP transfers the files in two formats:
l l
The binary format: transfers program files. The ASCII format: transfers text files.
At present, the AR1200-S serves only as the TFTP client and transfers files in the binary format.
8.1.4 SSH Method

To securely access another device on the network, you can log in to it by using SSH (including STelnet,SFTP) from the router that you have logged in to.
SSH Overview
When users on an insecure network log in to the router through Telnet, the Secure Shell (SSH) feature ensures information security and authentication. It protects the router from attacks such as IP address spoofing and interception of plain text password. The SSH client function allows users to establish SSH connections with router serving as SSH server or with UNIX hosts.
SSH Client Function

The AR1200-S supports the STelnet client function ,the SFTP client function. l STelnet client The Telnet protocol does not provide secure authentication. The TCP transmits data in plain text. This leads to security problems. The system also faces serious threats from DOS (Denial of Service) attacks, the host IP address spoofing, and routing spoofing. Telnet services are prone to network attacks. SSH implements secure remote access on insecure networks and it has the following advantages compared with Telnet: SSH supports Remote Subscriber Access (RSA) authentication. In RSA authentication, SSH generates and exchanges public and private keys compliant with asymmetric encipherment system to ensure the session security. SSH supports Data Encryption Standard (DES), 3DES, and AES authentications. The user name and the password are both encrypted in the communication between the SSH client and the SSH server. This prevents password interception. SSH encrypts the transmitted data. When the STelnet server or the connection to the client is faulty, the client must detect the fault in time and release the connection voluntarily. To implement this, when logging in to the server through Stelnet, the client must be configured with the interval for sending the keepalive packet and the number of times for no reply restriction on the server if no packet is received by the client. If a client does not receive any packet within specified period, the client sends a keepalive packet to the server. If the number of times of no reply restriction exceeds the specified number, the client releases the connection voluntarily. l SFTP client SFTP is short for Secure FTP. You can log in to a device from the secure remote end to manage files. This improves the security of data transmission when the remote system is updated. Meanwhile, the client function enables you to log in to the remote device through SFTP for secure file transmission. When the SFTP server or the connection between it and the client is faulty, the client must detect the fault in time and releases the connection voluntarily. To implement this, when
logging in to the server through SFTP, the client must be configured with the period of sending the keepalive packet and the number of times for no reply restriction on the server if no packet is received by the client. If a client does not receive any packet within specified period, the client sends a keepalive packet to the server. If the number of times of no reply restriction exceeds the specified number, the client takes the initiative to release the connection.
8.2 Logging in to Other Devices by Using Telnet

On the network, a large number of routers need to be managed and maintained. Not all routers, however, can be connected to terminal PCs. In addition, there are not reachable routes between some routers and terminal PCs. To manage and maintain routers remotely, you can log in to them by using Telnet from a device that you have logged in to.

Before establishing the configuration task of logging in to another router from the router that you have logged in to, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the preconfiguration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
Figure 8-5 Networking diagram for accessing another device from the router that you have logged in to
Network PC RouterA RouterB
Network
As shown in Figure 8-5, you can log in to Router A from a PC by using Telnet, but cannot manage Router B remotely. This is because there is no reachable route between the PC and Router B. To manage Router B remotely, you can log in to it from Router A by using Telnet. In this situation, Router A functions as a Telnet client, and Router B that you attempt to log in to functions as a server.
Before logging in to another device on the network by using Telnet, complete the following tasks: l l Ensuring that the router that you attempt to log in to works properly, and enabling Telnet services on the device Ensuring that there is a reachable route between the router that you have logged into and the router that you attempt to log in to
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Data Preparation
To log in to another device by using Telnet, you need the following data: No. 1 2 Data IP address or host name of RouterB Number of the TCP port used by the RouterB to provide Telnet services
8.2.2 (Optional) Configuring a Source IP Address for an Telnet Client

You can configure a source IP address for an Telnet client. Then, you can set up an Telnet connection from the Telnet client to the server through a specific route by using this source IP address.
Context
An IP address is configured for an interface on the router and functions as the source IP address of an telnet connection. In this manner, security checks can be implemented. The source address of a client can be configured as a source interface or a source IP address. Do as follows on a router that functions as an Telnet client.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

telnet client-source { -a source-ip-address | -i interface-type interface-number }
A source IP address of an Telnet client is configured. After the configuration, the source IP address of the Telnet client displayed on the Telnet server must be the same as the configured one. ----End
8.2.3 Logging in to Another Device by Using Telnet

You can log in to another router and manage it by using Telnet.
Context
Telnet provides an interactive CLI for users to log in to a remote server. Users can log in to a host, and then remotely log in to another host by using Telnet to configure and manage the remote host. In this manner, not each host is required to connect to a hardware terminal. Do as follows on the router that serves as a Telnet client:
Procedure
l Run:
telnet [-a source-ip-address ] host-name [ port-number ]
Log in to the router and manage other routers. ----End

When you log in to another router successfully from the router that you have logged in to, you can check information about the established TCP connection.
Prerequisite
All configurations for logging in to another device are complete.
Procedure
l Run the display tcp status command to check the status of all TCP connections. ----End
Example
Run the display tcp status command to view the status of TCP connections. The Established status indicates that a TCP connection has been established.
<Huawei> display tcp status TCPCB Tid/Soid Local Add:port 39952df8 36 /1509 0.0.0.0:0 Closed 32af9074 59 /1 0.0.0.0:21 Listening 34042c80 73 /17 10.164.39.99:23 Established Foreign Add:port 0.0.0.0:0 0.0.0.0:0 10.164.6.13:1147 VPNID 0 14849 0 State
8.3 Using the Redirection Function to Connect to a Remote Device

To manage a remote device that can transmit data only through a serial interface, configure the redirection function on the AR1200-S.

Before configuring the redirection function, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the data required for the configuration. This will help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
To manage a remote device that can transmit data only through a serial interface, configure the redirection function on the AR1200-S.
A remote device can be a router, a switch, an electricity terminal, a finance terminal, or other terminals that use serial interfaces to transmit data. l Managing remote routers and switches Figure 8-6 Using redirection to connect to remote routers and switches
PC
Ethernet Async0 Async1
Router Async3 Async2
Router1
Switch1
Switch2
Router2
As shown in Figure 8-6, there are two routers and two switches connected to the Router (an AR1200-S). To manage these devices through their serial interfaces, connect asynchronous serial interfaces of the Router to serial interfaces of the devices, and configure the redirection function on the Router. After the configuration is complete, you can use an operation terminal to manage and maintain these devices remotely. l Managing terminals such intelligent electricity meters, intelligent water meters, and automatic teller machines
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Figure 8-7 Using redirection to connect to remote intelligent terminals
Nework
Monitor Device
Router Async0 Async3 Async2
Async1
Intelligent Electricity Intelligent Electricity Intelligent Electricity Intelligent Electricity Meters 1 Meters 2 Meters 3 Meters 4
As shown in Figure 8-7, the redirection function is enabled on the Router. The Router listens to the specified TCP port number and receives data flows from the terminals through asynchronous serial interfaces. After receiving data packets, the Router encapsulates the packets into Ethernet frames so that they can be transmitted over an Ethernet network. In this way, the intelligent terminals can be managed by a remote operation terminal.
Before configuring the redirection function, complete the following tasks: l l Starting the remote devices Directly connecting the remote devices to the 8AS board of the router through asynchronous serial cables and ensuring that the 8AS board has registered successfully and the asynchronous serial interfaces are in Up state
Data Preparation
To configure the redirection function, you need the following data. No. 1 2 Data IP address of the router (Optional) Port number of the redirection function
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8.3.2 Configuring the Redirection Function

After configuring the redirection function on a router, you can use an operation terminal to manage remote serial interface devices.
Prerequisite
The 8AS board on the router has registered successfully and the asynchronous serial interfaces are in Up state.
Context
Do as follows on the router.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

interface async interface-number
The asynchronous serial interface view is displayed. Step 3 Run:

async mode flow
The asynchronous serial interface is configured to work in flow mode. By default, an asynchronous serial interface works in protocol mode. Step 4 Run:
quit
Exit from the asynchronous serial interface view. Step 5 Run:

user-interface tty tty-number
The TTY user interface view is displayed. After the 8AS board registers successfully, the router generates random numbers for TTY user interfaces. Run the display user-interface command to view the TTY number mapping an asynchronous serial interface. Step 6 Run:
redirect enable
The redirection function is enabled. Step 7 Run:

undo shell
The terminal service is disabled. Step 8 (Optional) Run:

redirect binding vpn-instance vpn-instance-name
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The redirection function is associated with a VPN instance. By default, the redirection function is not associated with any VPN instance, and all users on public and private networks can use the redirection function to log in to remote devices. Step 9 (Optional) Run:
redirect listen-port port-num
The port number is set for the redirection function. The default port number is 2000 plus tty-number. When the default port number is used by another service, perform this step to set a new port number.
NOTE
l The terminal attributes of a TTY user interface must be the same as the physical attributes of the terminal connected to the corresponding asynchronous serial interface. For details on how to configure terminal attributes of a TTY user interface, see 4.4.3 Setting Terminal Attributes of TTY User Interface. l If the modem function is enabled on a TTY user interface, the redirection function does not take effect.
----End
Follow-up Procedure
Run the telnet host-name port-number command to log in to a remote device. In the command, host-name is the IP address or host name of the router with the redirection function enabled, and port-number is the default port number or the port number configured by running the redirect listen-port command.

After completing the configuration of the redirection function, check the TCP connection status to verify the configuration.
Prerequisite
All configurations of the redirection function are complete.
Context
l Run the display tcp status command to check the status of the current TCP connection.
Example
Run the display tcp status to check the TCP connection status.
<Huawei> TCPCB 1973f250 1973f0ec 1973ef88 1a16a204 1973e9f8 1a169c74 display tcp status Tid/Soid Local Add:port 9 /2 0.0.0.0:22 9 /1 0.0.0.0:23 109/1 0.0.0.0:80 9 /14 0.0.0.0:2046 7 /1 0.0.0.0:7547 9 /15 10.137.217.211:23 Foreign Add:port 0.0.0.0:0 0.0.0.0:0 0.0.0.0:0 0.0.0.0:0 0.0.0.0:0 10.138.77.61:2120 VPNID 23553 23553 23553 23553 0 0 State Listening Listening Listening Listening Listening Established
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8.4 Logging in to other Device by Using STelnet

STelnet ensures secure Telnet services. You can log in to another router from the router that you have logged in to by using STelnet, and thus to manage the device remotely.

Before establishing the configuration task of logging in to another device by using Stelnet, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
Logins by using Telnet bring security risks because no secure authentication mechanism is available and data is transmitted by using TCP in plain text mode. STelnet is short for SSH Telnet that is a secure Telnet protocol. STelnet is on the basis of SSH. SSH users can use STelnet services as Telnet services. In this configuration, the Router that you have logged in to functions as a Telnet client, and theRouter that you attempt to log in to functions as an SSH server.
Before logging in to another device by using STelnet, complete the following tasks: l Configuring a reachable route between the client and SSH server
Data Preparation
To log in to another device by using STelnet, you need the following data: No. 1 2 Data Name of the SSH server,Public key that is assigned by the client to the SSH server IPv4 address or host name of the SSH server,Number of the port monitored by the SSH server,Preferred encrypted algorithm from the SFTP client to the SSH server,Preferred encrypted algorithm from the SSH server to the SFTP client,Preferred HMAC algorithm from the SFTP client to the SSH server,Preferred HMAC algorithm from the SSH server to the SFTP client,Preferred algorithm of key exchange The user information for logging in to the SSH server
8.4.2 Configuring the First Successful Login to Another Device (Enabling the First-Time Authentication on the SSH Client)
After the first-time authentication on the SSH client is enabled, the STelnet client does not check the validity of the RSA public key when logging in to the SSH server for the first time.
Context
If the first-time authentication on the SSH client is enabled, the STelnet client does not check the validity of the RSA public key when logging in to the SSH server for the first time. After the login, the system automatically allocates the RSA public key and saves it for authentication in next login. Do as follows on the router that serves as an SSH client:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

ssh client first-time enable
The first-time authentication on the SSH client is enabled. By default, the first-time authentication on the SSH client is disabled.
NOTE
l The purpose of enabling the first-time authentication on the SSH client is to skip checking the validity of the RSA public key of the SSH server when the STelnet client logs in to the SSH server for the first time. The check is skipped because the STelnet server has not saved the RSA public key of the SSH server. l If the first-time authentication is not enabled on the SSH client, when the STelnet client logs in to the SSH server for the first time, the STelnet client fails to pass the check on the RSA public key validity and cannot log in to the server.
TIP
To ensure that the STelnet client can log in to the SSH server at the first attempt, you can assign the RSA public key in advance to the SSH server on the SSH client in addition to enabling the first-time authentication on the SSH client.
----End
8.4.3 Configuring the First Successful Login to Another Device (Allocating an RSA Public Key to the SSH Server)
To configure the first successful login to another device on the SSH client, you need to allocate an RSA public key to the SSH server before the login.
Context
If the first-time authentication is not enabled on the SSH client, when the STelnet client logs in to the SSH server for the first time, the STelnet client fails to pass the check on the RSA public key validity and cannot log in to the server.So you need to allocate an RSA public key to the SSH server before the STelnet client logs in to the SSH server. Do as follows on the router that serves as an SSH client:
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Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

The public key view is displayed. Step 3 Run:

The public key editing view is displayed. Step 4 Run:

hex-data
The public key is edited. The public key must be a string of hexadecimal alphanumeric characters. It is automatically generated by an SSH client. You can run the display rsa local-key-pair public command to view a generated public key.
NOTE
Before being assigned to the SSH server, the assigned peer RSA public key must be obtained from the SSH server and must be configured on the SSH client. Then, the STelnet client client can successfully undergo the validity check on the RSA public key of the SSH server.
Step 5 Run:
public-key-code end
Quit the public key editing view. l If the specified hex-data is invalid, the public key cannot be generated after the peer-publickey end command is run. l If the specified key-name is deleted in other views, the system prompts that the key does not exist after the peer-public-key end command is run and the system view is displayed. Step 6 Run:
peer-public-key end
Return to the system view from the public key view. ----End
8.4.4 Logging in to Another Device by Using STelnet

You can log in to the SSH server from the SSH client by using STelnet.
Context
When accessing an SSH server, the STelnet client can carry the source address and choose the key exchange algorithm, encryption algorithm, or HMAC algorithm, and configure the keepalive function.
Do as follows on the router that serves as an SSH client:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view
The system view is displayed. Step 2 Run the stelnet [ -a source-address ] host-ipv4 [ port ] [ [ -vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] | [ prefer_kex { dh_group1 | dh_exchange_group } ] | [ prefer_ctos_cipher { des | 3des | aes128 } ] | [ prefer_stoc_cipher { des | 3des | aes128 } ] | [ prefer_ctos_hmac { sha1 | sha1_96 | md5 | md5_96 } ] | [ prefer_stoc_hmac { sha1 | sha1_96 | md5 | md5_96 } ] ] * [ ki aliveinterval [ -kc alivecountmax ] ] command. You can log in to the SSH server through STelnet. ----End
8.4.5 Checking the configuration

After the configuration task of logging in to another device by using STelnet is established, you can check the global configurations of the SSH servers and the sessions between the SSH servers and the STelnet client.
Prerequisite
The configurations for logging in to another device by using STelnet are complete.
Procedure
l Run the display ssh server status command to view the status of the SSH server. ----End
Example
Run the display ssh server status to view the status of the SSH server.
<Huawei> display ssh server status SSH version SSH connection timeout SSH server key generating interval SSH Authentication retries SFTP Server :1.99 :60 seconds :0 hours :3 times :Enable
8.5 Accessing Files on Another Device by Using TFTP

You can configure the router as a TFTP client, and log in to the TFTP server to upload and download files.

Before accessing another device by using TFTP, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
You can transfer files through TFTP between the server and the client in a simple interaction environment. The current Router functions as a TFTP client, and theRouter to be accessed functions as a TFTP server.
Before accessing another device by using TFTP, complete the following tasks: l Configuring a reachable route between the client and TFTP server
Data Preparation
To access another device by using TFTP, you need the following data. No. 1 2 3 Data (Optional) Source address or source interface of the router that functions as a TFTP client IP address or host name of the TFTP server Name of the specific file in the TFTP server and the file directory
8.5.2 (Optional) Configuring a Source IP Address for a TFTP Client

You can configure a source IP address for a TFTP client. Then, you can set up a TFTP connection from the TFTP client to the server through a specific route by using this source IP address.
Context
An IP address is configured for an interface on the router and functions as the source IP address of a TFTP connection. In this manner, security checks can be implemented. The source address of a client can be configured as a source interface or a source IP address. Do as follows on a router that functions as a TFTP client.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

tftp client-source { -a source-ip-address | -i interface-type interface-number }
A source IP address of a TFTP client is configured.

After the configuration, the source IP address of the TFTP client displayed on the TFTP server must be the same as the configured one. ----End
8.5.3 (Optional) Configuring TFTP Access Authority

This section describes how to use an ACL rule to authorize the users to specify the TFTP servers that can be accessed by using TFTP from the router that you have logged in to.
Context
An Access Control List (ACL) is a set of sequential rules. These rules are described based on the source address, destination address, and port number of a packet. Routers use the ACL rules to filter packets. With the rule applied to the interface on a router, the router permits or denies the packets. Each ACL can define multiple rules. ACL rules are classified into the interface ACL, basic ACL, and advanced ACL based on the functions of ACL rules.
NOTE
TFTP supports only the basic ACL (whose number ranges from 2000 to 2999).
Do as follows on the router that serves as the TFTP client:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

acl acl-number
The ACL view is displayed. Step 3 Run:

rule [ rule-id ] { deny | permit } [ { fragment | none-first-fragment } | source { source-address source-wildcard | any } | time-range time-name ] *
The ACL rule is configured. Step 4 Run:

quit
The system view is displayed. Step 5 Run the tftp-server acl acl-number command. You can use the ACL to limit the access to the TFTP server. ----End
8.5.4 Downloading Files by Using TFTP

You can download files from the TFTP server to the TFTP client. Do as follows on the router that serves as the TFTP client:
Procedure
l Run:
tftp [ -a source-ip-address | -i interface-type interface-number ] tftpserver get source-filename [ destination-filename ]
The router is configured to download files through TFTP. ----End
8.5.5 Uploading Files by Using TFTP

You can upload files from the TFTP client to the TFTP server. Do as follows on the router that serves as the TFTP client:
Procedure
l Run:
tftp [ -a source-ip-address | -i interface-type interface-number ] tftpserver put source-filename [ destination-filename ]
The router is configured to upload files through TFTP. ----End

When a device is configured to be a TFTP client, you can check the source address of the client and the configured ACl rule.
Prerequisite
Configurations of using the device as a TFTP client are complete.
Procedure
l l Run the display tftp-client command to check the device address that is set to the source address of the TFTP client. Run the display acl { name acl-name | acl-number | all } command to check the ACL rule that is configured on the TFTP client.
----End
Example
Run the display tftp-client command to view the source address of the TFTP client.
<Huawei> display tftp-client Info: The source address of TFTP client is 1.1.1.1.
Run the display acl{ name acl-name | acl-number | all } to view the ACL rule that is configured on the TFTP client.
<Huawei> display acl 2001 Basic acl 2001, 2 rules, Acl's step is 5 rule 5 permit rule 10 permit source 1.1.1.1 0
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8.6 Accessing Files on Another Device by Using FTP

This section describes how to configure the router as an FTP client to log in to the FTP server, and to upload files to or download files from the server.

Before establishing the configuration task of accessing files on another device by using FTP, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
Before transmitting files between a client and a remote FTP server, or managing directories of the server, you can configure the router that you have logged in to as an FTP client. Then, you can access the FTP server by using FTP for file transmission or directory management.
Before establishing the configuration task of accessing files on another device by using FTP, complete the following tasks: l Configuring a reachable route between the router and the FTP server
Data Preparation
To establish the configuration task of accessing files on another device by using FTP, you need the following data: No. 1 2 3 Data (Optional) Source IP address or source interface of the router functioning as an FTP client Host name or IP address of the FTP server, port number of connecting FTP, login username and password Local file name and file name on the remote FTP server,working directory name of the remote FTP server, local working directory of the FTP client, or directory name of the remote FTP server
8.6.2 (Optional) Configuring Source IP Address and Interface of the FTP Client
This section describes how to configure the source IP address and interface of FTP client to establish the connection with FTP server.
Prerequisite
An IP address is configured for an interface on the router and functions as the source IP address of an FTP connection. In this manner, security checks can be implemented. The source address of a client can be configured as a source interface or a source IP address. The interface configuration is possible, only if the system has a loopback interface.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

ftp client-source { -a ip-address }
The source IP address of the FTP client is configured. or

ftp client-source { -i interface-type interface-number }
The loopback addresses of the FTP client is configured.

NOTE
Then, run the display ftp-client command on the router to view the current configuration of the FTP client.
----End
8.6.3 Connecting to Other Devices by Using FTP Commands

You can run FTP commands to log in to other devices from the router that functions as the FTP client.
Context
You can log in to the FTP server in the user view or the FTP view. Do as follows on the router that serves as the client:
Procedure
l In the user view, establish a connection to the FTP server. Run:
ftp [ -a source-ip-address | -i interface-type interface-number ] host [ portnumber ] [ public-net | vpn-instance vpn-instace-name ]
The router is connected to the FTP server. l In the FTP view, establish a connection to the FTP server. 1. In the user view, Run:
ftp
The FTP view is displayed.

2.
Run:
open [ -a source-ip-address | -i interface-type interface-number ] host [ port-number ] [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
The router is connected to the FTP server. ----End
8.6.4 Operating Files by Using FTP Commands

After logging in to a FTP server, you can operate files by using FTP commands. File operations include configuring a file transmission method, checking online help about FTP commands, uploading or downloading files, and managing directories and files.
Context
After logging in to the FTP server, you can perform the following operations: l l l l l Configure a data type for transmission files and a file transmission method. Check the online help about FTP commands in the FTP client view. Upload local files to the remote FTP server, or download files from the FTP server and save them locally. Create directories on or delete directories from the FTP server. Display information about a specified remote directory or a file of the FTP server, or delete a specified file from the FTP server.
After logging in to the router that functions as a client and entering the FTP client view, you can perform the following steps:
Procedure
l Configuring data type and transmission mode for the file. Run:
ascii | binary
The data type of the file to be transmitted is ascii or binary mode.

NOTE
FTP supports the ASCII type and the binary type. Their differences are as follows: l In ASCII transmission mode, ASCII characters are used to separate carriage returned from line feeds. l In binary transmission mode, characters can be transferred without format conversion or formatting. The selection of the FTP transmission mode is client-customized. The system defaults to the ASCII transmission mode. The client can use a mode switch command to switch between the ASCII mode and the binary mode. The ASCII mode is used to transmit .txt files and the binary mode is used to transmit binary files.
Run:
passive
The passive file transfer mode is configured. Run:

verbose
The verbose mode for FTP is enabled.

When verbose is enabled, all FTP responses are displayed. After file transmission, the statistics about transmission efficiency will be displayed. l Viewing online help of the FTP command.
remotehelp [ command ]
The online help of the FTP command is displayed. l Upload or download files. Upload or download a file. Run:
The local file is uploaded to the remote FTP server. Run:

The FTP file is downloaded from the FTP server and saved to the local file. l Run one or more commands in the following order to manage directories. Run:
cd pathname
The working path of the remote FTP server is specified. Run:

cdup
The working path of the FTP server is switched to the upper-level directory. Run:
pwd
The specified directory of the FTP server is displayed. Run:

lcd [ local-directory ]
The directory of the FTP client is displayed or changed. Run:

A directory is created on the FTP server. Run:

rmdir remote-directory
A directory is removed from the FTP server.

NOTE
l The directory to be created can comprise letters and digits, but not special characters such as <, >, ?, \ and :. l When running the mkdir /abc command, you create a sub-directory named "abc".
Run one or more commands in the following to manage files. Run:

ls [ remote-filename ] [ local-filename ]
The specified directory or file on the remote FTP server is displayed. If the directory name is not specified when a specific remote file is selected, the system searches the working directory for the specific file. Run:

dir [ remote-filename ] [ local-filename ]
The specified directory or file on the local FTP server is displayed. If the directory name is not specified when a specific remote file is selected, the system searches the working directory for the specific file. Run:
delete remote-filename
The specified file on the FTP server is deleted. If the directory name is not specified when a specific remote file is selected, the system searches the working directory for the specific file. When local-filename is set, related information about the file can be downloaded locally. ----End
8.6.5 Changing Login Users

After logging in to an FTP server, you can change the username on the client and re-log in to the server with the new username.
Context
From the AR1200-S (an FTP client) that you have logged in to, you can log in to the FTP server by using another username without logging out of the FTP client view. The established FTP connection is identical with that established by running the ftp command. Perform the following steps on the router that functions as a client:
Procedure
l Run:
user user-name [ password ]
The user that have logged in to the FTP server is changed and the new user logs in to the server. When the username that is used to log in to the FTP server is changed, the original connection between the user and the FTP server is interrupted. ----End
8.6.6 Disconnecting from the FTP Server

You can terminate the connection with the FTP server and return to the user view or FTP view.
Context
You can select different commands to terminate the connection with the FTP server in the FTP client view. Do as follows on the router that serves as the client.
Procedure
l
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Run the following commands according to different configurations.

Run:
bye
Or,
quit
The client router is disconnected from the FTP server. Return to the user view. Run:
close
Or,
disconnect
The client router is disconnected from the FTP server. Return to the FTP view. ----End

After the configurations of accessing other devices by using FTP are complete, you can view the source parameters configured on the FTP client.
Prerequisite
The configurations of accessing other devices by using FTP are complete.
Procedure
l Run the display ftp-client command to view the source parameters of the FTP client. ----End
Example
Run the display ftp-client command to view the source parameters of the FTP client.
<Huawei> display ftp-client Info: The source address of FTP client is 1.1.1.1.
8.7 Accessing Files on Another Device by Using SFTP

SFTP is a secure FTP service. After the router is configured as an SFTP client. The SFTP server authenticates the client and encrypts data in both directions to provide secure data transmission.

Before establishing the configuration task of accessing files on another device by using SFTP, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the required data. This can help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
SFTP is short for SSH FTP that is a secure FTP protocol. SFTP is on the basis of SSH. It ensures that users can log in to a remote device securely for file management and transmission, and enhances the security in data transmission. In addition, you can log in to a remote SSH server from the router that functions as an SFTP client.
Before establishing the configuration task of accessing files on another device by using SFTP, complete the following tasks: l Configuring a reachable route between the client and SSH server
Data Preparation
To access files on another device by using SFTP, you need the following data: No. 1 2 3 4 5 Data (Optional) Source address of the device that functions as the SFTP client (Optional) Name of the SSH server (Optional) Public key that is assigned by the client to the SSH server IPv4 address or host name of the SSH server Number of the port monitored by the SSH server,Preferred encrypted algorithm from the SFTP client to the SSH server,Preferred encrypted algorithm from the SSH server to the SFTP client,Preferred HMAC algorithm from the SFTP client to the SSH server,Preferred HMAC algorithm from the SSH server to the SFTP client,Preferred algorithm of key exchange,Name of the outgoing interface,Source address The user information for logging in to the SSH server 6 Name and directory of a specified file on the SSH server
8.7.2 (Optional) Configuring a Source IP Address for an SFTP Client

You can configure a source IP address for an SFTP client. Then, you can set up an SFTP connection from the SFTP client to the server through a specific route by using this source IP address.
Context
An IP address is configured for an interface on the router and functions as the source IP address of an FTP connection. In this manner, security checks can be implemented. The source address of a client can be configured as a source interface or a source IP address. Do as follows on a router that functions as an SFTP client.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

sftp client-source { -a source-ip-address | -i interface-type interface-number }
A source IP address is configured for an SFTP client. ----End
8.7.3 Configuring the First Successful Login to Another Device (Enabling the First-Time Authentication on the SSH Client)
After the first-time authentication on the SSH client is enabled, the SFTP client does not check the validity of the RSA public key when logging in to the SSH server for the first time.
Context
If the first-time authentication on the SSH client is enabled, the SFTP client does not check the validity of the RSA public key when logging in to the SSH server for the first time. After the login, the system automatically allocates the RSA public key and saves it for authentication in next login. Do as follows on the router that serves as an SSH client:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

ssh client first-time enable
The first-time authentication on the SSH client is enabled. By default, the first-time authentication on the SSH client is disabled.
NOTE
l The purpose of enabling the first-time authentication on the SSH client is to skip checking the validity of the RSA public key of the SSH server when the STelnet client logs in to the SSH server for the first time. The check is skipped because the STelnet server has not saved the RSA public key of the SSH server. l If the first-time authentication is not enabled on the SSH client, when the STelnet client logs in to the SSH server for the first time, the STelnet client fails to pass the check on the RSA public key validity and cannot log in to the server.
TIP
To ensure that the STelnet client can log in to the SSH server at the first attempt, you can assign the RSA public key in advance to the SSH server on the SSH client in addition to enabling the first-time authentication on the SSH client.
----End
8.7.4 Configuring the First Successful Login to Another Device (Allocating an RSA Public Key to the SSH Server)
To configure the first successful login to another device on the SSH client, you need to allocate an RSA public key to the SSH server before the login.
Context
If the first-time authentication is not enabled on the SSH client, when the SFTP client logs in to the SSH server for the first time, the SFTP client fails to pass the check on the RSA public key validity and cannot log in to the server. Do as follows on the router functioning as an SSH client:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

The public key view is displayed. Step 3 Run:

The public key editing view is displayed. Step 4 Run:

hex-data
The public key is edited. The public key must be a string of hexadecimal alphanumeric characters. It is automatically generated by an SSH client. You can run the display rsa local-key-pair public command to view a generated public key.
NOTE
Before being assigned to the SSH server, the assigned peer RSA public key must be obtained from the SSH server and must be configured on the SSH client. Then, the STelnet client client can successfully undergo the validity check on the RSA public key of the SSH server.
Step 5 Run:
public-key-code end
Quit the public key editing view. l If the specified hex-data is invalid, the public key cannot be generated after the peer-publickey end command is run. l If the specified key-name is deleted in other views, the system prompts that the key does not exist after the peer-public-key end command is run and the system view is displayed. Step 6 Run:

peer-public-key end
Return to the system view from the public key view. ----End
8.7.5 Connecting to Other Devices by Using SFTP

You can log in to the SSH server from the SSH client through SFTP.
Context
The command of enabling the SFTP client is similar to that of the STelnet. When accessing the SSH server, the SFTP can carry the source address and the name of the VPN instance and choose the key exchange algorithm, encrypted algorithm and HMAC algorithm, and configure the keepalive function. Do as follows on the router that serves as an SSH client.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

sftp [ -a source-address | -i interface-type interface-number ] host-ipv4 [ port ] [ [ public-net | -vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] | [ prefer_kex { dh_group1 | dh_exchange_group } ] | [ prefer_ctos_cipher { des | 3des | aes128 } ] | [ prefer_stoc_cipher { des | 3des | aes128 } ] | [ prefer_ctos_hmac { sha1 | sha1_96 | md5 | md5_96 } ] | [ prefer_stoc_hmac { sha1 | sha1_96 | md5 | md5_96 } ] ] * [ -ki aliveinterval [ -kc alivecountmax ] ]
You can log in to the SSH server through SFTP. ----End
8.7.6 Operating Files by Using SFTP Commands

You can manage directories and files on the SSH server from the SFTP client, and check the command help on the SFTP client.
Context
After logging in to the SSH server from the SFTP client, you can perform the following operations on the SFTP client: l l l Create or delete a directory on the SSH server, and display the current working directory, the specified directory and information about the file in the specified directory. Change a file name, delete a file, display a file list, and upload or download a file. Displaying the SFTP client command help.
After logging in to the router that functions as an SSH client and entering the SFTP client view, you can perform the following steps:
Procedure
l Managing the directory Perform the following as required: Run:
cd [ remote-directory ]
The current operating directory of users is changed. Run:

cdup
The operating directory of users is switched to the upper-level directory. Run:

pwd
The current operating directory of users is displayed. Run:

dir [ -l -a ] [ path ]
The file list in the specified directory is displayed. Run:

rmdir remote-directory & <1-10>
The directory on the server is deleted. Run:

A directory is created on the server. l Managing the file Perform the following as required: Run:
rename old-name new-name
The name of the specified file on the server is changed. Run:

get remote-filename [local-filename]
The file on the remote server is downloaded. Run:

put local-filename [remote-filename]
The local file is uploaded to the remote server. Run:

remove remote-filename
The file on the server is removed. l Displaying the SFTP client command help
help [all | command-name ]
The SFTP client command help is displayed. ----End


After logging in to another device by using SFTP, you can view the source address of the SSH client, the mappings between all SSH servers and the RSA public keys on the client, the global configurations of the SSH servers, and the sessions between the SSH servers and the client.
Prerequisite
The configuration of accessing files on another device by using SFTP is complete.
Procedure
l Run the display sftp-client command to check the source IP address of the SFTP client on the SSH client.
----End
Example
Run the display sftp-client command on the client to view the source parameters of the device functioning as an SFTP client.
<Huawei> display sftp-client Info: The source address of SFTP client is 1.1.1.1

This section describes examples for access another device. The examples explain networking requirements, configuration notes, and configuration roadmap.
8.8.1 Example for Configuring Telnet Services

In this example, the authentication mode and password are configured for users to log in using Telnet.
As shown in Figure 8-8, Router A and Router B can ping each other successfully. A user logs in to Router B from Router A using Telnet. Figure 8-8 Networking diagram for configuring Telnet services
GE1/0/0 1.1.1.1/24 RouterA
GE1/0/0 1.1.1.2/24 RouterB
The configuration roadmap is as follows:
1. 2. 3.
On Router B, configure the authentication mode and password for VTY0 to VTY4. Configure users to use passwords to log in to Router B from Router A using Telnet. Configure a Telnet server port number on Router B to ensure that users log in through this port only.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data: l l l l Host address of Router B Authentication mode and password Telnet server port number User level 15
Procedure
Step 1 Configure IP addresses. # Configure Router A.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname RouterA [RouterA] interface gigabitethernet1/0/0 [RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ip address 1.1.1.1 24 [RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit [RouterA] quit
# Configure Router B.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname RouterB [RouterB] interface gigabitethernet1/0/0 [RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ip address 1.1.1.2 24 [RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
Step 2 Configure the authentication mode and password for Telnet services on Router B.
[RouterB] user-interface vty 0 4 [RouterB-ui-vty0-4] authentication-mode password [RouterB-ui-vty0-4] set authentication password simple hello [RouterB-ui-vty0-4] quit
To configure an ACL for Telnet services, run the following commands on Router B.
[RouterB] acl 2000 [RouterB-acl-basic-2000] rule permit source 1.1.1.1 0 [RouterB-acl-basic-2000] quit [RouterB] user-interface vty 0 4 [RouterB-ui-vty0-4] acl 2000 inbound
NOTE
You can choose to configure an ACL for Telnet services.
Step 3 Log in to Router B from Router A using Telnet.

<RouterA> telnet 1.1.1.2 Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode Trying 1.1.1.2 ... Connected to 1.1.1.2 ... User Access Verification
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>>User password:
Huawei Integrated Access SoftwareAR. Copyright(C) Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010-2011. All rights reserved. <RouterB>
Step 4 Configure a Telnet server port number on Router B.

<RouterB> system-view [RouterB]sysman service telnet port 1028 After the command is executed, logging in to the port through telnet fails, al l the telnet users exit, and a new port is created. If you need to set the port through telnet again, wait for at least two minutes and then set the port again. Are you sure to continue?(y/n)[n]: y
Step 5 Use the port number 1028 to log in to Router B from Router A using Telnet.
<RouterA> telnet 1.1.1.2 1028 Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode Trying 1.1.1.2 ... Connected to 1.1.1.2 ... User Access Verification >>User password: Huawei Integrated Access SoftwareAR. Copyright(C) Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010-2011. All rights reserved. <RouterB>
----End
Configuration Files
l Configuration file of Router A
# sysname RouterA # interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 # return
Configuration file of Router B

# sysname RouterB # acl number 2000 rule 5 permit source 1.1.1.1 0 # interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 # user-interface con 0 user-interface vty 0 4 acl 2000 inbound set authentication password simple hello # return
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8.8.2 Example for Configuring the Device as the STelnet Client to Connect to the SSH Server
In this example, the local key pairs are generated on the STelnet client and the SSH server; the public RSA key is generated on the SSH server and then bound to the STelnet client. In this manner, the STelnet client can connect to the SSH server.
As shown in Figure 8-9, after the STelnet service is enabled on the SSH server, the STelnet client can log in to the SSH server with the password, RSA, password-rsa, or all authentication mode. Configure two login clients: l l Configure Client001 with the password as huawei and adopt the password authentication. Configure Client002, adopt the RSA authentication and assign the public key RsaKey001 to Client002.
The user interface supports only SSH. Figure 8-9 Networking diagram of configuring the device as the STelnet client to connect to the SSH server
SSH Server
GE1/0/0 10.164.39.222/24
GE1/0/0 10.164.39.220/24
GE1/0/0 10.164.39.221/24
Client001
Client002
The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Configure Client001 and Client002 on the SSH server. Generate the local key pairs on the STelnet client and the SSH server respectively. Generate the RSA public key on SSH server and bind the RSA public key of SSH client to Client002. Enable STelnet service on the SSH server. Users Client001 and Client002 log in to the SSH server through STelnet.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data:
l l l
Name and the authentication mode of the SSH user Password or the RSA public key of the SSH user Name of the SSH server
Procedure
Step 1 Generate a local key pair on the SSH server.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname SSH Server [SSH Server] rsa local-key-pair create The key name will be: Host The range of public key size is (512 ~ 2048). NOTES: If the key modulus is greater than 512, It will take a few minutes. Input the bits in the modulus[default = 512]: 768 Generating keys... .......++++++++++++ ..........++++++++++++ ...................................++++++++ ......++++++++
Step 2 Create SSH users on the server. # Configure a VTY user interface.
l Create an SSH user named Client001. # Create an SSH user named Client001, configure password authentication for the user, and set the password to huawei.
[SSH [SSH [SSH [SSH Server] aaa Server-aaa] local-user client001 password cipher huawei Server-aaa] local-user client001 service-type ssh Server-aaa] quit
l Create an SSH user named Client002. # Create an SSH user named Client002, set the password to huawei, and configure RSA authentication for the user.
[SSH [SSH [SSH [SSH [SSH Server] aaa Server-aaa] Server-aaa] Server-aaa] Server] ssh local-user client002 password cipher huawei local-user client002 service-type ssh quit user client002 authentication-type rsa
Step 3 Configure the RSA public key on the server. # Generate a local key pair for Client002.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname client002 [client002] rsa local-key-pair create
# Check the RSA public key of the client.

[client002] display rsa local-key-pair public ===================================================== Time of Key pair created: 2007-12-29 16:19:59+08:00 Key name: Host Key type: RSA encryption Key ===================================================== Key code:
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3047 0240 BFF35E4B C61BD786 F907B5DE 7D6770C3 E5FD17AB 203C8FCB BBC8FDF2 F7CB674E 519E8419 0F6B97A8 EA91FC4B B9E18836 5E74BFD5 4C687767 A89C6B43 1D7E3E1B 0203 010001 ===================================================== Time of Key pair created: 2007-12-29 16:20:05+08:00 Key name: Server Key type: RSA encryption Key ===================================================== Key code: 3067 0260 BCFAC085 49A2E70E 1284F901 937D7B63 D7A077AB D2797280 4BCA86C0 4CD18B70 5DFAC9D3 9A3F3E74 9B2AF4CB 69FA6483 E87DA590 7B47721A 16391E27 1C76ABAB 743C568B 1B35EC7A 8572A096 BCA9DF0E BC89D3DB 5A83698C 9063DB39 A279DD89 0203 010001 [client002]
# Send the RSA public key of the client to the server.

[SSH Server] rsa peer-public-key RsaKey001 Enter "RSA public key" view, return system view with "peer-public-key end". NOTE: The number of the bits of public key must be between 769 and 2048. [SSH Server-rsa-public-key] public-key-code begin Enter "RSA key code" view, return last view with "public-key-code end". [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] 3047 [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] 0240 [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] BFF35E4B C61BD786 F907B5DE 7D6770C3 E5FD17AB [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] 203C8FCB BBC8FDF2 F7CB674E 519E8419 0F6B97A8 [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] EA91FC4B B9E18836 5E74BFD5 4C687767 A89C6B43 [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] 1D7E3E1B [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] 0203 [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] 010001 [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] public-key-code end [SSH Server-rsa-public-key] peer-public-key end
Step 4 Bind the RSA public key of the SSH client to Client002.
[SSH Server] ssh user client002 assign rsa-key RsaKey001
Step 5 Connect to the SSH server. # Enable initial authentication on the SSH client if it logs in for the first time.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname client001 [client001] ssh client first-time enable <Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname client002 [client002] ssh client first-time enable
# Log in to the SSH server from Client001 in password authentication mode by entering the user name and password.
<client001> system-view [client001] stelnet 10.164.39.222 Please input the username:client001 Trying 10.164.39.222 ... Press CTRL+K to abort Connected to 10.164.39.222 ... Enter password:
Enter the password huawei. The following information indicates that the login succeeds.

Info: The max number of VTY users is 20, and the number of current VTY users on line is 6. The current login time is 2010-09-06 11:42:42. <SSH Server>
# Log in to the SSH server from Client002 in RSA authentication mode.

<client002> system-view [client002] stelnet 10.164.39.222 Please input the username: client002 Trying 10.164.39.222 ... Press CTRL+K to abort Connected to 10.164.39.222 ... The server is not authenticated. Do you continue to access it?(Y/N):y Save the server's public key? [Y/N] :y The server's public key will be saved with the name: 10.164.39.222. Please wait... Info: The max number of VTY users is 20, and the number of current VTY users on line is 6. The current login time is 2010-09-06 11:42:42. <SSH Server>
Step 6 Verify the configuration. After the configuration is complete, run the display ssh server status and display ssh server session commands. You can see that the STelnet clients have logged in to the server successfully. # Check the status of the SSH server.
[SSH Server] display ssh server status SSH version : 1.99 SSH connection timeout : 60 seconds SSH server key generating interval : 0 hours SSH Authentication retries : 3 times SFTP Server : Enable
# Check the SSH session status.

[SSH Server] display ssh server session -------------------------------------------------------------------Conn Ver Encry State Auth-type Username -------------------------------------------------------------------VTY 3 2.0 AES run password client001 VTY 4 2.0 AES run rsa client002 --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check information about the SSH users.

[SSH Server] display ssh user-information ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Username Auth-type User-public-key-name ------------------------------------------------------------------------------client001 password null client002 rsa RsaKey001 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----End
Configuration Files
# sysname SSH Server # rsa peer-public-key rsakey001 public-key-code begin 3047 0240
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BFF35E4B C61BD786 F907B5DE 7D6770C3 E5FD17AB 203C8FCB BBC8FDF2 F7CB674E 519E8419 0F6B97A8 EA91FC4B B9E18836 5E74BFD5 4C687767 A89C6B43 1D7E3E1B 0203 010001 public-key-code end peer-public-key end # aaa local-user client001 password cipher huawei local-user client002 password cipher huawei local-user client001 service-type ssh local-user client002 service-type ssh # ssh user client002 authentication-type rsa ssh user client002 assign rsa-key RsaKey001 # user-interface vty 0 4 authentication-mode aaa protocol inbound ssh # return
Configuration file of Client001 on SSH client

# sysname client001 # interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 ip address 10.164.39.220 255.255.255.0 # ssh client first-time enable # return
Configuration file of Client002 on SSH client

8.8.3 Example for Configuring TFTP

In this example, the TFTP application is run on the TFTP server and the location of the source file on the server is set. After that, you can upload and download files.
As shown in Figure 8-10, the IP address of the TFTP server is 10.111.16.160/24. Log in to the router from the HyperTerminal and then download the file ar.cc from the TFTP server. Figure 8-10 Networking diagram of configuring TFTP
10.111.16.160/24
PC
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TFTP Client
TFTP Server
159
The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. Run the TFTP application on the TFTP server, and set the location of the file on the server. Use the TFTP command on the router to download the file. Use the TFTP command on the router to upload the file.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data: l l l The TFTP application installed on the TFTP server The path of the file on the TFTP server The destination file name and its path on the router
Procedure
Step 1 Start the TFTP server, and set its Current Directory as the directory where the ar.cc file resides. Figure 8-11shows the interface. Figure 8-11 Setting the Base Directory of the TFTP server
NOTE
The display may be different depending on different TFTP server applications run in the computer.
Step 2 Log in to the router from the computer HyperTerminal and enter the following command to download the file.
<Huawei> tftp 10.111.16.160 get ar.cc flash:/
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Info: Transfer file in binary mode. Downloading the file from the remote TFTP server. Please wait... 69143936 bytes received in 42734 second. TFTP: Downloading the file successfully.
Step 3 Run the dir command to check whether the downloaded file is saved in the specified directory on the router.
<Huawei> dir flash:/ Directory of flash:/ Idx 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Attr -rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rwdrw-rw-rw-rw-rw-rwSize(Byte) 1,738,816 396 540 1,498 525,337 1,215 1,703,936 69,143,936 8,996 5,602 220 1,686 Date Mar 28 Feb 11 Feb 11 Apr 01 Apr 01 Mar 26 Feb 27 Mar 07 Mar 28 Apr 07 May 27 Mar 28 Mar 28 2011 2008 2008 2011 2011 2011 2008 2008 2008 2008 2011 2011 2011 Time(LMT) 17:00:24 14:34:17 14:35:10 09:49:37 09:50:00 11:32:27 10:00:10 15:44:46 07:34:54 14:56:24 13:59:31 16:51:16 17:04:53 FileName web.zip rsa_host_key.efs rsa_server_key.efs iascfg.zip private-data.txt iascfg_autobackup.zip ar_smk2.cc dd ar.cc 1.cap ab.cap elab.txt lic_ar.dat
217,168 KB total (145,536 KB free)
Step 4 Log in to the router from the computer HyperTerminal and enter the following command to upload the file.
<Huawei> tftp 10.111.16.160 put flash:/iascfg.zip Info: Transfer file in binary mode. Uploading the file to the remote TFTP server. Please wait... TFTP: Uploading the file successfully. 3856 bytes send in 1 second.
----End
8.8.4 Example for Connecting the SFTP Client to the SSH Server
In this example, the local key pairs are generated on the SFTP client and the SSH server respectively; the public RSA key is generated on the SSH server and bind the RSA public key to the SFTP client. In this manner, the SFTP client can connect to the SSH server.
As shown in Figure 8-12, after the SFTP service is enabled on the SSH server, the SFTP Client can log in to the SSH server with the password, RSA, password-rsa, or all authentication. Figure 8-12 Networking diagram of connecting the SFTP client to the SSH server
SSH Server
GE1/0/0 10.164.39.222/24
GE1/0/0 10.164.39.220/24
GE1/0/0 10.164.39.221/24
Client001
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Client002
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The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Configure Client001 and Client002 on the SSH server. Generate the local key pairs on the SFTP client and SSH server . Generate the RSA public key on the SSH server and bind the RSA public key of SSH client to Client002. Enable the SFTP service on the SSH server. Configure the service mode and authorization directory for the SSH user. Client001 and Client002 log in to the SSH server through SFTP.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data: l l l Name and the authentication mode of the SSH user Password or the RSA public key of the SSH user Name of the SSH server
Procedure
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname SSH Server [SSH Server] rsa local-key-pair create The key name will be: Host The range of public key size is (512 ~ 2048). NOTES: If the key modulus is greater than 512, It will take a few minutes. Input the bits in the modulus[default = 512]: 768 Generating keys... .........++++++++ ......................++++++++ ......................+++++++++ .....+++++++++
Step 2 Create SSH users on the server. # Configure a VTY user interface.
l Create an SSH user named Client001. # Create an SSH user named Client001, configure password authentication for the user, and set the password to huawei.
[SSH [SSH [SSH [SSH [SSH Server] aaa Server-aaa] Server-aaa] Server-aaa] Server-aaa] local-user client001 password cipher huawei local-user client001 service-type ssh local-user client001 ftp-directory flash: quit
l Create an SSH user named Client002.

# Create an SSH user named Client002, set the password to huawei, and configure RSA authentication for the user.
[SSH [SSH [SSH [SSH [SSH [SSH Server] aaa Server-aaa] Server-aaa] Server-aaa] Server-aaa] Server] ssh local-user client002 password cipher huawei local-user client002 service-type ssh local-user client002 ftp-directory flash: quit user client002 authentication-type rsa
Step 3 Configure the RSA public key on the server. # Generate a local key pair for Client002.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname client002 [client002] rsa local-key-pair create

[client002] display rsa local-key-pair public ===================================================== Time of Key pair created: 2007-12-29 16:19:59+08:00 Key name: Host Key type: RSA encryption Key ===================================================== Key code: 3047 0240 BFF35E4B C61BD786 F907B5DE 7D6770C3 E5FD17AB 203C8FCB BBC8FDF2 F7CB674E 519E8419 0F6B97A8 EA91FC4B B9E18836 5E74BFD5 4C687767 A89C6B43 1D7E3E1B 0203 010001 ===================================================== Time of Key pair created: 2007-12-29 16:20:05+08:00 Key name: Server Key type: RSA encryption Key ===================================================== Key code: 3067 0260 BCFAC085 49A2E70E 1284F901 937D7B63 D7A077AB D2797280 4BCA86C0 4CD18B70 5DFAC9D3 9A3F3E74 9B2AF4CB 69FA6483 E87DA590 7B47721A 16391E27 1C76ABAB 743C568B 1B35EC7A 8572A096 BCA9DF0E BC89D3DB 5A83698C 9063DB39 A279DD89 0203 010001 [client002]

[SSH Server] rsa peer-public-key RsaKey001 Enter "RSA public key" view, return system view with "peer-public-key end". NOTE: The number of the bits of public key must be between 769 and 2048. [SSH Server-rsa-public-key] public-key-code begin Enter "RSA key code" view, return last view with "public-key-code end". [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] 3047 [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] 0240 [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] BFF35E4B C61BD786 F907B5DE 7D6770C3 E5FD17AB [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] 203C8FCB BBC8FDF2 F7CB674E 519E8419 0F6B97A8 [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] EA91FC4B B9E18836 5E74BFD5 4C687767 A89C6B43 [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] 1D7E3E1B [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] 0203 [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] 010001 [SSH Server-rsa-key-code] public-key-code end [SSH Server-rsa-public-key] peer-public-key end
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Step 4 Bind the RSA public key of the SSH client to Client002.
[SSH Server] ssh user client002 assign rsa-key RsaKey001
Step 5 Enable the SFTP service on the SSH server # Enable the SFTP service.
[SSH Server] sftp server enable
Step 6 Connect to the SSH server. # Enable initial authentication on the SSH client if it logs in for the first time.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname client001 [client001] ssh client first-time enable <Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname client002 [client002] ssh client first-time enable
# Log in to the SSH server from Client001 in password authentication mode.

<client001> system-view [client001] sftp 10.164.39.222 Please input the username:client001 Trying 10.164.39.222 ... Press CTRL+K to abort Connected to 10.164.39.222 ... Enter password: sftp-client>
# Log in to the SSH server from Client002 in RSA authentication mode.

<client002> system-view [client002] sftp 10.164.39.222 Please input the username: client002 Trying 10.164.39.222 ... Press CTRL+K to abort Connected to 10.164.39.222 ... sftp-client>
Step 7 Verify the configuration. After the configuration is complete, run the display ssh server status and display ssh server session commands. You can see that the SFTP service has been enabled, and the SFTP clients have logged in to the server successfully. # Check the status of the SSH server.
[SSH Server] display ssh server status SSH version SSH connection timeout SSH server key generating interval SSH Authentication retries SFTP Server :1.99 :60 seconds :0 hours :3 times :Enable

[SSH Server] display ssh server session -------------------------------------------------------------------Conn Ver Encry State Auth-type Username -------------------------------------------------------------------VTY 3 2.0 AES run password client001 VTY 4 2.0 AES run rsa client002 --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check information about the SSH users.

[SSH Server] display ssh user-information ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Username Auth-type User-public-key-name ------------------------------------------------------------------------------client001 password null client002 rsa RsaKey001 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----End
Configuration Files
l Configuration file of the SSH server.
# sysname SSH Server # rsa peer-public-key rsakey001 public-key-code begin 3047 0240 C4989BF0 416DA8F2 2675910D 7F2997E8 5573A35D 0163FD4A FAC39A6E 0F45F325 A4E3AA1D 54692B04 C6A28D3D C58DE2E8 E0D58D65 7A25CF92 A74D21F9 E917182B 0203 010001 public-key-code end peer-public-key end # aaa local-user client001 password simple huawei local-user client001 service-type ssh local-user client001 ftp-directory flash: local-user client002 ftp-directory flash: # sftp server enable ssh user client002 authentication-type rsa ssh user client002 assign rsa-key RsaKey001 # user-interface vty 0 4 authentication-mode aaa protocol inbound ssh # Return
Configuration file of Client001 on the SSH client

Configuration file of Client002 on the SSH client

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8.8.5 Example for Authenticating SSH Through RADIUS

In this example, a user that attempts to access the SSH server is authenticated by the RADIUS server, and the SSH server determines whether to set up a connection with the user according to the authentication result.
When an RADIUS user is connected to an SSH server, the SSH server sends the user name and password of the SSH client to the RADIUS server (compatible with the TACACS server) for authentication. The RADIUS server authenticates the user and sends the result (passed or failed) back to the SSH server. If the authentication is successful, the user level is sent along with the result. The SSH server determines whether the SSH client is allowed to set up a connection according to the authentication result. Figure 8-13 shows the networking diagram. Figure 8-13 Networking diagram of authenticating the SSH through RADIUS
GE1/0/0 10.164.39.222/24 GE1/0/0 10.164.39.221/24
10.164.6.49/24
SSH Client
SSH Server
Radius Server
The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Configure the RADIUS template on the SSH server. Configure a domain on the SSH server. Create a user on the RADIUS server. Generate the local key pair on STelnet client and SSH server respectively. Generate the local key pair on the client and SSH server . Generate the RSA public key on SSH server and bind the RSA public key of the SSH client to ssh2@ssh.com. Enable the STelnet and SFTP services on the SSH server. Configure the service mode and authorization directory of the SSH user. Users ssh1@ssh.com and ssh2@ssh.com log in to the SSH server through STelnet and SFTP respectively.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data: l
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Configure the password authentication for the two SSH users .

l l l l
RADIUS authentication Name of the RADIUS template Name of the RADIUS domain Name and password of the RADIUS user
Procedure
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] rsa local-key-pair create The key name will be: Host The range of public key size is (512 ~ 2048). NOTES: If the key modulus is greater than 512, It will take a few minutes. Input the bits in the modulus[default = 512]: 768 Generating keys... .......++++++++++++ ..........++++++++++++ ...................................++++++++ ......++++++++
Step 2 Configure the RSA public key on the server. # Generate a local key pair on the client.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname client [client] rsa local-key-pair create

[client] display rsa local-key-pair public ===================================================== Time of Key pair created: 16:38:51 2007/5/25 Key name: Host Key type: RSA encryption Key ===================================================== Key code: 3047 0240 BFF35E4B C61BD786 F907B5DE 7D6770C3 E5FD17AB 203C8FCB BBC8FDF2 F7CB674E 519E8419 0F6B97A8 EA91FC4B B9E18836 5E74BFD5 4C687767 A89C6B43 1D7E3E1B 0203 010001 ===================================================== Time of Key pair created: 16:38:51 2007/5/25 Key name: Server Key type: RSA encryption Key ===================================================== Key code: 3067 0260 BCFAC085 49A2E70E 1284F901 937D7B63 D7A077AB D2797280 4BCA86C0 4CD18B70 5DFAC9D3 9A3F3E74 9B2AF4CB 69FA6483 E87DA590 7B47721A 16391E27 1C76ABAB 743C568B 1B35EC7A 8572A096 BCA9DF0E BC89D3DB 5A83698C 9063DB39 A279DD89 0203 010001 [client]

[Huawei] rsa peer-public-key RsaKey001
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Enter "RSA public key" view, return system view with "peer-public-key end". [Huawei-rsa-public-key] public-key-code begin Enter "RSA key code" view, return last view with "public-key-code end". [Huawei-rsa-key-code] 3047 [Huawei-rsa-key-code] 0240 [Huawei-rsa-key-code] BFF35E4B C61BD786 F907B5DE 7D6770C3 E5FD17AB [Huawei-rsa-key-code] 203C8FCB BBC8FDF2 F7CB674E 519E8419 0F6B97A8 [Huawei-rsa-key-code] EA91FC4B B9E18836 5E74BFD5 4C687767 A89C6B43 [Huawei-rsa-key-code] 1D7E3E1B [Huawei-rsa-key-code] 0203 [Huawei-rsa-key-code] 010001 [Huawei-rsa-key-code] public-key-code end [Huawei-rsa-public-key] peer-public-key end
Step 3 Create SSH users. Create users ssh1@ssh.com and ssh2@ssh.com on the RADIUS server. Specify the NAS's IP address 10.164.39.222 and set the password to huawei. The NAS's IP address is the IP address of the SSH server connected to the RADIUS server. # Configure VTY user interfaces on the SSH server.
[Huawei] user-interface vty 0 4 [Huawei-ui-vty0-4] authentication-mode aaa [Huawei-ui-vty0-4] protocol inbound ssh [Huawei-ui-vty0-4] quit
# Create users ssh1@ssh.com and ssh2@ssh.com on the SSH server and set the authentication mode.
[Huawei] aaa [Huawei-aaa] local-user ssh1@ssh.com password cipher huawei [Huawei-aaa] local-user ssh2@ssh.com password cipher huawei [Huawei-aaa] quit
Step 4 Configure a RADIUS server template. # Configure an authentication scheme newscheme and set the authentication mode to RADIUS authentication.
[Huawei] aaa [Huawei-aaa] authentication-scheme newscheme [Huawei-aaa-authen-newscheme] authentication-mode radius [Huawei-aaa-authen-newscheme] quit
# Configure a RADIUS server template ssh on the SSH server.

[Huawei] radius-server template ssh
# Specify the RADIUS server at 10.164.6.49 as the RADIUS authentication and set the authentication port number to 1812.
[Huawei-radius-ssh] radius-server authentication 10.164.6.49 1812
# Set the shared key of the RADIUS server to huawei.

[Huawei-radius-ssh] radius-server shared-key cipher huawei [Huawei-radius-ssh] quit
Step 5 Configure the RADIUS domain name on the SSH server. # Set the RADIUS domain name to ssh.com and apply the authentication scheme newscheme and RADIUS server template ssh to the RADIUS domain.
[Huawei] aaa [Huawei-aaa] domain ssh.com [Huawei-aaa-domain-ssh.com] authentication-scheme newscheme [Huawei-aaa-domain-ssh.com] radius-server ssh
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[Huawei-aaa-domain-ssh.com] quit [Huawei-aaa] quit
Step 6 Connect the SSH client to the SSH server. # Enable the SFTP service on the SSH server.
[Huawei] sftp server enable
# Enable initial authentication on the SSH client if it logs in for the first time.
[client] ssh client first-time enable [client] quit
# Log in to the SSH server from the STelnet client in RADIUS authentication mode.
<client> system-view [client] stelnet 10.164.39.222 Please input the username: ssh1@ssh.com Trying 10.164.39.222 ... Press CTRL+K to abort Connected to 10.164.39.222 ... The server is not authenticated. Do you continue to access it?(Y/N):y Save the server's public key? [Y/N] :y The server's public key will be saved with the name: 10.164.39.222. Please wait... Enter password:
Enter the password huawei. The following information indicates that the login succeeds.
Info: The max number of VTY users is 10, and the current number of VTY users on line is 2. <Huawei>
# Log in to the SSH server from the SFTP client in RADIUS authentication mode.
<client> system-view [client] sftp 10.164.39.222 Please input the username: ssh2@ssh.com Trying 10.164.39.222 ... Press CTRL+K to abort Connected to 10.164.39.222 ... Enter password: sftp-client>
Step 7 Verify the configuration. After the preceding configuration is complete, run the display radius-server configuration and display ssh server session commands on the SSH server to view the RADIUS server configuration and the SSH session status. You can see that the STelnet and SFTP clients have logged in to the SSH server. # View the configuration of the RADIUS server.
[Huawei-aaa] display radius-server configuration ------------------------------------------------------------------Server-template-name : ssh Protocol-version : standard Traffic-unit : B Shared-secret-key : N`C55QK<`=/Q=^Q`MAF4<1!! Timeout-interval(in second) : 5 Primary-authentication-server : 10.164.6.49 :1812 LoopBack:NULL Primary-accounting-server : 0.0.0.0 :0 LoopBack:NULL Secondary-authentication-server : 0.0.0.0 :0 LoopBack:NULL Secondary-accounting-server : 0.0.0.0 :0 LoopBack:NULL Retransmission : 3 Domain-included : YES -------------------------------------------------------------------

[Huawei] display ssh server session -------------------------------------------------------------------Conn Ver Encry State Auth-type Username -------------------------------------------------------------------VTY 0 2.0 AES run password ssh1@ssh.com VTY 1 2.0 AES run password ssh2@ssh.com --------------------------------------------------------------------
----End
Configuration Files
Configuration file of the SSH server
# radius-server template ssh radius-server authentication 10.164.6.49 1812 # rsa peer-public-key rsakey001 public-key-code begin 3047 0240 C4989BF0 416DA8F2 2675910D 7F2997E8 5573A35D 0163FD4A FAC39A6E 0F45F325 A4E3AA1D 54692B04 C6A28D3D C58DE2E8 E0D58D65 7A25CF92 A74D21F9 E917182B 0203 010001 public-key-code end peer-public-key end # aaa authentication-scheme newscheme authentication-mode radius # domain ssh.com authentication-scheme newscheme radius-server ssh # sftp server enable ssh user ssh1@ssh.com ssh user ssh2@ssh.com ssh user ssh2@ssh.com assign rsa-key RsaKey001 # user-interface vty 0 4 authentication-mode aaa protocol inbound ssh # return
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9 Upgrade and Maintenance
9
About This Chapter
Upgrade and Maintenance
Upgrade and maintenance of the router can optimize device performance, monitor device operation status, simplify operation and maintenance, and reduce carriers' Operation Expenditure (OPEX). 9.1 Upgrade and Maintenance Overview Devices can be upgraded and maintained by activating GTL license files, upgrading system software, managing patches, monitoring CPU and memory usage, or restarting devices. 9.2 Activating a GTL License File A GTL license file is an authorization file that controls the capacity and functions of a device. 9.3 Upgrading System Software Software upgrade can optimize device performance, add new features, and update the current software version. 9.4 Managing Patches This section describes several operations that can be performed on patches. You can install patches to upgrade the system without interrupting services, specify the patch file to be used after the next startup, uninstall patches to deactivate the patches that do not meet system requirements, or delete the unwanted patches to release the memory of the patch area on the MPU. 9.5 Monitoring CPU and Memory Usage Configuring CPU and memory usage thresholds allows CPU and memory usage to be monitored and system performance to be known in time. 9.6 Restarting the Device After the system software of the router is upgraded, the router must be restarted to make the configuration take effect. To prevent the system from breaking down due to a large number of temporary files, the router also must be restarted. 9.7 Configuration Examples This section provides configuration examples for upgrade and maintenance, including networking requirements, precautions, and configuration roadmap. The configuration flowchart will help you understand the configuration procedures.
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9.1 Upgrade and Maintenance Overview

Devices can be upgraded and maintained by activating GTL license files, upgrading system software, managing patches, monitoring CPU and memory usage, or restarting devices.
9.1.1 License Authorization

The AR1200-S provides a management platform of license authorization. You can apply for, upgrade, and activate license files to obtain corresponding rights. If new devices are deployed, you can purchase new licenses as needed to enable licensecontrolled features and functions on the devices. This reduces purchase costs. If the capacities of the existing devices are expanded, you can update the licenses used on the devices to enable more license-controlled features and functions.
9.1.2 Software Upgrade

Software upgrade meets users' requirements for new functions by upgrading the patch file, system software, configuration file, PAF file, and license file. Software upgrade involves software downloading and software loading. Software downloading includes: l l Remote downloading Local downloading
9.1.3 Patch Management

Loading a patch onto the system software allows the system software to be upgraded in service without interrupting services on the device. This also improves Quality of Service (QoS). During device operation, the system software may need to be modified due to system bugs or new function requirements. The traditional way is to upgrade the system software after powering off the device. This, however, interrupts services and affects QoS. By means of patch management, the system software can be upgraded in service without interrupting services. Table 9-1 provides details on patch status. Table 9-1 Description of patch status Patch Status None Description A patch file is saved to the storage medium but has not been loaded to the patch area in memory. Patch Status Transition The patch file will be in the running state after being loaded from the storage medium to the patch area in memory.
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Patch Status Running
Description A patch file is in the running state when it is stored in the patch area and run permanently. If a board is reset, the patch files in the running state on the board remain in the running state.
Patch Status Transition A patch file in the running state can be deleted from the patch area in memory.
Figure 9-1 shows patch status transition. Figure 9-1 Patch status transition
Upload and Run patch Delete patch
Patch Status: none
Patch Status: running
9.1.4 CPU and Memory Usage Thresholds

Configuring CPU and memory usage thresholds allows CPU and memory usage and system performance to be monitored. l A log is recorded when CPU usage exceeds the configured threshold. If CPU usage exceeds the threshold, an alarm will be generated and logged. You can query the log to know CPU usage. l A log is recorded when memory usage exceeds the configured threshold. If memory usage exceeds the threshold, an alarm will be generated and logged. Users can query the log to know memory usage.
9.1.5 Device Restart

A device can be restarted immediately or as scheduled. In some special cases, for example, during system upgrade, the router must be restarted to make the configuration take effect. In addition to powering off a device, the AR1200-S supports the following methods of restarting the router: l l Immediate restart Scheduled restart
9.2 Activating a GTL License File

A GTL license file is an authorization file that controls the capacity and functions of a device.

A GTL license file must be activated if license-controlled features need to be used on a newly purchased device, or the activated GTL license file on the existing device has expired.
l Activating a new GTL license for the first time If you have purchased a new device, you need to apply for and purchase a GTL license file to obtain the authorization of related service modules. After the GTL license file is activated, the license-controlled service modules can be used. l Activating an updated GTL license file If a device has an activated GTL license file but the GTL license file has expired, you need to apply for a new GTL license file, update it, and then activate it. Otherwise, the GTL license file will become invalid upon expiration. As a result, function modules will be disabled and services will be interrupted. Before updating a GTL license file, check whether a new GTL license needs to be applied for. If the authorization value of the new GTL license file is smaller than that of the current GTL license file, an interactive message is displayed to prompt you whether to activate the new GTL license file. If you enter Y, the system informs you of a GTL license file update success. If you enter N, the system informs you of a GTL license update failure, and displays the status of the current GTL license file. Before activating a GTL license file, check that the GTL license file is suffixed with .dat. After obtaining a GTL license file, use a notepad program to check whether the ESN on the MPU is the same as that in the GTL license file.
NOTE
The GTL license file is suffixed with .dat.
A GTL license file has two versions, namely, Demo and Comm. Version COMM DEMO Period of Validity As defined in a contract Usually 60 days, which varies according to products Reservation Period Usually 90 days and at most 180 days Usually 60 days, which varies according to products You can run the display license state command to view how long a license in the Demo version will expire.
The reservation period refers to the number of days for which you can continue to use a function after the relevant license expires. The system prompts you with a message in the reservation period. If you intend to continue to use the GTL license file, apply for a new GTL license.
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Before activating a GTL license file, complete the following tasks: l l Applying for a GTL license file Installing the GTL license file
Data Preparation
To activate a GTL license file, you need the following data. No. 1 Data GTL license file name
9.2.2 Uploading a GTL License File

The GTL license file that has been applied for can be activated only after the file has been uploaded to the storage medium on a device.
Context
Before uploading a GTL license file, run the dir command to check the remaining space of the storage media on the device. Make sure that there is enough space in the storage media to store the GTL license file.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
dir device-name
Check whether the GTL license file is existed. The license file is in the .dat format and can be stored in the flash memory or USB flash drive.
NOTE
l A user who uses the GTL license for the first time must buy the GTL license from Huawei, and then load the GTL license file to the main control board. l A user who wants to upgrade the GTL license needs to run the license revoke command to obtain an invalidation code, and then apply to Huawei for a new GTL license by using the invalidation code. The user also needs to load the new GTL license file to the main control board.
----End
9.2.3 Activating the GTL License File

After activating the GTL license, you are allowed to operate the corresponding service modules.
Context
Before activating the GTL license, run the dir *.dat command to verify that the license file has been loaded to the USB flash drive, or flash memory..
Procedure
l Activate the GTL license for the first time. 1. Run:
license active file-name
The GTL license is activated and you obtained permission.

NOTE
If you use the GTL license for the first time, buy the GTL license file from Huawei.
Upgrade the GTL license. 1. Run:

license revoke
The GTL license invalidation code is returned.

NOTE
Apply to Huawei for a new GTL license by using the invalidation code.
2.
Run:
The GTL license is activated and you obtained permission. ----End
9.2.4 (Optional) Enabling the Emergency State of the GTL License Module
Enabling the Emergency state of the GTL license module allows a device to use the maximum specification of each feature or function.
Context
The Emergency state of a GTL license module can be enabled on the router in any of the following situations: l l l The GTL license file of the Comm version has been activated and is in the Normal state. The GTL license file of the Demo version has been activated and is in the Demo state. The Emergency state can be enabled again only on the last day of the previous enabling operation.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
license emergency
The Emergency state of the GTL license module is enabled.

NOTE
After the Emergency state is enabled, note the following points: l The Emergency state cannot be cancelled manually. l The Emergency state can only be enabled three times, and can last seven days every time it is enabled. l The Emergency state can be enabled again only on the last day of the previous enabling operation.
----End

After the GTL license file has been activated, you can view information about the GTL license file on the master and slave MPUs.
Prerequisite
The configurations of activating the GTL license file are complete.
Procedure
l l Run the display license command to check information about the GTL license file on the master and slave MPUs. Run the display license state command to check the license type.
----End
Example
<Huawei> display license <Huawei> display license Active License on master board: flash:/LIC_ON77076_A6D2CE1AEC3_AR.dat Active license License state Revoke ticket Product Product License 23456789 License Creator Created Country Custom Office name version file ESN : flash:/LIC_ON77076_A6D2CE1AEC3_AR.dat : Demo : No ticket : AR : V200R001 : AR00050123456789,AR00060123456789,AR00070123456789,AR000801 LIC20110309010210 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011-03-09 19:36:14 China R&D of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Shenzhen ACCESS DEMO 2011-06-07 60 LLE0IPPBX01 Function 1 1 Normal 2011-06-07 60 LLE0IPPBX01
Serial No : : Time : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
Feature name Authorize type Expired date Trial days Item name Item type Control value Used value Item state Item expired date Item trial days Description
9.3 Upgrading System Software

Software upgrade can optimize device performance, add new features, and update the current software version.

To add new features or optimize device performance based on customer requirements, you can upgrade the current system software.
Before upgrading system software, you can select resource files as needed.
NOTE
Note the following points before upgrading system software: l l l l Obtain the new system software and relevant documents for the upgrade from Huawei. Refer to the related Upgrade Guide officially released by Huawei when upgrading a device, because system software versions differ in different types of products. Enable the logging function to record all operations during the upgrade. This facilitates fault analysis and location in case of an upgrade failure. If the device is restarted due to improper resource file configurations, the device will automatically roll the resource file back to the source version after the device has been restarted.
Before upgrading system software, complete the following task: l Making sure that the router to be upgraded is working properly, and logging in to the router successfully
Data Preparation
To upgrade system software, you need the following data. No. 1 2 3 4 Data Baud rate of a serial interface IP address of an FTP server or the router User name and password used for login by means of FTP (Optional) New system software, configuration files, PAF file, license file, and patch file
9.3.2 Checking the System Before the Upgrade

To ensure that a device can be upgraded smoothly, the device must be strictly checked against the checklist.
Procedure
Step 1 Prepare hardware as needed, for example, clear memory space to store new system software and related upgrade files. Step 2 Check whether a new GTL license file needs to be applied for. If it is needed, obtain it from Huawei.
NOTE
l A new GTL License needs to be applied for when a device is upgraded to a new R version or V version. l The obtained new GTL license file is consistent with the system software.
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To view GTL license-controlled features, use the Text Editor to open the GTL license file. The contents in the Resource and Function fields are the resource and function items controlled by the GTL license file. Step 3 Obtain software required for the upgrade. The new system software (.cc file) and relevant documents for the upgrade must be obtained from Huawei. Step 4 In the user view, run the display version command to view the current system software. If the current system software is the same as or later than new system software, the software upgraded is not needed. Step 5 Run the following commands to check the device operation status: Run the display memory-usage command in the user view to check the memory usage of MPUs to ensure that the MPUs are working properly. Run the display health command in the user view and record the command output. If you cannot locate faults that have occurred during the upgrade, provide the information to Huawei technical personnel for troubleshooting. Step 6 Set up an environment where software upgrade can be performed by means of TFTP or FTP. This helps to back up the original resource files before the upgrade and upload the new resource files required for the upgrade. When the system software is upgraded by means of FTP: l If the device to be upgraded functions as a client and a PC functions as a server, you need to install the FTP server software on the PC. You need to purchase and install the FTP server software yourself, because the device is not installed with such software by default. l If the device to be upgraded functions as a server and a PC functions as a client, you do not need to install the FTP server software on the PC. By default, the FTP server function on the device to be upgraded is disabled. To enable the function, run the ftp server enable command. When the system software is upgraded by means of TFTP, the device to be upgraded can only function as a client and does not provide the TFTP server function. In this case, you must install the TFTP server software on the PC. Step 7 Back up the important data stored in the storage media on the device to be upgraded. Step 8 Check the remaining space of the storage media to make sure that there is enough space to store the new system software and related upgrade files. ----End
9.3.3 Downloading Resource Files

Before upgrading the system software, download the required resource files from the server to your local computer and configure a local FTP server.
Context
You can download resource files to the router by using the serial port of a computer or the Ethernet port of the router. This section describes how to download resource files to the router using the serial port.
Procedure
Step 1 Log in to the router from the console port. For details, see 1.2 Logging In to the Device Through the Console Port or Mini USB Port. Step 2 Restart the router. Press Ctrl+B to enter the BootROM menu when the following information is displayed.
Sep 16 2011,17:14:28 Copying Data : Done Uncompressing : Done Initializing SMI Bus:OK Init flash, please wait...... Base Address: 0xfffffffffc000000 Size is: 0x20000000OK flash drv init. Initializing FlashPiece Module: FlashPiece start offset at: 0x300000 FlashPiece size is: 0x100000 Initializing FlashDynamic Module: FlashDynamic start offset at: 0x400000 FlashDynamic size is: 0x200000 Initializing I2C Bus:OK USB2 Host Stack Initialized. USB Hub Driver Initialized USBD Wind River Systems, Inc EHCI Controller found. Waiting to attach to USBD...0xbfffdf0 (tRootTask): usb1_base = 0xbff22000Done. 0xbfffdf0 (tRootTask): usbBulkDevInit() returned OK Press Ctrl+B to break auto startup ... Attached TCP/IP interface to teth1.
NOTE
l If a password is configured, you must enter the password after pressing Ctrl+B to display the BootROM menu (the default password is huawei ). l You can change the password under the BootROM menu. Make a note of your password and keep it in a safe place. The password cannot be restored if it is lost.
Step 3 Select choice 3 to enter the network menu.

Enter Password: Main Menu 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Default Startup Serial Menu Network Menu Startup Select File Manager Reboot
Enter your choice(1-6):3
Step 4 Select choice 2 to modify the parameter.

NetWork Menu 1. Display parameter 2. Modify parameter 3. Save parameter 4. Download file 0. Return Enter your choice(1-10): 2
Set the FTP type, resource file name, management interface address, FTP server address, and FTP user name and password.

NOTE
l FTP types include FTP and TFTP. l Management interface refers to gigabitethernet 0/0/0 on the MPU.
Step 5 After the system returns to the network menu, select choice 4 to download the specified resource file from the local FTP server.
NetWork Menu 1. Display parameter 2. Modify parameter 3. Save parameter 4. Download file 0. Return Enter your choice(1-10): 4
Step 6 Select the location for storing the resource file.

Download file to: [ 1:flash 2:usb0 ]:
Enter the corresponding numeral to select the storage media.

NOTE
The device uses the flash as default setting. The other storage medium such as USB flash drive will be displayed only after they are installed.
Step 7 After the resource file is downloaded, restart the router. ----End
9.3.4 Specifying the System Software to Be Used at the Next Startup

After the system software to be used by the router at the next startup is specified, the patch status file to be used at the next startup must be reset.
Context
Before specifying the system software to be used at the next startup, perform the following operations: Upload the system software to the master and slave MPUs. For details, see the contents of uploading and downloading files in Performing File Operations by Using FTP Commands. Make sure that the storage media on the MPUs have sufficient space to store the system software.
NOTE
Verify the system software to be uploaded by checking its size and date.
Do as follows on the router to be upgraded:
Procedure
Step 1 In the user view, run:
startup system-software system-file
The system software to be used at the next startup is specified for the MPU. Step 2 (Optional) If the upgraded system software needs a corresponding patch file, perform the following operations:
l Run:
startup patch file-name
A patch file to be used at the next startup is specified for the MPU. Step 3 (Optional) Run:
startup saved-configuration configuration-file
The configuration file to be used at the next startup is specified for the MPUs. Step 4 (Optional) Run:
startup license file-name
The license file to be used at the next startup is specified for the MPU. ----End
9.3.5 Configuring a Backup Startup File

After a backup startup software package is configured, the system can restart properly if a fault occurs.
Context
If the storage device where the startup software package is stored is damaged, you can use the backup software package to make the system start.
NOTE
l The file name extension of the system software package must be .cc and the package must be stored in the root directory. l The backup startup software package can be the same as or different from the current startup software package, but it can be used to make the system start.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:startup system-software filename backupThe backup startup software package is specified. ----End
9.3.6 (Optional) Upgrading the BootROM of the LPU

After the system software is upgraded successfully, you need to manually upgrade the BootROM of the 2FE and 1GEC.
Context
After the system software is upgraded successfully, you need to manually upgrade the BootROM of the 2FE and 1GEC.
NOTE
Run the display device command to check whether the device is configured with the successfully registered 2FE or 1GEC.
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Procedure
Step 1 Run:
upgrade slot slot-id startup bootrom
The BootROM is upgraded. Step 2 Run:

reset slot slot-id
The LPU is reset. After the LPU is reset, run the display version slot slot-id command to check whether the BootROM is upgraded successfully. ----End
9.3.7 Restarting a Device

The specified system software to be used at the next startup will take effect only after the device is restarted.
Context
During the upgrade, the device must be restarted in the following situations: l The system software and configuration file to be used at the next startup have been specified.
CAUTION
Before restarting the router, run the save command to save the current configuration file. The router restarts with the specified startup files. If the specified startup files are damaged, the router restarts with the backup startup files. If the router fails to restart with the backup startup files, it searches valid startup files on the storage devices in the sequence "Flash memory-> USB flash drive." When the router finds valid system software packages and configuration files on the storage device, it selects a rollback version within 24 minutes and restarts with the selected version. If the router does not find valid system software and configuration file, it stops at the BootROM menu.
Procedure
l In the user view, run:
reboot [ fast | save diagnostic-information ]
The router is restarted. ----End
9.3.8 (Optional) Activating a GTL License File

Activating a GTL license file allows the GTL license-controlled features to be used on a device.
Context
Before activating the GTL license, run the dir command to verify that the license file has been loaded to the storage device (Flash memory or USB flash drive).
Procedure
l Run:
The GTL license file is activated, and the license-controlled features on the device can be used. ----End

After the system software is upgraded, you can check information about interface parameters and version consistency between resource files.
Prerequisite
The configurations of upgrading system software are complete.
Procedure
l l Run the display patch-information command to check information about all patches. Run the display startup command to check that the values of the "Startup system software" and "Startup saved-configuration file" fields in the command output are the needed ones.
----End
Example
After the patch is installed, run the display patch-information command. You can view the patch status on each board.
<Huawei> display patch-information Patch version : ARV200R001C00SPH100 Patch packet name: flash:/patch_lic2.pat
Run the display startup command. You can view the names of the system software and the configuration file used at the startup. For example:
flash:/ar0215_31345_1220.cc flash:/ar0215_31345_1220.cc null flash:/iascfg.zip flash:/iascfg.zip null null null null null null
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9.4 Managing Patches

This section describes several operations that can be performed on patches. You can install patches to upgrade the system without interrupting services, specify the patch file to be used after the next startup, uninstall patches to deactivate the patches that do not meet system requirements, or delete the unwanted patches to release the memory of the patch area on the MPU.

To rectify system vulnerabilities or defects, you can install patches in the system. Installing patches allows the system to be upgraded without interrupting services.
During patch installation, the patch is installed onto the MPU and all LPUs. You can use either of the following methods to install patches: l Installing a patch file immediately: The patch file takes effect after a command is used to run the patch file, without having to restart the device. For details, see Installing a Patch. Specifying a patch file to be used at the next startup: The patch file takes effect after the device is restarted.
Before managing patches, complete the following tasks: l l Making sure that the router is working properly Storing patches in the storage medium on the router
Data Preparation
To manage patches, you need the following data. No. 1 Data Patch file
9.4.2 Installing a Patch

You can load and run a patch in the user view. This allows the device performance to be optimized.
Context
Only one patch file can be run in the system at a time. Therefore, display patch-information run the command before patch installation to check information about all patches, including the
running patches. If the command output shows that there is a running patch file in the system, delete the running patch file. In addition, perform the following operations before patch installation: l Upload a patch file to the master MPU. For details, see the contents of uploading and downloading files in Performing File Operations by Using FTP Commands.
Procedure
Step 1 Enter the user view. Step 2 Run:
patch load patchname all run
The patch is activated.

NOTE
l The patch load patchname all run command can activate only one patch file each time. l Each patch is developed incrementally based on the earlier version. If the incremental patch patchB.pat is activated when the system is running the earlier version patchA.pat, patchB.pat takes effect. To run patchA.pat again, run the patch delete all command to delete patches in the system, and load and activate patchA.pat. Alternatively, run the startup patch command to specify patchA.pat as the next startup patch, and then restart the device to make patchA.pat effective.
----End
9.4.3 Specifying a Patch File to Be Used at the Next Startup

If you do not want the patch file that has been uploaded to the storage media to take effect, you can specify a patch file to be used at the next startup. In this manner, the patch file will take effect after the device is restarted.
Context
Before specifying a patch file to be used at the next startup, the following tasks must be completed: l Upload the specified patch file to the storage medium on the master MPU. For details, see the contents of uploading and downloading files in Performing File Operations by Using FTP Commands.
Procedure
Step 1 In the use view, run:
startup patch file-name
The patch file (*.pat) to be used at the next startup is specified for the master and slave MPUs. ----End
Follow-up Procedure
After the patch file to be used at the next startup has been specified, run the display startup command to view the value of the "Next startup patch package" field on the MPUs.
9.4.4 Uninstalling a Patch

If an installed patch does not meet system requirements, or more storage space of the patch area is needed, you can uninstall the patch by running a command in the user view.
Context
Only one patch file can be run in the system during patch installation. Therefore, delete the running patch file from the patch area before loading and running a new patch file.
Procedure
Step 1 Enter the user view. Step 2 Run:
patch delete all
All patches in the system are deleted. ----End
Follow-up Procedure
After patch files have been deleted, run the following command to verify the configuration. l Run the display patch-information command to check the patch status.
<Huawei> display patch-information Info: No patch in the system

After patch installation is complete, you can view patch information, such as the patch status.
Prerequisite
The configurations of patch installation are complete.
Procedure
l Run the display patch-information command to check information about all patches. ----End
Example
After a patch has been installed, run the display patch-information command. You can view the patch status on each board.
<Huawei> display patch-information Patch version : ARV200R001C00SPH100 Patch packet name: flash:/patch_lic2.pat
9.5 Monitoring CPU and Memory Usage

Configuring CPU and memory usage thresholds allows CPU and memory usage to be monitored and system performance to be known in time.

Before setting CPU and memory usage thresholds, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the data required for the configuration. This will help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
The CPU and memory are a key part of a device. A lot of routing information or fast route algorithms in the system will consume a large number of CPU resources, affecting system performance. As a result, the device is unable to process data in time, a lot of packets may be lost, or the system may break down. All these will bring an incalculable loss to customers. If alarms of high CPU and memory usage can be generated during data processing on the router, the CPU and memory usage can be effectively monitored, and the system performance can be optimized. This also allows the system to work properly.
Before setting CPU and memory usage thresholds, complete the following task: l Making sure that the router is working properly
Data Preparation
To set CPU and memory usage thresholds, you need the following data. No. 1 2 Data CPU usage thresholds, including an alarm threshold and a clear alarm threshold Memory usage threshold
9.5.2 Setting CPU Usage Thresholds

Setting CPU usage thresholds allows CPU usage to be monitored.
Context
Two CPU usage thresholds are set: l l Alarm threshold: indicates that the system generates an alarm when the CPU usage reaches the alarm threshold. Clear alarm threshold: indicates that the alarm is cleared when the CPU usage falls below the clear alarm threshold.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view
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set cpu-usage threshold threshold-value [ restore restore-threshold-value ] [ slot slot-id ]
An alarm threshold and a clear alarm threshold are set for the CPU usage on an MPU or an LPU in a specified slot.
NOTE
By default, the alarm threshold of CPU usage is 80%, and the clear alarm threshold of CPU usage is 75%.
----End
9.5.3 Setting a Memory Usage Threshold

Setting a memory usage threshold allows memory usage to be monitored.
Context
Alarm threshold of memory usage: indicates that the system generates an alarm when the memory usage reaches the alarm threshold.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view

set memory-usage threshold threshold-value
An alarm threshold is set for memory usage. Default settings are as follows: l If the memory of an LPU is smaller than 128 MB, the alarm threshold of memory usage is 80%. l If the memory of an LPU ranges from 128 MB to 256 MB, the alarm threshold of memory usage is 85%. l If the memory of an LPU ranges from 256 MB to 512 MB, the alarm threshold of memory usage is 90%. l If the memory of an LPU is larger than 512 MB, the alarm threshold of memory usage is 95%. ----End

After CPU and memory usage thresholds are set, you can view information about the CPU usage and memory usage.
Prerequisite
The configurations of CPU and memory usage are complete.
Procedure
l l l Run the display cpu-usage command to check CPU usage. Run the display cpu-usage [ configuration ] [ slot slot-id ] command to check CPU usage. Run the display memory-usage thresholdcommand to check memory usage.
----End
9.6 Restarting the Device

After the system software of the router is upgraded, the router must be restarted to make the configuration take effect. To prevent the system from breaking down due to a large number of temporary files, the router also must be restarted.

Before restarting the router, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment, complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the data required for the configuration. This will help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
After the system software of the router is upgraded, the router must be restarted to make the configuration take effect. To prevent the system from breaking down due to a large number of temporary files, the router also must be restarted. The AR1200-S provides two methods of restarting the router: l l Immediate restart Scheduled restart
Before restarting the router, complete the following tasks: l l Making sure that the router is working properly Making sure that the local and remote connections are working properly
Data Preparation
To restart the router, you need the following data. No. 1 2 Data Time to restart the router Wait time before restarting the router
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9.6.2 Restarting the Device Immediately

Before restarting the router, you must choose whether to save the current configuration file of the router.
Context
CAUTION
Running the reboot command is not recommended, because this will interrupt network services in a short period. Before restarting the router, choose whether to save the configuration file of the router.
Procedure
l Run:
reboot [ fast ]
The router is restarted immediately. ----End
9.6.3 Configuring the Device to Restart as Scheduled

You can configure the router to restart as scheduled by setting the restart time or the wait time before the restart.
Context
Do as follows on the router that needs to restart as scheduled:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
schedule reboot at exact-time
The router is configured to restart as scheduled, and the restart time is set. Step 2 Run:
schedule reboot delay interval
The router is configured to restart as scheduled, and the wait time before the restart is set. You can choose either Step 1 or Step 2 to configure the router to restart as scheduled. If you need to perform other operations before the device restart, perform Step 2 to set the wait time before the restart. By default, the function of configuring a device to restart as scheduled is disabled. ----End

After the router has been configured to restart as scheduled, you can view parameters set for the scheduled restart.
Prerequisite
The configurations of restarting the router as scheduled are complete.
Procedure
l Run the display schedule reboot command to check the parameters set for the scheduled restart of the router.
----End
Example
# View the configuration of the router restart, with the restart time at 00:00.
<Huawei> display schedule reboot Info:System will reboot at 00:00:00 2009/07/01 (in 12 hours and 33 minutes).
# View the configuration of the router restart, with the wait time of 12 hours before the restart.
<Huawei> display schedule reboot Info:System will reboot at 23:27:14 2009/06/30 (in 11 hours and 59 minutes).

This section provides configuration examples for upgrade and maintenance, including networking requirements, precautions, and configuration roadmap. The configuration flowchart will help you understand the configuration procedures.
9.7.1 Example for Upgrading System Software

This section provides detailed procedures for upgrading system software. This will help you to complete the upgrade task quickly and accurately.
The current system software needs to be upgraded if it cannot provide additional features or larger specifications required by customers. As shown in Figure 9-2, the system software of the cannot meet customer's requirements and needs to be upgraded. Huawei has provided related upgrade files for the customer to perform software upgrade on the. Figure 9-2 Networking diagram for upgrading system software
GE2/0/0 10.1.1.1/24 MPLS Core PE FTP Server PC 10.1.1.2/24

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Precautions
l l The key data in the storage medium on the device must be backed up to the PC. The remaining space of the storage media must be checked to make sure that there is enough space to store new system software.
The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Specify FTP as the mode of uploading the system software, the device as the FTP server, user 1 as the user name, and huawei as the user password. Specify the system software and configuration file to be used at the next startup. Save the configuration file and restart the device. Verify the configuration.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data: l l l l System software version before the upgrade, which is V200R001C00_ch.cc in this example New system software version, which is V200R001C00_ch.cc in this example Backup startup software version, which is V200R001C00_backup.cc Size of the remaining space of the storage media
Procedure
Step 1 Upload the new system software. # Configure the device as an FTP server.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname HuaWei [HuaWei] ftp server enable Info: Succeeded in starting the FTP server. [HuaWei] aaa [HuaWei-aaa] local-user user1 password simple huawei info: A new user added [HuaWei-aaa] local-user user1 service-type ftp [HuaWei-aaa] local-user user1 ftp-directory flash:/ [HuaWei-aaa] quit [HuaWei] quit
After the preceding configurations are complete, run the display local-user command to check information about the user.
<HuaWei> display local-user ---------------------------------------------------------------------------User-name State AuthMask AdminLevel ---------------------------------------------------------------------------user1 A H user2 A A ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 2 user(s)
# On the PC, specify the binary format as the file transfer mode, and c:\temp as the working directory.

NOTE
The Windows XP operating system is used as an example.
Store the uploaded file in the specified directory (C:\temp in this example). Choose Start > Run and enter cmd. Then, press Enter. Enter FTP 10.1.1.1. At the prompt of "user", enter the user name. At the prompt of "password", enter the password. The following configurations are displayed:
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator> ftp 10.1.1.1 Connect to 10.1.1.1. 220 FTP server ready. User <10.1.1.1:<none>>:user1 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 User logged in.
Specify a directory and a file transfer mode on the FTP client to store the uploaded file.
ftp> binary 200 Type set to I. ftp> lcd c:\temp Local directory now c:\temp.
# On the PC, upload the new system software (*.cc) to the device.
ftp> put V200R001C00_ch.cc 200 Port command okay. 226 Transfer complete.
Step 2 Specify the system software and configuration file to be used at the next startup. # Specify the system software to be used at the next startup.
<HuaWei> startup system-software flash:/V200R001C00_ch.cc This operation will take several minutes, please wait.......... Info: Succeeded in setting the file for booting system
# Specify the configuration file to be used at the next startup.

<HuaWei> startup saved-configuration aa.cfg This operation will take several minutes, please wait... Info: Succeeded in setting the file for booting system
# View the system software and configuration file to be used at the next startup, and check that the system software is the specified one.
<HuaWei> display startup MainBoard : Startup system software : Next startup system software : Backup system software for next startup: Startup saved-configuration file: Next startup saved-configuration file : Startup license file: Next startup license file: Startup patch package: Next startup patch package: Startup voice-files: Next startup voice-files:
flash:/V200R001C00_ch.cc flash:/V200R001C00_ch.cc null flash:/iascfg.zip flash:/aa.cfg null null null null null null
Step 3 Specify the backup startup software. # After a backup startup software package is configured, the system can restart properly if a fault occurs.
<HuaWei> startup system-software V200R001C00_backup.cc backup This operation will take several minutes, please wait... Info: Succeeded in setting the backup file for booting system
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Step 4 Save the configuration file and restart the device. # Save the configuration file.
<HuaWei> save The current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? [Y/N]:y It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait... Configuration file had been saved successfully Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated
# Restart the device.

<HuaWei> reboot Info: The system is comparing the configuration, please wait. Warning: All the configuration will be saved to the next startup configuration. Continue ? [y/n]:y It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait........ Configuration file had been saved successfully Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated System will reboot! Continue ? [y/n]:y Info: system is rebooting ,please wait...
Step 5 Verify the configuration. After the device has been restarted, run the display version command. You can view that the current system software is a new version. It means that the system software upgrade is successful.
<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname HuaWei [HuaWei] display version Huawei Versatile Routing Platform Software VRP (R) software, Version 5.90 (AR1220-S V200R001C00) Copyright (C) 2000-2010 Huawei Technologies Co., LTD Huawei AR1220-S Router uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 3 hours, 59 minutes BKP 0 version information: 1. PCB Version : AR01BAK1A VER.C 2. If Supporting PoE : Yes 3. Board Type : AR1220-S 4. MPU Slot Quantity : 1 5. LPU Slot Quantity : 2 MPU 0(Master) : uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 3 hours, 59 minutes SDRAM Memory Size : 512 M bytes Flash Memory Size : 256 M bytes NVRAM Memory Size : 512 K bytes MPU version information : 1. PCB Version : AR01SRU1A VER.A 2. MAB Version : 0 3. Board Type : AR1220-S 4. CPLD1 Version : 100 5. BootROM Version : LPU 1 : uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 3 hours, 53 minutes SDRAM Memory Size : 256 M bytes Flash Memory Size : 64 M bytes LPU version information : 1. PCB Version : AR01SDCE2A VER.A 2. MAB Version : 0 3. Board Type : 2T1-M 4. CPLD1 Version : 0 5. CPLD2 Version : 0 6. BootROM Version : 906 LPU 2 : uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 3 hours, 53 minutes SDRAM Memory Size : 256 M bytes Flash Memory Size : 64 M bytes LPU version information : 1. PCB Version : AR01SDSA2A VER.A
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. MAB Board CPLD1 CPLD2 BootROM Version Type Version Version Version : : : : : 0 1SA 0 0 906
----End
9.7.2 Example for Installing a Patch File

This section provides an example for installing a patch without interrupting services.
The device performance needs to be optimized without affecting the use of the current version on the device. As shown in Figure 9-3, the performance of the device needs to be optimized. Huawei has provided a patch file for the customer to install. Figure 9-3 Networking diagram for installing a patch file
GE2/0/0 10.1.1.1/24 MPLS Core PE FTP Server PC 10.1.1.2/24
The configuration roadmap is as follows: 1. 2. 3. Upload the patch file to the storage medium on the MPU. Load and run the patch file. Verify the configuration.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data: l l Patch file name, which is SPH-1.1.952.pat in this example Patch file storage path on the master MPU, which is flash in this example
Procedure
Step 1 Upload the patch file mapping the current system software. # Upload the patch file mapping the current system software to the device from the PC.
ftp> put SPH-1.1.952.pat 200 Port command okay. 226 Transfer complete.
Step 2 Load and run the patch.


<HuaWei> patch load SPH-1.1.952.pat all run Patch operation succeeded
Step 3 Verify the configuration. After the configuration is complete, run the display patch-information command to view information about the running patch.
<HuaWei> display patch-information Patch version : ARV200R001C00SPH100 Patch packet name: flash:/SPH-1.1.952.pat
----End
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Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers V200R001C01

Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

About This Document

About This Document

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

About This Document

Interface Numbering Conventions

Changes in Issue 02 (2011-10-15)

Changes in Issue 01 (2011-08-15)

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

4 Configuring User Interface........................................................................................................30

5 Configuring User Login.............................................................................................................57

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

6 Managing File System................................................................................................................83

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

7 Configuring System Startup....................................................................................................112

8 Accessing Another Device.......................................................................................................122

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

9 Upgrade and Maintenance.......................................................................................................171

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

1 Logging In to the System for the First Time

Logging In to the System for the First Time

About This Chapter

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

1 Logging In to the System for the First Time

1.2.1 Establishing the Configuration Task

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

1 Logging In to the System for the First Time

1.2.2 Establishing the Physical Connection

1.2.3 Logging in to the router

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

1 Logging In to the System for the First Time

Figure 1-1 Connection creation

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

1 Logging In to the System for the First Time

Figure 1-3 Communication parameter setting

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

2.1 CLI Introduction

2.1.1 Command Line Interface

2.1.2 Command Levels

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

Monitoring level Configuration level Management level

Searching Commands Based on Command Levels

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei AR1200-S Series Enterprise Routers Configuration Guide - Basic Configuration

Figure 2-1 Entering the search window

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.