Chapter 6 Student Edition

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007
CHAPTER 6 :
NUTRITION
Multiple Choice Questions: For question 6-1 to 6-76, each question is followed by four alternative options A,B,C and D. Choose one correct answer for each question and blacken the corresponding space in your objective answer 6.1 Understanding Types Of Nutrition
1.
Organisms which are not able to synthesize their own food are A B C D autotrophs. heterotrophs. parasites. pathogens.
Plants are A B C D autotrophs. heterotrophs. saprophytes. parasites.
Which of the following plants is not capable of carrying out photosynthesis? A B C D Bamboo Sunflower Pitcher plant Mushroom
Which is the mode of nutrition of decomposers? A B C D Saprophytism Parasitism Holozoic nutrition. Autotrophic nutrition
6-1
Which of the following organisms practice parasitism? A B C D Ferns Saprophytic bacteria Tapeworms Amoeba sp
6.2 6
Applying The Concept Of Balanced Diet Why is vitamin E essential in our diet? A B C D Aids absorption of calcium and phosphates. Needed for maintenance of a healthy skin. Reduces muscle cramps. Prevents sterility in both sexes.
What vitamins can be produced by bacterial action in the large intestine? I II III IV A B C D Vitamin A Vitamin B complex Vitamin E Vitamin K I and III only II and IV only I, II and III only IV only
Rich sources of vitamin A are I II III IV A B C D Spinach. Tomato. Bread. Liver. I and III only II and IV only I, II and IV only I and II only
6-2
Which of the following regarding roughage is true? I II III IV A B C D It prevents constipation. It has high energy content. It is made up of plant fibres and cellulose. It helps in peristalsis. I and III only II and IV only I, II and III only I, III and IV only
10
A sample of urine taken from a person suffering from diabetes mellitus was boiled with Benedict's solution. Which of the following results can be obtained? A B C D The mixture becomes purple. A purple precipitate was formed. A brick-red precipitate was formed. The mixture becomes blue.
6.3
Malnutrition
11
Lack of vitamin D in the diet will cause A B C D scurvy. beri-beri. rickets. pellagra.
12
Which of the following is the result of calcium deficiency? I II III IV A B C D Delayed blood clotting Bow legs Dental caries Dry skin I, II and III only I and II only II, and IV only I, II, III and IV
6-3
13
Shortage of lipids in a cell will cause I II III IV A B C D incomplete formation of cell membrane. adipose tissue does not exist. protein synthesis does not occur. muscles will not contract. I and II only II and III only II and IV only III and IV only
14
What happens to the excess amino acid that is absorbed? A B C D Changed to protein to be stored. Changed to urea to be excreted. Changed to adipose tissue to be stored. Changed to digestive enzymes to be used.
15
Which of the following diseases is due to the lack of vitamin in the diet? I II III IV A B C D Xerophthalmia Rickets Pellagra Haemophilia I and III only II and IV only I, II and III only I, III and IV only
6.4
Food Digestion
16. What enzyme does saliva contain ? A B C D Amylase Lipase Protease Sucrase
6-4
17. A B C DIAGRAM 6.1 Which of the following parts of the human digestive system shown Diagram .6.1. does not produce enzymes? 18. Which part of the human digestive system has an enzyme that hydrolyses fats ? A B C D 19. Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum
FF
D
Diagram 6.2 below shows a part of the human digestive system.
DIAGRAM 6.2 What will happen if tube X is blocked ? A B C D No enzymes can go into the duodenum The digestion of carbohydrate will decrease The digestion of fat will decrease Digested food cannot be carried to the liver.
6-5
20. Partially chewed grass is digested in the stomach of a cow. The cow does not produce enzymes to digest the grass. Organisms living in the stomach of the cow produce an enzyme to digest the grass.
What organisms living in the stomach of the cow digest the grass and what enzymes are produced by the organisms? Organism A B C D Bacteria Fungi Viruses Fungi Enzymes produced Cellulase Amylase Protease Lipase
21.
Which of the following graphs show the effect of optimal pH on the rate of reactions of pancreatic enzymes?
6-6
6.5
Absorption And Assimilation Of Digested Food
22.
Which of the following are functions of the liver? I II III IV A B C D Destruction of red blood cells Regulation of blood sugar level Conversion of excess amino acids into urea Synthesis of bile I and III only II and III only II and IV only I,II, III and IV
23.
Amino acids are used for I II III IV A B C D respiration photosynthesis cell growth and cell repair making enzymes and proteins of plasma membrane I and III only II and III only III and IV only II, III and IV only
6-7
Based on diagram 6.3, answer questions 24 and 25 Y
DIAGRAM 6.3 24. Nutrients that can be found in X are I II III IV A B C D 25. glucose vitamin D vitamin C amino acids I, II and III only I, III and IV only II, III and IV only I, II, III and IV
What is the function of the part labelled Y ? I II III IV A B C D to absorb amino acids to transport fatty acids to increase the surface area of the villus to transport glucose and blood II only I and IV only II and III only I, III and IV only
6-8
26.
Which of the following processes can take place in the colon of the human body? I II III IV A B C D Absorption of vitamin K Absorption of water Absorption of mineral salts Secretion of enzymes I, II and III only I, II and IV only II, III and IV only I, II, III and IV
6.6 27.
Formation Of Faeces And Defaecation Which of the following are absorbed through the colon? A B C D Ions and water Ions, water and nutrients Ions and nutrients Nutrients and undigested food
28.
In which part of the large intestine shown in the below diagram 6.4 are heamorrhoids found?
DIAGRAM 6.4 A B C D Anus Colon Rectum Appendix
6-9
29.
Which of the following nutrient are absorbed into the blood capillaries of the villi? I II III IV A B C D Fatty acids Simple sugars Vitamin C Iron I, II and IV only I, III and IV only II, III and IV only I, II, III and IV
30.
What is the function of dietary fibre? A B C D Make food stay longer in intestine Give colour to faeces Stimulate peristalsis Prevent diseases
31.
Constipation is due to faeces being in the large intestine for too long. What type of food can help to overcome constipation? A B C D Food with fat-soluble vitamins like vegetables Liquid food or with high water content High fibrous food like vegetables Food rich in proteins and vitamins
6-10
6.7
Evaluating Eating Habit
The epithelial lining of stomach becomes inflamed 32. The statement above describes a condition of En. Mails stomach. He is most likely suffering from A B C D obesity gastritis bulimia anorexia nervosa
Symptoms: Abdominal pain, nausea, belching, vomiting

33. Patients with the symptoms above may risk getting A B C D 34. ulcer gastritis bulimia obesity
Diagram 6.5 shows an obese person.
DIAGRAM 6.5 He is predisposed to diseases below except A B C D hypertension cardiovascular kidney damage diabetes mellitus
6-11
35.
They lost both fat and muscle and lead to disruptions of the function of the heart and endocrine system
The statement describe the patient of A B C D diabetes bulimia nervosa anorexia nervosa muscular dystrophy
They may have a normal body mass but engage in consuming huge amounts of food within a short period of time
36. The victim with the characteristic above refer to A B C D 37. obesity bulimia nervosa diabetes mellitus anorexia nervosa
Good eating habits ensure good health. Besides eating regulars meals, the types of food are also important. Which of the following statement is not true? A B C D Suitable mineral salts High amount of calories Sufficient water and roughage Contains fats, carbohydrate and proteins
6.8
Importance Of A Healthy Digestive System
38.
What are the ways to maintain a healthy digestive system? I II III IV A B C D Avoid junk food Have a good eating habits Cut down on starchy food Reduce intake of fatty food I and II only III and IV only I, II and IV I, II, III and IV
6-12
39.
If the pancreatic duct is blocked, a man may have difficulty digesting A B C D fat proteins vitamins carbohydrates
40.
Diagram 6.6 shows part of the human alimentary canal.
DIAGRAM 6.6 The movement of food along the alimentary canal is called A B C D 41. chewing peristalsis absorption emulsification
Which of the following are not associated with poor digestion? A B C D Nausea Indigestion Diarrhoea Ingestion
42.
A persons diet contains more protein than is needed for growth and repair. What is the effect of this situation? A B C D An increase in the production of urea An increase in the production of pepsin An increase in the production of lactic acid An increase in the production of carbon dioxide
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43
Diagram 6.7 shows parts of the human alimentary canal.
Structure P
DIAGRAM 6.7 Structure P stores bile. A patient in hospital has had the structure removed and needs a special diet. Which menu would be most suitable for this patient? A B C D 44. Fish in cheese sauce and fruit pie Sausages, boiled potato and cream cake Skinless chicken, green salad and fresh orange Fried fish, potato chips and sweet rice
A patient suffers from a malfunctioning pancreas. Which biological process would be affected? I II III IV A B C D Digestion of food Secretion of pancreatic juice Conversion of glucose to glycogen Conversion of glycogen to glucose I and III only II and IV only I, II and III only I, II, III and IV
6.9
The Importance of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plants
45.
Which of the following statements are true about macronutrients and micronutrients for plant? I II III IV A B C D Each nutrient plays the same role in the growth of plant Macronutrients and micronutrients are essential for the growth of plants Plants only require macronutrient for healthy growth All macronutrients and micronutrients are needed by plant in different quantities I and II only I and III only II and III only II and IV only
6-14
46.
Which of the following is not the correct match of materials ions and their functions? Mineral ions A B C D Calcium Magnesium Nitrate Phosphate Function Major component of the middle of cell wall Component of chlorophyll Important constituent of cellulose Component of tonoplast
47.
Which of the following are examples of major elements in plant nutrition? I II III IV A B C D Boron Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus I, II and III only I, II and IV only II, III and IV only I, II, III and IV
48.
Which of the following elements are needed in large quantities to form chlorophyll? A B C D Calcium and iron Iron and nitrogen Calcium and magnesium Nitrogen and magnesium
6-15
Observation after six weeks Solution Number of leaves X Y Same More Colour of leaves Yellow Yellow TABLE 1 49. An experiment is carried out to study the effect of deficiency of macronutrients. The aquatic plant, Lemna which has green leaves is grown in solution X and solution Y. After six weeks, the observation are as shown in Table 1. Which of the following is true about solution X and solution Y? Solution X A B C D 50. No phosphorus No magnesium No nitrogen No nitrogen Solution Y No nitrogen No phosphorus No phosphorus No magnesium
Diagram 6.8 shows the apparatus set up of an experiment to study the need of nutrient for plant growth.
DIAGRAM 6.8 Tube X is connected to an air pump. What is the function of tube X? A B C D To add nutrient to the culture solution To add oxygen to the culture solution To remove water from the culture solution To remove microorganisms from the culture solution
6-16
51.
The leaves of plant A are dark green, its roots do not develop well and its growth is stunted. Plant A probably lacks A B C D iron sodium phosphorus magnesium
6.10 52.
Photosynthesis Plant requires carbon dioxide and water to synthesise food. Water used by plant comes from A. B. C. D. air soil nutrient leaf
53.
Which of the following substances required for photosynthesis? I. O2 II. CO2 III. H2O IV. C6H12O6 A. B. C. D. I, II and III only I and IV only II and III only I, II, III and IV
54.
Which of the following substances are produced from photosynthesis? A. B. C. D. Glucose, Oxygen and water Glucose, Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Glucose and Energy Energy, Water and Carbon Dioxide
6-17
55.
Diagram 6.9 below shows a section through a leaf of a plant

P
DIAGRAM 6.9 What is the adaptation of the structure P to optimise photosynthesis? A. B. C. D. 56. Have a lot of chloroplast Large air spaces between cell Cylindrical cell arranged end to end in long row Waterproof layer on the surface
Plants from different habitats are adapted to carry out photosynthesis. Which of the following is not the right adaptation for the following plant? A. B. C. D. Bunga Raya or Hibiscus have more stomata at the lower epidermis Water Lily have only stomata at the upper surface of the leaf Hydrilla only have chloroplast at the leaf The stem of cactus have many chloroplast
6.11 57.
The Mechanism Of Photosynthesis Diagram 6.10 below shows the structure of an organelle in plant cell.
DIAGRAM 6.10 Which of the following process occurs in structure Q? A. B. C. D. Reduction of carbon dioxide Water photolysis Respiration Synthesis of protein
6-18
58.
Which of the following statement is true? A. B. C. D. The Hydrogen atoms produced during dark reaction are used in light reaction Light reaction occurs in the granum of the chloroplast Dark reaction only occurs at the night The product of light reaction is converted into starch
59.
In the light reaction A. B. C. D. hydrogen atom reduce carbon dioxide four hydroxyl group combine together to form water and oxygen six unit of (CH2O) combine together to form a molecule of glucose energy from sunlight is absorbed to split water molecules into hydroxyl ions and oxygen ions
60.
Which of the following is true about dark reaction of photosynthesis A. B. C. D. The dark reaction take places in grana Happens both when there is a light and when it is dark Occurs only when it is dark The dark reaction produced water and oxygen
61.
Which of the following equation is the general equation of photosynthesis? A. B. C. D. H2O ---- H+ + OHH+ + electron --- H 6H + 6CO 2 -- C6H12O6 + 6 H2O 6 H2O + 6 CO 2 C6H12O6 + 6 O2
6.12
The Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
62.
The following statements are the factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, except A. B. C. D. light intensity concentration of carbon dioxide temperature pH
6-19
63.
Diagram 6.11 below shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis at different levels of carbon dioxide
Rate of photosynthesis
0.08% Carbon Dioxide 0.04% Carbon Dioxide 0.02% Carbon Dioxide
Light intensity
DIAGRAM 6.11 Based on the above figure, which of the following statement is true A. B. C. D. The temperature and concentration not constant Carbon dioxide is the limiting factor Light intensity is the limiting factor The rate of photosynthesis can be increased by increasing the carbon dioxide concentration 64. Generally, an increase of 10oC in the surrounding temperature will double the rate of photosynthesis. However, when the temperature is too high, the photosynthesis stop. Which of the following statement is true? A. B. C. D. 65. When the temperature is too high, enzymes are denatured The plant cannot absorb any more water When the temperature is too high, the stomata are closed No more carbon dioxide is supplied
Why the rate of photosynthesis is low in the morning and evening and high during midday? A. B. C. D. Light intensity are low and temperature is high in the morning Light intensity are high and temperature are low in the morning Light intensity and temperature are at the highest during midday Dark reaction starts at night when there is no light
6-20
Hydrylla
Sodium bicarbonate solution
lamp
DIAGRAM 6.12 66. The apparatus shown in diagram 6.12 has been set up to investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. The experiment is repeat a few times by adjusting the distant between lamp and Hydrylla sp. Which of the following is true about this experiment? The number of bubbles is used to represent the rate of photosynthesis. The light intensity is decreased progressively by bringing the light bulb nearer to the plant C. The results shows that the number of bubbles per minute increases as the distance between the light bulb and Hydrylla D. 6.13 67. The rate of photosynthesis decreases with light intensity
A. B.
A Caring Attitude towards Plants Why do we need to take good care of plants? I II III IV A B C D Plants supply food for us Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air to prevent the green house effect Plants play an important role in the water cycle Plants prevent soil erosion I and II only I and II and III only II and III and IV only I, II, III and IV
6-21
68.
Why are green plants essential to all other living things? I II III IV A. B. C D. Green plants convert sunlight into chemichal energy which is made available to other living things which eat these plants. Green plants remove carbon dioxide from the air during photosynthesis Green plants remove sulphur dioxide from the air during photosyntesis. Green plants produce oxygen which is used by all living things I and III only I,II and IV only II, III and IV only I, II, III and IV only
6.14 69.
Technology Used in Food Production Which of the following is the necessity for food processing? I II III IV A B C D Ensuring sufficient food supply Avoiding food wastage Preventing food from going bad Creating varieties of food I and II only II and III only I, II and III only I, II III and IV
6-22
70.
Diagram 6.13 shows the products of a method of food production
DIAGRAM 6.13 Which of the following are true about the method? I II III IV A B C D Foods can be preserved over a year Used only for preservation of fish and vegetables Can destroy enzymes and kill microorganisms Discovered by Louis Pasteur I and II only I and III only II and IV only I. III and IV only
Method of planting by replacing the soil medium with culture solution for the plants to grow. 71. Which of the following technology of food production is explained by the information above? A B C D Direct planting Tissue culture Aeroponics Hydroponics
6-23
6.15
Technological Development in Food Processing
72.
Which of the following is true about canning? I II III IV A B C D T h e f o o d i s h e a t e d , sterilized and sealed in airtight containers. Pathogens and bacteria are destroyed. The food can be kept for a long period of time. The quality of food is lost in canned food. I and II only II and III only I, II and III I, II, III and IV
73.
A food processing m ethod which involves culturing microorganism is A B C D pasteurisation. fermentation refrigeration. deh ydratio n
74.
T h e b e n e f i t s f r o m t h e technological development in food processing are I II III IV A B C D avoiding food wastage. producing high quality food. extending the lifespan of food. reducing the spoilage food. I and II only I, II and III only I, II and IV only I, II, III and IV
6-24
75.
Diagram 6.14 shows a type of fruit.
DIAGRAM 6.14 Which of the following food processing methods can be used to prevent the fruit from going bad? I II III IV A B C D Canning Drying Pasteurisation Using salt and sugar I and II only I and III only II and IV only I, II and III only
76.
The following is correct about pasteurisation of milk except A B C D milk is heated to 63 C for 15 minutes milk is rapidly cooled after heating sudden change in temperature kills the microorganisms in milk heating milk for a short period preserves the nutrient content in food
6-25
Structured Items
Answer all questions. Write your answer in the spaces provided in the question paper 6.1 Understanding Types Of Nutrition
1.
Diagram 6.15 shows different types of nutrition. Nutrition
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
X (a)
Diagram 6.15 Give the definitions of: i. Autotrophic nutrition
ii.
Heterotrophic nutrition
[2 marks ] (b) Name the types of nutrition represented by P, Q and R P: Q: R: [ 3 marks] (c) Give one example for each type of the nutrition named in (b)
6-26
[ 3 marks] (d) What are represented by X and Y ?
[2 marks ] (e) Give one example for each type of the nutrition named in (d)
[ 2 marks] 6.2 2. Applying The Concept Of Balanced Diet Diagram 6.16 shows a food pyramid. The correct proportion for the various classes of food is shown in a food pyramid
P Q R S
DIAGRAM 6.16 (a) Name the class of food for each level labelled as P,Q,R and S
6-27
[4 marks] (b) Give an example for each of the food class mentioned in (a).
[4 marks] (c) Give four factors that affect the daily energy requirements of a person
[4 marks]
6.3
Malnutrition
6-28
3.
Diagram 6.17 shows individuals suffering from malnutrition
P (a)
Q DIAGRAM 6.17
What disease are the individuals P, Q and R suffering from?
[ 3 marks] (b) Which substance is deficient in the diet of each of individuals P, Q and R? P: Q: R: [ 3 marks] (c) Name the disease caused by deficiency of each of the following vitamins? i. vitamin B1: ii. vitamin C : [2 marks] (d) State two symptoms for each of the diseases in (c)
[4 marks] 6.4 Food digestion
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4. Diagram 6.18 below shows the stomach of a herbivorous animal.
DIAGRAM 6.18 (a) i. Name an example of an animal that has this type of stomach.
ii.
What is the name of this group of animals?
[ 2 marks] (b) i Name the labelled parts of the stomach.
[ 5 marks] ii State one function for each part.
[5 marks ] (c) i. Which part of the stomach contains micro-organisms?
6-30
ii.
Name the group of micro-organism found in this animals stomach.
iii.
What is the main role of these micro-organisms?
[ 3 marks] 6.5 5. Absorption And Assimilation Of Digested Food Diagram 6.19 below shows the vertical section of the head and mouth of a person.
P Q
DIAGRAM 6.19 (a) State two processes that happen to the food in the mouth.
[2 mark ] (b) State two important reasons for these processes.
[2 mark ]
(c)
Name the labelled parts.
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[ 2 marks] (d) Explain how the process of swallowing occurs in the diagram.
[3 marks ] (e) Food can also enter into tube P. Explain.
[ 1 mark] (f) What is the name of the movement of food along tube Q? [ 1 mark]
An individuals diet consists of white bread, sweet food, meat and high fat foods and this leads to constipation. The doctor advises him to eat more fruits, vegetables and cereals 6. (a) What class of food found in fruits, vegetables and cereals that will help him to prevent constipation? [ 1mark] (b) Explain why the above class of food prevents constipation.
[ 4mark ]
6-32
(c)
Name two diseases ( other than constipation ) that can be prevented with more intake of the above class of food.
[ 2 marks] 6.6 Formation Of Faeces And Defaecation
DIAGRAM 6.20 7. Diagram 6.20 shows the human digestive system. (a) Name organs C and B Organ C Organ B [ 2 marks] (b) Name the enzyme and the product of the food digested in B. Enzyme : Product : [ 2 marks]
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(c)
Name two processes in R. Explain how the ileum is adapted for these processes.
[ 4mark] (d) i. In the box below draw a labelled diagram of the structures found on the cell wall of D. Blood capillaries Epithelium Lacteal
[ 3 mark ] ii State three characteristics of the structure, which help it to perform efficiently.
[ 3 mark ]
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iii.
State the functions of the blood circulatory system and lymphatic system in the structure.
[ 4 mark ] (e) i. Explain the difference between a human and herbivore digestive system.
[ 2 marks] ii State where cellulose digestion takes place in rabbits and cattle.
[ 2 marks] 6.7 Evaluating Eating Habits 8. Table 1 shows an analysis of the contents of a biscuits packets. Carbohydrate Proteins Fats Minerals Vitamins TABLE 1 35.9 % 20.7 % 8.5 % 3.3 % 0.7 %
6-35
a.
i.
Which of the food substances is used for growth and repair a damage cell? [ 1 mark ]
ii
Which of the food substances may contain a simpler sugar?
[ 1 mark ] iii What is the percentage of the food contents that are not included in the list? [ 1 mark ] b. i What kind of food substances is not in the list?
[ 1 mark ] ii Which food in your answer in (b)(i) could help a person to avoid constipation? Explain briefly how it works.
[ 4 marks ] c. Iron is one of the minerals that our body need. Iron requirement is higher in a girl but lower in a boy of the same age. Suggest your answer for this statement.
[ 2 marks ]
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d.
Explain the effects of smoking cigarettes on health problem during pregnancy.
[ 2 mark ] 6.8 Importance Of A Healthy Digestive System
(a)
What type of food is digested in the stomach? [ 1 mark ]
ii
Why is the stomach wall not digested even though there are enzymes inside it? .
[ 2 marks ] (b) i State one function of colon.
ii
State one food which does not need to be digested. ] iii What happen to the undigested food? [ 3 marks ]
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(c).
Explain why most of the food need to be digested.
[ 2 mark ] 6.9 The Importance of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plants
10
Table 2 shows an experiment to study the effects of the lack of nutrient in plants. Bottle Salt 0.8 g/ l calcium nitrate 0.2 g / l calcium nitrate 0.2g / l potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2 g / l magnesium sulphate Ferrum phosphate 1000 cm 3 distilled water
1 X X / / / /
2 / / KCl / X / TABLE 2
3 NaNO3 / / / / /
4 / / / / X /
5 X X / / / /
6 / / / / / /
7 / / / K2SO4 / /
8 / X X / / /
(a)
Which of the bottles contained a complete Knops culture solution?
[1 mark ]
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(b)
State the mineral nutrients that are not present in the following bottles:
[3 marks ] (c) State one effect from the lack of mineral nutrients in the following bottles:
[3 marks ] (d) State the mineral nutrients missing in Bottle 4. [1 mark ] (e) Give one function of i Phosphorus
ii
Magnesium
[2 marks ] [ 2 marks ]
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6.10
Photosynthesis
P:
R:
Q:
DIAGRAM 6.21
S:
11.
Diagram 6.21 shows a cross section of a leaf. (a) The leaf is adapted to optimise photosynthesis through external features and internal features. i. State two adaptation to the structure for external features to optimise photosynthesis
ii.
Explain your answer.
[ 4marks ] (b) (c) Label the boxes in the diagram i. [ 2 marks ] ] ii. Explain your answer in c (i)
State one adaptation of structure P to optimise photosynthesis
[ 2 mark ]
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(d)
State one adaptation of structure S of the plant to optimise photosynthesis and give your explanation. Cactus
Water Lily
[4 mark]
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6.11
The Mechanism Of Photosynthesis Reduced Carbon dioxide to form glucose Process R
Sun
Water
X+ + OH-
Receive electron to form atom X
Process N Process S
Process M
DIAGRAM 6.22 11. (a) State what is X?
Name the process N [ 2 marks ] (b) Explain your answer
[2 marks ]
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(c)
Water used in Process N. Where does the water come from? [1 mark]
(d)
Process R occurs in one part of chloroplast. Name the part. [1 mark ]
(e)
Write down the general equation of photosynthesis [1 mark ]
(f)
State two differences between dark reaction and light reaction
[ 2 marks ] [2 marks ] (g) State one difference between photosynthesis and Process M
[1 mark ] (h) State what happens to the Hidroxide ions during Process S
[1 mark ]
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6.12
The Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

Rate of photosynthes is
Rate of photosynthesis
0.13% CO2 at 30 oC 0.03% CO2 at 30 oC
P
Light intensity
DIAGRAM 6.23a 13.
DIAGRAM 6.23b
temperature
Diagram 6.23a and 6.23 b shown factor affect the rate of photosynthesis The concentration of carbon dioxide and temperature are controlled at constant levels (a) i. In Diagram 6.23a, before point P, what is shown by the graph?
ii.
What happens to the rate of photosynthesis up to point P [ 2marks ]
(b)
State two limiting factors which limit the reaction along PQ
[ 2 marks ] (c) In Diagram 6.23a draw the graph if the concentration of carbon dioxide is more than 0.13 % at 30oC [ 1mark ]
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(d).
Based on Diagram 6.23b, explain the relationship between the rate of photosynthesis and temperature
[ 3 mark ] (e) Photosynthesis stops at 50 C . Explain why?

o
[ 1 mark ] (f) Under what condition does carbon dioxide concentration become a limiting factor?
[ 1 mark ] (g) The rate of photosynthesis in plant is not constant throughout the day. Explain why the rate of photosynthesis is low in the morning and high during midday.
[ 2 marks ]
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6.14: 14.
Understanding the technology used in food production The population of Malaysia is increasing rapidly. Hence, there is a need to increase the quantity as well as the quality of food to fulfill the demand. Diagram 6.24 shows one of the method used to increase food production.
DIAGRAM 6.24
(a)
(i).
Name the method. [1 mark ]
(ii)
What is fluid X? [1 mark ]
(b)
The method in (a)(i) does not use soil to grow vegetables. Explain why.
[2 marks ]
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(c)
Aeroponics is another way to grow plants without using soil. How does it differ from the method (a)(i).
[Any two correct answers: 2 marks] (d) State 2 advantages of using this method to grow vegetables
[Any two correct answers: 2 marks] e) Beside the method in (a)(i) and the aeroponics, explain two other ways that could be used to increase the food production.
[2 marks]
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6.15
Technology in food processing
Q
P DIAGRAM 6.25 15. State one method to preserve P and Q so the food can be kept for a long time. P: Q: [ 2 marks] (a) Explain the process in (a) P: Q
[4 marks ] Q:
[4 marks ] (b) Explain why it is not good to eat too much preserved food
[2 marks ]
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Essay Items
Answer all questions 6.1 Understanding Types Of Nutrition
1.
Compare and contrast the following modes of nutrition: (a) (b) (c) autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition photoautotrophic and chemoautotrophic nutrition Saprophytic nutrition and parasitic nutrition [4 marks] [5 marks] [4 marks]
6.2
Applying The Concept Of Balanced Diet What is meant by a balanced diet? Discuss the importance of the following classes of food: i. ii. (c) i. ii. roughage water children pregnant mothers [10 marks] [8 marks]
(a) (b)
[2 marks]
Discuss briefly a diet appropriate for the following target group:
6.3
Malnutrition
3.
(a)
The table shows an analysis of the percentage nutrient content of a balanced diet that should be taken by a person daily. Nutrient Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Vitamin & mineral salts Percentage intake 60 30 10 Small quantity
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The table shows the daily eating habits of Siti and Devi Siti

Devi
Eats regularly at a fixed time. Drinks at least 7 glasses of water daily. Chooses food that contains carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and mineral salts based on the standard of a balanced diet.
Eats irregularly as and when she remembers or when she is free. Drinks very little water. Likes to eat fast food and junk food that does not contain the right amount of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and mineral salts, does not follow the standard of a balanced diet.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the eating habits of Devi compared to Siti over a period of time. (b) [10 marks]
Obesity and anorexia nervosa are two diseases caused by malnutrition. Discuss.
6.4 Food Digestion
P p
4.
a b c.
Name the parts of the digestive system labelled P, X, R, and S in Figure 27. Describe the functions of the part labelled P [ 4 marks] [ 8 marks ]
Digestion of food occurs actively in the part labelled S which receives juices secreted by the part labelled P and R. Explain the digestion of food in the part labelled S. Word equations should be given to show the reactions which occur during digestion. [ 8 marks ]
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6.5 5.
Absorption And Assimilation Of Digested Food (a) (b) (c) Explain what is digestion. Discuss the digestion of cellulose in ruminants. I. II. III. humans ruminants rodents [2 marks] [10marks]
State the differences between the processes of cellulose digestion in
[ 8 marks]
6.6
Formation Of Faeces And Defaecation
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6.7
Evaluating eating habit Diagram 1 shows the menu for Susans breakfast. She takes a cup of milk and two slides of whole meal bread spread with butter.
6.
DIAGRAM 1 Is Susans breakfast menu a balanced diet for an adult? Give reasons for your answer. ii Susan. b. [ 4 marks] [ 6 marks] Explain how the food rich in carbohydrate is digested in the body of
a.
i.
Table 1 shows the results of an analysis on a snack food such as Rempeyek chips. Mass per 100g of Content Carbohydrate Protein Lipid Fibre Sodium chlorides Rempeyek chips 21.1 2.7 18.5 1.8 0.4
A boy frequently eats this snack food. He eats three packets everyday in the evening. Are the Rempeyek chips suitable as a daily diet for the boy? [ 2 marks] c John likes to eat fried chicken, hamburger, chocolates and ice-cream and he dislikes vegetables and fruits. Discuss why this is an unhealthy diet. [ 8 marks ]
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6.8 The Importance of a Healthy Digestive System Rice and salt are important component of an individuals diet. Rice need to be digested before it can be absorbed whereas salt can be absorbed directly. Explain why. ii [8 marks] [2 marks] (b) Explain how bad eating habits can cause a health problem.
(a)
Malaysian families eat out very often because working parents do not have time to prepare home cooked food. These eating habits lead to many health problems.
Imagine that you are preparing a talk on Good eating habits for group of parents , discuss some good eating habits that you may want to educate them. [10 marks]
6.9 The Importance of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plants
8.
(a)
Distinguish between major elements and essential elements in relation to a plants nutritional requirements. [12 marks]
(b)
State two functions each for the following elements in plants. [ 8 marks]
6.10 Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs in green leaves. The leaf is adapted for optimal photosynthesis.
9.
a.. b. c.
Based on the statement above, draw and label a diagram of cross section of a leaf Explain how the leaf is adapted to optimise photosynthesis [10 mark] By using two examples, explain how plants from different habitats adapt themselves to carry out photosynthesis [6 mark] [ 4 Marks]
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6.11 The Mechanism of Photosynthesis 10.
The process of photosynthesis is divided into two principal type of reaction, the light reaction and the dark reaction
Based on the statement above, explain the process of light reaction and dark reaction 6.16 The Factor Affecting Photosynthesis i. List down factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis ii. Explain that factor affect the rate of photosynthesis [7 marks ]
[ 3 mark ]
6.17
Technological Development in Food Processing
Your friend intends to process a local food item to be exported as light snacks to overseas market. He wants some guidance on food processing so that his processed snacks can appeal to the overseas consumers, and at the same time he can make some profits.
12. (a)
Describe the principles of food processing that may help your friend in deciding a suitable food processing method [10 marks]
The population of Malaysia is at 27 million in 2007. The concern of Malaysia is that her imported food has been gradually rising since 2000.
Discuss the efforts taken to diversify our food production
[10 marks]
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PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Plants are A B C D autotrophs. heterotrophs. saprophytes. parasites.

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Diagram 6.2 below shows a part of the human digestive system.

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Absorption And Assimilation Of Digested Food

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Based on diagram 6.3, answer questions 24 and 25 Y

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

DIAGRAM 6.4 A B C D Anus Colon Rectum Appendix

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Evaluating Eating Habit

Symptoms: Abdominal pain, nausea, belching, vomiting

Diagram 6.5 shows an obese person.

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Importance Of A Healthy Digestive System

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Diagram 6.6 shows part of the human alimentary canal.

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Diagram 6.7 shows parts of the human alimentary canal.

The Importance of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plants

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Diagram 6.9 below shows a section through a leaf of a plant

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

The Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

0.08% Carbon Dioxide 0.04% Carbon Dioxide 0.02% Carbon Dioxide

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Sodium bicarbonate solution

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Diagram 6.13 shows the products of a method of food production

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Technological Development in Food Processing

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Diagram 6.14 shows a type of fruit.

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Diagram 6.15 shows different types of nutrition. Nutrition

Diagram 6.15 Give the definitions of: i. Autotrophic nutrition

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

[ 3 marks] (d) What are represented by X and Y ?

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Diagram 6.17 shows individuals suffering from malnutrition

What disease are the individuals P, Q and R suffering from?

[4 marks] 6.4 Food digestion

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

4. Diagram 6.18 below shows the stomach of a herbivorous animal.

What is the name of this group of animals?

[ 2 marks] (b) i Name the labelled parts of the stomach.

[ 5 marks] ii State one function for each part.

[5 marks ] (c) i. Which part of the stomach contains micro-organisms?

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Name the group of micro-organism found in this animals stomach.

What is the main role of these micro-organisms?