Human Resource Management Define Management Process.

Management Process
Planning Goals and Objectives MKT : Organizing CEO Staffing Leading Controlling Leading means getting Gap others to get the job (Performance) done. The difference between expected performance and actual performance EP>AP = DS EP<AP =SA

Ex:
GPL way:- 1.

In
DBBL St:-1 St:-2

HR:-

ACC:-

1. Hiring new employees. 2. Setting performance Standard. 3. Evaluating performance. 4. Tanning And Developing employees.

Motivation

Define human resource management ?

Human resource management is the process of acquiring, training, apprising, and compensating employees.

Why is the human resource management important to all managers ?

1.Higher the wrong person for the job. Ex- Personal Judgment. 2. High tern over of the employees Ex- poor salary. 3. Wasting time with useless interviews. Ex- Selecting employees for without qualification. 4. Unfair labor practice Ex-Health issue.

Find out the main differences between line authority and staff authority ?
Authority Line Order Inter department Activity Staff Assist Coordinative manager

 Identify three types of duties of the HR manager. Give one examples of each types of duties functions.
Authority Line Order Interdepartmental Activity Staff Assist Coordinative manager

Give few examples of technological trends.

Changing environment of HRM .

TRENDS Globalization 1. Sales Internet 2. Manufacturing. Technological ZARA Intranet Indian rail way Nature of Jobs Demographic

What are the advantage and disadvantage of globalization trends. Globalization implication Result. 1. Low price. 2. Generating skilled employees abroad

Give One real life example of demographic trends. ( Depends on HR)

 Nature of Job: We will take three types of Job. 1. Service 2. Technology based job 3. Human Capital What is Human Capital ? Human capital includes knowledge education, training, skill, expertise offer firm's worker. What is Strategic planning ? Internal SWOT Analysis Strength 1.Efficient Employees 2. High-tech Machinery Opportunities 1. Entire into new market (Dell in china) 1. Where 2. Where 3. How Weakness 1. Inefficient employees. 2. Low technology based machinery. 3. Poor research and development. Threats 1. Increasing Competition External

1. Where are we now as a business ? Ex: Mac Donald's Burger ( Market Leader) 2. Where do we want to be ? Ex: Mac Donald's can produce different types of soft drinks and juice. 3. How Should be get there ? Ex: Cost benefit analysis by Mac Donald's. Strategic Human Resource Management : Strategic Human Resource Management means establishing human resource policies and practices that produce the employee competence and behaviors the company needs to achieve it strategic aim's. There are Four things are discussed broadly. 1. Policies 2. Competency 3. Behavior 4. Needs Need is of felt deprivation. Ex: Food , Cloth , Education etc. 1. Managing with technology. 1. Self Service - Intranet. 2. Call Center - Customer Based 3. Productivity improvement - Garments Industry , Pharmaceuticals Industry 4. Outsourcing- Specialist, Free lancing . Formula: Cost per hire = Advertising + Agency fees + Employee referrals + Travel Cost of applicant + Other cost. Number of hire HR Expense factor = HR expense Total Operating expense Need the state Want Need becomes want when it is shaped by personality and culture Demand Want become demand when it is supported by purchasing power.

HR Score Card: - HR Score card is the measurement of the HR function effectiveness and efficiency. HR Proficiency 1. Recruiting right people for the right job. 2. Selection 3. Training 4. Compensating Business Proficiency 1. Maintain quality of the product 2. Familiarity with strategic planning, market production finance, Accounting, HR , Resource and other department ( If necessary) Leader Proficiency 1. Provide suggestion for best market achievement. 2. Motivation. 3. Adaptation. Learning Proficiency 1. Make efficiency of technology. 2. Applies all the new technologies and practices affecting the profession.

1. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. (An Introduction) Anamika Kumari Lathika Mitesh Sahu Naveen K Rakesh Santhosh Srinivasan 2. The Flow Definition Approaches and their Implications Functions Emerging Roles Challenges Strategic HR Management In a Nutshell 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 3. Definition Human resource management is the function performed in an organization that facilitates the most effective use of people(employees) to achieve organizational and individual goals 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 4. 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 5. Maintaining HR 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 6. Scientific management approach 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 7. Human relations approach 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 8. Why human relations approach Failed ?? 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 9. Human Resources Approach Organization goal & needs of employee are capable of existing in harmony Employees are asset for organization Organization should create contributive work environment to reap maximum benefit 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 10. Challenges Before HR Manager 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 11. 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 12. Operative Functions 13. Employment 14. 15. Human Resource Planning Present and future manpower requirements Net human resource requirements Mould, change and develop employees to meet future organizational requirements Attract and acquire human resources from the market 16. Recruitment Tapping existing sources of applicants Identifying new sources of applicants Attracting the candidates to apply for jobs in the organization Deciding the recruitment procedure 17. Selection 18. Human Resource Development 19. Compensation 20. Employee Relations Employees in organizational context, as a social group Determining the job satisfaction level of the employee 21. Emerging Role of Human Resource Management It is the competence and attitude of the human resource that can make or break a business. 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 22. Value of Human Resources 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 23. Human resources- A competitive advantage 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 24. Human resource accounting 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 25. 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 26. 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 27. Challenges For HR Professionals WHY AND WHERE???? WHAT??? 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 28. 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 29. Where did these challenges come from??? 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 30. THE CHALLENGES 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

31. STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 32. 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 33. IN A NUTSHELL 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 34. 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 35. 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 36. Challenges to HR Professionals 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 37. Strategic Human Resource Management 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 38. THANK YOU ALL.. 05/28/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Textile Handicrafts and its Prospect in Bangladesh Tushar Kumar Paul 4rth of Textile Talent Hunt 2009 anchored by BTT Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur. e-mail: tus_duet@yahoo.com

Abstract: Handicrafts and Textile Handicraft business is related to the accumulation of handmade product from over the country and to sell them in retail shops or to export in another countries. People have a great passion for this type of product because it contains flavour of culture and it has a variety of design. The SWOT analysis of the Handicraft Product can help us to determine the current situation of business, challenges and gaps between demand and supply, source of raw materials and manpower, potentiality of employment, and its prospect for future. Bangladesh is a developing and overpopulated country; thus labor intensive technology can be more appreciable than capital intensive technology for the industries. Application of a large amount of low compensated workers to produce handicraft product will be beneficial for us from dual aspects. The first one is reduction in un-employment thus poverty alleviation and the second one is the earning of handsome amount of foreign currency. . The paper is concerned with narration of the themes. To prepare this paper I visited some local and export oriented handicraft organizations in Dhaka, Narayanganj etc. and discussed with the organization authorities about their business profile and production aspect. I also visited EPB, Bangladesh to get handicraft goods export data of previous fiscal years, Banglacraft and ECOTA for Handicraft business related information. Introduction The importance of the Textile Handicrafts and Handicraft sector in Bangladesh cannot be traced back to any particular point of time. Rooted deeply in the long heritage of the land, it grew gradually over centuries representing the rich, unique traditions of the soil, its people and their distinctive culture. The nourishing factors that helped the sector flourish are love of the artisans for their craft, coupled with their untiring effort to survive against odds. Of late, however facilitating services offered by the public and various private agencies to organize and strengthen the sector have paved the way for better and efficient performance of the sector. This has definitely resulted in an integrated and structured approach toward production and marketing and today the handicraft industry of Bangladesh look much well organized then it was a decade back. However, there is no denying the fact that despite considerable advancement, potential of the sector still appear largely unexplored and a bulk of the resources untapped. Innovative adaptation is yet to reach a satisfactory level. Beside the supply side constraints, dearth of technology and inadequate export marketing drive continue to be the main impediments for speedy growth of the industry.

Handicrafts:

Handicrafts are mostly defined as "items made by hand, often with the use of simple tools, and are generally artistic and for traditional in nature. They are also object of utility and object of decoration. Some common types of handicrafts are Textile based handicrafts, Clay, Metal, Jewelers, Woodwork, Stone Craft, Glass and Ceramic.

Textile based handicrafts:

Hand printed textiles including hand knitted and crochet, block and screen printing, batik, hand printing by pen and tie-dye are used in products ranging from bed-covers to sheets, dress material to upholstery and tapestry. The famous embroidered articles of silk and cotton often embellished with mirrors, shells, beads, and metallic pieces are also found. Embroidery is done too on leather, felt and velvet etc. This segment of the industry accounts for almost half a million strong employment in addition to a large number of designers, block makers, weavers and packers involved in the trade.

An Overview of the Handicraft Sector: o Nature and structure of the Industry: Handicraft sector in Bangladesh is comprises with small manufacturing units and mostly located in rural areas, operated either by the owner themselves or with the assistance of a small work force of 10-20 people. Most enterprises use traditional techniques with or without the use of tools or simple instruments. Total number of workforce associated with the industry stands approximately over 3 millions of which over three quarters are employed in textile, jute goods, wood, lather, cane and bamboo. These are followed by metal-works and pottery. A rough estimate shows that exports occupy about 20% of the total production. Key players in the sector involved in domestic supplies as well as exporters are: Non Government Organization (NGO) exporters of Handicrafts. (Eg. Arong) NGO supportive product house (Non exporters) Private manufacturers /exporters. (Eg. Various jute good manufacturers) Small private manufacturers (Non exporters, eg. Naksha, Rang, Nabarupa etc.)

Flashback of Bangladeshs Handicraft industry-

After 1970, Bangladeshs handicraft product was introduced in the market. And in 80s the product got market acceptance, and this became its growth period. In the 90s, the handicraft products of Bangladesh experienced a slow growth, and it is the maturity period of the product. After 2000, the sales of product decreased because of its old design and poor quality. Moreover, new competitors came with newly-designed, innovative and quality product. As a result, Bangladeshs handicraft product faced a period of decline. Figure-01: Shows Bangladeshs handicraft product life cycle.

1970-1976

1977-1985

1985-2000

After 2000

Figure-01: Bangladeshs Handicraft product life cycle. (Source: ECOTA fair trade forum) 1. Current profile of some leading Handicraft manufacturers: There are more than 1000 large scale Handicraft producers in Bangladesh, where only 300 are enlisted with Banglacraft (the association of handicraft manufacturers and exporters). A large no of handicraft producer sells their good in local market and a few numbers are involved in export. Table-01: Showing some leading organizations current profile.

Organization-

Hathay Bunano p.s. NGOs 2005 4000 38

Naksha

Prabartana

Arong

Prokritee

Type Start from Manpower Product House

Private 1993 500 2

NGOs 1986 5000 -

NGOs 1976 65000 653

NGOS 2001 2000 20 All types of Handicrafts (Specially produce Handmade paper) 99% Export 700Mn. Taka.

Main product

Kids items (Toys, dresses)

All types of textile Handicrafts

All types of handicrafts

All types of handicrafts

Market Turn Over

Export -

Local 7-8Mn. Taka

99% Local 100Mn. Taka

96% Local -

Table-01: Current position of some leading handicraft manufacturers in Bangladesh. 1. Product Composition and Production Base:

Figure-02: Hand Crochet Toys (Hathay Bunano p.s.)

Figure-03: Jute Footwear Although a large variety of products feature in the handicraft industry, the numbers of products that dominate in the export sector are not many. These are Shari (Silk, silk-cotton mixed, cotton, jute-cotton mixed, Jamdani, others), Three piece, Punjabi, Fotua, Kids item, Lungi, Gamsa, Towel, Nokshi kanta, Bed cover, Pillow case, Orna, Cotton made pebble, Jute products (College Bag, Shopping bag, Ladies bag, Sandal, Show piece, Sika, Rope, etc), Feather goods, Hand quilting/embroidery, Pottery, Cane Basketry etc. Others less conspicuous include products made out of bamboo, wood, straw, grass, textile wall hangings and various metals. The important thing about this segment of handicraft sector is that these products are focused to international markets, based on importers specifications. Handloom weaving is mainly done in areas which are traditionally specialized in the crafts and as such the manufacturing base is not very wide spread. As regards block, screen printed and vegetable dyed craft etc. the existing supply has its limit.

1. SWOT analysis of Bangladeshs Handicraft1. Strength of our Handicrafts: The following issues giving Handicraft business the stamina to compete with the artificial machine made products and effort to take place in domestic and international market2. It provides large product variety and range as it is full of diversified culture. 3. Industry is facilitated by diversified and supportive retail infrastructure across the country. 4. Industry provides services to different market (Handicrafts, Textiles, Jewelry) because of diversified product range. 5. Naturally we are resourceful in craft raw materials. 6. Industry needs low capital investment. 7. Low barriers for new entry in market. 8. Products are high value added, and handicrafts have various applications. 9. It is the potential source of foreign revenue because of higher export. 10. Industry provides potential sources of employment.

1. Impediments for Growth: The following weakness are the main barriers for the Handicraft business development and making business more and more competitive Narrow product range and lack of new and innovative designs suitable for overseas markets; have been identified as main constraints for growth of handicraft export from Bangladesh. Industry is lacking with infrastructure and communication facilities. Lack of capabilities in producing large volume. Lack of updated information on changing tastes and preferences of overseas buyers often restricts market access of potential products. Lack of finance and non-introduction of effective technology are also recognized as major inadequacy for healthy growth of the sector. Absence of properly equipped design centre, a long cherished demand of the handicraft exporting community, is also responsible for a great deal of the drawbacks in production, design, innovation and adaptation and so on. Lack of co-ordination between government bodies and private players. Inadequate information of current market trends. There is lack of skilled artesian. Industry is still confined to rural areas and small cities which creates a great transport problem. Low or no involvement of Technical person such as Textile Engineers, Fashion designers etc. 1. Opportunity: The Handicraft business can be developed by ensuring proper use of the following opportunitiesGSP in EU markets Emerging demand for handicrafts goods in developed countries such as USA, UK, Japan, India, Canada, France, Germany, Italy etc. Rising demand and usage of handicrafts products in fashion industry. Development of sectors like Retail that offers great requirements of handicrafts products. Developing of domestic and international tourism sector. E-commerce and Internet are emerged as promissory distribution channels to market and sell the craft products. Our cultural and jute good has got values in overseas market.

People likes diversified designs and handmade items Cheap manpower available in our country. Potential source of foreign revenue.

1. Threats for our Handicrafts sector: Our Handicraft business has the following threats which reducing our business and causes of unemployment

Hand-crafted products have to compete on price, design and adaptability with modern machine made products, which make difficulties for our traditional products to be competitive in international market. Artificial automated product produced by competing countries, as Chinese embroidery machine products compete with our hand stitch. Use of polyester, nylon, acrylic and other manmade elements in competing artificial products which reducing the product cost of artificial product. Quality products produced by competing countries like India, Pakistan, China, South Africa, etc. Competing countries are enjoying better Trade Terms sometimes. Competing countries are offering better technological support and R&D facility in their countries.

1. Prospect for the future: Although export of handicrafts from Bangladesh is yet to figure prominently, it is true that potential for growth of the sector is immense. Studies/surveys conducted by the EPB and BANGLACRAFT (An association of Handicraft producers and exporters) and ECOTA (Fair trade Forum) provide strong evidence in support of this. In the light of these finding, it appears that the main markets for our handicraft product are in gifts, house wares, home decoration, seasonal products, toys and personal accessories. Scope for expansion of our market opportunities may be viewed keeping in mind the following factors1. Work force: Abundance of easily available skilled and semi skilled workforce associated with the handicraft industry is indeed a very encouraging factor. Existing workforce in this sector is near about 4 million, most of whom have accepted the craft work as a means of their livelihood. Organized effort towards skill development and product promotion will no doubt enable this remarkable workforce in a much bigger way. Along with workforce, comes the issue of low wage which reduces production cost considerable rendering the products competitive. 1. Preferential Tariffs and government support in cash: Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) in European and American markets for Bangladeshi handicrafts is an impetus for our exporters and it is making their products competitive. Although implementation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements will gradually phase out such preferential treatment, Bangladesh as a least developing country (LDC) will continue to enjoy the benefits to tariff preference of sometime in future. Some products of handicrafts are enjoying cash incentives on their export which is a great stimulus of encouraging handicrafts export. 1. Overseas Market and its opportunities:

Organized effort in marketing Bangladeshi handicrafts overseas is, in fact, a matter of recent past-although some of the products were able to find export destinations a little time back. As mentioned earlier, not many products dominate in the export oriented handicraft sector. And all though at present Bangladeshi handicrafts are being exported to well over 50 countries of different continents, more than 70% of the total merchandise is lifted by the European, American, Indian and Japanese market. Table 02: Showing export values of different fiscal years excluding textile handicrafts.

Table 02: Handicraft Export of different FY. (Source: EPB statistical report)

Fiscal Year (FY) 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Export In Million US$ 5.90 4.21 5.12 4.30 8.16 5.49 6.44 7.41 (Target)

This is a list of Handicrafts, excluding textile handicraft goods.

Figure-04: Country base export chart of handicraft goods on 3 FY indicating specific market areas. [Which is based on following Handicraft goods- Coir products, Cotton Bag, Jute footwear, Handicrafts, Jamdani sharee, Jute carpet, Jute manufactures, Other textile goods, Silk fabrics, Toys, Wooden furniture.] (Source: Bangladesh Export Statistics, EPB)

Studies suggested that handicraft export from Bangladesh can find bigger opening in a number of product areas and at the same time consolidate existing export base in some of the traditional product range. Traditional Bangladeshi products which have made some dent in the export market have the potential for increasing their market share significantly. These are traditional decorative textiles (muslin, nakshi kantha, jamdani), block printed, vegetable dyed textiles, artificial flowers, woven jute products, cane basketry, pottery, small leather goods (wallets, purse, belts), etc. Appropriate adaptation of some of the Bangladeshi handicrafts can also be expected to command increased share in the target markets. Figure-04: Showing country based export of three different FY. The chart is created with the major exporting countries of Bangladesh, it showing a growing market opportunity for handicraft goods in Japan, The Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, Italy, France, UK, Germany, and in our Local market also. But at the same time we have to provide effort to increase export in India and other decrementing large markets. If our government patronizes this marketing process by arranging some international trade fair on only Handicrafts as like DITF then we should be able to capture a large market beside our large competitor India, Pakistan and China.

Some suggestions to overcome the problems-

In accordance of the discussion with the craft-peoples, some craft-exporters and BANGLACRAFT the

following suggestions has made to make a way for the development of Handicrafts business in Bangladesh

Setting up of design development centre is urgently needed for producing new product and product diversification. Crafts men to be trained for better performance, innovation and technology to be provided for overall development of the sector in a design development institute. Set up handicraft industrial park/ handicraft village/clusters of producers linked with lead exporters to ensure sustainability Enhance capacity of the exporters for getting market information. Develop fund for identifying new markets and new products. Access to finance be made easy. Facilitate exporter participation in trade fairs, designing catalogues and preparing for exhibition. Continued and focused attention has to be given to handicrafts for up-gradation of skill, creation of better work environment and development of cluster for specific crafts with common service and improvement of infrastructures and market development. Quality raw materials to be ensured for product diversification. Branding Bangladesh is very essential at this moment because some of the buyers sell our quality products in their brand which is preventing our market growth. Our Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has told that, she will try to Make Every Home a Industry. By considering handicraft she can really elaborate it like, Every home will be a handicraft industry, because it is the only industry which can flourish at this tough time of gas and energy crisis. PMs strong campaign for saving environment from climate change may promote the hand made goods like handicrafts globally. An integrated branding and promotion of Bangladeshi Handicrafts can be great tool of poverty alleviation also. Focus will be on capacity building of the SMEs to support all companies to comply with the international product oriented code of conduct. Integrating and redefining of handicraft industry is possible by separating Handicrafts from the Textile Sector. It will help to create a new branch of national trade as a unique business beside textile business, thats why at first EPB need to take steps by separating the handicraft exports from textile exports. Arrangement of International Handicraft Fair to attract more buyers and thus reducing difficulties in entering to overseas market for our Traditional and Non-Traditional Handmade goods. Without a doubt, the global market for handicrafts and hand-made goods is expanding. When customers are faced with two products of similar price, quality and design, they will invariably select hand-made goods in changed world with environment consciousness. The cost of production of handmade items is smaller in Bangladesh whilst it is possible to make competitively priced handicrafts in Bangladesh, it is important to understand that pricing is one of the key factors for

Figure-05: Work Bring Happiness (Minoti Mondol produc ing hand knitted craft goods at her home ordered by Prokritee.)

Conclusion:

In our country the handicrafts are mainly regulated by non-technical persons who possess very little technical knowledge and there is no involvement of textile engineers (thus product development and quality product is quite impossible). The workers are mainly un-skilled women and children. We can develop this sector as a wide earning sector to contribute to our national economy by involving Textile Experts in this sector and by developing manpower skill. Finally it should be helpful to introduce our tradition or culture to the globe. Efforts are underway through close collaboration of public and private sectors toward product promotion, diversification and export marketing. However, there is still the need for intensification of efforts at the levels of production and marketing as well as design innovation and adaptation. Our exporters of handicrafts should bear in mind that while creation of export market is a challenging task, maintenance of the market is a more challenging one dependent on regular supplies, quality assurance, and last but not the least fulfillments of the consumer test and preferences. Acknowledgements: I would like to convey special thanks to TTH organizer BTT authority to create a field of research. Grateful thanks to my thesis supervisor Md. Abdul Hannan and my favorite teacher Prof. Dr. Engr. Ayub Nabi Khan for giving me their valuable suggestions. I express gratitude to the employer and employees of Hathay Bunano p.s., Naksha, Kumudini, Arong, Rang, Source (Prokritee), Prabartana, Jute Diversification Promotion Centre, EPB, BANGLACRAFT, ECOTA who gave valuable information to give a confined shape to the study. The errors idiocies and inconsistencies remain my own.

References

Mondol, Mr. Abdur Razzak, (2003 Export of Bangladesh handicrafts present performance and future prospects Souvenir, Jatio Karuponno Prodorshoni-2003. Shah Jalal, Md. Concept Note on Development of Handicraft manufactured by the Small and Medium Enterprises of Bangladesh seeking Switch Asia 2008 Project, help of European Commission in promoting Sustainable consumption and Production in Bangladesh. Report produced for BANGLACRAFT (Bangladesh Handicraft Manufacturers and Exporters Association.) Morshed, Samantha, (2009) Textile handicrafts need boost article published in newspaper, The daily Star, Tuesday, March 03

Morshed, Samantha, (2009) Taking Jobs to Bangladeshs poor, BBC News, Thursday, April-30 Rahman, Dr Engr Md Saifur, Writing A Scientific Paper. Arefeen, Prof. H.K.S., Salam, Shah Abdus, Sultana, Sayeeda, (2007) Handicraft Market Chain in Bangladesh, Chapter-02, Bangladesh Handicraft Product Life Cycle, page-26, Published by ECOTA Fair Trade Limited, Dhaka. Statistical Report, (2004-2005, 2005-2006, 2006-2007), Export promotion Bureau, Bangladesh. www.ecotaftf.org www.rang-bd.com www.prokritee.com www.prabartana.org http://mdshossain.wordpress.com/2009/03/17/swot-analysis-of-aarong/ http://www.articlesbase.com/art-articles/indian-handicrafts-industry-swot-analysis-327228.html http://www.brac-aarong.com/

===========================O=================================