Unethical practices in marketing :

Dumping - selling at a loss to increase market share and destroy competition in order to subsequently raise prices price fixing cartels _ Price fixing is an agreement between business competitors to sell the same product or service at the same price Counterfeit goods and brand piracy A counterfeit good is an unauthorised imitation of a branded good. Counterfeit trademark goods shall mean any goods, including packaging, bearing without authorisation a trademark which is identical to the trademark validly registered in respect of such goods, or which cannot be distinguished in its essential aspects from such a trademark and which thereby infringes the rights of the owner of the trademark in question under the law of the country of importation." piracy consists in making an unauthorised exact copynot a simple imitationof an item covered by an intellectual property right. Pirated copyright goods shall mean any goods which are copies made without the consent of the right holder or person duly authorised by the right holder in the country of production and which are made directly or indirectly from an article where the making of that copy would have constituted an infringement of a copyright or a related right under the law of the country of importation". Copying the style of packaging in order to mislead the consumer. This is usually done by smaller companies who produce lesser quality products and try to pass them off as high quality goods by using a brand name

Deception on size and content of a product - A product can be made out to appear much bigger, or have a much more significant content, than it really does.

 Incomplete or inaccurate testing of products. This is the domain of the public authorities who have the obligation to ensure that every product that goes out in the market is tested beforehand. Bait and switch selling - attracting customers and then subjecting them to pressure selling techniques to switch to an more expensive alternative. Deceptive advertising - Advertising that makes false claims or misleading statements, as well as advertising that creates a false impression Omitting to provide information : no being informed of side ffects on prescription medicines, lotions and drinks etc. Dumping of toxic waste affecting environment and surroundings High pressure selling insurance agnets attempt on applying pressure for the consumers to buy . Duplication of original brands The same product is copied and placed under some other name with that of the original brands.....

Not producing quality products : Price discrimination or price differentiation exists when sales of identical goods or services are transacted at different prices from the same provider. Eg . train tickets Lower the dignity of women misrepresentation of women is ads . False promise made to consumers .