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ADO.Net, ASP.

Net and SQL Server


IT 4203 Advanced Web Development

Jack G. Zheng Fall 2010

Data Access: the Big Picture


Applications Data Logic Frameworks Windows Apps
Data access API

Data Sources
Relational Database

Standard data access API

XML Data

ASP.Net Apps
Native APIs
Directory Data

PHP Apps
Direct raw data access
Spreadsheet Data

Accessing Relational Database


Windows Applications

DBMS (SQL)
Data access APIs: Standard: OLEDB, ODBC, JDBC; Native API

Databases

Web Applications

Drivers: Native ODBC JDBC OLEDB

Databases

ASP.Net Applications

Databases

Standard Data Access APIs

ODBC: Open Database Connectivity

ODBC is an uniform interface that allows applications to access data from a variety of relational Database Management Systems (DBMS).

OLEDB: Object Linking and Embedding for Databases

OLE DB is a comprehensive set of COM interfaces for accessing a diverse range of data in a variety of data stores. Designed as a higher-level replacement for ODBC

JDBC: Java Database Connectivity


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Data Access for .Net Applications

See Microsoft Data Development Technologies

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee730343.aspx
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ADO.Net

ADO.NET is a set of classes that expose data access services for .NET applications. ADO.NET provides consistent access to data sources such as SQL Server, Oracle, XML, and to data sources exposed through OLEDB and ODBC.

ADO.NET Architecture

ADO.Net Architecture

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/27y4ybxw(v=VS.90).aspx
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.Net Data Providers

A .NET Framework data provider is used for connecting to a database, executing commands, and processing results. .NET Framework data providers include:

Data Provider for SQL Server Data Provider for OLE DB Data Provider for ODBC Data Provider for Oracle EntityClient Provider

.NET Framework Data Providers (ADO.NET)

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a6cd7c08(v=VS.90).aspx

.NET Data Provider for SQL Server

The .NET Framework Data Provider for SQL Server (System.Data.SqlClient) uses its own protocol to communicate with SQL Server.

It is optimized to access a SQL Server directly without adding an OLE DB or ODBC layer.

SQL Server for .Net Applications


.Net Applications

ASP.Net Applications

ADO.Net Data Provider for OLEDB


ADO.Net Data Provider for SQL Server

OLEDB

Windows Applications

SQL Server DBMS

Databases

Databases

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Using Database for .Net Apps

Steps to access a database


Base Class Description

Step

Connecting Establishes a connection to a to database Connection specific data source. Executes a command against a data source. Exposes Parameters and can Preparing execute in the scope of a commands Command Transaction from a Connection. Processing Reads a forward-only, read-only results DataReader stream of data from a data source.
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A Quick Database Query Example


Step 1: Use SqlConnection class to establish a connection to an SQL Server database. A connection string is supplied.

SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection("Server=(local); Database=books; User ID=jack; Password=zheng");


SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("select top 20 * from books"); cmd.Connection = con; con.Open(); SqlDataReader data = cmd.ExecuteReader(); while (data.Read())
{ Response.Write("<p>"+data["BookTitle"]+", $"+ data["ListPrice"]+"</p>"); }
Column name
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Step 2: Build a new command with simple and static SQL statement. Associate the command with the connection.

Step 3: Open the connection and execute the command. Use a DataReader to process the result.

con.Close();

Connection

Connection strings specify how to connect to a SQL Server database


Server: we can use IP, domain, or (local) if SQL Server is on the same server. Add instance name if necessary; for example, use (local) \sqlexpress for SQL Server Express edition.

"Server=(local); Database=books; User ID=jack; Password=zheng";


Name of the SQL Server database

SQL Server user login id and password.

More about connection strings:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms254978(v=VS.90).aspx

The Connection String Reference

http://www.connectionstrings.com/
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Command

Simple SQL command text

Supply SQL statements as the command text

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("select top 20 * from books"); cmd.Connection = con;


Dont forget the association.

Dynamic command text

Command text can be an expression with constant strings and variables.

int number = 10; SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("select top "+number+"* from books"); cmd.Connection = con; Use variables for any part of SQL statements: fields,
where clause, comparison criteria, sorting type, etc.
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Command Execution

Depending on the command type and return value, four methods are provided for a command object.
Methods
ExecuteReader()

Return Value
Returns a DataReader object.

ExecuteScalar()
ExecuteNonQuery()

Returns a single scalar value.


Executes a command that does not return any rows.

ExecuteXMLReader() Returns an XmlReader. Available for a SqlCommand object only.


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Command Parameters

Using parameters is a better practice than using variables.

Parameters are restricted to type, size, and other constraints defined for the column value. Its a way to validate user input.
Use @ to define a parameter where a value is supplied.

Example

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); cmd.CommandText="select top 10 * from books where ListPrice<@price; cmd.Connection = con; SqlParameter sqlpara = new SqlParameter("@price", price); cmd.Parameters.Add(sqlpara);
Dont forget to add the parameter to the command.

Learn more here:

http://www.csharp-station.com/Tutorials/AdoDotNet/Lesson06.aspx

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DataReader

Getting values of each row


Use Getter methods: GetInt32(), GetString(), etc. Use collections: reader[1], reader["BookTitle"]
Use ExecuteScalar if only

SqlDataReader data = cmd.ExecuteReader(); one value is returned. while (data.Read()) The Read() method will retrieve one row at a time. { Response.Write("<p>"+data[1]+", $"+ data["ListPrice"]+"</p>"); } Use either column index number or column con.Close(); name to get a value for the current row.

More examples

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/haa3afyz(v=VS.90).aspx
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Database Modification

Use ExecuteNonQuery() method for SQL UPDATE, INSERT INTO, and DELETE

FROM statements
Example

Connection is the same; command is an Update SQL.

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); cmd.CommandText = "update books set listprice = @price where bookid = 1"; cmd.Connection = con; SqlParameter sqlpara = new SqlParameter("@price", Double.Parse(this.txtNewPrice.Text)); cmd.Parameters.Add(sqlpara); con.Open(); int result = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); con.Close();

ExecuteNonQuery() retuens an integer indicating number of results affected. If it is 0, very likely the execution failed.

if (result == 1 ) lblBook1.Text = "Update succeed"; else lblBook1.Text = "Update failed";

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DataSet

The DataSet object is a disconnected, in-memory representation of a consistent relational data model.

More about DataSet, DataTable, and DataView

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ss7fbaez(v=VS.90).aspx
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Populating DataSet from Database

Example: use DataAdapter to fill a DataSet


SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection("Server=(local); Database=Books; User ID=jack; Password=zheng"); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("select top 10 * from books"); cmd.Connection = con; Connection and command
remain the same.

SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); sda.Fill(ds, "Books"); The fill method will automatically create

the default table structure and fill the data.

foreach (DataRow dr in ds.Tables["Books"].Rows) { Response.Write("<p>"+dr[2]+", $"+ dr["ListPrice"]+"</p>"); }


Read each row in the data table, referring values by number index or column name.

More examples about populating DataSets

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bh8kx08z(v=VS.90).aspx
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Reading Data from a DataSet

Use a DataView object to further manipulating the data in a DataSet


SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); Get a default view of all data. sda.Fill(ds, "Books"); DataView dv = ds.Tables[0].DefaultView; Apply sorting and filtering constraints. The
dv.Sort = "ListPrice desc"; dv.RowFilter = "BookTitle like '%system%'";
format of these constraints resemble SQL ORDER BY and WHERE clauses.

for (int i = 0; i < dv.Count; i++ ) Response.Write("<p>" + dv[i][2] + ", $" + dv[i]["ListPrice"] + "</p>");
Use a 2-D array like format to refer to the data. The first index is the row number and the second one is the column number or name.

Count returns the number of records after filtering.

Manipulating data in a DataTable

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tzwewss0(v=VS.90).aspx http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fdcwwhez(v=VS.90).aspx
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More about DataView

DataReader or DataSet

DataReader returns data in a forward-only, read-only manner.

Fast processing, improving application performance.

Use a DataSet to do the following:

Cache data locally in your application so that you can manipulate it. If you only need to read the results of a query, the DataReader is the better choice. Interact with data dynamically such as binding to a web server control or combining and relating data from multiple sources. Remote data between tiers or from an XML Web service. Perform extensive processing on data without requiring an open connection to the data source, which frees the connection to be used by other clients.

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Summary

Key Concepts

Database access API Standard database access APIs: OLEDB, ODBC, JDBC ADO.Net .Net data provider Connection, Command, DataReader, DataSet, DataAdapter

Key skills

Use SQL Server data provider to access SQL Server databases. Send SQL queries (SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT INTO) and process results. Manipulate DataReader and DataSet objects.
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Key Resources and References

ADO.Net

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/e80y5yhx(v=VS.90).aspx

Retrieving and Modifying Data in ADO.NET

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms254937(v=VS.90).aspx

DataSets, DataTables, and DataViews

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ss7fbaez(v=VS.90).aspx

Microsoft Data Development Technologies: Past, Present, and Future

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee730343.aspx

Microsoft Data Access Technologies Road Map

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms810810.aspx
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