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com

ABSTRACT:
The number of subscribers for mobile communications has increased much faster than predicted. In the year 2010, more than 1.8 billion mobile subscribers are anticipated. The majority of traffic is changing from speech to oriented multimedia communication and further to fourth generation was the ability to support advanced and wideband services including e-mail, file transfers and distribution services like radio, TV and software provisioning, In this paper we address about the 4TH G mobile communications. The Fourth Generation (4G) Mobile Communications not only focuses on the

communication. The major step from second generation to third generation www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com

www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com data-rate increase and interface.4G advanced Mobile wireless

new

air the

converges

mobile

communications and high-speed wireless access systems into an Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) platform which becomes the core of this emerging next generation mobile technology. Based on this OWA model, 4G mobile will deliver the best business cases to the wireless and 3-in-1 WCDMA/OFDM/WLAN mobile product, 3-in-1 industries,i.e.cdma2000/WLAN/GPRS . The advent of 4G wireless systems has created many research opportunities. The expectations from 4G are high in terms of data rates, spectral efficiency, mobility and integration. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is proving to be a possible multiple access technology to be used in 4G. But OFDM comes with its own challenges like high Peak to Average Ratio, linearity concerns and phase noise. This paper proposes a solution to reduce Peak to Average Ratio by clipping method. ATLAB as used to generate the OFDM signal to prove that clipping does reduce Peak to Average Ratio.

product, etc. Asia-Pacific is the most dynamic market of new generation mobile communications with over $100 Billion businesses in the next decade. The 4G mobile technology -convergence of wireless mobile and wireless access, will definitely drive this growth. Any single-architecture wireless system, including 3G, HSDPA, WiMax, etc., is a transitional solution only, and will be replaced by open wireless architecture system very soon where various different wireless standards can be integrated and converged on this open platform.

INTRODUCTION:
The first operational cellular communication system was deployed in the Norway in 1981 and was followed

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www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com by similar systems in the US and UK. These first generation systems provided voice transmissions by using frequencies around 900 MHz and analogue modulation. The second generation (2G) of the wireless mobile network was based on low-band digital data signaling. The most popular 2G wireless technology is known as Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM). The first GSM systems .
2G 3G 4G

Planning for 3G started in the 1980s. Initial plans focused on multimedia applications such as videoconferencing for mobile phones. When it became clear that the real killer application was the Internet, 3G thinking had to evolve. As personal wireless handsets become more common than fixed telephones, it is clear that personal wireless Internet access will follow and users will want broadband Internet access wherever they go.

used a 25MHz frequency

spectrum in the 900MHz band.

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www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com The objective of the 3G was to develop a new protocol and new technologies to further enhance the\mobile experience. In contrast, the new 4G framework to be established will try to accomplish new levels of user experience and multiservice capacity by also integrating all the mobile technologies that exist (e.g. GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications, GPRS General Packet Radio Service, IMT-2000 International Mobile Communications, Wi-Fi - Wireless Fidelity, Bluetooth).In spite of different approaches, each resulting from different visions of the future platform currently under investigation, the main objectives of 4G networks can be stated in the following properties:

mobility users, to 1GHz for low mobility users, technologies that permit fast handoffs, an efficient delivery.

Migrating to 4G:
The fact that 4G mobile networks intend to integrate almost every wireless standard already in use, enabling its simultaneous use and interconnection poses many questions not yet answered. The research areas that present key challenges to migrate current systems to 4G are many but can be summarized in the following: Mobile Station, System and Service. To be able to use 4G mobile networks a new type of mobile terminals must be conceived. The terminals to be adopted must adapt seamless to multiple wireless networks, each with different protocols and technologies. Auto reconfiguration will also be needed so that terminals can adapt to the different services available. This adaptation may imply that it must download automatically configuration software from networks in range.

Ubiquity; Multi-service platform; Low bit cost

To achieve the proposed goals, a very flexible network that aggregates various radio access technologies, must be created. This network must provide high bandwidth, from 50-100 MHz for high www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com

Moreover terminals must be able to choose from all the available wireless networks the one to use with a specific service. To do this it must be aware of

www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com specifications of all the networks in terms of bandwidth, QoS supported, costs and respect to user preferences. Terminal mobility will be a key factor to the success of 4G networks. Terminals must be able to provide wireless services anytime, everywhere. This implies that roaming between different networks must be automatic and transparent to the user. There are two major issues in terminal mobility, location management and handoff and management handling Location management deals with tracking user mobility, information about original, current and (if possible) future cells. Moreover it must deal with authentication assurances. issues Handoff while and QoS management the terminal

Services available in this new mobile generation like videoconference have restricted time constraints and QoS needs that must not be perceptible affected by handoffs. To avoid these problems new algorithms must be researched and a prevision of user mobility will be necessary, so as to avoid broadcasting at the same time to all adjacent antennas what would waste unnecessary resources. Another major problem relates to security, since 4G pretends to join many different types of mobile technologies, as each standard has its own security scheme, the key to 4G systems is to be highly flexible. Services also pose many questions as 4G users may have different operators to different services and, even if they have the same operator, they can access data using different network technologies. Actual billing using flat rates, time or cost per bit fares, may not be suitable to the new range of services. At the same time it is necessary that the bill is well understood by operator and client. A broker system would be advisable to facilitate the interaction between the user and the different service providers. Another challenge is to know, at each time, where the user is and how he can

primary objective is to maintain the communications crosses wireless network boundaries. In addition, 4G networks, in opposition to the other mobile generations, must deal with vertical and horizontal handoffs, i.e., a 4G mobile client may move between different types of wireless networks (e.g. GSM and Wi-Fi) and between cells of the same wireless network (e.g. moving between adjacent GSM cells). Furthermore, many of the www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com

www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com be contacted. This is very important to mobility management. A user must be able to be reached wherever he is, no matter the kind of terminal that is being used. This can be achieved in various ways one of the most popular being the use of a mobile-agent infrastructure. In

this framework, each user has a unique identifier served by personal mobile agents that make the link from users to Internet.

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Multi-technology Approach:
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

Open wire less Architecture(OWA)

Multiple-input multiple-output ( MIMO ) www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com

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GENERIC MIMO AND OFDM:

Increasing demand for high performance 4G broadband wireless mobile calls for use of multiple antennas at both base station and subscriber ends. Multiple Antenna capacities multimedia dramatically technologies suited for services increase enable Internet and range high and also and OFDM is chosen over a single carrier solution due to lower complexity of equalizers for high delay spread channels or high data rates. A broadband signal is broken down into multiple narrowband carriers (tones), where each carrier is more robust to multipath. In order to maintain orthogonality amongst tones, a cyclic prefix is added which has length greater than the expected delay spread. With proper across by yielding coding and interleaving advantage efficiently frequencies, frequency the unlikely all the channels will fade simultaneously.

reliability. This design is motivated by the growing demand for broadband wireless Internet access. The challenge for wireless broadband access lies in providing a comparable quality of service for similar cost as competing wire line technologies. The target frequency band for this system is 2 to 5 GHz due to favorable propagation characteristics and low radio-frequency (RF) equipment cost. The broadband channel is typically non LOS channel and includes impairments such as time selective fading and frequency-selective fading. Multiple and antennas receiver at the transmitter provide

multipath turns into an OFDM system diversity. OFDM can be implemented by using FFT's at transmitter and receiver .At the receiver, FFT reduces the channel response into a multiplicative constant on a tone-by-tone basis .With MIMO, the channel response becomes a matrix. Since each tone can be equalized independently, the complexity of space time equalizers is avoided.

diversity in a fading environment. By employing multiple antennas, multiple spatial channels are created and it is www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com

www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com Multipath remains an advantage for a MIMO-OFDM system since frequency selectivity caused by multipath improves

the rank distribution of the channel matrices across frequency tones, thereby increasing capacity.

OPENWIRELESSARCHITECTURE:
The 4G Mobile communications will be based on the Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) to ensure the single terminal can seamlessly and automatically connect to the local high-speed wireless access systems when the users are in the offices, homes, airports or shopping centers where the wireless access networks (i.e. Wireless LAN, Broadband www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com Wireless Access, Wireless Local Loop, HomeRF, Wireless ATM, etc) are available. When the users move to the mobile zone (i.e. Highway, Beach, Remote area, etc.), the same terminal can automatically switch to the wireless mobile networks (i.e.GPRS, W-CDMA, cdma2000, TD-SCDMA, etc.).This

www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com converged wireless communications can provide the following advantages. _ Greatly increase the spectrum efficiency mostly ensures the highest data-rate to the wireless terminal. Best share the network resources and channel utilization optimally manages the service quality and multimedia applications. 3G wireless LAN and other wireless access technologies will be converged into 4G

mobile platform to deliver the best infrastructure of mobile communications with optimal spectrum efficiency and resource management. In fact, this OWA model had already been accepted by most wireless industries, for example, the W-CDMA/W-LAN/Bluetooth 3-in-1 terminal is being designed in many companies. The global 4G Mobile R&D focuses on the following Open Wireless Architecture:

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GOAL:

The goal of 4th Generation (4G) mobile communications technologies is to realize wireless communications at the same high data rate as is made possible through today. 2010s, . use of the of fiber-optic 4G mobile precursor transmission systems that are available Realization but communications is foreseen in the early various

technologies and services have been appearing as of late. A scrutiny on the market trends, along with a close watch on carrier reaction as to the introduction of the Mobile Number Portability (MNP) system planned for October 24, 2006, is of vital importance at this time for all those interested in this business field

Conclusion:
In this paper we present the evolution through of all mobile its communications efficiently the installed capacity. At the same time the enhanced mobility provided by seamless handover and the additional data communications capacity (although very small) advanced and opened the doors to future developments Some of the developments was brought by generation 2.5 namely by GPRS, which improved data communications by supporting IP in the GSM infrastructure. With the third generation the goal changed from voice-

generations. From the initial speech vocation to an IP-based data network, several steps were made. From the analog voice centric first generation to the digital second generation, the goal was to enhance the voice experience of a user, by improving the quality while of the more communication using

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www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com centric to data-centric. Moreover total ability became an objective to pursuit. In this generation it is possible to combine voice, lntermedia applications and mobility in a never experienced manner. However, the global mobility, while an important objective, was never really reached. lower At the The all same time new fourthwireless applications demand more bandwidth and costs. newcomer different generation tries to address this problem by integrating technologies. In spite of all the evolving technologies the final success of new mobile generations will be dictated by the new services and contents made available to users. These new applications must meet user expectations, and give added value over existing offers.

Y.K., Enabling

Beyond

3G:

Vision, IEEE March

Requirements, and Technologies, Magazine, Communications 2003, pp. 120-124 [3] ITU-R PDNR WP8F, Vision, Framework and Overall Objectives of the Future Development of IMT-2000 and Systems beyond IMT-2000, 2002. [4] 2G 3G Cellular Wireless data transport terminology, Arc Electronics www.arcelect.com/2G3G_Cellular_Wireless.htm [5] Schiller, J., Mobile Communications, slides http://www.jochenschiller.de/ [6] Tachikawa, Keiji, A perspective on the Evolution of Mobile IEEE Communications,

6. References:
[1] Mobile cellular, subscribers per 100 2002 http://www.itu.int/ITUD/ict/statistics/at_glance/cellular02.pdf [2] Kim, Y., Jeong, B.J., Chung, J., Hwang, C., Ryu, J.S., Kim, K., Kim, people, International Union Statistics, Telecommunication

Communications Magazine, October 2003, pp. 66-73 [7] Hui, Suk Yu, and Yeung, Kai Hau, Challenges in the Migration to 4G Mobile Systems, IEEE Communications Magazine, December 2003, pp. 5459eamless handover and the additional data communications

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