by Harold D. Shane, Ph.D.

Pre-GED Mathematics Study Guide

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This study guide should be used along with the following program published by Video Aided Instruction. The instructor works through the exercises found in this guide and much, much more during the course of the actual program.

Pre-GED Mathematics Study Guide

Introduction
Do you want a high school diploma, but find it too overwhelming to even begin studying on your own? If you lack the basic skills needed to start preparing for the GED/High School Equivalency Tests, then these Pre-GED programs are just what you need. This comprehensive DVD series from the experts at Video Aided Instruction is a great first step toward GED success. We all know how crucial a solid educational foundation is to future learning. If you forgot or never learned those basic skills from elementary school through high school, these crash-courses are the answer. Here, skilled teachers and test-taking experts present the fundamentals of each GED subject. With these great programs, you'll master the basic skills required for each test and take the stress out of learning along the way! Best of all, you'll work and learn at your own pace. It's like having your own private GED teacher! These Pre-GED programs will help you expand your knowledge in a variety of areas, such as reading comprehension, grammar, algebra, life science, geography, and more. This user-friendly series will get you well on your way!

Pre-GED Mathematics
3 DVDs 5 hrs. 14 mins. total item #VAI-1337 price $79.95 isbn 1-57385-133-7 upc 600459133795

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This study guide should be used along with a program published by Video Aided Instruction, Inc.

Other Video Aided Instruction titles you might enjoy:

GED Mathematics
3 discs thorough test preparation for the tough math topics found on the GED!

About the Author

Harold D. Shane, Ph.D., is a Professor Emeritus of Mathematics. He taught at Baruch College, City University of New York for over 30 years, and was the Department Chair for 14 years. Dr. Shane is a prolific author of mathematics textbooks, research articles, and reviews.

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CONTENTS
Have you ever tried to position a ladder under a window, only to find that the ladder you have doesnt reach the window? If so, youve already encountered a real-life situation which calls for the Pythagorean theorem. As you progress through this program, youll review many fundamental concepts of algebra and geometry just like this one, and these tough mathematical topics will become much easier for you to understand.

PART 1: Introduction

PART 1: Introduction .................................................... 3

PART 2: Algebra

PART 2: Algebra Exercise A: Order of Operations

1. Simplify each numerical expression. (a) 3 + 2 8 (b) 7 + 12 3 5 2 (c) 22 4 (12 3 ) 2. Which of the following expressions is equal to 24? (1) (9 4 2)2 (2) 8 4 2 2 (3) 3 2 3 (4) (16 4)3 (5) 5(6 2 3)

Exercise A: Order of Operations.......................................... 3 Exercise B: Signed Numbers ............................................... 3 Exercise C: Operations with Monomials ............................. 4 Exercise D: Zero Power and Scientific Notation ................. 5 Exercise E: Operations with Polynomials............................ 5 Exercise F: Solving First-Degree Equations Exercise F: and Inequalities in One Variable ....................... 5 Exercise G: Factoring .......................................................... 7 Exercise H: Solving Quadratic Equations............................ 7 Exercise I: Radicals.............................................................. 7

PART 3: Geometry

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Exercise J: Angle Relationships........................................... 7 Exercise K: Parallel Lines.................................................... 8 Exercise L: Angles in a Triangle.......................................... 8 Exercise M: Similar Triangles ............................................. 9 Exercise N: Pythagorean Theorem ...................................... 9 Exercise O: Perimeter and Circumference........................... 9 Exercise P: Area................................................................. 10 Exercise Q: Volume ........................................................... 10

Exercise B: Signed Numbers

1. Add each of the following. (a) 5 (b) 24 13 3 (d) 16 5 15 + 2 (c) 1.5 + 4.2

PART 4: Coordinate Geometry

Exercise R: Plotting Points ................................................ 11 Exercise S: Distance, Midpoint, and Slope........................ 11

Pre-GED Mathematics Study Guide

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2. On Monday Mr. Smith bought stock in Ajax Corporation for $32 per share. For the rest of the week the daily changes in the price were 2, 3, +6, 4. What is the price of Mr. Smiths stock at the end of the week? (1) $17 (2) $29 (3) $32 (4) $37 (5) $47 7. In (a)(c), find the numerical value of each expression if x = 2, y = 3, and z = 5. (a) 4 x + 3 y (b) 2 xy 2 + z (c) x 2 2 x + 2 5 (d) If C = ( F 32), what is the numerical value 9 (d) of C when F = 14 ?

3. In (a)(d), perform the indicated subtraction. (a) 16 ( 12) (b) 8 ( +6) (c) 8 13 (d) 8 (6 9)

Exercise C: Operations with Monomials

1. Simplify each expression by combining like terms. (a) 4 a + 5a (b) 3 x 5 x (c) 2 a 2 ( 7a 2 ) 2. Subtract 4 xy from the sum of 7 xy and 16 xy . 3. Multiply each of the following. (a) 2 2 2 3 (b) A2 A3 (c) z 2 z 8 z (d) ( x 2 )3 4. Divide each of the following. 45 b7 x8 x2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 b x5 (d) z6 z4 z2 5. Multiply each of the following. (a) ( 3 y)( 4 y) (b) ( 7 x 2 )( 2 x 4 ) 2 3 (c) (3a b)(5ab ) 6. Divide each of the following. 15b 6 24 x 4 y 6 (a) (b) 3b 2 6 xy 4 (c) 4 a 2 b 6 ab

4. In Chicago at 4AM the temperature was 9. By noon the temperature was up to +5. What was the change in temperature in degrees? (1) 14 (2) 4 (3) 0 (4) 4 (5) 14

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5. In (a)(h), perform the indicated operation(s). (a) ( 10)(6) (b) ( 5)( 3) (c) 20 ( 5) 18 6 0 (d) (e) (f) 36 6 8 3 2(3)( 5)( 2) (g) 2 (h) 12 4 16

6. Which of the following numbers is not equal to 36? ( 8)(9) 72 (1) 6( 2)( 3) (2) (3) 2 2 (4) 4( 3)2 (5) 6 2

Pre-GED Mathematics Study Guide

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Exercise D: Zero Power Exercise D: and Scientific Notation

2. Multiply each of the following. (a) 6(2 x + 3 y) (b) t (t 2) 2 (c) 3m(2 m 3m + 2) (d) (3 x )0 3. Multiply each of the following. (a) ( x + 8)( x + 4) (b) ( y 3)( y 7) (c) (3z 4)( z + 2) 4. Divide each of the following. 8a + 16b p + prt (a) (b) 4 p (c) 12 x 2 9 x 3x

1. Simplify each of the following. (a) k 0 (b) 4 0 + 2 (c) 3 x 0

2. Express each number in scientific notation. (a) 8, 000 (b) 93, 000, 000 (c) 325, 900

3. Express each number in ordinary notation. (a) 2.4 10 5 (b) 4.08 10 7

4. Express each number in scientific notation. (a) 0.83 (b) 0.0072 (c) 0.0000932

5. (a) The approximate diameter of the smallest particle visible to the naked eye is 4 10 3 inches. Express the diameter in ordinary notation. (b) In a carefully calibrated experiment, it took light from a laser 2.16 10 8 seconds to cross a room. Express the time in ordinary notation.

Exercise F: Solving First-Degree Equations Exercise F: and Inequalities in One Variable

1. In (a)(f), solve for the unknown. (a) y 3 = 9 (b) x + 4 = 12 (c) 14 = z 9 x (d) 9t = 54 (e) 4 x = 24 (f) = 20 5 3 2. If y = 9 , then y equals 4 (1) 16 (2) 12 (3) 8 (4) 12 (5) 16 3. In (a)(c), solve for the unknown. (a) 3 x + 2 = 14 (b) 20 = 5 x + 10 (c) 2 m 3( m 4) = 4

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Exercise E: Operations with Polynomials

1. Simplify each of the following expressions by combining like terms. (a) 5 x + 7 + 3 x 2 (b) 7a 3b 4 a 4b 2 2 (c) x 3 x + 2 + (2 x x + 9) (d) x 2 3 x + 2 (2 x 2 x + 9) (e) Subtract 3a b from 2 a + 5b .

Pre-GED Mathematics Study Guide

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4. Michelle paid $276 for 4 skirts and 3 blouses. The skirts cost $42 a piece. If we let x be the price of a blouse, (a) which equation could be used to find x? (1) x + 168 = 276 (2) 3 x + 42 = 276 (3) 3( x + 42) = 276 (4) 168 + 3 x = 276 (5) not enough information is given (b) what is the price of a blouse? (1) $46 (2) $40 (3) $36 (4) $28 (5) $24

8. Two cars start at the same time from the same place and travel in opposite directions. The slow car travels 42mph and the fast car travels 63mph. (a) Which equation can be used to find the time, t, at which they will be 525 miles apart? (1) 21t = 525 (2) 42t + 63 = 525 (3) 63t + 42 = 525 (4) 525t = 105 (5) 105t = 525 (b) What is t? (1) 30 (2) 25 (3) 11 (4) 9 (5) 5 (c) Under the same conditions, if the two cars were traveling in the same direction, after how many hours would they be 525 miles apart? (1) 30 (2) 25 (3) 11 (4) 9 (5) 7 9. If 3 pounds of potatoes cost $2.60, at the same rate, what is the cost of 5 pounds of potatoes to the nearest cent? 10. On a map the scale is 1" = 40 miles. If the actual distance between two cities is 300 miles, what is the distance between the cities on the map?

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5. Angelo has $12,000 in his bank account. He earns $4,000 per month and can save 15% of it. For how many months, m, would he have to save in order to be able to buy a $21,000 car? (a) Which equation best describes the problem? (1) 12000 (.15) + 4000 m = 21000 (2) 12000 + (.15)( 4000)m = 21000 (3) 4000 (.15) + 12000 m = 21000 (4) 4000 (.15) + 12000 + m = 21000 (5) not enough information is given (b) What is m? (1) 8 (2) 12 (3) 15 (4) 18 (5) 32

6. If 7 times a certain number is diminished by 30, the result is 4 times the original number. What is the number?

7. Johns age 5 years from now will be 3 times what his age was 7 years ago. How old is John today?

11. (a) The ratio of girls to boys in a physics class is 4:3. If there are 12 girls in the class, what is the total number of students in the class? (b) The ratio of girls to boys in a large lecture is 4:3. If there are 280 students in the lecture, how many are girls?

Pre-GED Mathematics Study Guide

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Exercise I: Radicals
1. In (a)(c), solve for x. (a) x 2 = 49 (b) x 2 = 25 (c) x 2 = 37 2. Evaluate each radical. (a) 36 + 64 (b) 144 121 (c) 4 9

12. (a) If 2 x 3 > 7 , which of the following could be the value of x? (1) 2 (2) 0 (3) 4 (4) 5 (5) 6 (b) If 3 4 y 43 , which of the following could be the value of x? (1) 20 (2) 15 (3) 12 (4) 11 (5) 8

Exercise G: Factoring

1. Factor each of the following. (a) 3 x + 18 (b) 5 x 10 y 2 (c) 4 x + 6 x (d) 14 a 3b 21ab

3. If 3 times the square of a certain positive number is 255, the number is closest to (1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 8 (4) 9 (5) 10

2. Factor each of the following. (a) x 2 16 (b) 4 y 2 49

PART 3: Geometry Exercise J: Angle Relationships

C D

3. Factor each of the following. (a) x 2 + 7 x + 6 (b) y 2 6 y + 8 (c) z 2 6 z 16

Exercise H: Solving Quadratic Equations

B

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1. In (a)(d), solve for the unknown. (a) x 2 36 = 0 (b) 3 x 2 = 48 (c) y 2 + 6 y = 0 (d) x 2 = 6 x

2. If x 2 + 9 x + 20 = 0 , one root of this equation is (1) 5 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 4 (5) 5

1. In the figure above, CBA is a right angle. If mABD is twice as large as mCBD, find the measure of the larger angle.

3. If the square of a positive number is decreased by 3 times the number and the result is 10, which of the following is the number? (1) 7 (2) 5 (3) 3 (4) 2 (5) 1

Pre-GED Mathematics Study Guide

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y
l1

28
E

l2

2. If l1 || l 2 above, what is y?

2. In the two intersecting straight lines above, mABC is 50 more than mCBD, what is mEBD?

Exercise L: Angles in a Triangle

1. If two angles of a triangle are 70 and 80, what is the measure of the third angle? 2. In a right triangle the acute angles are in a ratio of 2:3. What is the measure of the larger acute angle?

Exercise K: Parallel Lines

1. In (a) and (b) below, if l1 || l 2 , what is x?

32 x
l2
x

l1

(a)

3. In isosceles triangle ABC, one base angle is 48. What is the measure of the largest angle of the triangle?
B 30 8 x A C 8

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l1

(b)
l2

50

4. In ABC above, what is x?

Pre-GED Mathematics Study Guide

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Exercise M: Similar Triangles

B 15 5 A
16

Exercise O: Perimeter and Circumference

E 8 F

1. What length of weather stripping is needed to weatherstrip a rectangular doorway along all four sides if the door is 8 feet high and 3 feet wide?

1. In the above triangles, if mA = mD and mB = mE, what is the length of AC?

20 2 7

2. A tower casts a 14 foot shadow at the same time that a 6 foot tall man casts a 4 foot shadow. How high is the tower?

Exercise N: Pythagorean Theorem

2. What is the perimeter of the figure above? 3. Mr. Green uses 104 feet of fencing to totally enclose a rectangular vegetable garden. If the length of the garden is 12 feet more than the width, how wide is the garden? 4. A circular fish pond is 14 feet across. The distance, in feet, around the pond is closest to (1) 14 (2) 28 (3) 39 (4) 40 (5) 44

1. What is the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose legs are 3 and 4?

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2. A 13 foot ladder is leaning against a building. If the foot of the ladder is 5 feet from the base of the building, how high up the building does the ladder reach?

3. A wire is stretched from the top of a pole to a stake in the ground 4 feet from the foot of the pole. If the pole is 8 feet high, the length of the wire, in feet, is closest to (1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 8 (4) 9 (5) 12 5. In the figure above, if the circumference of the circle is 6, what is the perimeter of the square?

Pre-GED Mathematics Study Guide

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Exercise P: Area
1. What is the volume of a cereal box whose dimensions are 3" by 7" by 10"? 2. What is the length of a rectangular solid shipping container that is 3 feet wide and 9 feet high, and has the same volume as a 6 foot cubic box? 3. A cylindrical soup pot in an army cafeteria has a radius of 2 feet and a height of 3.5 feet. If a cubic foot of soup is approximately 7.5 gallons, about how many gallons of soup can the pot hold? (1) 330 (2) 282 (3) 53 (4) 44 (5) 14

Exercise Q: Volume

1. What is the cost of paving a 20' by 22' rectangular driveway if paving costs $5 per square foot?

2. The figure above shows a window; the window is in the shape of a square surmounted by an isosceles triangle. If the perimeter of the square is 24 feet and the height of the triangle is 5 feet, what is the total area of the window?

3. The area of a circle whose diameter is 20 is closest to (1) 31 (2) 63 (3) 100 (4) 126 (5) 314

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4. The area of a circle is 16 sq. in. What is its circumference in terms of ?

Pre-GED Mathematics Study Guide

5. The parks department built a concrete walk around a circular rock garden of radius 7 feet. If the walk is 3 feet wide, the area of the walk in square feet is (1) 9 (2) 49 (3) 51 (4) 100 (5) 196

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PART 4: Coordinate Geometry Exercise S: Distance, Midpoint, and Slope

Exercise R: Plotting Points

(c) (4,2) 1. If the coordinates of triangle ABC are A(1,5), B(6,7), and C(6,5), find (a) the length of AC (b) the length of BC (c) the area of triangle ABC (d) the length of AB

1. Plot the following points. (a) (4,5) (b) (3,2) (d) (1,5) (e) (3,0)

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Pre-GED Mathematics Study Guide

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2. If the endpoints of a diameter of a circle are (2,2) and (4,6), find (a) the coordinates of the center of the circle (b) the length of the radius (c) the area of the circle in terms of

3. A line passes through the points (2,1) and (1,3). (a) What is the slope of the line? (b) If the line passes through (7, k), what is k?

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Pre-GED Mathematics Study Guide

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For more information, call 1-800 -238-1512 or visit us online at videoaidedinstruction.com.