COURSE OF STUDY

2012-2013

Aerospace Engineering Department

M.Tech

IIT-Bombay

COURSE CURRICULA The M.Tech programme in Aerospace Engineering has the following four specializations: 1. 2. 3. 4. Aerodynamics (AE 1) Dynamics & Control (AE2) Aerospace Propulsion (AE 3) Aerospace Structures (AE 4)

The course curricula for the first two semesters of M.Tech programme is specific to each specialization, the details of which are given in the following pages. The third and fourth semesters are common to all specializations. For the four specializations, choose the electives as indicated below: Choose at least THREE electives from the courses shown under the list of elective courses for the respective specializations. Choose not more than ONE elective from the courses outside the list of respective specializations but listed under any other specialization of the Aerospace Department (Note: List of additional electives is also applicable here). Choose ONE elective from within the department courses or from any other course within the Institute in consultation with the Faculty Adviser. (Note: None of the electives should be repeated).

2 - year M.Tech Programme Department of Aerospace Engineering

Specializations : Aerodynamics, Aerospace Propulsion, Aerospace Structures, Dynamics & Control

1) CREDIT STRUCTURE: Sem. I Course Structure Core Courses Electives Institute Elective Lab. Course Seminar R & D Project Communication Training (P/NP) Course Total Project Total Credits 3 2 -1 1 ---7 -38 1 3 1 ---+1 -5+1 30 (+4) ---------48 *
I + II Stage

Sem. II

Sem. III

Sem. IV

Total

---------42
III Stage

24 30 6 4 4 -4 -(68+4) 72 90 158 (+4)

48

42

* I + II Registration in II Semester (January)

Specialization: Aerodynamics
First Semester L T P C AE 705 AE 707 AE 724 AE 611 AE 694 Introduction to Flight Aerodynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Experimental Methods in Fluid Mechanics Aerodynamics Lab. Seminar Elective I Elective II 5 Courses, 1 Seminar, 1 Lab 2 2 3 0 0 3 3 1 0 6 1 0 6 0 0 6 0 4 4 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 06 38

Second Semester L T P C AE 616 HS 699 Gas Dynamics Communication Skills Institute Elective Elective III Elective IV Elective V Total 6 courses I Stage Project 3 0 0 6 3 3 3 3 4* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 + 4 16 6 6 6 6

AE 696 * PP/NP course

Specialization: Aerodynamics List of specialization electives AE 617 AE 622 AE 624 AE 625 Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws Computing of High Speed Flows Hypersonic Flow Theory Particle Methods for Fluid Flow Simulation

AE 651 AE 678 AE 702 AE 706 AE 714 AE 717 AE 719 AE 722 AE 725 AE 736 AE 771 AE 773 AE 774 AE 782 ME 613 ME 619 ME 651 ME 653

Aerodynamic Design of Compressors and Turbines Aeroelasticity Advanced Flight Dynamics Computational Fluid Dynamics Aircraft Design Aircraft Flight Dynamics Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics Grid Generation for Computational Mechanics Air Transportation Advanced Aeroelasticity Matrix Computations Applied Mechatronics Special Topics in Aerodynamics and CFD Flow Control Finite Element and Boundary Element Methods (not available with CE 620) Experimental Methods in Thermal and Fluids Engineering Fluid Dynamics Boundary Layer Theory

ME 655 ME 660 ME 664 ME 701 ME 704 CE 620 CE 680 CE 682

Theory and Design of Fluid Machinery Numerical Methods in Fluid Flow Problems Advanced FEM and BEM Optimization Methods in Engineering Design (not available with AE 755) Computational Methods in Thermal and Fluid Engineering Finite Element Methods (not available with ME 613) Mechanics of Water Waves FEM Applications to Flow Problems

Specialization: Aerospace Propulsion

First Semester L T P C AE 711 AE 705 AE 707 AE 607 AE 694 Aircraft Propulsion Introduction to Flight Aerodynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Aerospace Propulsion Lab. Seminar Elective I Elective II 5 Courses, 1 Seminar, 1 Lab. 2 2 3 0 0 3 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 6 6 6 4 4 6 6

Second Semester L T P C AE 708 HS 699 Aerospace Propulsion Communication Skills Institute Elective Elective III Elective IV Elective V 6 courses I Stage Project 2 10 6 4* 3 0 0 6 3 0 0 6 3 0 0 6 3 0 0 6 30 + 4 16

AE 696$

* PP/NP Course

Specialization: Aerospace Propulsion

List of specialization electives AE 617 AE 622 AE 623 AE 643 Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws Computation of High Speed Flows Computing of Turbulent Flows Durability and Reliability Analysis in Design

AE 651 AE 656 AE 658 AE 659 AE 678 AE 706 AE 719 AE 723 AE 724 AE 726 AE 755 AE 780 AE 782 ME 613 ME 653 ME 660 ME 701 ME 704

Aerodynamic Design of Compressors and Turbines Aviation Fuels and their Combustion Design of Power Plants for Aircraft Aircraft Engine Sizing Aeroelasticity Computational Fluid Dynamics Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics Control of Gas Turbine Engines Experimental Methods in Fluid Mechanics Heat Transfer - Aerospace Applications Optimization for Engineering Design (not available with ME 701) Computational Heat Transfer Flow Control Finite Element and Boundary Element Methods (not available with CE 620) Boundary Layer Theory Numerical Methods in Fluid Flow Problems Optimization Methods in Engineering Design (not available with AE 755) Computational Methods in Thermal and Fluid Engineering

Specialization: Aerospace Structures

First Semester L T PC AE 709 AE 715 AE 705 AE 694 Aerospace Structures Structural Dynamics Introduction to Flight Seminar Elective I Elective II 5 Courses, 1 Seminar 2 1 0 6 2 1 0 6 2 0 3 3 1 0 6 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 06 34

Second Semester L T P C AE 678 HS 699 Aeroelasticity Communication Skills Institute Elective Elective III Elective IV Elective V Total 6 courses I Stage Project Aircraft Structural Mechanics Lab. 2 1 0 6 4* 3 0 0 6 3 0 0 6 3 0 0 6 3 0 0 6 30 + 4 16 0 0 4 4

AE 696 AE 727

PP/NP Course

Specialization: Aerospace Structures

List of specialization electives AE 604 AE 621 AE 639 AE 673 AE 676 AE 728 AE 730 AE 732 AE 736 AE 755 AE 771 AE 773 CE 615 CE 619 CE 620 ME 602 ME 613 ME 616 Advanced Topics in Aerospace Structures Inelasticity Theory Continuum Mechanics Fibre Reinforced Composites Elastic Analysis of Plates and Laminates Aircraft Production Technology Experimental Methods in Structural Dynamics Composite Structures Analysis and Design Advanced Aeroelasticity Optimization in Engineering Design Matrix Computations Applied Mechatronics Structural Optimization Structural Stability Finite Element Methods (not available with ME 613) Fatigue, Fracture, and Failure Analysis Finite Element and Boundary Element Methods (not available with CE 620) Fracture Mechanics

Specialization: Dynamics & Control

First Semester L T P C AE 705 Introduction to Flight 2 1 0 6

10

AE 773 AE 695 AE 799 AE 694

Applied Mechatronics State Space Methods of Flight Vehicles Control Systems Lab. Seminar Elective I Elective II 5 Courses, 1 Seminar, 1 Lab.

2 1 2 0 0 3 3

0 6 6 4 4 6 6

1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 38

Second Semester L T P C AE 690 HS 699 Control System Design Techniques Communication Skills Institute Elective Elective III Elective IV Elective V Total 6 courses I Stage Project 2 10 6 2 0 0 4* 3 0 0 6 3 0 0 6 3 0 0 6 3 0 0 6 30 + 4 16

AE 696

PP/NP Course

Specialization : Dynamics & Control List of Specialization Electives

AE 619 AE 622 AE 628 AE 629 AE 641 AE 678 AE 702 AE 703 AE 712 AE 713 Nonlinear Systems Analysis (not available with EE 613 or ME 670) Spacecraft Altitude Dynamics & Control Aided Inertial Navigation of Flight Vehicles Satellite Orbits: Model, Methods and Applictions Introduction to Navigation and Guidance Aeroelasticity (AE 715 Prerequisite) Advanced Flight Dynamics Digital Control Systems (not available with CL 692) Flight Dynamics and Control Spaceflight Dynamics

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AE 715 AE 755 AE 770 AE 775 CL 692 AE 613 AE 622/ SC 604 EE 640/ SC 613 ME 670 ME 637 SC 621 SC 623 SC 625

Structural Dynamics Optimization in Engineering Design Classical Dynamics System Modelling Dynamics and Control Digital Control (not available with AE 703) Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (not available with AE 619 or ME 670) Optimal Control Systems Multivariable Control Systems Nonlinear Systems Analysis and Control (not available with AE 619 or EE 613) Manufacturing Automation Quantitative Feedback Theory I Optimal and Robust Control Systems Theory

Second Year (Common to all five specializations) III Semester Credits AE 797 - I Stage Project 48

IV Semester AE 798 - II Stage Project Total Credits for Project 42 ------90 ====

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AEROSPACE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Course contents of the two year M. Tech. Program. AE 604 Special Topics in Aerospace Structures Pre-requisite : Consent of the course co-ordinator The course will cover some topics from the following list including some topics on recent developments in Aerospace Structures. Non-linear structural Mechanics, Fracture Mechanics, Structural stability, three-dimensional composites, Energy Methods, Random vibrations, Special Topics in Aero-elasticity, Smart Structures, Visco-elasticity, Plasticity, etc. The actual coverage will depend on the background of the students and the faculty available to cover the various areas. AE 607 Aerospace Propulsion Lab. Experimental studies based on Aerospace Propulsion courses. AE 611 Aerodynamics Lab. Experimental studies based on Aerodynamics courses. AE 616 Gas Dynamics 3006 0044 0044 3006

Basic equation of motion. Small perturbation methods in subsonic and supersonic flows. Similarity rules in high speed flows. Transonic flows. Normal and oblique shocks. Conical flow. .Flow in ducts of variable cross section. Method of characteristics and design of supersonic nozzles. Viscous effects in compressible flow. Hypersonic flows. Texts / References H.W. Liepmann and A. Roshko, Elements of Gas Dynamics, John Wiley, 1958. A.H. Shapiro, Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow, Vol. I and II, Ronald Press Co., 1957 AE 617 Numerical Methods for Conservation laws 3006

Scalar conservation laws. Burger's equation. Weak solutions, shocks, entropy conditions, linear hyperbolic systems, Linearization of nonlinear systems. Riemann problem, Hugoniot laws, rarefaction waves, integral curves, contact discontinuities, solution of Riemann problem for Euler equations. Numerical schemes for linear equations, CFL condition, upwind methods, conservative methods, Lax-wendroff theorem, Godunov's method, approximate Riemann solver, Roe's solver, High resolution methods TVD schemes, flux limiters, multidimensional upwinding.

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Texts / References Leveque, R.J., Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws, Birkhauser Verlag, 1990. Whitham, G., Linear and Nonlinear Waves, Wiley, 1974. Hirsch, C., Numerical Computation of Internal and External Flows, Vol. II, Wiley, 1988. AE 619 Nonlinear Systems Analysis 3006

Preliminaries: state and state space of a system, vector fields and their flows, ordinary differential equations as vector fields, examples of 1D and 2D flows, flows of linear systems. Nonlinear Phenomena: nonexistence and non-uniqueness of solutions, finite-escape time, isolated multiple equilibria, limit cycles, chaos. Mathematical Foundations: normed linear vector spaces, completeness, Lp spaces, contraction mapping principle, existence, uniqueness, continuity and differentiability of solutions of ordinary differential equations. Stability Theory: types of stability, Lyapunov stability, attractivity, asymptotic stability, Lyapunov's direct method for Lyapunov stability, asymptotic stability and instability, invariance principle and the Krasovskii-LaSalle theorem. Applications of Lyapunov Theory: estimation of domains of attraction, the comparison principle and estimation of rate of convergence, stability in the presence of perturbations, stability of linear systems, Lyapunov's indirect (linearization) method, the Lur'e problem. Input-Output Stability: BIBO stability, relation between BIBO stability and Lyapunov stability, small gain theorem. Special Topics: topological methods (Poincare-Bendixon theorem, index theory, Brockett's theorem), centre manifold theory, Poincare normal forms, methods of averaging and singular perturbations, existence and stability of periodic solutions, chaos. Texts / References M. Vidyasagar, Nonlinear Systems Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993. S. Sastry, Nonlinear Systems: Analysis, Stability and Control, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999. H. K. Khalil, Nonlinear Systems, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996. V. I.Arnold, Ordinary Differential Equations,The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1973. AE 621 Inelasticity Theory Pre-requisite: AE 209/CE201/ME201/MM203 Inelastic behavior in materials: an introduction; Thermodynamics of inelastic materials: governing balance laws and state variable, entropy and the equation of state, free energy and the rate of dissipation; elastoplastic beams: modeling of a thermoelastoplastic beam, 2106

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formulation of the solution strategy, statically underminate problems/general beam problems; introduction to small deformation plasticity: Rigid-plasticity model, elasto-plasticity model, hardening and the plastic arc length, finding the response of the material; the boundary value problem for plasticity: the governing equations: 3-D case, compatibility equations, plane problems: plane strain and plane stress, Airys stress function and the equations of compatibility, boundary conditions for the stress function, numerical solution; numerical solutions of boundary value problems. Texts / References A Khan and S. Huang, Continnum Theory of Plasticiy, Wiley-Interscience, 1995 J Lubliner, Plasticity Theory, Macmillan Publications 1990 Arun R. Srinivasa and Sivakumar M. Srinivasan, Inelasticity of Materials,Series on advances in Mathematics for Applied Sciences, World Scientific, 2009 Juan C Simo and Thomas J.R. Hughes, Computational Inelasticity, Springer, 1998. AE 623 Computing of Turbulent Flows 3006

Basics fluid dynamic process: Convection, viscous diffusion, dissipation, heat conduction, conservation equations, tensor form, constitutive relations; Turbulent flows: examples, comparison with laminar flows mean properties and fluctuations, co-relations between fluctuations; Direct numerical simulation: grid resolution for a range of length scales, DNS result for turbulent statistics, DNS data used for model evaluation; Large eddy simulation: filtered conservation equations, subgrid scale stresses, SGS models, computational requirement; Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes simulation: temporal, spatial and ensemble averaging, Reynolds averaged conservation equations, flow processes: convection viscous diffusion, turbulent diffusion; Reynolds stress tensor: physical interpretation, closure problem, eddy viscosity model, non-linear models, model calibration; Turbulent kinetic energy: exact transport equation, modeled conservation equation, physical processes: production, dissipation, molecular and turbulent diffusion; Turbulent boundary layer: viscous sublayer, log layer and defect layer. Displacement and momentum thickness; Compressible free shear layers: convective March number, growth rate, compressibility corrections; Shock boundary layer interaction: turbulence amplification by shock, limitation of existing models shock unsteadiness effects, comparison with DNS, Applications: scramjet inlets, rocket nozzles, wing body junctions. Texts / References White FM Viscous Fluid flow, 3rd edition, McGrave Hill, 2006 Pope S.B., Turbulent flows, Cambridge University Press, 2000 Tennekes H. and Lumley J.L, A first course in turbulence, the MIT Press Cambridge, 1973 Smith A.J. and Dussauge J.P., Turbulent shear layers in supersonic flow, 2nd edition, Springer, 2006 Gatski T.B. and Bonet J.P. Compressibility, turbulence and high speed flows, Elsevier, 2009

AE 639 Continuum Mechanics Pre-requisite: MA105, MA106

2106

15

Continuum Mechanics: an introduction; Mathematical preliminaries: Vector space, Index notations, Tensor algebra, tensor calculus; Kinematics: motion of a body; referential and spatial descriptions, the deformation gradient, stretch strain and rotation, spin circulation and vorticity, deformation of volume area, discussion on frames of reference; Basic thermomechanical principles: conservation of mass, surface tractions, body forces and stress tensor, conservation of linear and angular momentum, conservation of energy, clausius duehm inequality; Constitutive relations: principle of material objectivity,thermoelastic materials: isotropic, transversely isotropic and orthotropic, Inviscid fluid, viscous fluids, typical boundary value problems: bending of beams, torsion of a circular cylinder, fluid flow: poiseuille flow and Couette flow. Texts / References Fung P.C. First course in continuum, mechanics, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1977 W. Michael Lai, David Rubin and Erhard Krempl, introduction to continuum mechanics, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1993 Morton E. Gurtin, introduction to continuum mechanics, Boston: Academic Press, 1981 A.J.M. Spencer, Ccontinuum mechanics, Courier Dover Publications, 2004. AE 641 Introduction to Navigation and Guidance 2106

Fundamentals of Navigation, Stellar Navigation, Inertial Navigation, Radio and Radar based Navigation Systems, Global Positioning System, Other Specialized Navigation Systems, A Comparison of the various Navigational Aids, Some Case Studies. Fundamentals of guidance, Concepts of Intercept Geometry, Line of Sight and Collision Triangle, Proportional Navigation & Guidance (PNG) and Determination of Miss Distance, Augmented PNG and its comparison with PNG, Command to LOS & Beam Rider Guidance, Pulsed and Lambert's Guidance, Tactical Vs. Strategic Considerations in Guidance, Impact of Noise on Guidance, Target maneuvre and Evasion. Texts / References Anderson, E.W. 'The Principles of Navigation, Hollis & Carter, London, 1966 Kayton, M., 'Navigation : Land, Sea, Air, Space, IEEE Press, 1990 Parkinson, B.E. & Spilker, J.J. Global Positioning System : Theory and Applications;, Vol.1, Progress In Aeronautics and Astronautics Series, Vol.163, AIAA Publication,1996. Zarchan, P. Tactical & Strategic Missile Guidance, AIAA Education Series, 2nd Ed. AIAA Publication, 1992. AE 643 Durability and Reliability Analysis in Design 3006

Fatigue and fracture considerations in design and lifing of components. Durability of materials and components at elevated temperatures. Material characterization for fatigue, fracture, creep-rupture and application of failure models in design. Wear aspect of mechanical design. Reliability consideration in design of components and systems. Introduction to probabilistic design methodology. Strength based and time dependent reliability evaluation.

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Texts / References Bannantine J.A., Comer J.J., Handrock J.L., Fundamentals of Metal Fatigue Analysis, Prentice Hall Inc. 1990 Rao S.S. , Reliability Based Design, McGraw Hill Inc., 1992 A. Mubeen, Machine Design, Khanna Publishers, 1998 AE 651 Aerodynamic Design of Compressors and Turbines 3006

Axial Flow Compressor: Work done, Pressure-rise, Losses and efficiency, The blade shape, stagger and solidity; Incidence and deviation angles; Transonic/Supersonic blades - shock structures; Blade design on a meridional plane; Vortex Laws - radial distribution; Blade element method of design of stage; Characteristic plots; Multistaging and Matching of stages. Centrifugal Compressor: Flow pattern in Impellers; work done, losses and efficiency; Slip factor and degree of reaction; Design choices for impeller vanes: Backward, Forward curved and Radial; Vaned / Vaneless Diffuser, Axial Flow Turbine: Work extraction; Loading limits, Stator and Rotor - subsonic and supersonic profiles; Reaction and radial variation; Blade cooling techniques; Blade element method of design of stage; Radial Flow Turbine: Work done in impeller; Loading - temperature limits; Losses and efficiency. Texts / References N.A. Cumpsty, Compressor Aerodynamics, 1989 J.H. Horlock, Axial Flow Turbine, 1968 Gas Turbine Engine Design: (with Video Cassette) - ASME/IGTI, 1989

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AE 656

Aviation Fuels and their Combustion

3006

Introduction, Various fuels, solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, Aviation fuels requirements and specifications. Chemical thermo dynamics, Laws of thermodynamics applied to reacting systems. Equilibrium composition, Adiabatic flame temperature.Chemical kinetics, Reaction rates, Gas phase reactions, Surface reactions. Combustion : Premixed and diffusion flames, Laminar and turbulent flames, Flame velocities, Flame propagation theories, Diffusion flame, Droplet Combustion. Application to gas turbine combustor and rocket engine. Texts / References K.K. Kuo, Principles of Combustion, Wiley International, 1986. S.P. Sharma and C. Mohan, Fuels and Combustion, Tata McGraw Hill, 1984. F.A. Williams, Combustion Theory, John Wiley, 1965 A.G. Gaydon and Wolthart, Flames, Chapman Hall, 1979 AE 658 Design of Powerplants for Aircraft Prerequisite : AE 605 Preliminary cycle optimization. Design requirements and specifications. Matching of powerplant components. Propellers : elements of propellers, representative blade element theory, vortex theory, momentum theory, propeller characteristics, performance graphs, propeller design criteria. Propo-fans. Intakes, Various intake configurations, intake design criteria, intake flow analysis. Exhaust nozzles, various nozzle configurations, Convergent Divergent nozzles, Critical, supercritical and Subcritical operations, variable geometry nozzle, vectored thrust nozzle, future propulsion systems for passenger aircraft and military aircraft. Powerplant component testing, engine testing and performance evaluation. Texts / References : D.O. Dommasch, S.S.Sherby and T.L.Connolly ; 'Airplane Aerodynamics', Pitman 1967 J Seddon, E.L.Goldsmith, 'Intake Aerodynamics', Collins, 1985 J Chauvin, 'Supersonic Turboject Propulsion Systems and Components', AGARDO Graph120, 1969 AE 673 Fiber Reinforced Composites 3006 3006

Polymer matrix composites in aerospace structures. Fibers and polymeric matrix materials. Fabrication processes. Introduction to anisotropic elasticity. Unidirectional composites. Micromechanics Interfaces and interphases in polymer composites. Laminates and lamination theory. Damage characteristics of laminated composites. Delamination in composites. Interlaminar stresses and free edge effects. Hygrothermal stresses in composites Short fiber composites. Experimental characterization of composites. Introduction to metal matrix, ceramic matrix and carbon-carbon composites. Laminated plates under lateral load. Transverse shear effects.

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Texts / References R.F. Gibson, Principles of Composite Material Mechanics, McGraw- Hill, 1994. I.M. Daniel and O. Ishai, Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials, Oxford University Press, 1994. G. Lubin, Handbook of Composites, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1982. AE 676 Elastic Analysis of Plates and Laminates 3006

Assumptions of Love-Kirchoff thin plate theory, governing equation and boundary conditions of thin plates; Rectangular plates with various boundary conditions; Navier's and Levy's solutions; Bending of circular and annular plates. Plates under combined action of lateral and in-plane loads. Classical laminated plate theory for anisotropic laminated plates. Texts / References S.P. Timoshenko and S. Woinowsky-Krieger, Theory of Plates and Shells Second Edition, McGraw-Hill.

AE 678

Aeroelasticity

3006

Pre-requisite AE 715 Introduction to static and dynamic aeroelastic phenomena. Divergence of a lifting surface, two-dimensional and three-dimensional analysis. Analysis of divergence, aeroelastic loads of tapered and swept wings. Loss and reversal of control two and three dimensional analysis. Assumed modes and matrix formulations. Aeroelastic efficiency and flexible aerodynamic derivatives. Fundamentals of flutter analysis. Quasi-steady and unsteady aerodynamic forces on airfoils. Two-dimension and three-dimensional flutter analysis - modal formulation, generalised unsteady airloads. Flutter of tapered and swept cantilever wings. Flutter computation methods. Buffeting and stall flutter. Galloping and Vortex-induced vibrations of structures. Aeroelastic testing techniques. Texts / References Y.C. Fung, An Introduction to the Theory of Aeroelasticity, Dover, 1969 B.L. Bisplinghoff, H. Ashley and R.L. Halfman, Aeroelasticity, Addison-Wesley, 1972. C.H. Scanlan and R. Rosenbaum, Aircraft Vibration Flutter, Dover, 1968. E.H. Dowell, A modern course in aeroelasticity, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994 AE 690 Control System Design Techniques 2106

Prerequisite: Exposure to AE 695 or equivalent Selection of design specifications and basic design objective. Review of classical methods, design of compensators by frequency response method. Formulation of tracking and

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regulator problems ,effect of disturbances, noise and plant parameter uncertainty or tracking and accuracy. State space approach, improvement using state feedback, pole placement method. Linear quadratic regulator theory. Design of observers. Introduction to some standard simulation and design packages. Design case studies in control systems. Texts / References Kwakernask, H. and Sivan, R. Linear Optimal Control Systems, Wiley Interscience, 1972. Friedland B., Control System Design, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1987. Fredrik, D.K. Computer Programmes for Simulation and Design of Control Systems, Academic Press, 1984. AE 695 State-space Methods for Flight Vehicles 2 1 0 6

Fundamentals of Matrix Algebra & Vector spaces, solution of simultaneous equations for square, under-determined and over-determined systems. Concepts of basis vector transformations, similarity and adjoint transformations, eigen values and eigen vectors, Jordan form, characteristic equation, analytic functions of square matrices and CayleyHamilton theorem. Concepts of state, state-space, state vector, methods for obtaining the system mathematical model in the state-space form, state-space form for aerospace systems e.g. aircraft dynamics, missile dynamics, inertial navigation system etc. Solution of homogeneous state equations, concept of fundamental matrix and state transition matrix. Methods for evaluating state transition matrix, solution of non- homogeneous equations. Phase-variable and Jordan Canonical forms. Controllability and observability of the systems, pole placement design with full state feedback. Introduction to optimal control. Texts / References B. Friedland, Control System Design: An Introduction to State- space Methods, McGrawHill, New York, 1987. J.J. D'azzo & C.H. Houpis, Linear Control System Analysis & Design: Conventional and Modern, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995. B.C. Kuo, Automatic Control Systems, Prentice-Hall India, New Delhi, 1995. B. Etkin, Dynamics of Atmospheric Flight, John Wiley & Sons, London, 1972. Kuznetsov, Y.A., Elements of Applied Bifurcation Theory, Springer Verlag, 1995. Ananthkrishnan, N., Continuation and Bifuraction Methods Applied to Nonlinear problems in Flight Dynamics, Ph.D. Thesis, IIT Bombay, 1994. AE 702 Advanced Flight Dynamics 3006

Introduction to nonlinear dynamics, bifurcation theory and continuation methods. Problem of inertia coupling in rapid rolls and its solution. Flight dynamics at high angles of attack, Normal and Large-amplitude wing rock. Wing rock of delta wings, Topological methods. Nonlinear dynamics of missiles and projectiles, Roll lock-in, Catastrophic yaw. Texts / References Hancock, G.L., An Introduction to the Flight Dynamics of Rigid Airplanes, Ellis Horwood, 1995.

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AE 703 Digital Control Systems

3006

Introduction, z-transform, discrete transfer function, relations between continuous and discrete systems, state space modelling, controllability and observability, the digital filters, design using root locus, pole placement, regulator design, estimators, introduction to optimal control. Texts / References G.F. Franklin, J.D. Powell, M.L. Workman, Digital Control of Dynamic Systems, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1990 K.J. Astrom, B. Wittenmark, Computer Controlled Systems : Theory and Design, PrenticeHall, 1984. AE 705 Introduction to Flight 2106

Nomenclature of aircraft components. Standard atmosphere. Basic aerodynamics: Streamlines, steady fluid motion, incompressible flow, Bernoulli's equation, Mach number, Pressure and airspeed measurement, Boundary layer, Reynolds number, Laminar and Turbulent flow. Airfoils and Wings: Pressure coefficient and lift calculation, Critical Mach number, Wave drag, Finite wings, Induced drag, Swept wings, Aircraft Performance: Steady level flight, Altitude effects, Absolute ceiling, Steady climbing flight, Energy methods, Range and Endurance, Sustained level turn, Pull-up, V-n diagram, Take off and landing. Longitudinal static stability and control, Neutral point. Texts / References Anderson, J.D., Introduction to Flight, McGraw Hill 1989. Hale, J.F., Introduction to Aircraft Performance, Selection and Design, John Wiley, 1984. Barnard, R.H., and Philpot, D.R., Aircraft Flight, Longman, 1989. AE 706 Computational Fluid Dynamics 2106

Basic equations of fluid dynamics and levels of approximation. Mathematical nature of the flow equations and their boundary conditions. Grids and transformations. Basic discretization techniques applied to model equations and system of equations: finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. Analysis of numerical schemes: concept of consistency, stability and convergence. Error and stability analysis. Some applications. Texts / References Hirsch, C., Numerical Computation of Internal and External Flows, Vol. I, John Wiley, 1990. Anderson, J.D., Computional Fluid Dynamics, McGraw Hill, 1995. Anderson, D.A., Tannehill, J.C., and Pletcher, R.H.,Computational Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer, McGraw Hill, 1984.

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AE 707

Aerodynamics of Aerospace Vehicles

2106

Potential flow, Circulation and lift generation, Kutta condition. Thin airfoil theory, Source, Vortex and doublet panel methods. Subsonic compressible flow over airfoils, Prandtl- Glauert Compressibility correction. Supersonic flow over air- foils, Ackeret Theory. Oblique shocks and expansion waves, shock expansion method. Potential flow over finite wings, lifting-line theory, Vortex lattice method. Supersonic flow over finite wings, subsonic / supersonic leading edge. Linearized theory, Supersonic vortex lattice method. Slender Body Theory: Introduction to Transonic flows, Conical flows, Hypersonic flow and high-temperature flows. Texts / References J.D. Anderson, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, McGraw Hill, 1991. J.J. Bertin & M.C. Smith, Aerodynamics for Engineers, Prentice Hall, 1989. A.M. Kuethe & C. Chow, Foundations of Aerodynamics, John Wiley, 1986. H. Ashley & M.T. Landahl, Aerodynamics of Wings and Bodies, Addison Wesley, 1965. AE 708 Aerospace Propulsion 2106

Introduction, Various propulsive devices used for aerospace applications, Classifications of rockets: Electrical, Nuclear and Chemical rockets, Applications of rockets. Nozzle design: Flow through nozzle, Real nozzle, Equilibrium and frozen flow, Adaptive and non adaptive nozzles, Thrust vector controls, Rocket performance parameters. Solid propellant rockets, Grain compositions, Design of Grain. Liquid propellant rockets, Injector design, cooling systems, Feed Systems: Pressure feed and turbo-pump feed system. Heat transfer problems in rocket engines. Texts / References G.C. Oates, Aerothermodynamics of Gas Turbine and Rocket Propulsion, AIAA, 1988.M. Barrere et al, Rocket Propulsion, Elsevier, London, 1956. S.P. Sutton, Rocket Propulsion Elements, John Wiley, 1954 AE 709 Aerospace Structures 2106

Thin-walled stiffened structures in aerospace vehicles, basic components and assemblages. General formulation for thin-walled beams. Bending and torsion of thin-walled beams of arbitrary closed and open cross-sections, shear flow and shear center calculations for general cross-sections, warpless cross-sections. Bending and torsion of multi-cell thin-walled beams warping, shear flow and shear centre, stresses in thin walled beams of variable depth, effect of taper. Effect of warp restraint in thin-walled beams, axial constraint stresses, effect of warp restraint in open section beams. Buckling of thin walled beams, torsional instability, introduction to the instability of flat sheets, local buckling of composite shapes, buckling of stiffened sheets, effective width concept, design charts and formulae. Diagonal tension and semi-tension field beams.

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Texts / References T.H.G. Megson, "Aircraft Structures for Engineering Students", 2nd ed. Edward Arnold, London, 1990. E.F. Bruhn, "Analysis and Design of Flight Vehicle Structures", Tri-State Offset Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A., 1965. D.Williams, "Introduction to the Theory of Aircraft Structures", Edward Arnold, London, 1960. B.E. Gatewood, "Virtual Principles in Aircraft Structures",Vol.1 & 2, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1989. AE 711 Aircraft Propulsion 2106

Introduction to various aircraft propulsive devices: Piston-prop, Turbo-prop,Turbojet, Turbofan, Turboshaft, Ramjet,Vectored- thrust, Lift engines. Gas Turbine Cycles and cycle based performance analysis; 1-D and 2-D analyis of flow through gas turbine components - Intake, Compressors, Turbines, Combustion Chamber, Afterburner, and Nozzle. Compressor and Turbine blade shapes ; cascade theory; radial equilibrium theory ; matching of compressor and Turbine. Turbine cooling. Single spool and Multi- spool engines. Powerplant performance with varying speed and altitude. Texts / References Cohen,Rogers, and Saravanamuttoo, Gas Turbine Theory, Longman, 1987. G.C (r) Oates, Aerothermodynamics of Aircraft Engine Components, AIAA, 1985. AE 712 Flight Dynamics and Control 3006

Dynamics: Equations of motion of a rigid aircraft in body-fixed axes. Stability and wind axes. Linearization of equations of motion about steady level filght, stability derivatives, various longitudinal and lateral-directional modes of motion. Control: Stability augmentation systems, command augmentation systems and various autopilots for longitudinal and lateral-directional motion, ILS - and VOR - coupled control systems. Special Topics: Effect of inertial and kinematic cross coupling. Flying and handling qualities, pilot ratings, pilot-in-the-loop analysis. Modeling of flexibility. Control-structure interaction. Aircraft response to gust and turbulence. Active control technology applications in a control configured vehicle. Sensors used in flight control. Elements of missile control systems. Texts / References R. C. Nelson, Flight Stability and Automatic Control, McGraw Hill, 1990. D. McLean, Automatic Flight Control Systems, Prentice Hall, 1990. B. L. Stevens and F. L. Lewis, Aircraft Control and Simulation, John Wiley and Sons, 1992. J. H. Blakelock, Automatic Control of Aircraft and Missiles, Wiley-Interscience, 1991.

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AE 713

Spaceflight Dynamics

2106

Introduction to spacecraft, rockets and missiles, their basic functions and features, some examples. Fundamentals of Rocket Performance, simplified equations of variable mass rocket motion. Evaluation of rocket/missile trajectories as projectile motion, rectilinear motion in vacuum and in atmosphere, velocity-mass relations and other performance calculations and the gravity turn trajectory. Jet damping effect and concept of multistaging in launch vehicles and missiles. Fundamentals of constrained optimization in multistage rockets. Central force motion, Two body and three body problem, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, Geometry of conic sections and orbit determination from initial conditions Spacecraft orbit transfer, attitude motion, stability and control of the attitude motion. Texts / References M.H. Kaplan, Modern Spacecraft Dynamics & Control, John Wiley, 1976. J.W. Cornelisse, Rocket Propulsion and Spaceflight Dynamics, Pitman, 1979. W.T. Thompson, Introduction to Space Dynamics, John Wiley, 1963 AE 714 Aircraft Design 2106

Types of Aerial vehicles, their basic principles, advantages, disadvantages, limitations. Product/system design process. Formulation of problem-objective function, constraints. Solutions. Aircraft project phases. Configuration: Types and comparison of Wing, Tail, Fuselage, Landing Gear, Wing-Tail combinations, Powerplant (types, numbers, locations). Estimation of C, Field length, Allowable CG range, Thrust vs speed and Altitude for propeller and Jet. Estimation of Preliminary weight, Acquisition cost. Operating cost. Rubber Engine Sizing: Fixed engine sizing: Detailed weights, detailed geometry, etc. Detailed design: V-n diagram, design loads, structural layout. Introduction to advanced concepts in aircraft design. Texts / References D.P. Raymer, Aircraft Design - A Conceptual Approach, AIAA Educational Series, 1990. E. Torenbeek, Synthesis of Subsonic Airplane Design, Delft University Press, 1977. AE 715 Structural Dynamics 2106

Elements of analytical dynamics, generalised coordinates, Principle of Virtual Work, Hamilton's principle, Lagrange's equations, applications. Discrete systems with multiple degrees of freedom, elastic and inertia coupling, natural frequencies and modes, free vibration response, orthogonality of natural modes, modal analysis, forced vibration response, special and general cases of damping, matrix formulations, solution of the eigen value problem. Vibration of continuous systems, differential equations and boundary conditions, longitudinal, flexural and torsional vibrations of one-dimensional structures, approximate methods-Ritz series, assumed modes, Galerkin and integral formulations, vibration analysis

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of simplified aircraft and launch vehicle structures, structural damping, free and forced response of continous systems, modal truncation. Special formulations for large systems. Texts / References L.Meirovitch, "Elements of Vibration Analysis", 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1988 W.Weaver, S.P.Timoshenko and D.H. Young, Vibration Problems in Engineering, 5th ed., John-Wiley & Sons, 1990. L.Meirovitch, Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics, Sitjhoff & Noordhoff, 1980 R.W. Clough and Joseph Penzien, Dynamics of Structures, McGraw-Hill, 1975. R.L.Bisplinghoff, H. Ashley and R.L. Halfman, Aeroelasticity, Addison-Wesley, 1965. AE 717 Aircraft Flight Dynamics 2106

Static stability: Longitudinal neutral point in stick fixed and stick Free conditions, directional stability, Longitudinal and directional control. Lateral stability and control. Equations of motion of rigid aircraft in body fixed axes, Stability axes, stability derivatives, steady flight and perturbed flight. Various longitudinal and lateral-directional modes. Linearisation of the equatios of motion. Decoupling of lateral Directional motion from longitudinal motion. Texts / References J. Roskam, Flight Dynamics of Rigid and Elastic Airplanes, University of Kansas Press, 1972 R.C. Nelson, Flight Stability and Automatic Control, McGraw-Hill, 1990 B. Etkin, Dynamics of Atmospheric Flight, John Wiley, 1972. AE 719 Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics 3006

Formulations of Euler equations. Discretization methods for Euler equations. High resolution schemes and TVD. Properties of Navier-Stokes equations. Discretization of NS equations. Boundary conditions. Convergence acceleration techniques. Texts / References Hirsch, C., Numerical Computation of Internal and External Flows, John Wiley, 1990. Leveque, R.J., Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws, Birkhauser Verlag, 1990. Anderson, D.A., Tannehill, J.C. and Pletcher, R.H., Computational Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer, McGraw Hill, 1984. AE 722 Grid Generation for Computational Mechanics 3006

Structured Grid, Methods of generating structured grids, Multiblock Strategies and Interface Treatment and their merits and demerits, Unstructured Grids, Merits/Demerit over structured grids, Methods of Unstructured Grid Generation Use of Background Meshes, Adaptive Grids, Grid quality and Dynamic griding, Auto Blocking Techniques, CAGD Techniques in Grid Generation, Grid Generation Software, Applications of Unstructured and Hybrid Grids and Multi Block Structured Grids.

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Texts/ References P.L. George, Automatic mesh generation applications to finite element methods, John Wiley, 1991. AE 724 Experimental Methods in Fluid Mechanics 3006

Physical laws of Fluid Mechanics, Similarity analysis, inviscid incompressible flows, inviscid compressible flows, Viscous flows, Various measurable quantities. Flow facilities: Various types of Wind Tunnels, Water Tunnels, Towing Tank. Measurement of mean and fluctuating pressures: Various types of probes, Manometers, Transducers. Measurement of Temperature: Thermocouples, Measurement of Velocity: Mean velocity, Turbulence, Hot Wire Anemometer, LDV, PIV. Measurement of Skin Friction: Balance, Preston Tube; Unsteady Flow Measurements: Conditional sampling technique for periodic flows. Calibration: Primary calibrators and traceability. Data analysis: Precision, accuracy, error. Texts/ References R.J. Goldstom (ed.), Fluid Mechanics Measurements, Hemisphere Publishing, 1983. AE 725 Air Transportation 3006

Historical development and nature of Civil Aviation. Aviation organisations and their functions. Air-Transport regulations. The Airline industry. Airline economics and planning; Operating costs and revenue; Fleet planning and route development; Aircraft operations and performance. Aircraft Systems. Introduction to ATC and Avionics, Aircraft characteristics related to Airport Design, Airport Layout and Configuration, Geometric design of the airfield, Airport Costing and Financing, Cost-benefit analysis of Airport development. Impact of Airline deregulation on the airline industry. Air-transport in developing countries, Modern trends and current issues in Air transportation. Texts / References Naval Taneja, Introduction to Civil Aviation , 2nd ed. Lexington Books, 1988. William E.O' Conner, An Introduction to Airline Economics, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1995 R. Wilkinson, Aircraft Structures and Systems, Addison Wesley Longman, 1996 Robert Horonjeff and Francis, X. McKelvey Planning and Design of Airports , 4th ed. McGraw Hill, 1994. Norman Ashford, Clifton Moore, Airport Finance , Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992. George Williams, The Airline Industry and the impact of Deregulation, 2nd edition, Avebury Aviation, 1994.

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AE 726

Heat Transfer - Aerospace Applications

3006

Introduction, Modes of Heat transfer and basic equations. Conduction: Simple steady and unsteady conduction, applications. Convection: Natural and forced convection, applications. Radiation : Stefan - Boltzmann Law, Planck's law, Absorptivity, Emmissivity shape factor, applications. Aerospace applications: Turbine blade cooling, Disk cooling, Combustion Chamber Cooling, Rocket Engine cooling systems - regeneratively cooled, dump cooling, ablotion cooling, Radiation shield. Texts / References J.P. Holman, Heat Transfer, McGraw Hill, 7th Edition, 1992 S.P. Sukhatme, A Textbook on Heat Transfer, Orient Longman, 1979. AE 727 Aircraft Structural Mechanics Lab Experimental studies based on Aerospace structures courses. AE 728 Aircraft Production Technology 3006 0044

Special features of aircraft production. Aircraft assembly techniques.Design and manufacture of tooling. Assembly jigs and fixtures. Master tooling. Assembly of riveted, welded and adhesive bonded sub-assemblies. Detachable joints. Installation processes. Assembly of aircraft sections and units.Equipping and final assembly. Inspection and testing. Coordination of master, manufacturing and assembly tooling.Plastics for tooling. Fabrication and assembly of polymer composite structures. Machining, joining and repair of composites. Process modeling and optimization. Quality and reliability of an aircraft. Estimating and planning of production. CAD/CAM. Texts / References S.C. Keshu and K.K. Ganapathi, Aircraft Production, Interline Publishing, 1993. F.L. Mathews (ed), Joining Fiber Reinforced Plastics, Elsevier, 1987. M.M. Schwartz (ed), Composite Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill, 1992. AE 730 Experimental Methods in Structural Dynamics 3006

Basics of vibration measurements - Terminology and parameters, types of vibration and its quantification, basic considerations in experimentation. Vibration measurement equipment and signal analysers - types of transducers, signal conditioning, measuring techniques and instruments, frequency analysis - DFT and FFT, digital signal processing considerations. Experimental modal analysis - mathematical models, FRF and its forms, modal analysis theory, experimental methods, excitation techniques, single and multiple exciter techniques, shaker systems, modal parameter extraction techniques, SDOF and MDOF methods in frequency and time domain. Automatic force appropriation techniques. Ground resonance testing of Aircraft. Introduction to aircraft servo-elastic testing.

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Texts / References Harris C.M., "Shock and Vibration Handbook", 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, N.Y., 1988. Ewins D.J., "Modal Testing: Theory and Practice", John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1984. AE 732 Composite Structures Analysis and Design 3006

Prerequisite: AE 673 or Equivalent Thermomechanical behavior of polymer composites. Micromechanical modeling of continuous fiber composites. Interlaminar response of laminated composites. Fracture and fracture mechanics of composites Notched composites. Damage tolerance. Design for improved fracture resistance, impact resistance and fatigue resistance of polymer composites. Processing science and fabrication technology of polymer composites. Process modeling and optimization. Machining joining and repair of composites. Ablation. Environmental degradation of composites. Damping. 2D and 3D textile structural composites. Hybrid composites. Composites in aerospace applications Carbon-carbon composites. Composites as intelligent materials and structures. Texts / References B.Z. Jang, Advanced Polymer Composites, ASM International, 1994. G. Eckold, Design and Manufacture of Composite Structures, Woodhead, 1994. Engineered Materials Handbook - Vol. 1, Composites, ASM International, 1989. AE 736 Advanced Aeroelasticity 3006

Basic equations of motion of unsteady potential flow, small perturbation linearised theory. Boundary conditions and addition al physical considerations. Solution methodology, Accelerated flows. Unsteady lift and moments on oscillating two-dimensional thin airfoil and slender wing in incompressible flow and super- sonic flow, Piston Theory. Introduction to unsteady lifting surface theory. Divergence of swept, tapered wings. Aeroelastic loads and Aeroelastic efficiency computations. Flutter of wings. Modal formulation and assumed modes approaches. Generalised aerodynamic forces and modal unsteady airloads. Flutter Solution methods. Transient motion of airfoils - Fourier superposition, Wagner and Kussner functions and gust response. Time domain modeling of modal unsteady aerodynamic forces. Subcritical response of wings. Exposure to practical aeroelastic analysis. Introduction to aero-servo-elastic modeling of aircraft. Texts / References R.L.Bisplinghoff, H. Ashley and R.L. Halfman, Aeroelasticity,Addison-Wesley, Massachusetts, 1955. Y.C. Fung, An Introduction to the Theory of Aeroelasticity, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1955 R.L.Bisplinghoff and H. Ashley, Principles of Aeroelasticity, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. 1962 E.H. Dowell, H.C. Curtiss, R.H. Scanlan and F. Sisto, A Modern Course in Aeroelasticity, Sijthroff & Noordoff, Netherlands,1978.

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AE 752 Application of Optimization Laboratory

0044

(Based on the theory course Optimization for Engineering Design ) Solution of simple optimization problems already formulated; Comparison of optimization methods; Solution space search; Selection of the most appropriate method. Examples of formulating of general engineering design problems. Critical analysis; Presentation and discussions of well documented case studies in literature. Exposure to solution of MCO / MDO problems. Tools / Packages to be used MATLAB optimization Tool Box, Numerical Recipes, OPTIMIZE, NPSOL, MINOS etc. Texts / References Same as Optimization for Engineering Design course. Case studies provided by Aerospace organisations, Aerospace Systems Engineering Information Laboratory, CASDE. AE 753 Aerospace Vehicle Mission Analysis 2004

Military and civil aircraft missions. Flight segments: take-off, climb, cruise, loiter, descent, landing. Aircraft CL and CD, drag polar. Propulsive devices. Segment modeling and analysis. Aircraft range/radius of action and endurance. Aircraft aerodynamics by component build up method. Mission analyses for 3 types of aircraft. Mission design of missiles and space vehicles; Rocket engine and multi-staging; Trajectory simulation; Kill probability; Circular Error Probability and error analysis. Texts / References Steven Brandt, Randall Stiles, John Bertin and Ray Whitford, Introduction to Aeronautics: A Design Perspective, AIAA Publications, 1997. Anderson, J.D., Introduction to Flight, McGraw Hill, 1989. Ojha, S.K., Flight Performance of Aircraft, AIAA Publications, 1995. Case Studies provided by Aerospace organisations, Aerospace Systems Engineering Information Laboratory, CASDE. AE 754 Modeling and Simulation - Laboratory 0044

Software simulation of simple dynamical systems; Linear feedback control systems; Simulation of piecewise linear systems; Simulation of nonlinear mathematical models. SIMULINK (and/or similar package) based experiments on graphical synthesis of systems; Control synthesis for typical dynamical systems. Flight simulations; Time history records for typical flight trajectories of aircraft from library; Experiment on creating a new aircraft and testing its flight performance; Control law evaluation experiment on a variable stability platform; Software-hardware interface experiment using external devices. Texts / References Doeblin, E.O., System Modelling and Response, John Wiley & Sons, 1980. Ogata, K., Modern Control Engineering , Prentice Hall India, 1995

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Narasingh Deo, System Simulation with Digital Computer , Prentice Hall India, 1997. Law, A.M., and Kelton, W.D., Simulation, Modelling & Analysis , McGraw-Hill, 1991. Rolfe. J.M., and Staples, K.J., Flight Simulation, Cambridge Aerospace Series, Cambridge University Press, 1986. Manuals of Analog Computer, MATLAB, SIMULINK and other software Case studies provided by Aerospace organisations , Aerospace Systems Engineering Information Laboratory, CASDE. AE 755 Optimization for Engineering Design 3006

Engineering design process. Problem formulation in design; Constraints; Objective function. Constrained and unconstrained optimization problems; Necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality; Kuhn-Tucker conditions; Post-optimality analysis. Numerical methods for unconstrained and constrained nonlinear optimizations; Direct search methods; Steepest descent; Conjugate gradient (Fletcher Reeves); Newton's, DFP & BFGS method; Random walk; Simulated Annealing; Genetic Algorithms; Penalty function approaches; Method of Lagrange multipliers. Introduction to multi criteria optimization (MCO); Decision variables; Integrated problem formulation; Pareto optimum and Min-Max optima; Solution methods based on function scalarisation. Introduction to Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO); Definition; Examples; Decomposition; Approximations and System sensitivity analysis in MDO. Exposure to single level, concurrent subspace and collaborative optimization methods; System and discipline level functions and intercommunication. Texts / References Arora, J.S., Introduction to Optimum Design , McGraw-Hill, 1989. Rao, S.S., Engineering Optimisation - Theory and Applications , New Age International, New Delhi, 1998. Deb, K., Optimisation for Engineering Design: Algorithms and Examples ,Prentice-Hall India, 1995. Osyczka, Multicriterion Optimization in Engineering , John Wiley & Sons, 1984. Goldberg D.E., Genetic algorithms in Search, Optimisation and Machine Learning , Addison Wesley, 1989. Van Laarhoven, P.J.M., and Aarts, E.H.L., Simulated Annealing: Theory and Applications , Kluwer Academic Publication, Reidel, Dordecht, 1987 (ISBN 90-277-2573-6). Research papers in MDO (AIAA papers) AE 759 Systems Engineering Principles 2004

Systems definitions and concepts. Conceptual system design; Introduction to engineering design and decision making; Requirements capture; Quality Function Deployment; Queuing theory; Design options; Monte Carlo modeling; Engineering microeconomics; Utility theory; Forecasting. Engineering systems modeling. Analysis of system: Reliability; Maintainability; Serviceability; Disposability and Affordability. Cost and benefit analysis. Methods of decision analysis; State transition matrix models; Modeling the research and development process; Information, System life-cycle modeling and optimization. Game theory;

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Management of engineering systems design and operation; Programme management with case studies. Texts / References George, A. Hazelrigg, Systems Engineering : An Approach to Information-Based Design, Prentice Hall NJ, 1996. Benjamin, A., Blanchard, and Walter, J. Fabrycky, Systems Engineering and Analysis , 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall International Series, Industrial & Systems Engg., 1998. Terry Bahill, Bo Bentz, and Frank Dean, Discovering System Requirements , SAND961620, Sandia Report, Sandia National Laboratories, USA, 1999, http://www.sie.arizona.edu/sysengr/requirements/ AE 763 Introduction to Avionics 2004

Importance and role of Avionics; The avionics environment. Air data information and its use; Air data laws and relationships; Air data sensors and computing. Control laws; Redundancy and failure survival; Digital implementation; Fly-by-Light control systems; Gyros and accelerometers; Attitude and heading reference systems. Introduction and basic principles of navigation; Radio direction finding; Radio ranges; Hyperbolic system of navigation (LORAN, DECCA); DME and ACAN; Doppler navigation; Inertial navigation; GPS; Terrain reference navigation. Aids to approach and landing. Head-Up Displays; Helmet mounted displays; Head down displays. Data fusion. Displays Technology. Control and data entry. Radar and communication. FMS. Avionics system integration. Data bus. Introduction to safety systems; EGDWS; SWS; TCAS I & II; ADS-B. Texts / References Collinson, R.P.G., Introduction to Avionics Chapman & Hall, 1996. Nagaraja, N.S., Elements of Electronic Navigation , Tata McGraw Hill, 1996. Middleton, D.H., Ed., Avionics Systems , Longman Scientific & Technical Publications, 1989. Case studies provided by Aerospace organisations , Aerospace Systems Engineering Information Laboratory, CASDE. AE 765 Introduction to Concurrent Engineering 2004

Historical background of Concurrent Engineering (CE). Sequential and concurrent processes; Definition and framework of CE; Decomposition of product development stages; Implementation of CE; Role of Information Technology in CE; Examples of CE applications. Integration of design and manufacturing; Design evaluation for manufacturing cost; Design process optimization for CE; Role of CAD/CAM and automation in CE. Virtual reality and Rapid Prototyping. Design for manufacturing case studies; Design for reliability, maintainability and reparability and their implication on CE. CE application to composite structures: Structural design using composite materials; Mechanical properties and design parameters of composite materials. Composite manufacturing processes with emphasis on manufacturing time, quality and cost; Case studies on design for manufacturing of composite structural elements.

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Texts / References Biren Prasad, Concurrent Engineering : Fundamentals, Vols. I & II , Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1996. Andrew Kusiak, Concurrent Engineering, Automation, Tools and Techniques , John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1993. Backhouse, C.J., and Brookes, Concurrent Engineering , Gower Publishing House, 1996. Karandikar, H., and Mistree, F., Designing a Composite Material Pressure Vessel for Manufacturing: A Case Study in Concurrent Engineering, Engg., Engineering Optimization, Vol 18, pp. 235-262., 1992 Case studies provided by Aerospace organisations, Aerospace Systems Engineering Information Laboratory, CASDE. AE 769 System Modelling, Control and Simulation 3006

Introduction to modeling of systems : Objective, Concepts, types of models, Analytical vs. Experimental models, Deterministic vs. stochastic models, Linear vs. non-linear models, Mathematical representation of flight vehicle Dynamics, quasi-steady aerodynamic models, Actuator and sensor dynamic Representation, Laplace and State-space forms, Graphical representation of models, Block and signal flow diagrams. Time vs. frequency domain control procedures and control implementation issues. Computer simulation diagrams. Computers and their use in system simulation, simulation languages, flight Simulation. Simulation of elementary flight trajectories. PC-based flight Simulators and selected case studies. Text/References E. Doeblin, System Modelling & Response, John Wiley & Sons, 1990 K. Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi, 1995 J. Roskam, Airplane Flight Dynamics and Automatic Flight Controls - Part I & II DARCorp Press, 1998. A.L. Greensite, Analysis and Design of Space Vehicle Control Systems, Spartan, 1970. J.H. Blakelok, Automatic Control of Aircraft and Missiles, Wiley-Interscience, 1991. Narasingh Deo, System Simulation with Digital Computer, Prentice Hall , India, 1997 Rolfe & Staples, Flight Simulation, Cambridge University Press, 1986 Case Studies provided by Aerospace organizations. AE 770 Classical Dynamics 3006

Lagrangian Mechanics, Constrained Systems, Variational Methods, Lagrange Multipliers, Linear Oscillators, Central Force Systems, Noether's Theorem, Hamiltonian Dynamics, Canonical Transformations, Action-Angle Variables, Rotating Coordinates, Rigid Bodies, Small Vibrations. Texts/References: Hand, L. M. and Finch, J. D., Analytical Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 1998. Barger V. D., and Olsson M. G., Classical Mechanics, McGraw Hill, 1995. Greenwood, D. T., Classical Dynamics, Prentice Hall, India, 1990.

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AE 771

Matrix Computations

3006

Systems of linear equations, Cholesky decomposition, Gauss elimination, LU decomposition, pivoting, sensitivity of linear systems, Condition numbers, round-off errors, Ill-conditioned matrices. Orthogonal matrices, least-squares problem, Gram-Schmidt method. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, QR algorithm, Hessenberg and tridiagonal forms, Invariant subspaces, Symmetric eigenvalue problem, singular value decomposition. Texts / References Watkins, D S , Fundamentals of Matrix Computations, John Wiley, 1991. Golub, G H and Van Loan, C F, Matrix Computations, 2 nd ed. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1989 Stewart G W., Introduction to Matrix Computations, Academic Press, 1973. AE 774 Special Topics in Aerodynamics and CFD 3006 Pre-requisite : Consent of Course Co-ordinator This course will cover special and advanced topics in aerodynamics and CFD. The course will typically consist of 2 or 3 modules taught by one or more instructors. Exact topics and coverage will depend on availability of instructors and background of students, and will be intimated in advance. The topics will be in the areas of Turbulence and turbulence modeling, Bluff body and vortex dominated flows, High speed and hypersonic flows, Advanced computational methods, Flow dynamics, stability and control, Industrial fluid mechanics, Aero acoustics and noise control. AE 773 Applied Mechatronics 2 02 6

Pre-requisite : Basic course in Electronics or Instrumentation Review of basic electronic devices - diodes, transistors, operational amplifiers and their various forms. Digital electronic components and their applications - Flip-flops, registers, counters, switches, triggers, timers etc. Data acquisition - Sample and hold circuit, digital - analog, analog-digital converters. Introduction to micro-controllers and their usage with specific reference to Adapt 11 Board (68 HC 11 micro-controller). Sensors (conventional / MEMS) - Potentiometers, encoders, accelerometers, angular rate sensors, load-cells, pressure - transducers, GPS, heading, Actuators - DC motor, stepper motor, servo motor, relays. Hands on experience with above referred devices / components. Group project on mechatronics system integration using sensors, actuators and Adapt 11 Board microcontroller and demon stration. Texts / References Histand & Aciatore , Introduction to mechatronics and measurement systems , McGraw Hill Publications, 1999.

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Bradley, Dawson & Loader, Mechatronics - Electronics in products and processes , Chapman Hall, 1994. Paul Horowitz, The art of electronics, Winfield Hill, Cambridge University Press, Second Edition, 1989. AE 774 Special topics in Aerodynamics and CFD Pre-requisite : Consent of Course Co-ordinator This course will cover special and advanced topics in aerodynamics and CFD. The course will typically consist of 2 or 3 modules taught by one or more instructors. Exact topics and coverage will depend on availability of instructors and background of students, and will be intimated in advance. The topics will be in the area of Turbulence and turbulence modeling. Bluff body AE 775 System Modeling, Dynamics and Control 2106 Introduction to modeling of systems : Objective, Concepts, types of models, Examples of interacting dynamic systems. Classical dynamic models of simple and complex physical systems : Mechanical, Hydraulic, Thermal and Electrical Systems. Topological models : Block diagram representation and manipulation. Signal flow graph, Masons Gain formula. Other Forms : Laplace Transform, Transfer function, Integration Diagrams, State space Models etc. and their applications. Dynamics : Transient response of first and second order systems. Control : Characteristic equation, representation on s plane. Concept of stability, Rouths criterion, Open and close loop control, Types of controllers, Steady state analysis, Error coefficients, Performance Indices, Root Locus method, Frequency response method, Bode Plots, Stability margins, Nyquist plot and criterion, Introduction to compensation and compensators. Texts / References E. Doeblin, System Modelling and Response, John Wiley & Sons, 1990 K. Ogata, Modern Control Engineering , Prentice Hall India, 3rd Ed. 1997 I.J. Nagrath & M. Gopal, Systems Modelling and Analysis , Tata McGraw Hill, 1995 J.J. DAzzo & C.H. Houpis, Linear Control System Analysis & Design, 4th Ed. McGraw Hill, 1995. AE 779 Optimization of Multidisciplinary Systems 3006 3006

Introduction to Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) - need and importance, conceptual elements, examples. Coupled systems - analyser vs. evaluator, decomposition, system and discipline level design variables and constraints. Classification of MDO problem formulations - single vs. bi-level optimisation, nested analysis and design vs. simultaneous analysis and design. System and discipline level functions and intercommunication. MDO architectures based on these concepts. Concurrent subspace optimisation, collaborative optimisation and BLISS. Sensitivity analysis in MDO, global sensitivity equations, automatic differentiation, complex variable and adjoint methods. Approximation concepts and surrogate modeling, first and second order approximations, design of experiments and response surface methodology,

34

krigging, design and analysis of computer experiments, multi-fidelity multi-point approximations. Software and IT issues in MDO - MDO frameworks. Texts/References Hajela P. and Vanderplaats G.N., Optimal Design in Multi-disciplinary Systems, Notes of the three day professional course on Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization held at ADA, Bangalore, Jan. 5-7, 2001, CASDE Library, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. Khuri A.I. and Cornell J.A. Response Surfaces - Design and Analyses, Second Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1996. Montgomery D.C. Design and Analysis of Experiments, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001. Selected AIAA Papers. AE 780 Computational Heat Transfer 3006

Introduction, Governing equations for fluid flow and heat transfer. Solution to Partial Differential Equations - application to conduction, convection. Incompressible and compressible flow simulation, Laminar and Turbulent flows, Flow with chemical reactions. Texts / References Patankar S.V. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow , Hemisphere Pub. Co., 1981 Hirsch, C. Numerical Computation of Internal and external flow, Vol. I & II, John Wiley, 1990. AE 782 Flow Control 3 0 0 6

Pre-requisite : Basic knowledge of Fluid Mechanics . Introduction to flow control, history of flow control, governing equations, equations of motion at the wall, control goals, classification of flow control methods, active, passive and reactive flow control, wall bounded and free shear flows, coherent structures, control methods for laminar and turbulent flows, Reynolds number effects, transition control, compliant coatings, free-surface waves, flow separation, steady and unsteady separation, mechanics, characteristics and effects of flow separation, detection of flow separation, prevention and delay of separation, provocation of separation, control of flow separation by active and passive means, vortex generators and vortex generator jets, low-Reynolds number aerodynamics, separation bubble, drag reduction, drag reduction in automobiles, relaminarization, noise reduction, passive noise control, compliant coatings, jet noise, turbomachinery blades, secondary flows and its control, synthetic jets, microelectromechanical systems in flow control, emerging trends in flow control. Texts/ References : 1. Gad-el-Hak, M., Flow Control, Cambridge University Press, 2000 2. Chang, P.K. Control of Flow Separation , Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1976 3. Lachmann G.V., Boundary Layer and Flow Control, Volumes 1 & 2 ~ T, Pergamon Press, 1961.

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