Homework assignment #2 abstracts #4.

1 In this problem, we had a process presented in which water was entering the tank at a mass rate of 6.00 kg/s and water was leaving the tank at a rate of 3.00 kg/s. It was determined that this process was continuous due to the fact that there existed a flow going in the system and out. The system however was an unsteady state since volume is a function of time. Accumulation is present in this system. This is because the input is greater then the output. The rate of accumulation was calculated to be 3.00 Kg/s and consumption and generation are 0 since no reactions are occurring. The problem informs readers that the size of the tank is 2.00-m3 and at the beginning of the process, the tank is half full. This means that 1.00m3 is water and the rest of the tank is empty. In order to find the time it takes for this tank to overflow, one needs to find the amount of time for an accumulation of 3.00Kg/s to reach 1 m3. This is done by first converting 3.00kg/s to m3/s. This conversion can be executed by finding the density of water, which is assumed to 1,000Kg/m3. This density divides the mass rate to produce 0.000300m3/s also known as the volumetric rate. Then one can solve the equation (0.000300m3/s)*(time)=1m3 and the result is 333 seconds. 4.2 This problem describes a reaction AB takes place in a well-stirred tank and there is a constant flow into and out of the reactor. This process was identified to be continuous because there is both a continuous input and output and it is steady state because the flow rates are defined with the same variable. The equation given by the problem is r = kVCa. It then asks, based what the output concentration would is based on differing k constant values, 0 and infinity. When k=0, no reaction occurs, then Ca, the concentration of A in the output, would be equal to the input concentration of A, Cao. It would also make sense that if k = infinity, a complete reaction would occur, and Ca would be zero. This problem then goes on to asks for a differential balance on A and then aks to use that balance to derive the equation Ca=Cao/(1+kV/v). This problem the goes on to ask to prove out previous statement. Through the use of limits, it is proven that our previous statements were in fact correct. 4.4: a. This solution was provided by the textbook. b. It was given in the problem that equimolar N2 and CH4 were present. The problem asked for an expression for the kg of N2 in terms of the total moles of the mixture. This can be simply calculated by 0.5 mol N2/mol total * 28 g N2/1 mol N2 * 1 kg/1000 g. This results in 0.014 kgN2 c. The given stream contains ethane, propane, and butane and to flow at 100.0 g/s. The problem then goes on to ask for an expression for the molar flow rate of ethane in terms of the mass fraction. This was calculated by 100 g/s * X of ethane * 1 lbm/454g * 1 mol ethane per 30 lbm ethane * 3600 sec/hr. This results in 26.45 times the mass fraction of ethane. d. A stream of humid air is composed of air and water with an air composed of 21 mol% O2 and 79 mol% N2. The problem then asks for the molar flow rate of O2 and the mole fractions of H2O and O2 in the gas in terms of some given variables, the molar flow rates of water and dry air. This is simply setting up equations and the following are

produced: the molar flow rate of O2 = the molar flow rate of air * 0.21. The mole fraction of H2O = the molar flow rate of water divided by the sum of the molar flow rates of air and water. The mole fraction of O2 = 0.21 * the molar flow rate of air divided by the sum of the molar flow rates. e. A product from a batch reactor is described by the proble,. It contains NO, NO2, and N2O4. The mole fraction of NO is given to be 0.400. The problem asks an expression for the gram-moles of N2O4 in terms of the total moles and the mole fraction of NO2. We simply set up an equation,the moles of N2O4 = the total moles * (0.600 the mole fraction of NO2). 4.10 A batch process was described where different amounts of different mole fractions of ethanol and water were mixed together to produce a new composition of ethanol and water. The first feed is given to be 300 gallons of 0.75 ethanol, 0.25 water (by mass) with a specific gravity of 0.952, implying a density of 0.952 kg/L. The second feed is given to be 0.40 ethanol, 0.60 water (by mass) with a specific gravity of 0.877, so a density of 0.877 kg/L. The product is 0.60 ethanol, 0.40 water (by mass). The problem contains 4 unknown variables m1, m2, m3, and V40; 2 mass balancesone for ethanol and another for water; and 2 specific gravities provided, 4-2-2=0 degrees of freedom. The next stem in the process is to solve for V40. First the 300 gallons is converted to mass: 300 gal * 3.785 L/gal * 0.877 kg/L = m1 = 995.8 kg. Substititing this result into the mass balance for ethanol and the overall mass balance, then substituting equations we develop this equation746.85 + 0.40m2 = 0.60 * (995.8 + m2). Solving for m2, m2=746.85 kg. These values are then enter these values into the general mass equation and solve for m3 which is calculated to be m3=1742.65. V40 is found by converting m2 to gallons: 746.85 kg * 1 L/0.952 kg * 1 gal/3.785 L = 207 gallons. 4.11 A dilution process is described where flammable 4.03 mol% C3H8 is reduced to 2.05 mol% C3H8 with pure air. This is done in order to prevent propane from igniting. There are 3 unknowns, the molar flow rates of the two feeds and of the product. There are also 3 mass balances, so 3-3=0 degrees of freedom. We are then given the molar flow rate of C3H8 (150 mol/s) and then asked to determine the minimum molar flow rate of the dilution air. The molar flow rate of C3H8 is constant, so the C3H8 flow rate of the first input feed and the output feed are the same. This also is 0.0205 * the molar flow rate of the output. The output flow rate is then found to be 7317.07 mol/s. using molar balance, n1 + n2 = n3 = 7317.07 mol/s, and n1 = the molar flow rate of C3H8 divided by the mole fraction of C3H8 in that feed, n2 = 7317.07 (150/0.0403) = 3595 mol air/second. The problem then asks whether the actual dilution air feed rate would be greater than, less than, or equal to the calculated value. The purpose of this dilution is to make sure this propane will not ignite. Therefore, we must add more then the calculated air in order to ensure that this propane will not ignite.