II
Rupa: Hi Hema, did you meet your classmate Hema: Long since I saw him.
yesterday?
classmate
(£æ…ß˝’ Ê£«´÷, E†o †’´¤y O’
†’ éπL-¨»¢√?)
Hema: I did. We met yesterday after nearly five
years. She looked a little older than she is.
(éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. Å®·üË∞¡x ûª®√yûª E†oØË ¢Ë’ç
éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç. ûª†’ ´ßª’Ææ’ éπØ√o °ü¿l-C™«
éπE-°œç-*çC.)
Rupa: Are you the same age?
(O’Jü¿lJC äÍé ´ßª’≤ƒ?)
Hema: No, I am slightly older than her (she).
But now she looks older than me (I).
(ØËØË éÌçîÁç °ü¿l. Å®·ûË É°æ¤púø’ ûªØË Ø√éπçõ‰
°ü¿lí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.) a) Åûª†’ Ø√éπçõ‰ §Òúø’í∫’ (Comparative):
Rupa: What is she?
(Ç¢Á’ ÖüÓuí∫ç à´’Ø√o îË≤Úhçü∆?)
Hema: She is a government officer.
Rupa: That's it. She looks older than you
because of her responsibilities.
(Officer )
(ÅD Ææçí∫A. Ç¢Á’ ¶«üµ¿u-ûª© ´©x í¬
Féπçõ‰ é¬Ææh °ü¿l-Cí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC)
Hema: I have responsibilities as well, as the
President of the local women's club.
women's club president
(≤ƒnEéπ í¬ Ø√èπÿ
¶«üµ¿u-ûª-©’-Ø√o®·.)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 176
He was junior to me...
Rupa: But your responsibilities are not as seri-
ous, are they?
(Å®·ûË F ¶«üµ¿uûª©’ Ç¢Á’ ¶«üµ¿u-ûª-©çûª Bv´-
¢Á’i-†N é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?)
Hema: I wish I were in such a position.
(ûª†’†o ÆœnA™ ؈’çõ‰ áçûª ¶«í∫’ç-úø’†’
ÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC)
Rupa: Why so?
Hema: A government officer's position is cer-
tainly superior to that of a home maker,
isn't it?
position govern-
(´÷´‚©’ í∫%£œ«ùÀ éπØ√o
ment officer position íÌ°æpC éπü∆.)
Rupa: But I prefer being a home maker to
being a job holder. A home maker is in
no way inferior to an officer.
(é¬E Ø√èπ◊ ´÷vûªç ÖüÓu-Tí¬ Öçúøôç éπçõ‰
í∫%£œ«-ùÀí¬ Öçúø-ô¢Ë’ É≠ædç. í∫%£œ«ùÀ officer
éπØ√o àç ûªèπ◊\´ é¬ü¿’.)
Hema: Let's not talk of superior and inferior any
more. Everyone is great in their own way.
(áèπ◊\´ ûªèπ◊\-´© í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«xúøôç
ÇÊ°ü∆lç. á´J íÌ°æp ¢√∞¡xüË.)
Rupa: Ramu is coming this evening.
(®√´· Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.)
Hema: Who? Your brother?
Rupa: Yes. He returned from the states a few
days ago. He is coming to stay with me
for a few days.
(States †’ç* È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV© éÀçü¿ô
AJ-íÌ-î√aúø’. È®çvúÓ-V©’ Ø√ûÓ Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ
´Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.)
Hema: I've often wondered is he older or
younger than you?
(Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’E N≠æߪ’ç– ®√´· Féπçõ‰ *Ø√o,
°ü∆l?)
Rupa: He is my elder. Doesn't he look so?
(Åûª†’ Ø√éπØ√o °ü¿l/ ´÷ ņo. Å™«
éπE-°œç-îªú≈?)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 26 -W-Ø˛ 2006
(îª÷Æœ î√™« ®ÓV©®·çC)
Rupa: Perhaps you saw him prior to his leaving
for the states.
states
(•£æ›¨¡ †’´y-ûªEo èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx-´·çü¿’
îª÷¨»-¢Ë¢Á÷?)
Hema: Yes.
È®çúø’, ´‚úø’ lessons ™ ´’†ç degrees of
comparison N´-®√©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç éπü∆. Ñ
lesson ™ ´’J-éÌEo N´-®√©’ îª÷ü∆lç.
éÌEo éÌEo ≤ƒ®Ω’x comparative, positive a) My sister likes my younger brother more than I.
´’J-éÌEo comparatives ÖØ√o®·. ¢√öÀ ûª®√yûª
degrees ™ I, we, he, she, they ¢√ú≈™«, me, sister
´÷ ûª´·t-úøçõ‰ ØËE-≠d-°æ æúË ü∆E-éπØ√o ´÷ than ®√ü¿’. to ´Ææ’hçC. Å™«çöÀ comparatives,
us, him, her, them ¢√ú≈™« ÅØË confusion áèπ◊\´ É≠æd-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC (´÷ ûª´·t-úøçõ‰ Ø√éπçõ‰ ´÷ Superior (íÌ°æp), Inferior (ûªèπ◊\´), Senior
´Ææ÷h Öçô’çC. Look at the following: sister èπ◊ áèπ◊\´ É≠ædç). (´ßª’Ææ’™, ņ’-¶µº-´ç™ °ü¿l), Junior (´ßª’-Ææ’™
b) My sister likes my younger more than me = ņ’-¶µº-´ç™ *†o), Prior (time ™ ´·çü¿’) Oô-
He is taller than I/ me (?) ´÷ sister èπ◊ Ø√éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ ´÷ ûª´·t-úøçõ‰ EoöÀ ûª®√yûª 'to' ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç. than ¢√úøç.
b) Ç¢Á’-éπçõ‰ Åûª†’ *†o = áèπ◊\´ É≠ædç. a) Imported cars are superior to Indian cars
He is younger than she/ her (?) c) He likes the mango more than she = ¶µ«®Ωûª 鬮Ωx éπØ√o NüËQ 鬮Ω’x ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’
c) clever
¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†-éπçõ‰ é¬ü¿’ = Éü¿l-JéÃmango Åçõ‰ É≠ædç. é¬F Ç¢Á’-éπçõ‰ Åûª-E-éÀ b) A Collector is inferior to a Chief Secretary
They aren't cleverer than us/ we (?) -á-èπ◊\´ É≠ædç. ´·êu 鬮Ωu-ü¿Jz éπØ√o Collector ûªèπ◊\´ (£æ«Ùü∆™)
d) d) He likes the mango more than her =
Ç¢Á’-éπçõ‰ Åûª†’ °ü¿l = c) He is senior to the others in the group
He is older than she/ her (?) Ç¢Á’-éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈, ´÷N’úÕ °æçúøç-õ‰ØË Åûª-E-éÀ≠dçæ . Ç •%çü¿ç™ Åûª†’ ´ßª’-Ææ’q™/ ņ’-¶µº-´ç™ °ü¿l.
In the sentences above, sentence *´-®Ωx™ 鬕öÀd É™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ é¬Ææh ñ«ví∫ûªh Å´-Ææ®Ωç. d) He was junior to me at College =
(a)
´’†-éÌîËa ÆæçüË-£æ…©’: ™ ¢√ú≈™«, me
I Positive™ èπÿú≈ ÅçûË.
College ™ Åûª†’ Ø√ éÀçCClass ™ ÖçúË-¢√úø’.
¢√ú≈™«, ™ ¢√ú≈™«, ¢√ú≈™«, (c) ™
(b) she her a) I don't like my brother as much as she =
e) Even prior to his marriage he knew the girl.
us ¢√ú≈™«, ¢√ú≈™«, ™ ¢√ú≈™«, her
we (d) she brother
Ç¢Á’ É≠æd-°æ-úøfçûªí¬ ؈’ ´÷ †’ É≠æd°æ-úø†’. (Åûª-EéÀ °R}éÀ °æ‹®Ωy¢Ë’ Ç Å´÷t®· ûÁ©’Ææ’)
¢√ú≈™« ÅE. b) I don't like my brother as much as I like her.
Correct í¬ Å®·ûË sentence Å®Ωnç v°æ鬮Ωç, Ñ N≠æ-ߪ÷™‰ conversation at the beginning of
´÷ brother éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ Ç¢Á’ Åçõ‰ØË Ø√éÀ≠dçæ . the lesson ™ èπÿú≈ Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
(a) taller than I, (b) ™ younger than she,
Positive Comparative Superlative a) I am slightly older than She/ her
(c) cleverer than we, and (d) ™ older than
Old Older Oldest b) A government officer's position is certainly
she ÅØË ®√¢√L.
Elder Eldest superior to that of a home maker.
c) A home maker is no way inferior to an official
d) He is my elder
äéπ N≠æߪ’ç: American English elder™
brother •ü¿’©’ older brother ûª®Ω-í¬
¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’.
EXERCISE
Pratibha: O’ Éü¿l-J™ á´®Ω’ §Òúø’-í∫ç-ö«´¤, †’¢√y
a) He is taller than I (am)
Old has two comparatives and ÅEû√?
=
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆:
Pratima: ÅÆæ-©-®·ûË ÅEûË §Òúø’í∫’ Ø√éπçõ‰. é¬F
(؈’ §Òúø’í¬_ Ö†o-ü∆-E- two superlatives
éπçõ‰ Åûª-†’†o §Òúø’-Èí-
èπ◊\´ ÅE Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC Old èπ◊ È®çúø-®√n©’ éπü∆? ´ßª’ÂÆèπ◊\-´-®·†/ ûª†’ Ø√ éπçõ‰ ™«´-´ôç ´©x ؈’
English ™.) Å™«Íí §ƒûªü¿®·†. 鬕öÀd Older, Oldest ´ßª’ÂÆèπ◊\´ ûª†éπçõ‰ §Òúø’í¬_ éπE-°œ≤ƒh.
Pratibha: ´’E-ü¿l-J™ á´®Ω’ §Òúø’-í∫ç-ö«´¤?
(b), (c), (d) ©™ èπÿú≈: ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ´’†’-≠æfl-©èπÿ, §ƒûª ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
Pratima: ÅüËç question? †’´¤y Ø√éπçõ‰ §Òúø’-í∫’-
b) He is younger than
´Ææ’h´¤©èπÿ ¢√úøû√ç.
she (is) 1) a) Janaki is older than Lalitha éπü∆!
M. SURESAN (Lalitha Pratibha: ÅEûª àüÓ Slimming machine
c) They aren't cleverer éπØ√o ñ«†éÀ °ü¿lC)
than we (are) b) Rama Rao is the oldest man in the village. é̆o-ô’xçC îª÷¨»¢√?
Pratima: îª÷¨»†’. é¬F Åü¿çûª ¶«í¬-™‰ü¿’. Ææ’Fûª
d) He is older than she (is)- É™« ´≤ƒh®·. (Ç ví¬´’ç™ ®√´÷-®√´¤ Åçü¿-J™ °ü¿l)
ü¿í∫_®Ω’†o machine ü∆E-éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’-ÈíjçC.
≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ brackets verbs (a)- am,
™ ÖçúË Â°j È®çúø’ ´’†’-≠æfl-©†’ í∫’Jç*)
Pratibha: †’´‹y Ææ’Fûª î√™« ÆæEo-£œ«ûªçí¬
(b)- is, (c)- are, (d)- is omit
†’ îËÆæ’hçö«ç. c) This house is older than yours =
Öçö«®Ω’. O’®Ω’ classmates ņ’-èπ◊çö«.
Å®·ûË spoken English ™ É™«çöÀ sentences F ÉçöÀ éπØ√o Ñ É©’x §ƒûªC Pratima: é¬ü¿’. ؈’ ü∆E-éπØ√o äéπ class áèπ◊\´.
™ comparative ™ than ûª®√yûª me, us, him, d) This is the oldest building in the town -
´ßª’-Ææ’q™ èπÿú≈ äéπ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç °ü¿l
her, them ¢√úøôç É°æ¤púø’ Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ω-ù-¢Á’i-§Ú- Ñ Ü®ÓxE buildings ÅEoç-öÀ™ ÉC §ƒûªC. ؈’.
®·çC. ÉC °ü¿l ûª°æ¤pí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’. (c), (d) ´Ææ’h´¤©†’ í∫’Jç* Pratibha: Å™«í¬. Å®·ûË Ñ Ü®Ω’ Féπçõ‰ ûª†èπ◊
´·êuçí¬, comparative ™ than ûª®√yûª both, 2. Old èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Comparative, Elder; ÉçéÓ ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’ ´’J.
all ™«çöÀN ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, we, they ©èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ Superlative eldest. OöÀ Å®Ωnç ´ßª’-Ææ’™ °ü¿l Pratima: ؈’ ®√éπ-´·çüË ûªE-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´*açC.
us, them áèπ◊\-´í¬ NE-°œ-Ææ’hç-ö«®·. ÅE ´÷vûª¢Ë’. Åçõ‰ È®çúø’ ´÷ô-©†÷, ´’†’-≠æfl-©èπ◊ ANSWER
a) He is cleverer than all of us/ all of them. (Å°æ¤-úø-°æ¤úø’ ïçûª’-´¤-©èπ◊) ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç. ÅC Pratibha: Who is the taller of you two? You or
b) He is cleverer than both of us/ both of them.
èπÿú≈ äéπ èπ◊ô’ç-¶«-EéÀ îÁçC† ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Anitha?
they, we
¢√úøû√ç.
É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx èπ◊ü¿-®Ω-ü¿’-í∫ü∆? Pratima: Actually she is taller than me (I), but
a) Sri Rama was the eldest of the sons of
Positive degree as I, we, he, because she is fatter than me, I look
™ èπÿú≈ ûª®√yûª, Dasaratha. ü¿¨¡-®Ω-ü∑¿’E éÌúø’èπ◊™x X ®√´·-úøç-ü¿-J™
she, they me, us, him, her, them- taller than her (she).
•ü¿’©’ É¢Ë Â°ü¿l –Same family ÅØËC îª÷úøçúÕ.
Pratibha: Who is the taller of us two?
áèπ◊\´ NE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. OöÀE á´®Ω÷ ûª°æ¤pí¬ b) Dharmaraja was the eldest of the Pandavas.
°æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’. Pratima: What question is that? You certainly
§ƒçúø-´¤-©ç-ü¿J™ üµ¿®Ωt-®√V °ü¿l are taller than me (I)
a) He is as tall as I am/ Elder ¢√úøéπç: Important: Elder ûª®√yûª than
Pratibha: Anita seems to have bought a slim-
He is as tall as me (both are correct) é¬F, to é¬F ¢√úøç. Comparative Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ
ming machine. Have you seen it?
b) She is as old as he/ éÀçC Nüµ¿çí¬ ¢√úøû√ç.
Pratima: Yes, I have. But it isn't that good.
She is as old as him. (both are correct) a) X®√-´·úø’ ©éπ~ t-ù’úÕ éπØ√o °ü¿l –
Sunita's machine is superior to it.
c) They are as clever as we/ they are as clever Sri Rama was Lakshmana's elder.
Pratibha: You and Sunitha are close. Were you
as us. (Elder than/ to Lakshmana é¬ü¿’) classmates at College.
(Ééπ\úø ´÷vûªç as clever as us éÌçûª Å®Ω’üË) b) My uncle is my mother's elder -
Pratima: No. I was senior to her by a year. I
Å®·ûË éÌEo éÌEo îÓôx than I/ we/ he/ she/ ´÷ ´÷´’ ´÷ Å´’t éπçõ‰ °ü¿l. am senior to her in age too by a year.
they èπ◊, than me/ us/ him/ her/ them èπÿ c) My brother is my elder by two years Pratibha: She knows this place better than you.
brother
Pratima: She came here prior to my coming
Å®√n©’ ûËú≈í¬ Öçö«®·. Å°æ¤púø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd ´÷ (ņo) Ø√ éπØ√o È®çúË∞¡Ÿx °ü¿l.
àC ¢√ú≈™ ûË©’a-éÓ-¢√L. ÉD elder ¢√úË Nüµ¿ç. here.
II
Sekhar: You are up so early. What's the mat-
ter?
(àçôçûª ûªy®Ωí¬ ™‰î√¢˛?)
(be up = ¢Ë’™\-´ôç/ ™‰´ôç)
Venkat: Yes, I am. Infact I got up earlier than
you by half an hour.
(Å´¤†’, ™‰î√†’. Féπçõ‰ Å®Ω-í∫çô ´·çü¿’
™‰î√-E-¢√∞¡)
Sekhar: But, why? (áçü¿’èπ◊?)
Venkat: Our lecturer is holding a special class
today. He insisted that everyone of us
turned up for the class.
(É¢√∞¡ ´÷ lecturer special class
°úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. v°æA äéπ\®Ω÷ ûª°æpéπ ®√¢√-©E
í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ§ƒpúø’.)
Insist = ÉEqÆˇd – 'Eq— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç =
°æô’d-•-ôdúøç/ ã N≠æߪ’ç™ í∫öÀdí¬ Öçúøôç
Sekhar: I don't know about you. But I am fedup
with these extra classes.
(F Ææçí∫A Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-ü¿’-í¬F, Ø√èπ◊
´÷vûªç Ñ extra classes Åçõ‰ NÆæ’í∫’
°æ¤úø’ûÓçC.)
be fed up = NÆæ’-í∫-E-°œç-îªôç
Venkat: Why so?
Sekhar: They rob us of our leisure.
(ÅN ´’†èπ◊ BJé𠙉èπ◊çú≈ îË≤ƒh®·.)
Venkat: I am not with you there. They are use-
ful. I like them.
(؈’ Ç N≠æߪ’ç ÅçU-éπ-Jç-’. ÅN î√™«
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. Ø√éÀ≠dçæ .)
Sekhar: Not me, any way. Why don't these lec-
turers leave us alone?
(àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Ø√èπ◊ ´÷vûªç É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’. ´’†
´÷Ø√† ´’†Lo äü¿-™Ô-aí¬.)
Venkat: Who is forcing you? I find our lecturer's
classes interesting. Infact everyone
does. They feel the classes worth
attending.
(EØÁo-´®Ω’ •©-´ç-ûª-°-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’? ´÷ lec- 1) Phrasal verbs ™ Ö†o verb, ü∆E ûª®√y-ûª
turer classes Ø√èπ◊ î√™« ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬
Öçö«®·. Ø√Íé-é¬ü¿’, ´÷ é¬xÆˇ™ Åçü¿-JéÃ
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç ÅE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.)
Sekhar: When you attend special classes like
this, you are left with little time to study.
(É™« †’´¤y special classes èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡⁄hçõ‰
Fèπ◊ îªü¿’-´¤-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ time N’í∫-©ü¿’)
Venkat: You talk as though you didn't waste
time at all.
(†’¢Ëy-üÓ time waste îËߪ’-†ô’x ´÷ö«x-úø-
û√-¢ËçöÀ?)
Sekhar: Don't talk as if you were a sincere stu-
dent.
(†’¢ËyüÓ •’Cl¥í¬ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊ØË Nü∆u-Jn™«
´÷ö«x-úøèπ◊.)
Venkat: Far from that. All I wish to say is we
lose nothing if we attend extra classes.
(Å™« ÅE ØËØËç ņ-ôç-™‰ü¿’. ؈’
îÁÊ°p-ü¿™«x extra classes èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xôç ´©x
´’†ç §ÚíÌ-ô’d-éÌ-ØË-üËç-™‰-ü¿E.)
Sekhar: OK. OK. Have a good time in your
class. Do by all means attend all class-
es and get good marks. I shall be
happy.
(ÆæÍ®. ÆæÍ®. ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ¢ÁR}®√ class èπ◊.
ÅEo classes èπÿ îªéπ\í¬ ¢ÁRx ´’ç*
´÷®Ω’\©’ ûÁaéÓ. ؈’ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ≤ƒh.)
Venkat: Don't be cross with me, buddy, I just
like to attend the class, and you don't.
That's all.
(éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊ N’vûª´÷; Ø√Íé¢Á÷ class èπ◊
¢Á∞¡xôç É≠ædç, FéÀ≠dçæ ™‰ü¿’. ÅçûË.)
(buddy = friend)
Sekhar: OK.
Venkat: I am off (ØË ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o), Bye.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Clause Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆– a group of words
with a verb. (verb Ö†o ´÷ô© Ææ´‚£æ«ç).
DEo í∫’Jç* Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ´’†ç î√™« ûÁ©’-Ææ’-
èπ◊Ø√oç. É°æ¤púø’ verb ™‰E group of words
í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
A group of words without a verb is a
PHRASE.
Ñ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ´’†ç í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq†
N≠æ-ߪ÷©’: Ñ éÀçCN verbs 鬴¤.
i) Infinitive (to + 1st RDW - to go, to come, to
sing, to walk, etc)
ii) '-ing form' (walking, singing, going, coming,
etc.) (- ing form ´·çü¿’ 'be' form be
Öçõ‰,
form + ing form éπLÆœ verb am
Å´¤-ûª’çC.
coming, was going, will be dancing, etc.)
iii) past participle (done, sung, seen, etc.) ÉN-
èπÿú≈ verbs 鬴¤. Å®·ûË be form + past par-
ticiple combination, verb (passive voice) Å´¤-
have/ has/ had/ will have/ shall
ûª’çC. Å™«Íí
have + past participle verb
èπÿú≈ Å´¤-ûª’çC.
English ™ î√™« phrasal verbs, verbs ûª®√yûª
prepositions îË®Ωaôç ´©x à®Ωp-úø-û√®·: sit on a
chair, get into a bus; put on shirt, put off an
event, etc.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 177
I am not with you there
É™«çöÀ phrasal verbs
È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩’:
preposition ´÷®Ω-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËN. (sit on a chair,
jump over the wall etc.)
2) verb + preposition ´©x à®Ωp-úÕ† phrasal verb
Å®√n-EéÃ, Åçü¿’™E verb, preposition Å®√n-EéÃ
áéπ\ú≈ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËN.
eg: He put off his trip.
(-Å-ûª-úø’ ûª† v°æߪ÷-ù«Eo ¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.)
Ééπ\úÕ phrasal verb - put off. îª÷úøçúÕ. put Å®√n-
EéÃ, off Å®√n-EéÃ, ¢√öÀE éπL°œ put off ÅE ¢√úÕ-†-
°æ¤púø’ ü∆E Å®√n-EéÀ (¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ëߪ’ôç) áéπ\ú≈
Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’. É™«çöÀ phrasal verbs Å®√n-©’
practice
´©x, Åçõ‰ ¶µ«≠æûÓ ¶«í¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç
°ç-éÓ-´ôç ´©xØË ûÁ©’-≤ƒh®·. ÅN ´’†ç
spoken English ™ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ¶µ«≠æ î√™«
Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçô’çC. ¢√öÀ™ éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç.
Now look at the following expressions
from the conversation at the beginning of
the lesson.
1) I got up earlier than you
2) You are up so early
3) I am fed up with these extra classes
4) They rob us of our leisure
5) I am not with you
6) Why don't these lecturers leave us alone?
7) You are left with little time
8) I am off
The word groups underlined are all
phrasal verbs:
1) I got up earlier than you =
Féπçõ‰ ؈’ ´·çü¿’
get up
™‰î√†’. î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ Evü¿-™‰-´ôç ÅØË
Å®Ωnç™ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. get up ¢Ë’™\-´ôç -Å-ØË
wake up
Å®ΩnçûÓ, éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç.
When do you wake up everyday éπçõ‰, When
do you get up everyday áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç.
5) I am not with you there =
Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ؈’ FûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-’.
ÉC î√™« simple and useful expression.
be with some one = äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œp-†-ü∆-EûÓ
àéöµºNç-îªôç/ äéπJo Ææ´’-Jnç-îªôç. (äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpçC
Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç èπÿú≈)
a) I am with the government in ending child
marriages = ¶«©u N¢√-£æ…-©-†’ ÅJéπõ‰d
N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ؈’ v°æ¶µº’-û√yEo Ææ´’-Jn-≤ƒh†’.
b) He is totally with his friend on that issue =
Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Åûª†’ °æ‹Jhí¬ ÅûªE
ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’úÕûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-N-≤ƒhúø’.
c) He is with her upto the point of marrying
her, but not without his parents consent
Ç¢Á’†’ °Rx-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ’ç-´-®Ωèπ◊ ä°æ¤p-éÌç-ô’-
Ø√oúø’ é¬E, ÅûªE ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’© Ææ´’tA ™‰èπ◊çú≈
´÷vûªç é¬ü¿’.
6) Why don't these lecturers leave us alone?
Leave alone ÅØËC English conversation ™
ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ NE-°œçîË ´÷ô. Å®Ωnç = ´C-™‰-ߪ’ôç,
disturb îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç, á´J ´÷Ø√† ¢√∞¡x†’
´C-™‰-ߪ’ôç ÅE.
a) Please leave me
alone. I am study-
ing. = †ØÌo-C-™„ß˝’.
؈’ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.
(Don't disturb me.)
b) Leave movies
alone. Get going
with your studies M. SURESAN
ÆœE´÷© N≠æߪ’ç
´C-™‰ß˝’ (á°æ¤púø÷ ÅüËØ√?) îªü¿’´¤ Ææçí∫A
îª÷Ææ’éÓ.
c) Leave alone which party is good.
Let's talk of something else - à §ƒKd
´’ç*-ü¿ØË N≠æߪ’ç ´C-™„ß˝’. ÉçÍé N≠æ-ߪ’-¢Á’iØ√
´÷ö«x-úøü∆ç.
7) be left with/ leave with: N’í∫-©ôç (time,
money, food, etc. ™«çöÀN)
a) There is a little milk left in the glass = glass
™ é¬Ææh §ƒ©’ N’T-™«®·.
b) His work at office leaves him (with) little
time for his family
ÅûªE office °æE èπ◊ô’ç-•çûÓ í∫úø-°æ-ö«-EéÀ é¬Ææh
time èπÿú≈ N’í∫-©aü¿’.
c) Hurry up. We are left with just an hour to
finish this whole work =
ûªy®Ωí¬ é¬F. ¢Á·ûªhç-
°æE °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ äéπ í∫çô ´÷vûª¢Ë’
N’T-LçC.
d) That leaves you with the only option of
going = ¢Á∞Ï} äÍé E®Ωg-ߪ’¢Ë’ Fèπ◊ N’T-LçC.
8) I am off = ؈’ ¢ÁR}§Ú-ûª’Ø√o.
Phrase= to be off.
´’†ç ¢Á∞¡xôç éπ*a-ûª-¢Á’i†°æ¤púø’, Éçéπ ¢Á∞¡x-¶-ûª’-†o-
°æ¤púø’ Åçô’çö«ç. I am off. ؈’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-
ߪ÷†’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.
É´Fo conversation ™ daily life ™ ûª®Ωîª÷
NE-°œçîË expressions. ÉN ¶«í¬ practice îËÆœ
O©-®·-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x ¢√úøçúÕ. ÉN î√™« simple
expressions. éπ≠dç æ é¬èπÿ-úøü¿’. It shouldn't be
difficult.
-•’-üµ¿-¢√®Ωç 28 -W-Ø˛ 2006
There are some other expressions in the
conversation between Sekhar and Venkat.
They are not phrasal verbs, but useful
expressions. Learn them as well.
1) Insist = °æô’d-•-ôdúøç – Know how to use it.
Insist ûª®√yûª on ´ÊÆh, ü∆E ûª®√yûª noun é¬F
'...ing' form é¬F ´Ææ’hçC.
a) The teacher insists on silence in the class
é¬xÆæ’™ E¨¡z•lç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ teacher °æô’d-ü¿©í¬
ÖØ√oúø’. (Insist + on + silence (n)
b) I insist on starting immediately
¢ÁçôØË •ßª’-©’-üË-®√-©ØËüË Ø√ °æô’d-ü¿©
(Insist + on + starting (ing form)
Insist ¢√úø-ôç™ °j È®çúø÷ (Nouns/ ...ing)
form é¬éπ-§ÚûË, that clause ¢√úÌa.
c) The teacher insists that the students
remain silent. Students silent í¬ Öçú≈-©E
Çߪ’† °æô’d-ü¿©. (... that the students remain
silent - that clause éπü∆?)
d) He insists that we follow his orders.
He insists on our following his orders. ÅûªE
Çïc©’ ´’†ç §ƒöÀç-î√-©E °æô’d-•-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
(He insists + that clause = He insists on +
ing form í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ)
2) As though/ as if =
DE Å®Ωnç, Å®·-†ô’x, é¬F é¬ü¿’.
You talk as if you didn't waste time at all =
†’¢ËyüÓ ÅÆæ©’ time waste îËߪ’-†õ‰x ´÷ö«x-úø-û√-
¢ËçöÀ? (†’´¤y time waste îË≤ƒh´¤)
Ééπ\úø 'as if' clause ™verb í∫´’-EçîªçúÕ. – did
waste (didn't waste) - past tense éπü∆. ÅD
important. ÉC-°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω-í∫-ôç-™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd, past
tense ´Ææ’hçC. singular subject ûÓ èπÿú≈ were
´Ææ’hçC.
a) He feels as if I were responsible for his
troubles - ÅûªE éπ≥ƒd-©èπ◊ ØËØËüÓ é¬®Ω-ù-¢Á’i-†ô’x
(é¬F é¬ü¿’) ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.
b) He behaves as though he could not get on
without servants
servants
™‰éπ-§ÚûË •ûª-éπ-™‰-†-†oô’x v°æ´-Jh-≤ƒhúø’.
c) She talks as though she were born rich =
°æ¤ôd-úø¢Ë’ üµ¿E-èπ◊-®√-Lí¬ °æ¤öÀd-†ô’x ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’çC.
3) Far from it: ÉC èπÿú≈ î√™« common expres-
sion. DE Å®Ωnç, ÉçéÌ-éπ®Ω’ îÁÊ°pC correct é¬ü¿E.
Pranav: Is he a good player?
(
-Å-ûªúø’ ´’ç* -Ç-ôí¬-ú≈?)
Prabhat: Far from it.
(é¬ØË é¬ü¿’)
(Åçõ‰ äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°æ¤h-†oC, é¬ØË é¬ü¿’ ņ-ö«-EéÀ far
from it Åçö«ç.
'Is Vijayawada a cool place?
(Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø xöÀ v°æüË-¨¡´÷?)
far from it. (é¬ØË é¬ü¿’)
Ñ expressions ¶«í¬ practice îËÆœ O’ con-
versation ™ ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úøçúÕ. î√™« simple í¬
effective í¬ Öçô’çC.
II
Navya: I'm afraid I can't stay here any longer.
(ØËEçéπ Ééπ\úø Öçúø-™‰-†-E-°œ-≤ÚhçC.)
Divya: Why? What happened?
(áçü¿’èπ◊? à¢Á’içC?)
Navya: The food here doesn't agree with me.
(Ééπ\úÕ Ç£æ…®Ωç Ø√èπ◊ ÆæJ-°æ-úøôç ™‰ü¿’)
Divya: Anything again?
(´’S} à´’Ø√o Å®·uçü∆?)
Navya: Yea. Last night as I reached our rooms,
I threw up all the food I had eaten. The
food in the restaurant upset me.
(Å´¤†’. E†o-®√vA ´’† room èπ◊ AJT ®√í¬ØË,
Ç restaurant ™ A†oü¿çû√ ¢√çûª-®·-§Ú-
®·çC. Åéπ\úÕ AçúÕ Ø√èπ◊ éπúø’°æ¤ AÊ°p-ÆœçC)
Divya: So you want to pack up
(鬕öÀd ¢ÁR}-§Ú-û√-†ç-ö«¢√?)
Navya: Yes. I can't get on any more with this
kind of food. I am afraid of permanent
damage to my health.
(Å´¤†’. É™«çöÀ food ûÓ Øˆ’ í∫úø-°æôç
éπ≠dçæ . Ø√ Ç®Óí∫uç ¨»¨¡y-ûªçí¬ üÁ•s-Aç-ô’ç-
üË-¢Á÷-†E ¶µºßª’çí¬ ÖçC.)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 178
The food here doesn't agree with me
Divya: Does it mean you want to give up your
job, just because the food here is not to
your liking? Come now, Navya, you
can't be so silly as to throw a good job
up as yours and go away.
(Ééπ\úÕ AçúÕ ÆæJ-°æ-úø-†çûª ´÷vû√† ´’ç*
ÖüÓuí∫ç ´C-™‰Æœ ¢ÁR}-§Ú-û√-†ç-ö«¢√? Fèπ◊†o
Åçûª-´’ç* ÖüÓuí∫ç ´C-™‰Æœ ¢ÁR}-§Ú-ßË’çûª
ûÁL-N-ûª-èπ◊\´ °æ-E-îË-ߪ’èπ◊)
Navya: There's no use your keeping as telling
me to adjust with the food here. I've had
enough of it. I have to go.
(Ééπ\úÕ AçúÕûÓ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊§Ú ÅE †’´¤y ´÷öÀ-
´÷-öÀéà ņôç ´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ™‰ü¿’. Ééπ
î√©’. ØË¢Á-Rx-§Ú-¢√-LqçüË)
Divya: I still don't understand why you wish to leave.
(†’´¤y ¢ÁR}-§Ú-¢√-©E áçü¿’éπ-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o¢Ó
Éçé¬ Ø√éπ®Ωnç 鬴-ôç-™‰ü¿’)
Navya: If only you went through, what I have
been through, you wouldn't be here for
a minute, job or no job.
(Ø√ ņ’-¶µº-´¢Ë’ Fèπ◊çõ‰ †’¢Ìy-éπ\-éπ~ùç èπÿú≈
Ééπ\úø Öçúø´¤)
Divya: So you have made up your mind to
leave.
(Å®·ûË ¢Á∞¡}-ú≈EÍé E¨¡a-®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√o-´-†o-
´÷ô)
Navya: That's it. (ÅçûË)
Divya: You can cook for yourself and avoid eat-
ing out.
(†’´¤y ´çúø’-éÓ-´-a-éπü∆. Å°æ¤púø’ •ßª’ô
A†ôç ´÷ØË-ßÁ·îª’a)
Navya: That's impossible for me. (Ø√ ´©x é¬ü¿’)
Divya: Ok
´’†ç phrasal verbs í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç
éπü∆. É°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç. í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆ Ñ
Phrasal verbs Å®Ωnç, ¢√úøéπç practice ´™«x, îªü¿-
´ôç ´™«x ´Ææ’hçC. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ àüÁjØ√ ´’ç* dic-
tionary ™ àüÁjØ√ ´÷ôèπ◊/ ´·êuçí¬ verb èπ◊
Å®Ωnç îª÷Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’ ü∆E-éÀçü¿ Ç verb, ü∆E ûª®√yûª
´îËa preposition èπ◊ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Now look at the following phrasal verbs in
the conversation between Divya and Navya.
1) The food here doesn't agree with me.
2) I threw up all the food I had eaten.
3) So you want to pack up.
4) I can't get on any more.
5) Does it mean you want to give up your job?
6) You can't be so silly as to throw a good job up ...
7) There's no use keep on telling me.
8) If only you went through what I have been
through.
9) You have made up your mind.
°j† underline îËÆœ† ´Fo phrasal verbs. Let's
now know their meanings and uses.
1) The food here doesn't agree with me.
The phrasal verb here is agree with. we
know the usual meaning of 'agree with'.
D†®Ωnç, äéπJûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îªôç/ ÅçU-éπ-Jç-îªôç.
(The father doesn't agree with his son on the
type of house they want to buy - ᙫçöÀ É©’x
éÌØ√©ØË N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ àé¬-Gµ-v§ƒßª’ç ™‰ü¿’)
Å®·ûË, Ééπ\úÕ expression: The food doesn't
agree with me - Ééπ\úø agree with èπ◊ Å®Ωnç 'ÆæJ-
°æ-úøôç ™‰ü¿’— (does not suit) ÅE.
a) The climate here doesn't agree with me -
Ééπ\úÕ ¢√û√-´-®Ωùç Ø√èπ◊ °æúø-ôç-™‰ü¿’.
b) Hot stuff doesn't agree with her
áèπ◊\´ 鬮Ω°æ¤ ´Ææ’h-
´¤©’ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ °æúø´¤.
°j expressions ÅEoç-
öÀ™ not agree with
®√´ôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
°æúøü¿’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓØË ÉN
áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç.
2) I threw up all the M. SURESAN
food I had eaten =
A†o-ü¿çû√ ¢√çA îËÆæ’-èπ◊Ø√o.
Ééπ\úÕ phrasal verb: throw up = ¢√çA îËÆæ’-éÓ-
´ôç = vomit. Å®·ûË vomit éπØ√o throw up
ÅØËC better, vomit é¬Ææh §ƒçúÕûªuç. throw up
ÅØËC ¢√u´-£æ…-Jéπç. Spoken English ™ throw
up ÅØËüË ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’.
a) She was sick after eating the cake. she
threw up = cake A†-í¬ØË Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ¢Áí∫ô’
°æ¤öÀdçC. ¢ÁçôØË ¢√çA îËÆæ’-èπ◊çC.
(sick = 'ï•’s— ÅE ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç. Sick Åçõ‰
¢Áí∫ô’/ ¢√çA éπLÍí feeling ÅE èπÿú≈ î√™«
ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç)
b) The child is throwing up the milk=
§ƒ©†’ éπÍé\-≤ÚhçC.
3) So you want to pack up = Ééπ\úÕ phrasal
verb, to pack up. D†®Ωnç v°æߪ÷-ù«-EéÀ/ ¢ÁR}§Ú´-
ö«-EéÀ Æœü¿l¥-°æ-úøôç. (°õ‰d ¶‰ú≈ Ææ®Ω’l-éÓ-´ôç)
a) He has packed up =
¢ÁR}-§Ú-ßË’ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l¥çí¬ ÖØ√oúø’.
b) When are you packing up? =
†’´¤y á°æ¤p-úÁ-∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o´¤?
c) We are waiting for him to pack up =
Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«hú≈ ÅE îª÷Ææ’hØ√oç.
4) I can't get on any more =
phrasal verb- to get on = ≤ƒT-§Ú-´ôç/ é̆-≤ƒ-
í∫ôç/ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§Ú-´ôç/ ïJ-T-§Ú-´ôç – É™«çöÀ Å®√n-
©ûÓ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd 'get on' ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç.
I can't get on any more =
Éçéπ É™« é̆-≤ƒ-í∫-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o.
a) Pranav: How is your new job?
(F éÌûªh ÖüÓuí∫ç ᙫ ÖçC?)
Prakash: (I'm) getting on well. No prob-
lem. (¶«í¬ØË ÖçC, Ææ´’-Ææu™‰ç ™‰´¤/
ÖüÓuí∫ç ¶«í¬ØË îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’Ø√o.)
b) Sudheer: How are you, Sumant? Long
time since we met.
(ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤? éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E î√™«
®ÓV-©-®·çC)
Sumant: Just getting on
(àüÓ Å™« ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC.)
c) Stop talking and get on with the work.
´÷ô-™«°œ °æE é̆≤ƒ-Tç-îªçúÕ.
5) Does it mean you want to give up your job.
Phrasal verb - give up = ´÷ØË-ߪ’ôç,
´C-™‰-ߪ’ôç, ´ü¿’-©’-éÓ-´ôç, ÇÊ°-ߪ’ôç.
a) She wants to give up her job and start
business =
ÖüÓuí∫ç ´C-™‰Æœ ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç îËߪ÷-©-†’-éÌç-öçC.
b) He hasn't given up smoking in spite of his
doctor's advice =
Doctor ´ü¿l-†o-°æp-öÀéà Åûª†’ smoking ´÷†-™‰ü¿’.
c) He gave up his rights to the property =
ÇÆœh°j ûª† £æ«èπ◊\©’ ´ü¿’-©’-éÌ-Ø√oúø’.
d) He gave up his attempts =
v°æߪ’-û√o©’ ÇÊ°-¨»úø’.
6) You want to throw a good job up – Ééπ\úø
phrasal verb - throw a job up = job ´ü¿’-©’-
éÓ-´ôç. (Éçü∆éπ throw up Åçõ‰ ¢√çA îËÆæ’-
éÓ-´ôç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆. ÖüÓuí∫ç/
Å´-鬨¡ç ™«çöÀN ´ü¿’-©’-éÓ-´ôç èπÿú≈ throw up.)
a) Who will throw up such a good job? =
Åçûª ´’ç* ÖüÓuí∫ç á´®Ω’ ´÷†’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’?/
´ü¿’-©’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’?
b) He threw up a good job and a good family
Naresh: á´®Ω’?
and took to drinking. =
´’ç* ÖüÓuí∫ç, Ææç≤ƒ®Ωç ÅFo ´ü¿’-©’-èπ◊E Mahesh: AçúÕ
û√í∫’úø’ ¢Á·ü¿-©’-°-ö«dúø’.
7) There's no use keeping on telling me to
Naresh: ´’†ç ¶«í¬ØË Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§Ú-í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’Ø√oç éπü∆?
adjust with the food =
üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’†o AçúÕûÓ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§Ò-´’tE îÁ•’ûª÷ Mahesh: ´©x
Öçúøôç ´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ™‰ü¿’.
Naresh: ÅüËçö Ç é¬°∂‘ Å™« û√í∫’-ûª÷ØË Öçö«úø’.
Keep on doing something =
ÅC ÇÊ°-ü∆é¬, ÅûªE °æJ-Æœn-AçûË.
äéπ °æE-E ÅüË-°æ-Eí¬ îËÆæ÷h Öçúøôç.
a) He keeps on smoking though his health is bad =
Ç®Óí∫uç ¶«í¬-™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√, smoke îËÆæ÷hØË Öçö«úø’.
b) Though the teacher punished him, he
keeps on talking =
Teacher ¢√úÕE PéÀ~ç-*Ø√, ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª÷ØË
Öçö«úø’.
Å®·ûË present day English ™ keep ûª®√yûª
on Åçûªí¬ ¢√úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’. He keeps on talking
(= He continues to talk) = He keeps talking.
c) Don't keep asking me silly questions =
°œ*a °œ*a v°æ¨¡o©’ Åúø’-í∫’ûª÷ Öçúøèπ◊
8) If only you went through, what I have
been through. D†®Ωnç, ؈-†’-¶µº-Nç-*† éπ≥ƒd©’,
phrasal verbs, 1) to
†’´y-†’-¶µº-NÊÆh ÅE. Ééπ\úø,
go through, 2) to be through.
-¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 30 -W-Ø˛ 2006
a) Pratap: I had a lot of difficulty getting the
MRO's certificate.
(MRO ü¿í∫_®Ω certificate ûÁa-éÓ-´ôç
Ø√èπ◊ î√™« éπ≠d-´æ ’-®·çC.)
Pramod: I have been through all that/ I
have gone through all that =
؈-´Fo ņ’-¶µº-Nç-î√†’.
I know how difficult it is =
ÅC áçûª éπ≠d¢æ Á÷ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’.
b) He is going through a difficult period in his
life =
Åûª†’ î√™« éπ≠dæ Æ洒ߪ’ç ņ’-¶µº-N-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.
c) I don't want my son to go through the diffi-
cult I have gone through =
؈-†’-¶µº-Nç-*† éπ≥ƒd©’ ´÷ Ŷ«s®· ņ’-¶µº-Nç-
îªôç Ø√éÀ-≠dçæ -™‰ü¿’.
Å®·ûË go through Åçõ‰ îªü¿-´ôç ÅE èπÿú≈
ÖçC.
a) Did you go through the paper today?
É¢√Rd paper îªC-¢√¢√?
b) The CM has to go through the committee's
report.
éπN’-öà report CM Éçé¬ îªü¿-¢√Lq ÖçC.
9) You have made up your mind.
†’´¤y E®Ωg-®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√o´¤. Ééπ\úø verb - make
up ones mind - E®Ωg-®·ç--éÓ-´ôç
a) Please make up your mind whether to go
or not = ¢Á∞«}™ ´üÓl E®Ωg-®·ç--éÓçúÕ.
b) I have made up my mind to buy that car =
car
Ç éÌØËç-ü¿’Íé E®Ωg-®·ç--èπ◊Ø√o.
éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ É*a† phrasal verbs, Ñ les-
son ™ É*a† phrasal verbs, spoken English
™ î√™« common í¬ NE-°œç-îË¢Ë. OöÀE ¶«í¬
practice îËߪ’çúÕ. Åçü¿’-´©x *†o-*†o sen-
tences ûÓ O’ conversation Åçü¿çí¬, Å®Ωn-
´ç-ûªçí¬ Öçô’çC.
EXERCISE
Practise the following aloud in English.
Mahesh:
؈’ wash basin ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞Ï}-Ææ-JéÀ, §ƒ°æç
Åûª†’ ¢√çA îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.
ÉçÈé-´®Ω’, Ramesh. E†oöÀ †’ç* Ø√éÃ
-°æ-úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’ ÅE complain îËÆæ÷hØË
ÖØ√o- úø’-í∫ü∆?
Åûª†’ áèπ◊\´ coffee û√í∫’-û√úø’. Åçü¿’-
éÌçîÁç áèπ◊\´ AØ√o ¢Áí∫-ô-E-°œ-Ææ’hçC.
ANSWER
Mahesh: When I went to the wash basin the
poor fellow (§ƒ°æç Åûª†’ ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ)
was throwing up.
Naresh: Who?
Mahesh: Who else? Ramesh. He has been
complaining since yesterday that this
food doesn't agree with him.
Naresh: But we are able to get on with the
food.
Mahesh: He takes too much of coffee. That's
why even if he eats a little too much,
he feels sick.
Naresh: He keeps as drinking coffee. Until he
gives it up, his condition will be like
this.
II
Sharath: Hi Vasanth, I look forward to the study
tour we are going on, this weekend.
(Ñ¢√®Ωç *´®Ω ´’†ç ¢Á∞¡x-¶-ûª’†o study
tour
á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤pú≈ ÅE áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’hØ√o.)
Vasanth: So do I, but am a bit worried about
mother. She has taken ill suddenly.
Dad is away on camp and will be
back only this weekend.
(Ø√èπÿ Ææ®Ω-ü∆-í¬ØË ÖçC. é¬E ´÷ Å´’tèπ◊
Ö†o-ô’dçúÕ ï•’s îËÆœçC. ´÷ Ø√†o camp
†’ç* ¢√®√ç-ûª¢Ë’ AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh®Ω’)
Sharath: So you are worried who will look after
her if we start before your father
comes, aren't you?
(´’†ç O’ father ®√´-ú≈-EéÀ ´·çüË •ßª’-
©’-üË-JûË O’ Å´’t†’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËçü¿’èπ◊
á´®Ω÷ Öçúø-®ΩE éπü∆ F ¶«üµ¿?)
Vasanth: Exactly. But I've called my elder sister
and told her of the situation. I told her
to come here two days before our
departure.
(Å´¤†’. ´÷ Åéπ\èπ◊ Phone îËÆœ îÁ§ƒp†’.
´’†ç •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-ö«-EéÀ È®çúø’ ®ÓV©’
´·çü¿’-®Ω-´’tE.)
Sharath: That's a good idea. (¶«í¬ØË ÖçC)
Vasanth: I called dad and he came up with the
idea.
(´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊ ؈’
*açD idea)
phone
Sharath: I am happy you are making it, after
all. I was afraid you might not come.
îËÊÆh Çߪ’-†-éÌ-
(§ÚF™‰, àüË-¢Á’iØ√ †’¢Ìy-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤ ÆæçûÓ≠æç.
†’´¤y ®√¢Ë-¢Á÷-†E ¶«üµ¿-°æú≈f)
Vasanth: I am coming, of course. But the trou-
ble is my sister's son. He goes to
school. He can be a handful.
(؈’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√oØËx. Å®·ûË ´÷ Åéπ\ éÌúø’Íé
Ææ´’Ææu. ¢√úø’ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’. éÌçîÁç
Å©x-È®-èπ◊\´.)
Sharath: I've seen him. He takes after your sis-
ter, doesn't he?
(؈’ ¢√úÕo îª÷¨»ØËx. Åîªaç O’ Åéπ\ §ÚLÍé
éπü∆?)
Vasanth: Only in features. In traits he takes
after his dad. Quite mischievous.
(Ç鬮Ωç, ®Ω÷°æ¤ Í®ê-™xØË. ©éπ~-ù«-©Fo ¢√∞¡x
Ø√†o¢Ë. Å©x-È®-èπ◊\´.)
features = ´·ê éπ´-R-éπ©’, ®Ω÷°æ¤ ͮ꩒.
traits = ©éπ~-ù«©’, í∫’ù«©’
Sharath: By the way, you know, Vinod showed
up suddenly yesterday. He is prepar-
ing for the civils exam this year. He
has been in Hyderabad for six months
now.
(ņoô’x E†o Ö†o-ô’xçúÕ Vinod éπE-°œç-
î√úø’. ¢√úø’ civils èπ◊ prepare Å´¤-ûª’-
Ø√oúø’. Ç®Ω’-ØÁ-©-©’í¬ Hyderabad ™ØË
ÖØ√oúø’)
Vasanth: Yea. I know. I met him when I went to
Hyderabad. He put up at his uncle's
for a few days. He said he would be
taking rooms, and moving into them.)
(Å´¤†’. Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ؈’ £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛èπ◊
¢ÁRx-†-°æ¤púø’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. Åûª-†-°æ¤púø’ éÌEo-
®Ó-V©’ ¢√∞¡x ´÷´’ߪ’u Éçöx ÖØ√oúø’.
ûªy®Ω™ rooms îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊E ´÷®Ω-û√-†-Ø√oúø’)
Sharath: So he did. My cousin and he are room
mates.
(Å´¤†’ ´÷ cousin, Åûª†’ room
mates.)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
In this lesson too, we continue our study
of phrasal verbs. We have in the last two
lessons seen some of them commonly
used in conversation. Let us now look at
some more of them.
Now look at the following expressions at
the beginning of the lesson between
Sharath and Vasanth.
1) I look forward to the study tour.
2) She has taken ill suddenly.
3) ... who will look after her if we ...
4) I called dad and he came up with the idea.
5) I am happy you are making it after all.
6) He can be a handful.
7 a) He takes after your sister, doesn't he?
b) In traits he takes after his dad.
8) Vinod showed up suddenly yesterday.
9) He put up at his uncle's place.
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 179
He can be a handful
1) I look forward to the
study tour.
Look forward to=
ÆæçûÓ-≠æçûÓ/ Çûª%-ûªûÓ
áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-úøôç. Look
forward to ûª®√yûª
noun é¬F, ...ing form
M. SURESAN
é¬F ´Ææ’hçC.
a) He is looking forward to the match=
Åûª†’ match á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤pú≈ ÅE áü¿’-®Ω’-
îª÷-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. Match - noun.
b) He is looking forward to participating in the
match.
Match ™ á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤púø’ §ƒ™Ô_ç-ü∆´÷ ÅE
áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. Participating- 'ing' form.
(Look forward to ûª®√yûª 1st RDW ®√ü¿’. He
is looking forward to meet you – ûª°æ¤p)
2) She has taken ill suddenly.
To take ill= to fall ill=
ï•’s-°æ-úøôç
(Ç¢Á’ ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ ï•’s °æúÕçC)
a) He took ill after eating the food on the
train=
È®j™x ǣ慮Ωç A†oç-ü¿’-´©x Åûª-EéÀ ï•’s îËÆœçC.
b) If you go out in the cold you may take ill=
îªL™ AJ-TûË ï•’s îËߪ’-´îª’a.
3) Who will look after her ...?
To look after= to take care of= to care for=
(®Óí∫’-©èπ◊, °œ©x-©èπ◊, ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊ etc)
îËߪ’ôç/ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç
a) When I fell ill, my sister looked after me=
Ø√èπ◊ Ææ’Æ‘hí¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ´÷ sister îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çC.
(Ææ°æ®Ωu©’ îËÆœçC)
b) There is none to look after the child=
Gúøf†’ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ á´-®Ω÷-™‰®Ω’.
c) He is an important guest. Look after him
well=
Åûªúø’ î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† ÅAC∑, ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ îª÷Ææ’éÓ.
-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 2 -V-™„j 2006
4) I called dad and he came up with the idea. a) Children usually take after their parents =
To come up with= á´-È®jØ√ àüÁjØ√ Ç™- °œ©x©’ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©†’ §ÚL Öçö«®Ω’.
É´yôç. b) In features she takes after her mother, but
He came up with the idea that we could get in traits she takes after her father. =
the accommodation by bribing the TC= Ç Å´÷t®· ®Ω÷°æç™ ûªLxE, í∫’ù«™x ûªçvúÕE
TC îËA™ àüÁjØ√ °úÕûË seats üÌ®Ω-éπ-´-a-†ØË
§ÚL ÖçC.
Ç™- Åûª-E-î√aúø’. c) In being tall, he takes after his grand father
Accommodation= 1) Train/ bus ©™ seats,
§Òúø’-í∫’™, ¢√∞¡x û√ûª†’ §ÚL ÖØ√oúø’/
berths; 2)
´ÆæA. §Òúø’-í∫’™ ¢√∞¡x û√ûË Åûªúø’.
5) I am happy you are making it after all.
8) Vinod showed up suddenly yesterday.
(†’´¤y ®√í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç) NØÓü˛ Ö†o-ô’xçúÕ E†o v°æûªu-éπ~-´’-ߪ÷uúø’/
To make it to= Ñ expression î√™« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ù- éπE-°œç-î√úø’.
¢Á’i-†C. Å®Ωnç à °æØÁjØ√ îËߪ’-í∫-©-í∫ôç. a) After weeks of absence, she showed up
a) He made it to the IAS= yesterday=
IAS ™ îË®Ω-í∫-L-í¬úø’/ îË®√úø’. ¢√®√© ûª®√yûª, E†o éπE-°œç-*ç-ü∆¢Á’.
b) The team made it to the finals, after all= b) Kumar shows up at the least expected
àüÁj-ûËØËç, team finals èπ◊ îË®Ω’-éÓ-í∫-L-TçC/ moment =
îË®Ω’-èπ◊çC. ´’†èπ◊ éπ†-°æ-úø-û√-úøE ņ’-éÓE Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™
c) I doubt if he can make it to the place on èπ◊´÷®˝ v°æûªu-éπ~-´’-´¤-û√úø’.
time=
c) Sekhar promised to be here last sunday,
¢√úø’ time èπ◊ Åéπ\úø îË®Ω’-éÓ-í∫-©-í∫úøç Ø√éπ-†’-´÷-†¢Ë’. but he hasn't showed up so far =
d) Election ™ Èí©-´-í∫-L-í¬úø’=
éÀçü¿öÀ ÇC-¢√®Ωç Ééπ\úø Öçö«-††o Sekhar,
He made it to the seat.
6) He can be a handful = Åûª†’ Ææ´’Ææu é¬í∫-©úø’.
É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’Sx éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’/ Åçûª’-™‰úø’.
d) He hasn't showed up for the class.
To be a handful= á´-È®jØ√, ´·êuçí¬ °œ©x©’ ûªLx-
ü¿ç-vúø’-©èπ◊ Ææ´’Ææu Å®·ûË, he/ she is a handful Åûª†’ class èπ◊ ®√™‰ü¿’.
Åçö«ç. Handful í¬ Ö†o °œ©x-©†’ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’© 9) He put up at his uncle's place (for a few
Åü¿’§ƒ-ïc™x Öçîªôç éπ≠dçæ . days).
a) Purnima: Can't your sister lend a hand ¢√∞¡x uncle
Éçöx û√û√\-L-éπçí¬ ÖØ√oúø’.
with the cooking?
To put up = (à éÌCl ®ÓV-©éÓ) •Ææ îËߪ’ôç,
sister
Hotel, lodge ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™ x.
O’ Fèπ◊ ´çô™ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-™‰ü∆?
(lend a hand = ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’ôç. a) They put up at the nearest lodge, after get-
He lent me a hand with tidying up the home=
ting off the train =
É©’x ÆæJl Å´’-®Ωa-ôç™ Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç
Train Cí∫-í¬ØË, station èπ◊ ÅA ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ Ö†o
î˨»úø’.)
lodge ™ •Ææ-îË-¨»®Ω’/ Cí¬®Ω’.
Chitra: She can't. Her two children are a
b) As she had nobody known to her in the
handful for her.
city, she put up at a hotel.
îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’. Ç¢Á’ Éü¿l®Ω’ °œ©x-©ûÓ ¢Ëí∫-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûÓçC
b) The boy is a handful for the teacher = †í∫-®Ωç™ ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√-∞Îx-´®Ω÷ ™‰éπ-§Ú-´-ôçûÓ Ç¢Á’
Ç teacher èπ◊ Ç °œ™«xúø’ °ü¿l Ææ´’Ææu. ÇN-úøèπ◊ hotel™ CTçC.
¢√úÕûÓ ¢Ëí∫ôç éπ≠dçæ . í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:
[Handful = 1) éÌEo ´÷vûª¢Ë’/ éÌCl-´’çC ´÷vûª¢Ë’. äéπ-JéÀ ´ÆæA îª÷°œç-îªôç = put some one up:
Ææ°æ-®Ωu©’ 2) îËA-Eçú≈ – Ñ È®çúø’ Å®√n©’Ø√o®·. a) I put my friend up in our spare bed room =
a) Only a handful of students were present = ´÷ friendèπ◊ ´÷ Éçöx ë«Sí¬ Ö†o bed-
students
éÌCl-´’çC ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´î√a®Ω’. room ™ ´ÆæA Éî√a†’.
b) He has a handful of grapes =
b) He put me up in his uncle's place =
¢√úÕ îËA-Eçú≈ vü∆éπ~ °æçúø’x-Ø√o®·.] Ø√èπ◊ ¢√∞¡x uncle Éçöx ´ÆæA éπLpç-î√úø’.
7 a) He takes after your sister, doesn't he?
O’ Åéπ\ߪ’u §ÚLéπ éπü∆, ¢√∞¡x-¶«s®·? ÉN î√™« common phrasal verbs conversa-
tion™. ¶«í¬ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
b) In traits he takes after his dad
©éπ~-ù«™x ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o §ÚLéπ. t
To take after = to resemble = §ÚL Öçúøôç tt
II
Bhagat: Hi Jagat, why are you putting on a new
shirt and a new pair of trousers?
(àçöÀ ïí∫û˝, éÌûªh shirt, éÌûªh pants
¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤. àçöÀ N¨Ï≠æç?)
Jagat: Today is my birthday.
(É¢√∞¡ Ø√ °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV).
Bhagat: Many happy returns of the day. But
why not a word of it to me earlier? I'd
have had the pleasure of presenting
you something.
(†’Oy °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x ï®Ω’°æ¤éÓ-¢√-©E
Ø√ éÓJéπ. é¬F †’Oy N≠æߪ’ç Ø√ûÓ äéπ\-
´÷ô èπÿú≈ ņ-™‰ü¿’. FÍé-üÁjØ√ 鬆’-éÀ*a
ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úË-¢√úÕo éπü∆?)
Jagat: That's precisely why I've put off telling
you of it until now. I am against receiv-
ing birth day gifts. First of all, I am not
for celebrating my birthday.
(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ Åçü¿’-´™‰x Fèπ◊ Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊
îÁ°æpôç ¢√®·ü∆¢Ë¨»†’. °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV 鬆’-éπ©’
Æ‘yéπ-Jç-îªôç Ø√éπçûª É≠ædç ™‰ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’
°æ¤öÀd† -®Ó-V-†’ °æç-úøí∫í¬ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÓ-´ôç É≠ædç-
™‰ü¿’ Ø√èπ◊.)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 180
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Jagat: Not certainly. I can't sit through the two
and half hours of loud songs, dance, sex
and violence that an Indian movie is.
(ÅC ´÷vûªç ™‰ü¿’. ¶µ«®Ω-Bߪ’ ÆœE´÷ ÅØË È®çúø’-
†o®Ω í∫çô© íÌúø´ §ƒô©’, Ø√ö«u©’, ¨¡%çí¬®Ωç,
£œ«çÆæ îª÷Ææ÷h èπÿîÓ-´ôç Ø√´©x é¬ü¿’.)
Bhagat: But so many watch them.
(é¬F î√™«-´’çC ¢√öÀE îª÷≤ƒh®Ω’.)
Jagat: Sorry. Anything but that. I can't put up
with the boredom.
(ÅC-ûª°æp ÉçÍé-ü¿Ø√o °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. Ç
NÆæ’-í∫’†’ ؈’ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’.)
Bhagat: OK. Thanks for the treat at least.
(éπFÆæç dinner Å®·Ø√ ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤.
Thanks)
Let's continue our study of phrasal
verbs. Look at the following expressions
from the conversation above:
1) ... Why are you putting on a new shirt and a
new pair of trousers?
2) ... Why I have put off telling you of it.
3) ... I am against; I am for/ I am not for/ I am all
for.
4) I've come across very few that don't cele-
brate their birthdays.
b) She is particular about this sari = -Ç¢Á’ Ñ
<Í® 鬢√-©ç-öçC/ Ñ <®Ω éÓÆæ¢Ë’ °æô’d-•-úø’-
ûÓçC. É°æ¤púø’ phrasal verbs N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌü∆lç:
1) Why are you putting on a new shirt and a
new pair of trousers?
To put on =
(•ôd©’) ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç/ ûÌúø’-éÓ\-´ôç.
üµ¿Jç-îªôç Åçõ‰ wear. É°æp-öÀ-éÀ-°æ¤púø’ •ôd©’ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-
´ôç/ ûÌúø’-éÓ\-´ôç ´÷vûª¢Ë’ to put on. ´÷´‚-
©’í¬ üµ¿Jç-îªôç = to wear.
a) If you are going to the marriage, put on the
new clothes =
°RxéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-†o-ôx-®·ûË éÌûªh •ôd©’ ¢ËÆæ’éÓ.
b) He is putting on a sweater because he is
going out in the cold weather = îªL™ •ßª’-
sweater
öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√oúø’ 鬕öÀd ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.
Wear = üµ¿Jç-îªôç. He wears expensive
clothes = êK-üÁj† •ôd©’ üµ¿J-≤ƒh-úø-ûª†’.
-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 4 -V-™„j 2006
c) You come across the likes of Gandhi rarely
í¬çDµ-™«ç-öÀ-¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†èπ◊ Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ éπE-°œ-≤ƒh®Ω’.
5) I don't see eye to eye with you.
to see eye to eye with = àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îªôç.
´·êuçí¬ Ñ expression †’ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îª-éπ-§Ú-´-ö«-
EÍé ¢√úø-û√®Ω’– not see eye to eye with ÅE.
(äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpçC ÉçéÌ-éπ®Ω’ ä°æ¤p-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´-ö«-EÍé áèπ◊\´
¢√úø-û√®Ω’.)
a) The father and the son don't see eye to
eye with each other on the matter of the
son's marriage = éÌúø’èπ◊ °Rx N≠æ-ߪ’ç™
ûªçvúÕ éÌúø’-èπ◊-©èπ◊ ¶µ‰ü∆-Gµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷-©’-Ø√o®·.
b) He doesn't see eye to eye with his wife on
many matters =
î√™« N≠æ-ߪ÷™x ¶µ«®√u-¶µº-®Ωh-©èπ◊ ÅçU-鬮Ωç ™‰ü¿’.
6) ... and it can't be credited to anyone =
ü∆E-Èé-´®Ω÷ °∂æ’†ûª ´£œ«ç-îª-™‰®Ω’ (Ç íÌ°æp-ûª†ç
á´-J-D-é¬ü¿’)
a) Indian independence is credited to

I don't see eye to eye with ..
Bhagat: That's rather odd. I've come across
very few that don't celebrate their
birthdays.
(ÉC é¬Ææh NçûË. °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÓ-E-
¢√-∞¡x†’ éÌCl´’çCØË îª÷¨».)
Jagat: Well, I don't mind your taking me as
one of those few.
(§ÚF™‰. Å™«çöÀ éÌCl-´’ç-C™ ØËØÌ-éπ-úøoE
†’´y-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ø√Íéç Ŷµºuç-ûª-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’.)
Bhagat: I don't see eye to eye with you on this.
What's wrong in enjoying yourself on
the day you entered the world?
(Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ØËFoûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îª-ôç-™‰ü¿’.
´’†ç v°æ°æç-îªç-™éÀ Åúø’í∫’°öÀd† ®ÓV
ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ í∫úø’-°æ¤-éÓ-´-úøç™ ûªÊ°pçöÀ?)
Jagat: Is it any achievement of yours if a year
rolls on? Time passes and it can't be
credited to anyone. I am all for a per-
son celebrating an achievement, but
not for the passage of time.
(ã Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç í∫úø-´ôç ÅØËC ´’†ç ≤ƒCµç-
îË-üËç-é¬-ü¿’-éπü∆. 鬩ç í∫úÕ-*-§Ú-ûª’çC. ÅC
á´J íÌ°æp-ûª-†´‚ é¬ü¿’. (Ø√ @N-ûªç™ äéπ
Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç Ø√ íÌ°æp ņ’-éÓ-™‰†’ ÅØË ¶µ«´ç.)
àüÁjØ√ ´’†ç ≤ƒCµç-*çC Öçõ‰ ü∆Eo ÆæçûÓ-
≠æçí¬ í∫úø-°æôç Ø√èπ◊ °æ‹Jhí¬ É≠æd¢Ë’, é¬E
鬩ç í∫úÕ-*ç-ü∆-EéÀ ´’† °∂æ’†ûª àç ™‰ü¿’.)
Bhagat: Then why did you put on the new
clothes?
(Å®·ûË éÌûªh •ôd-™„ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤?)
Jagat: Mom was particular and sent me them.
So I put them on- just to please her.
(Å´’t °æô’d-•-öÀdçC. Ç •ôd©’ °æç°œçC.
Å´’t†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°-ôd-ú≈-EéÀ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊Ø√o.)
Bhagat: OK. OK. At least are you going to give
us a treat? (éπFÆæç Nçü¿Ø√o É≤ƒh¢√?)
Jagat: We'll have it, don't worry. (Å™«Íí).
Bhagat: What about a movie after that?
(Ç ûª®√yûª ÆœE´÷?)
5) I don't see eye to eye with.
6) ... and it can't be credited to anyone.
7) Are you going to give us a treat?
8) I can't sit through the loud songs, dances,
sex and violence.
9) I can't put up with the boredom.
Ñ expressions meanings, use ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØË-
´·çü¿’ ´’†ç -ÉçéÌ-Eo °æü∆© Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
1) Precisely = éπ*a-ûªçí¬ (•çí¬®Ω癫çöÀN
ô-°æ¤púø’, íÌ°æp íÌ°æp (Olympic véÃúø-™«xçöÀ) °æ®Ω’-í∫’-
°æç-ü∆™x time î√™« éπ*a-ûªçí¬, ÂÆéπ†x ûËú≈ èπÿú≈
™‰èπ◊çú≈ Öçúø-ôç-™«çöÀC precise.)
2) Odd = NçûÁj†. ´÷´‚©’éπçõ‰ Gµ†oçí¬ Ö†o.
He doesn't like curd. That's odd. (î√™«-´’ç-CéÀ
É≠æd - ¢ Á ’ i † °®Ω ’ í∫ ’ Åûª-EéÀ É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’. ÅC Nçûª.)
3) Mind: ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆– ´’†ç
Ç™-*çîË, ´’† ûÁL-NéÀ E©-ߪ’-¢Á’i† •’v®Ω.
Ééπ\úø Mind Åçõ‰ Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç Öçúøôç.
Do you mind waiting for a few minutes? =
é¬Ææh wait îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ O’Íé-´’Ø√o Ŷµºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?
I don't mind it at all = Ø√Íéç Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.
Never mind = ü∆E í∫’Jç* °æöÀdç-éÓ-´ü¿’l.
(á´-È®jØ√ sorry Å™«ç-öÀN Åçõ‰ ´’†ç never
mind Åçö«ç.)
4) Achievement = ≤ƒCµçîË N≠æߪ’ç – °∂æ’†ûª.
Achieve = ≤ƒCµ ç-îªôç.
a) A score of a century in cricket is an
achievement =
Century éÌôdúøç °∂æ’†ûª (≤ƒCµç-*† N≠æߪ’ç).
b) Getting a good rank is an achievement =
´’ç* rank
≤ƒCµç-îªôç äéπ °∂æ’†ûª.
5) Time rolling = 鬩ç üÌ®Ωxôç
6) be particular about =
°æô’d-ü¿-©í¬ Öçúøôç (äéπ N≠æߪ’ç-™)
a) I am particular about vegetarian food =
Ø√èπ◊ ¨»é¬-£æ…-®Ω¢Ë’ 鬢√L (°æô’d-•-ôdúøç)
Mahatma Gandhi = ¶µ«®Ωûª ≤ƒyûªçvûªuç ûÁ*a†
°∂æ’†ûª/ íÌ°æp-ûª†ç í¬çDµC.
b) The profits of the company are credited to
the General Manager = company Ç
General Manager
™«¶µ«-©èπ◊ üË °∂æ’†ûª.
2) Why I've put off
7) ... are you going to give us a treat?
telling you of it.
To put off = to post- treat = ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†/ Ç£æ…x-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç
pone àüÁjØ√ treat.
(¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ëߪ’ôç)
a) I shall be happy if a) The movie is a real treat after a long peri-
the exams are put od of bad movies = î√™« °æE-éÀ-®√E *vû√©
off until the next ûª®√yûª ´*a† Ñ ÆœE´÷ Eïçí¬ î√™«
M. SURESAN
week = ´îËa-¢√-®Ωç- ¶«í∫’çC. Ç£æ…x-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖçC.
ü∆é¬ °æK-éπ~©’ ¢√®·-ü∆-°æ-úÕûË Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç. b) To give a treat = Nçü¿’ É´yôç.
b) Don't put off till tomorrow what you can do He gave us a treat on his birthday =
ûª÷îË- today = Ñ ®ÓV îËߪ’-í∫-L-Tç-ü∆Eo Í®°æöÀ ´®Ωèπ◊ °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ Åûª†’ NçC-î√aúø’.
¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËßÁ·ü¿’l. c) The treat he gave us on his wedding
Put off ûª®√yûª till é¬F, until é¬F ¢√úøû√ç. anniversary was grand = °Rx ¢√J{-éÓ-ûªq´ç
3) I am for/ I am all for/ I am against. Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ Åûª-E-*a† Nçü¿’ íÌ°æpí¬ ÖçC.
To be for/ to be all for = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ’ç-°æôx
8) I can't sit through the loud songs, dances, ..
Ææ’´·-êçí¬/ °æ‹Jhí¬ Ææ’´·-êçí¬ Öçúøôç/ äéπ To sit through = (ã°œí¬_) *´-J-ü∆é¬ èπÿ®Óa-´ôç.
N≠æߪ’ç Ææ´’-Jnç-îªôç. a) He can't teach well. I can't sit through his
a) I am for/ I am all for starting early = class =
Çߪ’† ÆæJí¬_ ¶Cµç-îª-™‰úø’. Çߪ’†
ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-ö«-EÍé ؈’ Ææ’´·-êçí¬ ÖØ√o†’. class *´-J-ü∆é¬ Øˆ’ èπÿ®Óa™‰†’.
ÅüË Ø√éÀ≠dçæ . b) (Do) you want to sit through the discus-
b) She is for attending the function = sion? I don't have the patience.
Ç¢Á’ function èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-ú≈-EÍé Ææ’´·-êçí¬ ÖçC. (Ç îª®Ωa© *´-J-ü∆é¬ ††’o èπÿ®Óa-´’ç-ö«¢√?
c) He was not for his son joining politics = Ø√é¬ ã°œé𠙉ü¿’.)
Çߪ’† éÌúø’èπ◊ ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷™x îË®Ωúøç Çߪ’-†-éÀ≠dçæ Sit through, ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ not ûÓØË ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
™‰ü¿’. (èπÿ®Óa-™‰†’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ).
Against = ´uA-Í®éπç. 9) I can't put up with the boredom =
4) I've come across very few that don't Ç NÆæ’í∫’ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’.
celebrate their birthdays. To put up with = Æ棜«ç-îªôç/ ¶µºJç-îªôç
To come across = îª÷úøôç, ņ’-¶µº-Nç-îªôç, a) Sita was a great woman. She put up with
û√®Ω-Ææ-°æ-úøôç. a lot of hardship =
a) We come across camels only in deserts = Æ‘ûª íÌ°æp Æ‘Y. î√™« éπ≥ƒd-©†’ ¶µºJç*çC.
äçõ„-©†’ áú≈-®Ω’-™xØË îª÷≤ƒhç – áú≈-®Ω’-™xØË ÅN b) I cannot put up with the noise =
´’†èπ◊ éπE-°œ-≤ƒh®·. Ç íÌúø´ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’.
b) The doctor says he hasn't come across c) She has put up with all the trouble her hus-
such a case so far in his practice = band gave her =
ûª† practice ™ Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ É™«çöÀ case ¶µº®Ωh-°-öÀd† ¶«üµ¿-©-Eo-öÀF Ç¢Á’ ¶µºJç-*çC.
îª÷úø-™‰-ü¿ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’ doctor.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II
Badari: Shall we go for lunch? Don't you think
it is time?
(Lunch éÀ ¢Á∞«l´÷? Time Å®·çC éπü∆?)
Kedar: It is only 11.30. I feel its too early.
(-É°æ¤p-úø’ 11.30- -´÷-vûª-¢Ë’ -Å®·ç-C. î√-™« -
ûªy®Ωí¬ -¢Á-R}-†-ôx-´¤-ûª’ç-C.)
Badari: Hei, Both of us have forgotten. Hasn't
Amareswar asked us to lunch today at
his home?
(àß˝’, ´’†ç Éü¿l®Ωç ´’®Ω-*-§Úߪ÷ç. É¢√∞¡
Å´’-Í®-¨¡y®˝ ´’†Lo ¶µï-Ø√-EéÀ °œ©-´-™‰ü¿÷?)
Kedar: That's right. So he has. This is the third
or fourth sunday this year he has
asked us to eat at his place. He seems
to keep open house on Sundays.
(Å´¤†’ Eï¢Ë’. Åûª†’ °œL-î√úø’. Ñ Ææç´-ûªq-
®Ωç™ ÉC ´‚úÓ ÇC-¢√-®Ω¢Á÷, Ø√©’íÓ
ÇC¢√-®Ω¢Á÷ Åûª†’ ´’†Lo ¶µï-Ø√-EéÀ
°œ©-´úøç. Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ ÇC-¢√-®√©’ á´®Ó
äéπ-JE °œLîË™« ÖçC)
Badari: That's correct. You remember what
happened last time. He kept us too
long after dinner. There was no bus at
that hour. No auto was in sight. So we
had to foot our way back.
(Å´¤†’. Fèπ◊ §Ú®·-†≤ƒÍ®´’-®·çüÓ í∫’®Ω’hçC
éπü∆? ¶µï†ç Å®·† ûª®√yûª î√™«-ÊÆ°æ¤
èπÿ®Óa-¶„-ö«dúø’. Ç time èπ◊ bus ™‰O’-™‰´¤.
áéπ\ú≈ auto éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’. ´’†ç ¢Á†èπ◊\
†úÕ* ®√´-©Æœ ´*açC)
Kedar: Of course I remember. But that was a
good dinner that he gave us that day.
What if we had to walk back? That din-
ner was worth the walk.
(Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’hç-úøÍéç? é¬E Ç®ÓV Åéπ\úÕ
¶µï†ç î√™« ¶«í∫’çC. †úÕÊÆh à´’-®·ç-
C™‰? Ç ¶µï-†çûÓ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰ †úøÍéç °ü¿l
v¨¡´’-é¬ü¿’.)
(worth èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, use Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ îª÷¨»ç.)
Badari: The wonder is his wife is as hospitable
as he.
(Ǩ¡a®Ωuç àN’-ôçõ‰ ÅûªE ¶µ«®Ωu ÇAü∑¿uç
É´y-ôç™ Åûª-EûÓ ÆæJ-Ææ-´÷†ç.)
Kedar: In that respect they are cut out for each
other.
(Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ¢√∞¡Ÿx äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ®Ω’ ÆæJí¬_
ÆæJ-§Ú-û√®Ω’)
Badari: So they are. The way they serve us
makes us feel at home.
Kedar: I think I hear him calling. Shall I tell him
we are starting?
(ÅûªØË phone îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-úø-†’-èπ◊çö«/ ÅûªE
phone ņ’-èπ◊çö« NE-°œ-≤ÚhçC. •ßª’-©’-
üË-®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√o-´’E îÁ°æpØ√?)
Badari: Do. (îÁ°æ¤p)
Here are some more phrasal verbs we hear
frequently in daily conversation. Like the
phrasal verbs we have seen in the earlier
lessons, they can make your conversation
very effective.
Now let's study them.
Look at the following sentences from the
conversation between Badari and Kedar.
1) He seems to keep open house on Sundays
2) We had to foot our way back home
3) In that respect they are cut out for each other
4) ... They make us feel at home
5) That dinner was worth it
OöÀE í∫’Jç* îªJaç-îË-´·çü¿’, ´’†ç ´’J-éÌEo
´÷ô© Å®Ωnç, use ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
He asked us to lunch today:
Åûªúø’ É¢√∞¡ ´’†Lo lunch èπ◊ °œL-î √úø’/
Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√úø’.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
´÷´‚-©’í¬ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªôç Åçõ‰ invite ÅE
´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Conversational í¬ Å®·ûË Éçé¬
simple í¬ invite •ü¿’©’ ask ¢√úøôç î√™«
≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç.
He has invited me to dinner =
He has asked me to dinner =
††’o ¶µï-Ø√-EéÀ °œL-î √úø’/ Ç£æ…y-Eç-î √úø’
(ûÁ©’-í∫’™ èπÿú≈ ¢√u´-£æ…-J-éπçí¬ Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√úø’
ņúøç éπçõ‰ °œL-î√úø’ ņúøç áèπ◊\´ éπü∆?)
No auto was in sight
áéπ\ú≈ Auto éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’.
(in sight = ü¿%≠œd™ / éπE-°œÆæ÷h)
áèπ◊\-´í¬ not ûÓ éπ†-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’ ÅØËç-ü¿’Íé ¢√úøû√ç.
Not a policeman was in sight.
äéπ\ police man èπÿú≈ éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’.
É™«ç-öÀ´Fo ¶«í¬ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
Now let's look at the following.
1) He seems to keep open house =
Åûª†’ á°æ¤púø÷ ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’ °œLîËô’xØ√oúø’. (ÇAü∑¿uç
É´y-ö«-EéÀ Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ Æœü¿l¥çí¬ éπ†-°æ-úø-û√úø’).
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 181
They are cut out for each other
Ééπ\úÕphrasal verb: to
keep open house =
ÅA-ü∑¿’-©-Èé-°æ¤púø÷ É©’x ûÁJîË
Öçúøôç/ ÇAü∑¿uç É´y-ö«-
EéÀ á°æ¤púø÷ Æœü¿l¥¢Ë’.
a) Come Sunday, they
keep open house =
M. SURESAN
ÇC-¢√®Ωç ´ÊÆh-ÆæJ, ¢√Rxçöx
ÅA-ü∑¿’-©’ç-ú≈-LqçüË.
b) We keep open house. You can drop in at any time
ÅA-ü∑¿’-©-Èé-°æ¤púø÷ ´÷ É©’x ûÁJîË Öçô’çC.
†’¢Áy-°æ¤p-úø-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ Å°æ¤púø’ ®√´îª’a.
They keep open house on sundays. You are
always sure to see there some guest or the other
ÇC-¢√-®√©’ ¢√Rxçöx ÇAü∑¿uç á°æ¤púø÷ Öçô’çC.
á´®Ó äéπ ÅAC∑ Åéπ\úø ´’†èπ◊ éπ†-°æ-úøôç ûªü∑¿uç.
2) We had to foot our way back home =
´’†ç ÉçöÀéÀ †úÕ* ®√¢√Lq ´*açC.
foot one's way = †úø-´ôç/ walk.
a) As his vehicle broke down, he left it there
and footed his way to office =
¢√£æ«†ç îÁúÕ-§Ú-´-ôçûÓ, Åûª†’ ü∆†o-éπ\úø ´CL,
office èπ◊ †úÕ* ¢Á∞«xúø’.
b) Foot your way as much as possible and
you will be healthy =
O©-®·-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ †úÕÊÆh ´’† Ç®Óí∫uç
¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC.
(you Åçõ‰ †’´¤y, O’®Ω’, Fèπ◊, O’èπ◊ ÅØË Å®√n©’
´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, general í¬ á´-È®jØ√, á´-J-ÈéjØ√
ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ†÷ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.)
Foot your way as much as possible ÅØË sen-
tence ™ '†’´¤y/ O’®Ω’— áçûª-ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕÊÆh ÅØË
é¬èπ◊çú≈, á´-È®jØ√/ ´’†ç, áçûªü¿÷®Ωç †úÕÊÆh Åçûª
Ç®Óí∫uç ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC ÅE Å®Ωnç. Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ:
You cannot extract oil from sand =
ÉÆæ-éπ-™ç* †÷ØÁ Bߪ’™‰ç. Ééπ\úø you Åçõ‰
†’´¤y/ O’®Ω’ ÅØË Å®√n-EéÀ °æJ-N’ûªç é¬ü¿’.
c) I can't foot my walk for such a long dis-
tance = Åçûª ü¿÷®Ωç ؈’ †úø-´-™‰†’.
3) In that respect they are cut out for each
other. Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ®Ω’ ÆæJ-§Ú-û√®Ω’.
be cut out for (something)/ be cut out to be
(something) - be 'be' form (am,
Ééπ\úø Åçõ‰ à
is, are, was, were etc)
¢√úø-´îª’a.
expression.
ÉC î√™« ´’ç* Å®Ωnç– äéπ®Ω’ äéπ °æE
îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ûªT† ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç, í∫’ù-í∫-ù«©’ éπLT Öçúøôç.
a) Are you sure you are cut out for the army?
ÂÆj†uç™ îË®Ω-ú≈-EéÀ ûªT† ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç Fèπ◊ç-ü¿E
†´·t-ûª’-Ø√o¢√?
b) He is cut out to be a teacher =
His teaching is excellent = teacher
èπ◊ ûªT†
≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç Åûª-E™ ÖçC. ÅûªE ¶üµ¿† î√™«
¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC.
c) She is cut out to be a doctor. No doubt
about it =
Doctor
Ç¢Á’ Å´-ö«EÍé °æ¤öÀd-†-ô’dçü∆ ÅE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.
Doctor Å´-ö«-EéÀ ÆæJí¬_ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC. EÆæqç-üË£æ«ç.
EXERCISE 1
Syamala: àçöÀ¢√∞¡ <®Ω éπô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤?
Nirmala: ´÷ classmate birthday Ææçü¿-®Ωs ¥çí¬
Nçü¿’ É≤ÚhçC.
Syamala: Åçûª-ÊÆ°æ‹ <®ΩûÓ Öçúøôç éπ≠dç æ é¬ü¿÷?
Nirmala: Ø√èπ◊ Å´çõ‰ É≠ædç. <®ΩûÓ áçûª-ÊÆ-°æ-®·Ø√
Öçúø-í∫-©†’.
Syamala: Åéπ\úË ´’E-ü¿l-Jéà ûËú≈. Ø√èπ◊ <®Ωçõ‰
ÅçA-≠dçæ -™‰ü¿’.
Nirmala: à¢ÁjØ√ v°æûËuéπ Ææçü¿®√s¥©’çõ‰ØË Ø√èπ◊ <®Ω
É≠ædç.
Syamala: Å´¤†÷, °æ¤öÀd-†®ÓV E†o-Ø√o´¤?
Nirmala: E†oØË, é¬E dinner ´÷vûªç É¢√-RdéÀ
¢√®·-ü∆-¢Ë-ÆœçC.
Syamala: Wish you a good time.
EXERCISE 2
Ganesh: Hi Karthik, àçöÀ Åçûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ Å©-Æœ
-§Ú-®·-†ô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?
Karthik: Ø√ bike ´’üµ¿u™ îÁúÕ-§Ú-®·çC. ü∆Eo
†úÕ-°œç--èπ◊çô÷ ´*a mechanic èπ◊ É*a,
Åéπ\-úÕ-†’ç* È®çúø’ éÀ™-O’-ô®Ωx ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕ*
´î√a†’.
Ganesh: Ø√èπ◊ phone îËÆæ’çõ‰ ؈’ ´*a lift ÉîËa-
¢√-úÕE éπü∆?
Karthik: †’´¤y Ææ£æ…ߪ ’ç îËÊÆ-¢√-úÕ-¢Ë-†E Ø√èπ◊
ûÁ©’Ææ’. Åçü¿’´™‰x Ø√ rooms èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xèπ◊çú≈
F rooms èπ◊ ´î√a†’. Ñ ®√vAéÀ ØËE-éπ\-úø
-Öç-úÌî√a?
Ganesh: Åçûª-éπ-Ø√oØ√? ÉC F É™‰x ņ’éÓ.
Karthik: Thank you. àçöà maths îËÆæ’h-Ø√o¢√?
ņoô’d, O’ éÌûªh maths lecturer ᙫ
ÖØ√oúø’?
Ganesh: î√™« íÌ°æp lecturer. Åçü¿’-éÓ-Ææ¢Ë’ °æ¤ö«dú≈
ņoô’x maths lecturer í¬ ÆæJí¬_ ÆæJ-§Ú-û√úø’.
Karthik: Å®·ûË ÆæçûÓ≠æç.
í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 6 -V-™„j 2006
4) They make us feel at home =
´’† ÉçöxØË ÖØ√o´’ØË ¶µ«´† éπL-T-≤ƒh®Ω’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx.
(Åçõ‰ ÅA-ü∑¿’Lo Åçûª ¶«í¬ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-®Ω-†o-´÷ô)
To make your guest feel at home=
ÅA-C∑E à Nüµ¿ç-í¬†÷ ¢Á·£æ«-´÷-ô-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈ îª÷úøôç
a) He treats his guests well. He makes them
feel absolutely at home =
ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’ Çߪ’† ¶«í¬ îª÷≤ƒhúø’. ¢√∞¡x™ ≤Òçûª
ÉçöxØË Ö†o ¶µ«´† éπL-T-≤ƒhúø’
b) Don't be hesitant. Feel at home. Ask for
whatever you want=
¢Á·£æ«-´÷-ô-°æ-úÌü¿’l. O’ É™‰x ņ’-éÓçúÕ. àç
鬢√™ ÅúÕT BÆæ’éÓçúÕ. (ÅA-C∑ûÓ É™«
Åçô’çö«ç)
5) That dinner was worth it =
Çdinner ûÓ §ÚLÊÆh ´’†ç †úø-¢√Lq ®√´ôç °ü¿l
¶«üµË-O’-é¬ü¿’.
ANSWER
Syamala: Why have you put on a sari?
Nirmala: Our classmate is giving us a treat on
the occasion of her birthday.
Syamala: Can you be in the sari all the time?
Nirmala: I like saris. So I can put with it for any
time.
Syamala: That's where we don't see eye to eye
with each other. I don't like saris much.
Nirmala: I am for saris only for special occasions.
Syamala: But didn't you say the birthday was
yesterday?
Nirmala: Yes, it was, but she put off the dinner
till today.
Syamala: Wish you a good time.
ANSWER
Ganesh: Hi Karthik, you look so tired and
weak, why?
Karthik: My bike broke down on the way. I
walked it up to my mechanic, gave it
to him for repair and footed my way
for 2 kms here.
Ganesh: If you had phone me, I would have
given you a lift.
Karthik: I know you are the helping type.
That's why I came straight to your
rooms without going to my place. can
I stay here for the night?
Ganesh: By all means/ you are welcome. Feel
absolutely at home.
Karthik: Thank you. You seem to be doing
maths. By the way how is your new
maths lecturer?
Ganesh: Excellent. He is cut out for the job.
Karthik: Happy to hear it.
II
Akhila: How is your mother? Is she improving?
(O’ Å¢Á’t™« ÖçC? éÓ©’-èπ◊ç-öçü∆?)
Nikhila: She is, but she is too weak to move about.
(éÓ©’-èπ◊ç-öçC é¬E éπü¿-™‰x-†çûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬/
•©-£‘«-†çí¬ ÖçC)
Akhila: She is taking too many drugs perhaps.
May be that's why she is so weak.
(´’çü¿’©’ ´’K áèπ◊\´ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-öç-üË¢Á÷.
Åçü¿’-´©x Åçûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ ÖçúÌa)
Nikhila: On the contrary she avoids even the
medicines she has to take. She hates
them too much to take them regularly.
Hence her slow recovery.
(ÅüËç ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-鬢Á’ ´uA-Í®éπç. BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-
Lq† ´’çü¿’™‰ ÆæJí¬ BÆæ’-éÓü¿’. ´’çü¿’©†’
véπ´’-•-ü¿l¥çí¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-©çõ‰ áçûÓ üËy≠æç)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 182
Akhila: Who is treating
her?
(á´®Ω’/ à doc-
tor îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’?)
Nikhila: We put her in
Readycure
Hospital.
(Readycure M. SURESAN
Hospital ™ îË®√aç)
She is too weak to move ..
Akhila: But isn't it too expensive and too far off
a place?
(é¬E, ÅC ´’K êKü¿’, ü¿÷®Ωç é¬ü∆?)
Nikhila: It is. But mom's cousin is a doctor
there. So we admitted her there.
(Eï¢Ë’. é¬E ´÷ Å´’t cousin Åéπ\úø
doctor. Åçü¿’-éπ-†-éπ\úø îË®√aç)
Akhila: You must be spending a lot on trans-
port to and fro. You must have spent
quite a lot already.
(A®Ω-í∫-ö«-EÍé î√™« ê®Ω’a °ô’dç-ú≈L O’®Ω’.
É°æp-öÀÍé î√™« ê®Ωa®· Öçú≈L.)
Nikhila: You can say that again the tests they
have prescribed as alone have cost us
a lot. The medicines are expensive too.
(Ç´÷ô †’´¤y ´’Sx ´’Sx ÅØÌa. ¢√∞¡Ÿx
îË®·ç*† °æK-éπ~©Íé î√™« -ê®Ωa®·uçC.
´’çü¿’©’ èπÿú≈ î√™« êKüË)
Akhila: These days medicare has become too
costly. Only the rich can afford it. The
Poor have to make do with substan-
dard treatment.
(Ñ ®ÓV™x ¢Ájü¿uç î√™« êK-üÁj-§Ú-®·çC.
Ö†o-¢√-∞¡xÍé ÅC Åçü¿’-¶«-ô’™ ÖçC. ™‰E-¢√∞¡Ÿx
ûªèπ◊\´ ®Ωéπç ¢Ájü¿uçûÓ ÆæJ-°-ô’d-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË.)
make do = Ææ®Ω’l-éÓ-´ôç/ ÆæJ-°-ô’d-éÓ-´ôç
Nikhila: Mom is too impatient. She wants to get
out as soon as possible. The doctors
however insist that she stay there for at
least four more days. She feels it too long.
(Å´’t ´’K ÅÆæ-£æ«-†çí¬ ÖçC. O©-®·†çûª
ûªy®Ωí¬ ÇÆæ’-°ævA †’ç* •ßª’-ô-°æ-ú≈-©-†’-
èπ◊ç-öçC. é¬F doctors ´÷vûªç éπFÆæç
Éçé¬ Ø√©’í∫’ ®ÓV-©’ç-ú≈-©ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Ç¢Á’èπ◊
´÷vûªç Å-C ´’K áèπ◊\-´-鬩ç ÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Akhila: If only she takes medicines properly ...
(´’çü¿’©’ ÆæJí¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç Åçô÷ Öçõ‰ ...)
Nikhila: Oh, my! It's already 7.30. I have stayed
here too long. I'm afraid I'll be late for
the hospital. I must hurry. Bye.
(Å¢Á÷t! Å°æ¤púË 7.30 Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. ´’K
áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ-°æ¤-Ø√o-E-éπ\úø. ÇÆæ’-°æ-vAéÀ Ç©Ææu¢Á’i
§Ú-ûÓçC. ؈’ ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«xL. Bye.)




Too
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç Ñ≤ƒJ.
1) Too ´’†ç ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ 'also' (èπÿú≈) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
¢√úøû√ç éπü∆?
Ramya: Has she come? (Ç¢Á’ ´*açü∆?)
Priya: She has. (Ç. ´*açC.)
Ramya: Has her husband come too?
(Ç¢Á’ ¶µº®Ωh èπÿú≈ ´î√aú≈?)
Priya: Yes. He has come too.
(Å´¤†’. Çߪ’† èπÿú≈ ´î√aúø’)
Spoken English ™ 'èπÿú≈— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ also
î√™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. áèπ◊\-´í¬ 'too' ¢√úø-
û√®Ω’. 'Too' á°æ¤púø÷ verb ûª®√yûª ¢√úøôç bet-
ter. She too has come éπØ√o She has come
too, better. Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x îª÷¨»ç –
Not ûÓ also ÅÆæ-©’-®√ü¿’.
2) Too èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷ü∆lç – Ñ lesson ™
¢√úÕ† Nüµ¿çí¬–
Too Åçõ‰ ´’K/ ÅA ÅE ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç
îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´îª’a.
Look at the following.
a) He is tall = Åûªúø’ §Òúø’í∫’ – ´’ç*üË.
b) He is very tall = Åûªúø’ î√™« §Òúø’í∫’ –
´’ç*üË.
c) He is too tall = Åûªúø’ ´’K §Òúø’í∫’ – Åçõ‰
Ééπ\úø §Òúø’í∫’ ´©x àüÓ É•sçC Öçúø-´îª’a.
(´’K §Òúø’-í∫-´ôç ´©x, Eö«-®Ω’í¬ E©’-îÓ-™‰-éπ-
§Ú-´-ô¢Á÷, à í∫C-™-ÈéjØ√ ¢Á∞Ïx-ô-°æ¤púø’ ü∆y®Ωç
ûªí∫-©-ô¢Á÷, ´’K ´çT v°æ¢Ë-Pç--î√-Lq ®√´-ô-¢Á÷-
™«çöÀ É•sç-ü¿’©’ ÖçúÌa– ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ÅûªúÕ
áûª’hèπ◊ ûªT† ¶µ«®Ωu üÌ®Ω-éπ\-§Ú-´îª’a!)
Too Åçõ‰ ÅA ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úøôç ´©x,
ü∆E v°æßÁ÷-ï-Ø√©’ ´’ç*-Ní¬ Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.
a) He drives too fast =
Åûªúø’ ´’K ¢Ëí∫çí¬ drive îË≤ƒhúø’. Åçü¿’-´©x
v°æ´÷ü¿ç Ææ綵º-Nç-îª-´îª’a.
b) She talks too much.
Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ü∆E-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´÷ö«xúø’ûª’çC.
c) It is too costly =
ÅC ´’K êKü¿’. (Åçü¿’-´©x é̆-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.) DEo
éÀçC-¢√-öÀûÓ §Ú©açúÕ.
i) It is costly = ÅC êKü¿’ (éÌØÌa)
ii) It is very costly =
ÅC ¶«í¬ êKü¿’ (Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà éÌØÌa.)
iii) It is too costly = ÅC ÅA/ ´’K êKü¿’
(؈’ é̆†’ – éÌØË Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰éπ-§Ú-´îª’a)
d) Sarat: You liked the suitcase. Why didn't
you buy it?
(Ç suitcase Åçõ‰ É≠æd-°æ-ú≈f´¤.
´’È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊ é̆-™‰ü¿’?)
Bharat: Oh, it's too heavy.
ÅC ´’K •®Ω’´¤í¬ ÖçC. (؈’ ¢Á÷ߪ’-
™‰-†çûª •®Ω’´¤. Åçü¿’-´©x é̆-™‰ü¿’.)
e) Kiran: How do you find your new home?
(O’®Ω’ éÌûªhí¬ îËJ† É™„x™« ÖçC?)
Varun: It's OK, but it is too big.
(¶«í¬ØË ÖçC. é¬F Åçü¿’™ ÖçúË¢√∞¡x Ææçë‰u¢Á÷
ûªèπ◊\´– É™‰x¢Á÷ Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´ ´’çCéÀ ÆæJ-§Ú-
ßË’çûª °ü¿lC– Åçü¿’-´©x ≤˘éπ®Ωuç éπçõ‰ É•sçüË
áèπ◊\´ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.)
3) Too Åçõ‰ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ≤ƒüµ¿u-´’ßË’u ü∆E-éπØ√o
áèπ◊\´ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
a) He is too clever for a boy his age =
ÅûªúÕ ´ßª’Ææ’q °œ©x-©-éπçõ‰ Åûªúø’ î√™« ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√úø’.
(Åûª-úÕéÀ ´ßª’Ææ’èπ◊ N’ç*† ûÁL-N-ûË-ô-©’-Ø√o®·.)
b) She is too tall for a girl her age =
Ç ´ßª’Ææ’ Å´÷t-®·© éπçõ„ ´’K §Òúø’-í∫’ç-ü∆ Å´÷t®·.
c) She is too red for an Asian =
´÷´‚-©’í¬ ÇƜߪ÷ ¢√Ææ’©’ Öçúø-†çûª áv®Ωí¬ Öçü∆¢Á’.
4) Too †’ éÌClí¬ Å®Ωnç ûËú≈ûÓ É™« èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç:
a) She is too young for marriage =
´÷´‚©’ °Rx ´ßª’-Ææ’èπ◊ Ç¢Á’ ´ßª’Ææ’ ´’K ûªèπ◊\´.
°Sxúø’èπ◊ î√™« ûªèπ◊\´ = She is too young to
be married/ to get married.
b) He is too fat to walk fast-
Éô’-´çöÀ sentences ™ ´uA-Í®-鬮Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.
-Ñ -¢√é¬u-EéÀ -Å®Ωnç=
Åûª†’ ûªy®Ωí¬ †úø-´-™‰-†çûª ™«´¤.
c) She is too young to understand all this =
ÉN Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-†çûª *†o °œ©x Ç Å´÷t®·.
d) In the past children were married off when
they were too young to understand what
marriage was =
í∫ûªç™ °∞¡xçõ‰ àN’ö Å®Ωnç-é¬E *†o ´ßª’-
Ææ’™ØË °œ©x-©èπ◊ °Rx∞¡Ÿx îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
5) äéÓ\-≤ƒJ too †’ positive meaning ûÓ éÀçC
sentences ™ ™«í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.
a) Pavan: Are you ready for this job?
Ñ ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ †’´¤y Æœü¿l¥-¢Ë’Ø√?
Vinod: I shall be only too glad to accept it.
ü∆Eo Æ‘yéπ-Jç-îªôç Ø√èπ◊ î√™«
ÆæçûÓ≠æç/ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬
b) He will be only too pleased to assist you=
Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-°æ-úøôç Åûª-úÕéÀ î√™« ÆæçûÓ≠æç.
c) She'll be too ready to leave the place =
Ééπ\-úÕ-†’ç* ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûª’çC/ ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-E-éÀ
-á-°æ¤púø÷ Æœü¿l¥¢Ë’.
6) Too †’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ éÀçC Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
a) It is too much for him =
ÅC Åûªúø’ îËߪ’-™‰-†çûª éπ≠dçæ / ¶µºJç-îª-™‰-†çûª
v¨¡´’/ ¶«üµ¿.
b) Working for such long hours is too much
for the boys =
ÅEo í∫çô©’ °æE-îË-ߪ’ôç ¢√∞¡Ÿx îËߪ’-™‰E/
¶µºJç-îª-™‰E v¨¡´’– (°œ©x©’ 鬕öÀd.)
c) This question is too much for the little girl.
Ç *†o°œ©xèπ◊ ï¢√•’ îÁ°æp-™‰-†çûª éπ≠d-¢æ Á’i† v°æ-¨¡o
-É-C.
-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 8 -V-™„j 2006
Now look at the following sentences from
the conversation between Akhila and
Nikhila at the beginning of the lesson:
1) She is too weak to move about.
2) She is taking too many drugs perhaps.
3) She hates them too much to take them
regularly.
4) But isn't it too expensive and too far off a
place?
5) Mom is too impatient.
6) She feels it too long.
7) I've stayed here too long.






1) She is too weak to move about =
Ç¢Á’ éπü¿-©-™‰-†çûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ ÖçC =
She is so weak that she cannot move about.
2) She is taking too many drugs perhaps =
•£æ›-¨» -´’ç-ü¿’-©’ ´’K áèπ◊\´ (îÁúø’ ïJ-Ííçûª)
BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-öç-üË¢Á÷
Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ É™« èπÿú≈ too ¢√úøû√ç.
a) You are a minute too late =
†’´¤y äéπ\ EN’≠æç Ç©-Ææu-´’-ߪ÷u´¤.
(äéπ\ EN’≠æç ´·çü¿’-´-açõ‰ F°æE ÅßË’uC)
b) This passenger is one too many for the
bus. Bus is full. It can't take even one
more.
(Ñ äéπ\ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úË áèπ◊\´. •Ææqçû√ EçúÕ-
§Ú-®·çC. Éçéπ äéπ\-JéÀ èπÿú≈ îÓô’-™‰ü¿’)
3) She hates them too much to take them
regularly =
Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ç ´’çü¿’-©†’ véπ´’ç-ûª-°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´-úø-
´’çõ‰ ÅE≠ædç./ Ç ÅE-≠dçæ -´©x Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’iØ√ Ç
´’çü¿’©’ BÆæ’-éÓü¿’. ÉC sentence no.1 ™«í¬ØË
ÖçC îª÷úøçúÕ.
4) But isn't it too expensive and too far off a
place? =
ÅC ´’†ç ¶µºJç-îª-™‰-†çûª êK-üÁjçD, ¢Á∞¡x-™‰-†çûª
ü¿÷®Ω´‚ é¬ü∆?
It's too expensive =
´’K êK-üÁ-èπ◊\´ (؈’ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’)
It's too far off (´’K ü¿÷®Ωç áèπ◊\´, ؈’ ¢Á∞¡x-™‰†’)
5) Mom is too impatient =
´÷ Å´’t ´’K ÅÆæ-£æ«-†çí¬ ÖçC. (Åéπ\úø Öçúø-
™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûÓçC)
6) She feels it too long =
´’K áèπ◊\´é¬©-´’E ņ’-èπ◊ç-öçC. (Öçúø-™‰-éπ-
§Ú-ßË’çûª)
7) I have stayed here too long =
Å´-ûª© °æ†’çúÕ èπÿú≈ î√™« áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ-°æ¤Ø√o–
Öçúø-èπÿ-úø-†çûª ÊÆ°æ¤Ø√o.
éÀçC Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ πÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ:
a) The box is too heavy for me =
the box is so heavy that I cannot lift it =
؈’ áûªh-™‰-†çûª •®Ω’´¤í¬ Öçü∆-°õ„d.
b) The TV is too costly for me =
The TV is so costly that I can't buy it.
؈’ é̆-™‰-†çûª êK-ü¿-®·çü∆ öÃO.
II
Swarna: Hi Rajitha, get dressed and get ready
to go out.
(•ôd©’ ´÷®Ω’aéÓ, •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ -ûª-ߪ÷®Ω´¤y)
Kamala: What is Swarna saying, Rajitha?
(Ææy®Ωg à´’ç-öçD?)
Rajitha: She is telling me to get dressed and
get ready to go.
(•ôd©’ ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊E •ßª’-ô-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´-
´’E Ææy®Ωg Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ÚhçC)
Swarna: Go to the market and get some veg-
etables. There aren't any left.
(Market èπ◊ -¢Á-R} èπÿ®Ω-í¬-ߪ’©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊®√.
Éçöx àç ™‰´¤.)
Kamala: Don't you hear, Rajitha? Swarna is
telling you to go to the market and get
vegetables
(NE-°œç-îª-™‰ü∆, ®Ω>û√? Market èπ◊ -¢Á-R}
èπÿ®Ω©’ ûÁ´’tE îÁ§ÚhçC éπü∆?)
Rajitha: What do you mean? (àçôç-ô’-Ø√o¢˛?)
Kamala: You have heard what Swarna has
said. So do what she says.
(NØ√o´¤ éπü∆ Ææy®Ωg îÁ°œpçC. ûª†’ îÁ°œp-†ô’x
îÁ®·u.)
Rajitha: Are you both telling me to go to the
market and get vegetables? Kamala,
are you telling me to do what she says?
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Compare the following pair of sentences
from the conversation above:
a) Swarna: Rajitha, get dressed and get
ready to start.
(•ôd©’ ´÷®Ω’aéÓ, •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω´‹y)
b) Rajitha: She (Swarna) is telling me to get
dressed and get ready to start.
(•ôd©’ ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊E •ßª’-ô-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´-´’E
Ææy®Ωg Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ÚhçC)
sentence (a) ™ ´’†ç îª÷ÊÆC: Ææy®Ωg, ®Ω>-ûª†’
ÖüËl-Pç* ØË®Ω’ (direct) í¬, ´·êûª” ®Ω>-ûªûÓ îÁÊ°p
N≠æߪ’ç.
sentence (b) ™ ´’†ç îª÷ÊÆC: ®Ω>ûª, Ææy®Ωg
ûª†ûÓ Å†o-´÷-ô-©†’, ûª† ´÷ô™x éπ´’-©èπ◊
îÁ°æpôç/ report îËߪ’ôç.
sentence (a) direct í¬ Ææy®Ωg ®Ω>-ûªûÓ Å†o
-´÷-ô©’. 鬕öÀd ÅC Direct speech.
sentence (b) ®Ω>ûª, ûª† ´÷ô™x Ææy®Ωg- ´÷-ô-©†’
éπ´’-©èπ◊ report îËߪ’ôç 鬕öÀd ÅC Reported
(Indirect) speech.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 183
-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 10 -V-™„j 2006
3 a) Kamala (to Rajitha): Don't stand there.
(´’†-Lo-ü¿çû√ Ç°æ-´’F, ûª†’ ´’† servant ņ’-
Get going (Direct speech- E™a-éπ™«,
éÓ-´-ü¿lF, É≠ædç ´*a-†ô’x Çïc-L-´y-ü¿lF ®Ω>ûª imperative
•ßª’-™‰l®Ω’) Çïc™« ÖçC 鬕öÀd
ÅçöçC Indirect speech) sentence.
5 a) Swarna to Rajitha: Don't be angry. Take a
3 b) îª÷úøçúÕ – ÉC Kamala, Ææy®Ωg ´÷ôLo report-
joke. enjoy it, girl
ed speech ™ îÁ°æpôç: Kamala is telling you
( Joke Direct speech)
éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊. †’ džç-Cç– not to stand there but get going. Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈
b) Kamala: Swarna has told you not to be Kamala, Ææy®Ωg -´÷-ô©´·çü¿’, to ¢√úÕçC – to
angry, to take a joke and enjoy it stand there... Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø direct speech
(Swarna îÁ°œpçC éπü∆ éÓ°æp-úÌ-ü¿lF, joke †’ ™ Don't (do not) ÅE not ÖçC 鬕öÀd,
reported speech ™, not to ÅE ´Ææ’hçC.
džç-Cç-îª-´’F– Reported speech)
°j sentences ™ 1 (a) 2 (a), 2 (b) , 3 (a) a) Suseel: Make good use of your time,
4 (a), 5 (a) - É´Fo direct speech ™ ÖØ√o®·. Sumant. (Sumant, F Ææ´’-ߪ÷Eo
Direct speech
Sentences 1 (b), 3 (b), 4 (b) and 5 (b) - É´Fo ÆæCy-E-ßÁ÷í∫ç îËÆæ’éÓ
reported (Indirect) speech ™ ÖØ√o®·. éπü∆.)

Swarna is telling ...

(Éü¿l®Ω÷ ††’o market ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’
ûÁ´’tçö«®√? éπ´’™«, ûªØËç îËߪ’-´’ç-ô’çüÓ
ÅC îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«¢√?
Swarna: And cook too. (´çô èπÿú≈ îÁ®·u)
Kamala: Don't stand there. Get going. Swarna
has told you to cook too.
(Å™« E™aèπ◊. °æE é¬F. Ææy®Ω-g -´ç-ô èπÿ-ú≈
-îÁ-ߪ’u-´’ç--öç-C.)
Get going= •ßª’-™‰l®Ω’/ °æE-é¬F, etc.
Swarna: Why are you still here? Kamala is
telling you not to stand there but get
going.
(àçöÀçé¬ Ééπ\-úø’-Ø√o¢˛? Kamala îÁ°œpç-C-
éπü∆, Å™« E™a-´-ü¿lF, •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-´’E.)
Rajitha: Stop it. Don't think I am your servant.
Don't order me about, you stupids.
(Ç°æçúÕ. ؈’ O’ servant ņ’-éÓ-éπçúÕ.
Ø√èπ◊ Çïc-L-´y-éπçúÕ, ´‚®Ω’^-™«x®√?)
Swarna: Look, Kamala, she is telling us to stop
it and not to think she is our servant.
She is telling us further not to order
her about.
(éπ´’™« îª÷úø÷, Éü¿çû√ Ç°æ-´’E, ûª††’
servant í¬ Å†’-éÓ-´-ü¿lF, Çïc©’ ñ«K-
îË-ßÁ·-ü¿lF ÅçöçC.)
Kamala: Come now, Rajitha. Don't be angry.
We have just been joking. Please
don't think we are serious.
(Rajitha, éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊. ÜJ-éπØË joke
îËÆæ’hØ√oç. ¢Ë’ç serious í¬ ÅØ√o-´’E
ņ’-éÓèπ◊. ÜJÍé EØ√o-ô-°æ-öÀdç-î√-´’çûË)
Rajitha: You've carried the joke too far.
(O’ joke ÅAí¬ ÖçC)
Swarna: Come, come, don't be angry. Take a
joke. Enjoy it, girl.
(éÓ°æp-úøèπÿ. Joke í¬ BÆæ’éÓ. †’´¤y èπÿú≈
ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æúø’.)
Kamala: You still look angry. Swarna has told
you to take joke and not to be angry
but enjoy it. Come laugh it off.
(Éçé¬ éÓ°æçí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. Ææy®Ωg îÁ°œpçC
éπü∆ Åçû√ joke í¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-´’F, éÓ°æp-úÌ-ü¿lF,
†’´¤y èπÿú≈ enjoy îÁߪ’u-´’E. †¢ËyÆœ Ü®Ω’éÓ)
Rajitha: OK. I excuse you. I will have my turn too.
(Å™«Íí. N’´’tLo éπ~N’-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. Ø√èπÿ
´Ææ’hçC Å´-鬨¡ç. Å°æ¤púø’ îÁ§ƒh.)
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
Look at the following too: 1) Swarna: Hi Rajitha, get dressed and get Indirect, Suseel is telling Sumant to
1 Swarna (to Rajitha): ready to go out. make good use of his time.
Go to the market and ÉC Direct speech ™ ÖçC éπü∆. 'Get dressed b) Suseel: Don't waste your time, Sumant
get some vegetables and get ready to go out - Ñ ´÷ô©’ (Direct speech - Imperative - Don't =
(Market ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’ °ævö«– Imperative sentence - Åçõ‰ äéπ-JE Çñ«c-°œçîË/ do not ûÓ ÖçC)
Direct speech éπü∆?) Ŷµºu-JnçîË (request)/ äéπ °æE îËߪ’-´’E ÅúÕÍí
Reported speech: Suseel is telling
Kamala: Swarna is telling sentence †’ imperative sentence Åçö«ç.
M. SURESAN sumant not to waste his time.
you to go to the market Swarna, ®Ω>-ûª†’ •ôd-©’- ´÷-®Ω’aéÓ, •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ
4 a) Rajitha (To Swarna and Kamala): Stop it.
and get some vegetables Æœü¿l¥çí¬ Öçúø÷ ÅE Åúø’-í∫’-ûÓçC/ ü∆ü∆°æ¤
Çñ«c°œ≤ÚhçC. 鬕öÀd 'Get dressed and go out', Don't think I am your servant.
(Market ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’ ûÁ´’tE Ææy®Ωg ÅçöçC FûÓ)
(ÉC Kamala report îË≤ÚhçC 鬕öÀd reported imperative sentence Å´¤-ûª’çC. Imperative Don't order me about. (Direct
speech) sentence †’ direct †’ç* reported (indirect) speech-imperative with don't = do
2. a) Kamala (to Rajitha) ... Do what she
èπ◊ ´÷®√a-©çõ‰, Ç imperative ´·çü¿’, to not)
(Swarna) Says.
îË®Ωa-ô¢Ë’. Åçõ‰, b) É¢Ë ´÷ô-©†’ Swarna reported speech ™
Swarna: Hi Rajitha, get dressed and get Kamala èπ◊: She is telling us to stop it, not
(Ææy®Ωg -îÁ-°œpçC îÁ®·u– Direct speech éπü∆?)
ready to go out - to think she is our servant and not to order
b) Rajitha (To Swarna and Kamala)
DEéÀ reported speech: her about. (Reported speech beginning
Are you both telling me to go to market
Swarna is telling/ asking (tells/ asks) Rajitha with 'not to', because of don't in Direct
and get vegetables? Kamala, Are you
to get dressed and get ready to go out. speech)
telling me to do what she says? (Direct
í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆get dressed and get ready to
speech) Orders, requests, asking
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆: ûÁLÊ°
go out to
´·çü¿’, °ö«dç. ÅçûË-éπü∆.So, imper-
(††’o Market ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’ ûÁ´’tç-ô’-Ø√o®√? imperative sentence, direct speech ™ Öçõ‰,
ative sentence indirect speech éÀ ´÷®√a-©çõ‰, ü∆Eo report to
îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç,
'to'
éπ´’™«, Ææy®Ωg îÁ°œpçC îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«¢√ ††’o?) ü∆E´·çü¿’ °õ‰d≤ƒhç.
3 a) Kamala (To Rajitha): Don't stand there. don't not to
Öçõ‰ ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.
Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç – say ûª®√yûª infini-
Get going. (Direct speech) Å™« E™aèπ◊, tive ( to go, to come, to sing ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’) a) Kamal: Krishna have something to eat.
•ßª’-™‰l®Ω’) ®√ü¿E. Tell/ ask °æéπ\† infinitive ´Ææ’hçC. Direct speech - imperative.
Swarna is telling you to cook too Åçü¿’-éπE reported speech ™ tell (some- Kamal is asking Krishna to have
(Reported speech - Ææy®Ωg E†’o ´çô èπÿú≈ body)/ Ask (somebody) + Infinitive ´Ææ’hçC, something to eat - Reported speech
îËߪ’-´’ç-öçC) Imperative †’ Reported speech èπ◊ ´÷Ja- b) Teacher: Don't read such books. (Direct
b) Swarna: Kamala is telling you not to †-°æ¤úø’. speech- Begins with don't)
stand there but get going. Look at the other pairs of sentences from
Teacher is telling (the students)
the conversation.
(Å™« E™a-´-ü¿lF, •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-´’E éπ´’© îÁ§ÚhçC not to read such books.
FûÓ – Reported speech) 1 a) Swarna (to Rajitha): Go to the market and
Ñ Â°j examples ™ -à Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù©’ á°æ¤púø’
4 a) Rajitha (to Swarna & Kamala): Stop it. get some vegetables (market
ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√oßÁ÷ correct í¬ ûÁL-ߪ’ô癉ü¿’ 鬕öÀd
Don't think I am your servant. Don't order Imperative sentence)
BÆæ’-èπ◊®√ – ÉC
me about (Direct speech) DEéÀ Reported speech, DE-éÀç-ü¿ØË éπ´’© ´’†ç Indirect (reported) speech ™ à tense
Å®·Ø√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
(Ç°æçúÕ, ؈’ O’ servant ņ’-éÓ-éπçúÕ. O’ É≠ædç ´÷ô™x 1 (b) îª÷úøçúÕ.
´*a-†ô’x Çïc©’ É´y-éπçúÕ – Direct speech) Swarna is telling you to go to the market °j È®çúø’ examples ™, Reported speech ™,
is asking/ is telling •ü¿’©’ has asked/ asked/
b) Swarna: She is telling us to stop it and not and get some vegetables
Kamala, Swarna reported has told/ told èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
to think she is our servant. She is further îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆, ´÷ôLo
telling us not to order her about. (Indirect speech -™ -îÁ°æpôç– Ç ´÷ô© ´·çü¿’ 'to' ´îËa- That is how we change imperative into indi-
speech) ÆœçC–She is telling you to go to the market... rect speech.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II
éÀçü¿öÀ lesson 1st sample of direct
™ ´’†ç
speech and reported speech Direct
îª÷¨»ç.
and reported speech ņ-í¬ØË ´’†èπ◊ í∫’®Ìh-îËaC,
Quotations/ Inverted commas (" "), ¢√öÀ ™°æ©
Ö†o sentence verb/ verbs quo-
¶µ«í∫ç, Åçü¿’™
tations •ßª’ô Ö†overb ™«çöÀN. Å®·ûË ´’†ç
columns
Ééπ\úø í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-LqçC, Ñ ™ ´’†ç
îËÆæ’hçC Spoken English practice. Åçõ‰
English quotations,
´÷ö«x-úøôç. ´÷ö«x-úË-ô°æ¤púø’
Åçü¿’™¶µ«í∫ç, ü∆E -•-ߪ’öÀ¶µ«í∫ç ™«çöÀN Öçúø´¤
éπü∆. Spoken English ™ ´’†ç í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lqç-
ü¿™«x, ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ´uéÀh È®çúÓ ´uéÀhûÓ îÁÊ°p ´÷ô©’
direct speech. ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ´uéÀh îÁ°œp† N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo
È®çúÓ ´uéÀh ûª† ´÷ô™x ÉçéÓ ´uéÀhéÀ îÁ°æpôç/
report îËߪ’ôç, reported speech.
Conversation/ Spoken English practice îËÊÆ-ô-
°æ¤púø’ Ñ N≠æߪ’ç í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√L. Quotations,
reported verb ™«çöÀ
¢√öÀéÓÆæç ¢Áûªéπç.
Reporting verb Åçõ‰ reported speech v§ƒ®Ωç-
Gµç-îË-´·çü¿’ ¢√úË tell, ask, request, order,
advise, hope ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd ´’†¢Ë’
áç°œéπ îËÆæ’èπ◊ç-ö«ç. English ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’
¢√úËC reported speech 鬕öÀd, ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-
¢√-Lqç-ü¿-™«x äéπ ´uéÀh ņo N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ÉçéÌ-éπ-JéÀ
Ææp≠ædçí¬ á™« NE-°œç-î√L ÅØËC ´÷vûª¢Ë’. ÉüË-éπü∆,
´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ Swarna, Rajitha and
Kamala conversation ™ îª÷ÆœçC. Å™«Íí prac-
tice îËü∆lç. Ééπ îªü¿-´çúÕ.
She requested him to ..
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 184
I. Naveen: Leave your book with me. You take
my book and return it tomorrow.
(F °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eoéπ\úø Öç. †’´¤y Ø√
°æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo BÆæ’-èπ◊E Í®°æ¤ AJ-T´¤y)
Ramani: Please let me have both the books.
(È®çúÕç-öÀF BÆæ’-éÓ-E´¤y)
Naveen: OK. Take both of them but make sure
that you return them the day after.
(ÆæÍ®, È®çúø÷ BÆæ’éÓ, Å®·ûË á©’xç-úÕéÀ
éπ*a-ûªçí¬ AJ-T-îËaß˝’)
Ramani: Please allow me to keep them for at
least three days.
(éπFÆæç ´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©Ø√o Öç-éÓ-E´¤y)
Teacher: Stop talking, both of you.
(O’J-ü¿l®Ω÷ ´÷ö«x-úø-éπçúÕ)
Naveen and Ramani: Don't be angry, sir.
Excuse us this once.
(éÓ°æp-úø-èπ◊çú≈ ´’´’t-Lo Ñ äéπ\-≤ƒ-JéÀ
éπ~N’ç-îªçúÕ ≤ƒ®˝)
Teacher: Concentrate on the lesson. Keep your
mouths shut or get out of the class.
(§ƒ®∏Ωç O’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd °ôdçúÕ. ØÓ®Ω’ -´‚-Ææ’-
éÓçúÕ ™‰ü∆ •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-Rx-§ÚçúÕ)
Naveen: Please, don't be cross, sir.
(ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ éÓ°æp-úø-éπçúÕ ≤ƒ®˝)
Teacher: Be silent, then (
Å®·ûË E¨¡z-•lçí¬ ÖçúøçúÕ)
Naveen: OK. Sir. (Å™«Íí ≤ƒ®˝)
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
II. Mahesh: Why was the teacher angry with
Naveen and Ramani?
(Naveen, Ramani O’ü¿ teacher
áçü¿’èπ◊ éÓ°æç ´*açC?)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 13 -V-™„j 2006
Rakesh: They were talking. Naveen told
Ramani to leave her book with him,
and to take his book and return it the
next day.
(¢√∞¡Ÿx ´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Ç¢Á’ °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo
ûª†-éÀ*a, ûª† °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo BÆæ’-èπ◊E, ´’®Ω’-ÆæöÀ
®Ó>-´y-´’E †OØ˛ ®Ω´’-ùÀûÓ ÅØ√oúø’.)
Mahesh: I heard Ramani's words. She request-
ed him to let her have both the books.
(®Ω´’ùÀ ´÷ô©’ ؈’ NØ√o†’. È®çúø’ °æ¤Ææh-
鬩÷ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡x-E-´y-´’E Ŷµºu-Jnç-*çC) Å™«é¬èπ◊çú≈ éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ ™«í¬ á°æ¤púø’
Rakesh: Naveen then told her to take both of ïJ-T† Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù†’ Å°æ¤púË report îËÊÆh tell/ ask/
them but to make sure she returned
them the day after next.
request/ order/ wish ™«çöÀ verbs†’ I Regular -Ñ passage †’ Report îËߪ’çúÕ
doing word/ II Regular doing word/ am+ing,
(Å°æ¤púø’ È®çúø’ °æ¤Ææh-鬩÷ BÂÆ\-∞¡}-´’F, is+ing, are+ing/ have+pp/ has+pp (past par- (English ™ Gí∫_-®Ωí¬).
éπ*a-ûªçí¬ á©’xçúÕ (È®çvúÓ-V© ûª®√yûª) ticiple) form begin
™ îË≤ƒhç.) Kowmudi: F birthday Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ´îËa-
AJ-T-´y-´’F, Naveen ®Ω´’-ùÀûÓ ÅØ√oúø’.) °j† †OØ˛èπÿ ®Ω´’ùÀéà í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† Ææ綵«-≠æ- ¢√®Ωç ††’o ÆœE´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’ÈéRx
Mahesh: I was sitting next to Ramani. So I ù†’ ´’Ê£«≠ˇ, ®Ω¢Ë’≠ˇ reported speech ™
dinner É´¤y.
heard her. She requested him to îÁ°æ¤h-Ø√o®Ω’. Direct speech †’ç* reported èπ◊ Kavitha: †’´¤y punctual í¬ ´÷ Éç-öÀéÀ
allow her to keep them for at least ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’, Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd éÀçC ´÷®Ω’p©’
three days.
´’üµ∆u£æ«oç 2:30 èπ◊ ®√.
èπÿú≈ îË≤ƒhç.
Kowmudi: Ø√èπ◊ ÆæJí¬_ Ç®ÓV È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ
(®Ω´’ùÀ °æéπ\ØË èπÿØ√o. Ç¢Á’ îÁ°œpçC DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
؈’ NØ√o, éπFÆæç ´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©Ø√o I, You(-ØË-†’, †’´¤y) He, She
í∫’®Ω’h-îË®·, ؈’ ®√èπ◊çú≈ Öçõ‰
Öç-éÓ-E-´y-´’-E ®Ω´’ùÀ ÅúÕ-TçC.) We, You (-¢Ë’-´·, -´’-†ç, O’®Ω’) They îª÷úø’.
Me, You (-Ø√èπ◊, -†-†’o, Fèπ◊, E†’o) Him, her Kavitha: ´îËa-ô°æ¤púø’ O’ îÁ™„xLo èπÿú≈
Rakesh: Then the teacher ordered them both
to stop talking. Us (´’†Lo, ´’†èπ◊/ -´’-´’t-Lo, ´÷èπ◊) Them BÆæ’-èπ◊®√!
(Teacher ¢√∞¡xE ´÷ö«x-úøôç Ç°æ-´’E You (O’èπ◊) Them Kowmudi: ´÷ îÁ™„xL N≠æߪ’ç °æöÀdç--éÓèπ◊.
Çïc-°œç-î√úø’.) My, Your (-Ø√, F) His/ Her ™‰ü¿çõ‰ †’¢Ëy -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îËÆœ ü∆Eo
°œ©’´¤.
Kavitha: Ç N≠æߪ’ç Ø√éÌ-C-™„ß˝’.
†’´‹y-JÍé ûª†ûÓ îÁ°æ¤p.
Kowmudi: Å™«Íí.
ANSWER
t Kowmudi asks/ asked Kavitha to take
Mahesh: Then both of her to a movie and give her a dinner on
Our, Your (-´÷, -´’-†, O’) Their her birthday next week.
them request-
Mine, Yours (-Ø√-C, FC) His/ Her
ed the teacher t Kavitha asks/ asked Kowmudi to go
Ours, Yours (--´÷-C, O’C) Theirs
not to be angry
and to excuse
This (
These (
-É-C)
-É-N)
That
Those
home to Kavitha exactly at 2.30
t Kowmudi then tells/ told Kavitha to
them that once. Today, Yesterday, Tomorrow That day, The remind her at 2 that day and see if she
(¢√∞¡x-°æ¤púø’ éÓ°æp-úø- day before, The (Kowmudi) doesn't/ wouldn't come.
´-ü¿lE, Ñ≤ƒ-JéÀ M. SURESAN next day ´®Ω-Ææí¬ t Kavitha asks/ asked Kowmudi to bring
éπ~N’ç-îª-´’E Now Then her sister along.
teacher †’ Ŷµºu-Jnç-î √®Ω’ ) Important:
t Kowmudi then tells/ told Kavitha to
°j ´÷®Ω’p-©Fo Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo•-öÀd
Rakesh: The teacher was still angry. He îËߪ÷-Lq† ´÷®Ω’p™‰. ÅüË °æEí¬ îËߪ÷-Lq† leave her sister alone or call her her-
ordered them to concentrate on the Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. ´·êuçí¬ English ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-†o- self.
lesson, to keep their mouths shut or to °æ¤púø’. É°æ¤púø’ O’JçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:
t Kavitha then tells/ told her to leave the
get out. †OØ˛, ®Ω´’ùÀ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ùçû√, imperative (Çïc©’, matter to her, and just to tell her sister
(Teacher Éçé¬ éÓ°æçí¬ ÖØ√oúø’, ¢√∞¡x†’ Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©÷ ûÁLÊ° sentences- 鬕öÀd
of it.
lesson O’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd °ôd-´’F, ØÓ®Ω’´‚Ææ’éÓ- reported speech, to + 1st Regular doing word
lesson t Kowmudi said OK.
´’E ™‰ü∆ •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡}-´’F -Å-Ø√o-úø’.) ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç– éÀçü¿öÀ ™ îª÷Æœ-†ô’x.)
direct
†O-Ø˛èπ◊, ®Ω´’-ùÀéÀ ïJ-T† Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù†’,
Naveen then requested/ pleaded with
speech indirect speech
™, ™ éÀç-ü¿ °æ-öÀdéπ-™
the teacher again not to be cross.
îª÷úøçúÕ.
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Observe: I) The conversation between
1. Naveen (to Ramani): Leave your books µ Naveen told Ramani to
(ÉC í∫ûªç 鬕öÀd)
Naveen and Ramani, and II)
with me. You take the other book and return leave her book with him and take his book
Mahesh and Rakesh reporting the it tomorrow. and return it the next day.
conversation between Naveen and 2. Ramani (to Naveen): Please let me have µ She (Ramani) requested him to let her have
Ramani. both the books. both the books.
O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’– Part I ™ †OØ˛, ®Ω´’ùÀ 3. Naveen (to Ramani): Take both of them µ Naveen then told her to take both of them
Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù†’, Part II ™ Mahesh, Rakesh and make sure that you return them the day but to make sure she returned them the day
reported (indirect) speech ™ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´ôç. after. after.
ÉC èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Part II ™, ´’Ê£«≠ˇ 4. Ramani (to Naveen): Please allow me to µ She (Ramani) requested him to allow her to
keep them for at least three days. keep them for at least three days.
®√Íé-≠ˇ†’ ÅúÕ-T† ¢Á·ü¿öÀ v°æ¨¡o: Why was the
teacher angry with Naveen and Ramani? 5. Teacher (to Ramani & Naveen): Stop talk- µ The teacher ordered them both to stop talking.
ing both of you. µ Both of them (Naveen and Ramani) request-
Åçõ‰, Éçü¿’™ was ´©x ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’h†o
N≠æߪ’ç: †OØ˛, ®Ω´’-ùÀ© Ææ綵«-≠æù í∫ûªç™ 6. Naveen & Ramani (to teacher): Don't be ed the teacher not to be angry and excuse
angry, sir. Excuse us this once. them that once.
ïJ-Tç-ü¿E, Ç N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo°æ¤púø’ Mahesh, Rakesh
7. Teacher (to Naveen and Ramani): µ He (the teacher) ordered them to concen-
v°æ≤ƒh-N-Ææ’h-Ø√o-®ΩE. Concentrate on the lesson. Keep your trate on the lesson, to keep their mouths
É™« í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù†’ reported mouths shut or get out of the class shut or get out of the class.
èπ◊ speech èπ◊ ´÷®√a-©çõ‰, told, requested, 8. Naveen (to Teacher): Please, sir, don't be µ Naveen then requested/ pleaded with the
ordered ÅE Past doing word ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. cross with us. teacher not to be cross with them.
-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 15 -V-™„j 2006
Pridhvi: Hi Akash, I am very happy today.
Akash: Are you, really? Why so?
(Å´¤Ø√? áçü¿’éÓ?)
Pridhvi: My exam results are out and I have
passed with a very high score.
(
Ø√ exam results ´î√a®·. ؈’ î√™«
´’ç*´÷®Ω’\-©ûÓ pass Åߪ÷u†’)
Akash: Congrats. That makes me really
happy. You owe me and Varun a treat.
(Congrats. ÅC ††’o î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-®Ω’-
≤ÚhçC. †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊, ´®Ω’ù˝èπ◊ NçC-¢√yL.)
Treat- Nçü¿’; Owe- ¶«éà Öçúøôç.
He owes me Rs.100 = Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ®Ω÷.100 ¶«éÃ
He owes his greatness to his father =
(ÅûªúÕ íÌ°æpûªØ√-EéÀ ¢√∞¡x Ø√ØËo 鬮Ωùç)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 185
Pridhvi: Who is coming here? Oh, it is Varun.
(á´®Ω’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√®Ω’? ã... ´®Ω’ù˝.)
Varun: I heard you both talking about results
and treat. What is it?
(O’J-ü¿l®Ω÷ àüÓ results, treat í∫’Jç*
´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. àçôC?)
Akash: Pridhvi has just told me that his exam
results are out and that he has passed
with a high score (ûª†exam results
´î√a-ߪ’F, ûª†’ ´’ç* marks passûÓ
Pridhvi
Åߪ÷u-†F É°æ¤púË Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ƒpúø’.)
Varun: That's great. Congrats Pridhvi. How
about a treat then? (î√™« íÌ°æp
Congrats.
N≠æߪ’ç. treat ( dinner)
´’J
´÷õ‰-N’öÀ?)
Pridhvi: Akash has said that it really makes him
happy and that I owe you and him a
treat. I am ready. Just fix the date and
time.
(ÅC ¢√úÕE î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°-úø’-ûÓç-
ü¿F, ؈’ ûª†èπÿ, Fèπÿ ã treat (dinner)
É¢√y-©F Çé¬≠ˇ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çüË ÅØ√oúø’. ؈’
ready. Date, time O’®Ω’ E®Ωg-®·ç-îªçúÕ)
Akash: Varun, you have heard what Pridhvi
has said. He is telling us that he is
ready, and to fix the date and time for
the dinner. (´®Ω’ù˝, NØ√o-´¤í¬. °æ%Cµy àç
treat
îÁ§ƒpúÓ. ¢√úÕîËa
time E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-´’-Ø√oúø’)
date,
èπ◊ ´’†Lo
Pridhvi: Mom's calling me. I'll be back in a
minute. You decide and let me know
where to go and when to go and I will
take you there and then. Don't bother
about the expenses.
(´÷ Å´’t
°œ©’≤ÚhçC. *öÀ-Èé™ AJ-íÌ≤ƒh. á°æ¤púø’,
áéπ\úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x™ O’®Ω’ E®Ωg-®·ç* Ø√èπ◊
îÁ°æpçúÕ. Åéπ\-úÕéÀ BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞¡û√. ê®Ω’a©
í∫’Jç* °æöÀdç--éÓ-éπçúÕ)
DIRECT SPEECH
1. Akash (To Pridhvi): That makes me really
happy. You owe me and Varun a treat
2. Pridhvi (To Varun & Akash): I am ready.
Just fix the date and time. - I am ready -
ÉC
statement. Just fix the date and time - ÉC
imperative
3. Pridhvi (To Akash & Varun): You decide
and let me to know where to go and when to
go and I will take you there and then.
''You decide and let me know......to go..."
ÉC
imperative.
I will take you there- ÉC statement.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ II
Varun: Have you heard what he has said? He
has told us to decide and let him know
where to go and when to go and he
will take us there. He has told us too
not to bother about expenses. How
generous he is!
(¢√úË-´’-Ø√oúÓ NØ√o¢√? á°æ¤p-úø’ áéπ\úÕÈé∞«x™
´’†ç E®Ωg®·ç* ¢√úÕûÓ îÁGûË ¢√úø’ ´’†Lo Åéπ\-
úÕéÀ BÆæ’èπ◊-¢Á∞¡-û√-†E ÅØ√oúø’. ê®Ω’a© N≠æߪ’ç
°æöÀdç--éÓ-´-ü¿lE èπÿú≈ ÅØ√oúø’. íÌ°æp Öü∆-®Ω’úË!)
Akash: He is back. Pridhvi it will be tomorrow. Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ ´’†ç Imperative sentences -†’, statements †÷ Reported (Indirect) speech ™éÀ ´÷®Ωaôç
We will to go the matinee show of (Report îËߪ’ôç) ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. ´’J-éÌEo examples îª÷ü∆lç:
Chilipi and then have a dinner at DIRECT INDIRECT (REPORTED)
Shadrasa restaurant. (°æ%Cµy ´îËa-¨»úø’. 1. Rama Rao: Wait here till I come back. t Rama Rao asks his son to wait there till he
°æ%Cµy, Í®°æ¤ ´’†ç *L°œ ´÷uöÃo -≥Ú èπ◊ ¢ÁRx, (؈’ AJ-íÌîËa´®Ωèπ◊ Ééπ\úË Öçúø’.) comes back.
≠ævúøÆæ restaurant ™ dinner îËü∆lç) (Imperative) Vinai asks/ requests his father to come back
Pridhvi: That's OK, then. Vinai: Please come back early, dad. I am early. He says that he is hungry.
Now look at the part hungry. (ûª†’ AJ-íÌîËa´®Ωèπ◊ Åéπ\úË Öçúø-´’E éÌúø’èπ◊ûÓ
(ûªy®Ωí¬ ®√ -Ø√-Ø√-o, Ø√èπ◊ ÇéπLí¬
of the conversation ÖçC.) (Imperative + statement) ®√´÷-®√´¤ Åçô’-Ø√oúø’. N†ß˝’ ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o†’
between Pridhvi and 2. Patient: Doctor, I have a temperature and a ûªy®Ωí¬ ®Ω´’tE Åúø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’, ûª†èπ◊ Çéπ-Lí¬
Akash at the begin- severe cold. Öçü¿E Åçô’-Ø√oúø’.)
t The patient has complained to the doctor that
ning of the lesson. (ú≈éπd®˝ , ä∞¡Ÿx ¢ËúÕí¬ ÖçC. ¶«í¬ ï©’•’
she has a temperature and a severe cold.
Pridhvi (to Akash): My îËÆœçC.) (statement)
The doctor advises her to take those tablets
exam results are out Doctor: Take these tablets and you will be
and says that she will be cured by the
and I have passed M. SURESAN cured by the evening.
evening.
with a very high score. (Ñ ö«¶„xö¸q BÆæ’-éÓçúÕ. ≤ƒßª’çvû√E-éπ™«x
(Patient ûª†èπ◊ temperature, ï©’•’í¬ Öçü¿E doc-
direct speech
O’èπ◊ †ßª’´’´¤ûª’çC) (Imperative +
°æ%Cµy Çé¬≠ˇûÓ Å†o ™E °j tor ûÓ îÁ°œpçC. Doctor Ç tablets BÆæ’-éÓ-´’E Ææ©£æ…
statement)
sentence, statement form state-
™ ÖçC;
3. Doctor (To patient): Take a cold shower
É*a, ≤ƒßª’çvû√E-éπ™«x †ßª’-´’-´¤-ûª’ç-ü¿E ÅØ√oúø’)
ment sentence.
Åçõ‰ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo îÁÊ°p t The doctor tells the patient to take a cold
before breakfast if you
(´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀlesson report
™ îËߪ’ôç ØË®Ω’a- shower before breakfast if he/ she wants to be
want to keep fit.
imperative etc. fit.
èπ◊-†oC – (Çïc©÷, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷,
breakfast
ûÁLÊ°)sentence)
(Ç®Óí∫uçí¬ Öçú≈©çõ‰ ´·çü¿’ (Ç®Óí∫uçí¬ Öçú≈-©çõ‰ breakfast
´·çü¿’ îªFo∞¡x
Imperative
îªFo∞¡x ≤ƒo†ç îÁß˝’) – ≤ƒo†ç îËߪ’-´’E doctor,
®ÓTûÓ Åçô’-Ø√oúø’)
É°æ¤púø’ äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œp† statement †’ report îËÊÆ- 4. Sumathi (To Sumanth): You've wasted your t Sumathi is telling Sumanth that he has wasted
ô-°æ¤púø’ (Reported speech èπ◊ ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’), time and money and that's why you his time and money and that's why he is in
that ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. are in trouble now. trouble now.
(†’´¤y time, úø•’s, ´%ü∑∆ î˨»´¤. Åçü¿’- (Sumanth ûª† úø•÷s, time ´%ü∑∆ î˨»-úøF, Åçü¿’-
°j† °æ%Dµy Çé¬≠ˇûÓ Å†o ´÷ô-©†’, Çé¬≠ˇ,
´-™‰x †’´¤y éπ≥ƒd™x ÖØ√o´¤)– statement ´--™‰x éπ≥ƒd™x ÖØ√o-úøF Sumathi ÅçöçC.)
´®Ω’ù˝ûÓ report îËߪ’ôç îª÷úøçúÕ.
5. Teacher (To students): Imitate my pronunci- t The teacher is telling/ is asking the students to
(Akash to Varun): Pridhvi has just told me that imitate her if they want to speak well.
ation if you want to speak well.
his exam results are out and that he has (¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©çõ‰ ûª††’ ņ’-éπ-Jç-îª-´’E
(O’®Ω’ ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©çõ‰ Ø√ Ö-î√a®Ωù
passed with a very high score ņ’-éπ-Jç-îªçúÕ) – Imperative Nü∆u-®Ω’n©ûÓ teacher ÅçöçC.)
He says that he is ..
EXERCISE
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Akash ´®Ω’ù˝ûÓ îÁ°æpôç (°æ%Cµy Rajani:
ûÁ≤ƒh†’. -†-ØÁoçûª °ôd-´’ç-ö«¢Ó îÁ°æ¤p
Put the following first in English and then
ņo N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo) that ûÓ begin Å´ôç; N’í∫û√ Sujani: Dozen ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©-éπçõ‰ ´ü¿’l. Åçûª-
report it (change it into reported speech. Use
´÷®Ω’p-©Fo ´÷´‚™‰ éπü∆. éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\¢ÁjûË éÌØÌü¿’l.
reporting verbs only in present tense. is
Rajani: ؈’ ûªy®Ωí¬ AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh-†E ņ’-éÓ-´ü¿’l.
Look at the following table. telling/ tells/ has told/ is asking/ asks/ has
Sujani: †’¢Áy-°æ¤p-úÌ-*aØ√ °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. ÉCíÓ Ñ ´çü¿
éÀçC´Fo èπÿú≈ statements, imperatives. asked etc.)
Sujani: ®ΩïF, †’´¤y market èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx-ôx-®·ûË Ø√éÓ
BÆæ’éÓ...
Rajani: ûÁ*a† ûª®√yûª É´¤y.
dozen ´÷N’-úÕ-°æçúø’x BÆæ’-èπ◊®√ please.
INDIRECT SPEECH
t Pridhvi reporting Akash's words to Varun: DIRECT REPORTED
Akash has said that it really makes him happy
Sujani: Rajani, If you are going to the market, t Sujani is asking Rajani to get her a dozen
and that I owe you and Akash a treat
get me a dozen mangoes, please. mangoes if she is going to the market.
tAkash reporting Pridhvi's words to Varun: He
t Rajani says she will, but is asking Sujani to tell
is telling us that he is ready, and to fix the Rajani: I will, but tell me how much you want
her how much she wants her to spend.
date and time. 'he is ready' - statement 鬕öÀd me to spend.
that 'fix the date and time' imperative t Sujani tells Rajani not to spend more than
ûÓ, Sujani: Not more than Rs. 100 a dozen. Don't
to
鬕öÀd, ûÓ begin Å´¤-û√®·. Rs.100.
buy if it is more than that. t Rajani tells Sujani not to expect her back early
t Varun reporting Pridhvi's words to Akash: He
Rajani: Don't expect me back early. t Sujani replies that it doesn't matter when
has told us to decide and let him know where
to go and when to go, and that he will take us Rajani comes back and asks her to take
Sujani: Doesn't matter when you come back.
there. 'He has told.. to go' imper- Rs.100.
Ééπ\úø, ´®Ωèπÿ Take this hundred rupees.
ative to 'he will take us there' state- t Rajani tells Sujani to give to her after she
鬕öÀd ûÓ, Rajani: Give it to me after I return.
ment 鬕öÀd that
ûÓ begin îË≤ƒhç. returned.
-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 18 -V-™„j 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ II

Direct
Kavitha: Vinitha, don't make a noise.
Be quiet (íÌúø´ îËߪ’èπ◊, E¨¡z-•lçí¬ Öçúø’)
Reported
Kavitha asked (Past tense) Vinitha not to make a
noise and be quiet. (éπ-N-ûª, NF-ûª†’ íÌúø´ îÁßÁ·uü¿lE, E¨¡z-
•lçí¬ Öçúø-´’E îÁ°œpçC) – È®çúø÷ Imperative 鬕öÀd, to
make and be quiet Å-ØË-N infinitives.

Vinitha: Give me those sweets then, Vinitha asked her mom to give her those sweets (ûª†èπ◊
mom (Å®·ûË Ø√èπ◊ -Ç Æ‘y-ö¸q É-´¤y) -Ç Æ‘y-ö¸q É´’tE NFûª ¢√∞¡x-´’t-†-úÕ-TçC) Imperative- to give
- infinitive.

Kavitha: You have already had Kavitha told Vinitha that she had already had enough.
Kavitha: Vinitha, don't make a noise. Be quiet.
Å°æ¤púø’ á´®Ó Past ™ îÁ°œpçC, É°æ¤púø’ ´’†- enough. Be a good child and don't eat She told Vinitha to be a good child and not to eat any
(NFû√, íÌúø´ îËߪ’èπ◊, E¨¡z-•lçí¬ Öçúø’.) ´÷-ô™x ´’†ç ᙫ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç... any more. (É°æp-öÀÍé î√L-†çûª AØ√o´¤. more. 'You have already had...' ÉC statement. 鬕öÀd,
Vinitha: Give me those sweets then, mom. that you had already had Å´¤-ûª’çC.
He/ she/ they, told/ asked/ said/ ordered ÅE ´’ç* -Å-´÷t®·-N éπü∆. Éçéπ A†èπ◊.)
(Å®·ûË Ø√èπ◊ -Ç Æ‘y-ô’x É´y´÷t.) past tense ™ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç éπü∆. Å°æ¤púø’ é¬Ææh Vinitha: Let me just one more piece of Vinitha asked her mother to let her have one more
Kavitha: You've already had a quite a lot. Be a ñ«ví∫ûªh Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Kalakand. I will not ask for more. (ÉçéÓ piece of kalakand and said that she would not ask for
good child. ´·éπ\ éπ-™«-éπçú˛ É´¤y. ØËEçéπ ´’Sx Åúø-í∫†’.) more.
´’†ç -J-§Ú®˝d îËÆæ’h†o ¢√∞¡x ´÷ô-™xE Verbs ÅFo 'I will not... more'- statement 鬕öÀd, ´’†ç report îËÊÆ-ô-
(É°æp-öÀÍé î√L-†çûª AØ√o´¤/ A-†o-C î√©’. Past tense forms ™éÀ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç.
´’ç* -Å-´÷t®·-N éπü∆) °æ¤púø’ that -ûÓ begin îË≤ƒhç. will -†’ would í¬ ´÷®√aç í∫ü∆.
Look at the following
Vinitha: Let me have just one more piece of Let us now try to report the
Kalakand. I will not ask for more. Direct Speech Reported (Indirect) Speech conversation at the begining
1. Suketh: Come in Subodh. My idea is Suketh told Subodh to come in and said that his idea of the lesson between the
to take you to a movie this evening (®√ was to take him to a movie that evening (Ææ’Íéû˝ Ææ’¶- mother and her daughter.
Ææ’¶üµ˛, -Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç -E-†’o ÆœE-´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’- üµ˛†’ ™°æ-LéÀ ®Ω´’tE Åûª-úÕE Ç ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ÆœE-´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé∞Ïx (See above table )
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 186 èπ◊-¢Á-∞¡-ü∆-´’E Ø√ -Ç-™-îª-†.) Ç™- Öçü¿E îÁ§ƒpúø’) Exercise:
M. SURESAN
2. Subodh: Put it off to tomorrow. I Subodh told Suketh to put it off to the next day and Kavitha, her daughter conver-
have some important work in the added/said that he had some important work in the sation (at the beginning of the lesson) N’í∫û√
evening. (Í®°æöÀéÀ ¢√®·ü∆ -¢Ë-≤Ú\. evening (ü∆Eo ´’®Ω’-Ææ-öÀ-®Ó-Vèπ◊ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´’E, ûª†èπ◊ Ç ¶µ«í¬Eo É™« °æöÀdéπ UÆœ, report îËߪ’çúÕ.
(äéπ\ éπ-™«-éπçú˛ É´¤y.؈’ ´’Sx Åúø-í∫†’) ≤ƒßª’çvûªç Ø√èπ◊ ´·êu-¢Á’i-†- °æE ÖçC) ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´·êu-¢Á’i-†-°æE Öçü¿F ÅØ√oúø’) Reported/Indirect Speech ™éÀ ´÷Ja, -Gí∫_®Ωí¬ -v§ƒéÃdÆˇ
Kavitha: That'll be one too many, child. No. Do
-îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.
your home work first. If you eat any
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆. Suketh, Subodh ´÷ô-©†’ ´’†ç
more, you will fall ill.
report îËÊÆ-°æ¤púø’ reporting verb, told, said ™«çöÀ
(ÉçéÌéπ\öÀ áèπ◊\¢ÁjØ√ áèπ◊\-¢Áj-†õ‰x. ™‰ü¿’. past forms ¢√ú≈L. Åçü¿’-éπE Suketh, Subodh ©
´·çü¿’ £æ«Ù-¢˛’-´®˝\ îÁ®·u. Éçé¬ Açõ‰, ´÷ô-™xE Present tense verbs is, have ™«çöÀ
äçöÀéÀ -Å-Ø√®Óí∫uç -îËÆæ’hç-C.)
Vinitha: Then give it after I do my homework.
¢√öÀE was, had ™«çöÀ past forms èπ◊ ´÷®√aç.
Å®·ûË ´·êu-¢Á’†i N≠æߪ’ç
(Å®·ûË £æ«Ù-¢˛’-´®˝\ îËÆœ† ûª®√yûª É´¤y.) Direct †’ç* reported èπ◊ ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’, Imperative
´’ç* -Å-´÷t®·-N éπü∆!
Kavitha: You are not getting any more for Sentences ™E Verb tenses ´÷vûªç ´÷®Ωaç. -v°æ-¨¡o: Mean while, However, So that, In order to, However– sentence ´’üµ¿u™ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
today. I'm going to tell dad you are a) Teacher: Ram, show me your home work - By way of °æü∆-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’, ¢√úø’éπ ûÁL-ߪ’-îË- a) The book gives very valuable information.
asking for too many sweets. Direct speech. ߪ’çúÕ. However it is very expensive =
(Ééπ Ñ ®ÓV-éÀç-ûË / Ééπ Ñ®ÓV Æ‘y-ö¸q àç The teacher asked Ram to show – Èé. ¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y-®Ω-®√´¤, §ÒCL. Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç î√™« N©’-¢Áj† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ÉÆæ’hçC. é¬-F/-
-™‰-´¤. †’´¤y ´’K áèπ◊\´ Æ‘y-ö¸q Åúø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o- her, his home work. Direct speech Å®·ûË üµ¿®Ω î√™« áèπ◊\´.
´E Ø√†oûÓ îÁ-•’-û√-†’çúø’.) ™E 'show' ´’†ç reported speech -ï-¢√-•’: Mean while b) I lent him my book, which, however, he
Vinitha: I will tell dad too that you aren't giving ™ to show -ÅE infinitive í¬ 1) v°æÆæ’h-û√-EéÃ, ¶µºN-≠æuû˝ Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u™ never returned =
me any sweets. ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. – (Imperative sentence (Ñ ™í¬) ¢√úÕéÀ Ø√ °æ¤Ææhéπç Éî√a†’. é¬E ¢√úø’ ´’Sx Ø√èπ◊
(†’´y-Ææ©’ Æ‘y-ö¸q É´y-ôç -™‰-ü¿E Ø√†oûÓ é¬•öÀd) a) The guests will be here in an hour. Mean- AJ-T-´y-™‰ü¿’.
؈÷ îÁ§ƒh) b) Ram: Come in Shyam and have a seat. while let us prepare a good meal for So that
Kavitha: Come on. Get your books and start Ram told Shyam to come in and have them = So that Åçõ‰ Åçü¿’-éÓÆæç ÅE Å®Ωnç.
doing the home work. You are talking a seat. (Imperative, direct ™E come ÅAü∑¿’©’ í∫çô™ ´îËa-≤ƒh®Ω’. Ñ a) He worked very hard so that he
too much. †’ ´’†ç report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ to come in ™í¬ ´’†ç ´’ç* ¶µï†ç ûªßª÷- might get a rank =

(£æ«Ù-¢˛’-´®˝\ é¬F. °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ûÁa-èπ◊E ¢Á·ü¿- ÅE infinitive í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç.- ®Ω’-îËü∆lç. ´’ç* rank ´Ææ’hç-ü¿ØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ
-©’ °ô’d. †’´¤y ´’K áèπ◊\´ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’- N’í∫û√ types of sentences †’ report b) I will be leaving in 10 min- éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ îªC-¢√úø’.
utes. Meanwhile I want to call b) She started early so that she
Ø√o´¤) îËÊÆ--ô°æ¤úø’, Reporting verb told/ asked might not miss the train =
™« past tense ™ Öçõ‰, report îËÊÆ ´÷ô- my friend =
Vinitha: Please... mom. Let me watch the TV È®j-©’ -ûª°œp-§Úèπÿ-úø-ü¿-ØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ -ûªy®Ωí¬
for some time. I will do the home work ™xE verbs ÅEo Verbs, past tense ™éÀ ؈’ 10 EN’-≥ƒ™x ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o. Ñ™-
•ßª’-™‰l-JçC.
later. ´÷®√aL; éÀçC Nüµ¿çí¬: - í¬ ´÷ -v°∂ç-ú˛éÀ -äéπ≤ƒ-J -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îËߪ÷-©-†’-
a) Inorder to: In order to pass you must study
Direct Reported
èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.
(Å´÷t.. Å´÷t... é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ -öÃ-O îª÷-úø-E-¢√y? well = -§ƒÆˇ ÅßË’uç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¶«í¬ îªü¿-¢√L.
Ç ûª®√yûª £æ«Ù-¢˛’-´®˝\ îË≤ƒh†’.) 2) È®çúø’ í∫ûª Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†-© π◊ ´’üµ¿u.. b) In order to qualify for IIT entrance test you
am, is, are was, were a) We agreed to meet the next week. Meanwhile I
Kavitha: OK. Go on then. should pass Inter in the first attempt
was, were had been had to leave for Mumbai on urgent business =
(ÆæÍ®, Å™«Íí é¬E-ß˝’) IIT entrance exam èπ◊ Å®Ω|ûª §Òçü¿-ö«-EéÀ -Éç-ô®˝
1st RDW (come, go etc) Past Doing Word ¢Ë’ç ûª®√yûª ¢√®Ωç éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊Ø√oç. Éçûª™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ v°æߪ’-ûªoç-™ØË -§ƒÆˇ Å¢√yL.
You must have observed that the conversation
2nd RDW (comes, (came, went etc) (Ç™-í¬)؈’ -Å®Ωçb -ö¸ °æE-O’ü¿ ´·ç¶„j ¢Á∞«x-™Ôq-*açC. Å®·ûË, In order to ¢√úË -v°æ-A -îÓ-ö« to ¢√úÌa. ÉC
between the mother and her daughter has only b) I met him five years later. Meanwhile he had
goes etc) simple, In order to éÌçîÁç §ƒçúÕûªuç. ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈
imperatives (Çïc©’, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©’) and got married =
PDW (came, went etc) had + past participle Öçúøôç ´’ç*C. to î√©’. In order to Åéπ\-Í®x-ü¿’.
statements. (äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ûÁLÊ° sentences)
(had come, had gone
Åûª-úÕE ؈’ âüË∞¡x ûª®√yûª éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o. Ñ -™í¬ By way of (Ç ®Ω÷°æç™)
Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç Imperative sentences †÷, etc)
Åûªúø’ °Rx îËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.- He received Rs.10 lac by way of dowry =
statements †÷ reported speech ™éÀ ´÷Í®a-ô- However
shall should Åûªúø’ éπôoç ®Ω÷°æç™ 10 ©éπ~© ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ -BÆæ’èπ◊-
°æ¤púø’ Reporting Verb, present tense ™ É™« However èπ◊ äéπ Å®Ωnç but (é¬F, Å®·ûË). ≤ƒ´÷- Ø√oúø’.
will would
¢√ú≈ç . †uçí¬ but ûÓ sentence Ç®Ωç-Gµçîªç. Å®·ûË how- b) Drona demanded Ekalavya's thumb by way
can could ever ûÓ sentence Ç®Ωç-Gµç-îª-´îª’a. (´·çü¿’ îÁ°œp†
tell/ tells/ is, am, are telling/ have, has told/ of 'gurudakshina'.
ask/ asks/ is, am, are asking/ have, has may might N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ -Gµ-†oçí¬, ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ àüÁjØ√ N≠æߪ’ç îÁ§ƒp- vüÓù’úø’ í∫’®Ω’-ü¿-éÀ~-ùí¬ àéπ-©-´¤uúÕ ¶Ôô-†-¢Ë©’ ÅúÕ-í¬úø’.
asked. should Lq-´ÊÆh, Ç N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo however ûÓ îÁ§ƒhç)
must

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

É°æ¤púø’ mother and daughter conversation †’ had to
´’†ç past tense reported verb ûÓ report have to
(Indirect) speech ™ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. (Åçõ‰ told/ has to
asked/ ordered/ said ™«çöÀ verbs ûÓ) ¢Á·ØÁo- ´÷ö«x-úÕ† ¢√J ´÷ô-™xE verb tenses °j Nüµ¿çí¬ URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
°æ¤púÓ ïJ-T† Ææ綵«-≠æù Ñ¢√∞¡ -J-§Ú®˝d î˨»-´’-†’-éÓçúÕ. ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç.
-¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 21 -V-™„j 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Manasa: Hi Lalasa, come in. Have a seat.

2) Reporting verb past tense Å®·ûË (Åçõ‰
(®√, èπÿ®Óa) said/ was, were saying/ told/ was/ were
Lalasa: Thank you. I am dead tired. telling/ ordered/ was, were ordered/ etc
(î√™« Å©-Æœ-§Úߪ÷) Å®·ûË) éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ îª÷°œ-†-ô’xí¬
Manasa: Have some coffee then. It won't take ´’†ç report verbs
îËÆæ’h-†o-¢√∞¡x ´÷ô-™xE
more than a minute for me to make ÅEoç-öÀE past tense forms èπ◊ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç.
it. 3) Imperative sentences report
†’
(Å®·ûË é¬Ææh coffee B≤Ú\. éπ~ù«™x îË≤ƒh) verbs
îËÊÆô°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀ-™E 'to'
´·çü¿’ °öÀd
infinitive îË≤ƒhç. 鬕öÀd OöÀ™x tense
Lalasa: Sure, that'd be most welcome.
Eg: See the table.
´÷®Ω’p v°æÆæ-éÀh-®√ü¿’.
(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈)
Manasa: It's brewing now. Tell me why you É°æ¤púø’ imperative combination ™‰èπ◊çú≈
DIRECT REPORTED SPEECH Íé´©ç statements †’ ´÷vûªç ᙫ report
are so tired.
1. Kanya: Stop talking, 1. a) Kanya is asking (present tense) Sirisha to stop talking.
(coffee Å´¤-ûÓçC. É°æ¤púø’ îÁ°æ¤p, -†’-´¤y you, Sirisha.
îËߪ÷™ îª÷ü∆lç.
b) Kanya asked (past tense) Sirisha to stop talking. Mallesh: Our friends will be here soon. We
áçü¿’-éπ-©-Æœ-§Ú-ߪ÷¢Ó) (Imperative)
(brew = coffee ™«çöÀN îËߪ’ôç. ´’J-TçîË are going to have a jolly time with
2. Kavya: Sravya, I am 2. a) (Present tense reporting verb)
v°ævéÀ-ߪ’†’ brew Åçö«®Ω’) them.
going to town Kavya is telling Sravya that she (Kavya) is going to town
Lalasa: My boss is an evening walker. She with sister and requests Sravya to go with them
(´’† friends éÌCl-ÊÆ-°æöx Ééπ\-úø’ç-ö«®Ω’.
with sister.
wanted me to walk with her to her b) (Reporting verb - Past)
´’†ç é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ í∫úø-§Òa.)
Please come
home for company. Kavya told Sravya that she (Kavya) was going to town jolly= Ææ®Ωü∆.
with us.
(´÷ boss evenings †úø’-Ææ’hçC. ûª†-ûÓ- with sister and requested her to go with them. A jolly fellow= Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ ÖçúË-¢√úø’
§ƒô’ ¢√R}ç-öÀéÀ ††÷o †úø-´-´’çC) 3. Suman: Hi Kiran, take 3. a) (Reporting verb - present) Suman is asking/ asks Kiran Kamesh: I hope they will have their dinner
Manasa: So you walked. How far? the book and to take the book and read the lines underlined on page with us. We can go to a movie after
read the lines 23 and says that he will find what he need. that.
(Åçü¿’-éπE †’´¤y †úÕ-î√´¤. áçûª-ü¿÷®Ωç?) underlined on
Lalasa: Oh, my! It is nearly four kilometers. b) (Reporting verb - Past) (¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†ûÓ ¶µï†ç îË≤ƒh-®ΩE ÇP-Ææ’h-
page 23. You
On the Suman asked Kiran to take the book and read the lines Ø√o†’. Ç ûª®√yûª ´’†ç ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞Ô}a.)
(Ŷs, Ø√©’í∫’ éÀ™-O’-ô®Ω’x). will find what
way back I dropped in here. underlined on page 23 and said that he would find what Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ùçû√ statements (äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo
(AJT you need.
´îËaô°æ¤púø’ Ééπ\úø Çí¬†’) he needed. ûÁLÊ° sentences) éπü∆.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 187 That'd be most welcome

Manasa: Don't regret. You have had a good §ÚLa îª÷úøçúÕ. Reporting verb present tense ™ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’,
exercise È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ statements †’ éπL°œ report
reported part ™ verb tenses ´÷®Ωü¿’. ÅüË reporting verb past
exercise
îËߪ÷Lq ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, äéπ statement èπÿ ÉçéÓ
(*çAç-îª-èπ◊™‰, ÅüÓ ´’ç* ) tense ™ Öçõ‰, reported part verb tenses ÅFo past statement èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u and that °úøû√ç. Table ™
Lalasa: Try it yourself now. You will then Å®·-§Ú-û√®·. É™« Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. È®çúø’ statements
know what it means to walk four
É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç îª÷ÆœçC reported part (äéπ®Ω’ ûª´’ ´÷ô™x Éûª-®Ω’©’ éπçõ„ áèπ◊\-´¤-†o-°æ¤púø’ ´‚úÓ statements èπ◊, he/
kms.
îÁ°œpçC report îËߪ’ôç) imperative sentences, and statements. she etc, added/ said further Åçö«ç. É°æ¤púø’
(†’´¤y †úÕ* îª÷úø’. Å°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC É°æ¤púø’ at the beginning of the lesson conversation report îËü∆lç. M. SURESAN Mallesh, Kamesh conversation report îËü∆lç.
Ø√©’í∫’ éÀ™ -O’-ô®Ω’x †úø-´ôç Åçõ‰ Reported verb, past tense ¢√úøü∆ç.
àN’ö?) DIRECT INDIRECT Mallesh told Kamesh that their friends
Manasa: Don't be angry. I said it just for fun. would be there soon and that they were
Reporting verb present tense Reporting verb past tense
Here's the coffee. Have it and relax. going to have a jolly time with them.
1. Manasa: Lalasa, 1. Manasa asks Lalasa to 1. Manasa asked Lalasa ...
(éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊, ØËØËüÓ ûª´÷-≥ƒ-éπ-Ø√o-†’™‰. Kamesh said that he hoped they would
come in, have a come in and have a seat (No change, because the report-
ÉCíÓ é¬°∂‘. û√T é¬Ææh Nv¨»çA BÆæ’éÓ) have their dinner with them and that they
seat. 2. Lalasa thanks Manasa and ed part is imperative)
Lalasa: Thank you. You make very good could all go to a movie after that. °j†
2. Lalasa: Thank you. says that she is dead tired 2. Lalasa thanked Manasa and said
coffee. Mallesh, Kamesh
îª÷¨»-®Ω’ -éπü∆: ņo È®çúø’
I'm dead tired. 3. Manasa asks (offers) that she was dead tired. statements and that
†’ ûÓ éπL§ƒç.
(Thank you. †’´¤y 鬰∂‘ î√™« ¶«í¬ Lalasa some coffee and
3. Manasa: Take, 3. Manasa asked (offered) Lalasa to Another point:
îË≤ƒh´¤) some coffee. It won't adds (says) that it won't take some coffee and added
Kamesh: I hope they will have their dinner
Manasa: Choose good coffee powder. Have take more than a take more than a minute to (said) that it wouldn't take more
with us -
fresh milk about. That's the recipe minute to make it. make it. than a minute to make it.
DEE report îËߪ÷Lq-†-°æ¤púø’,
for good coffee. 4. Lalasa: Sure, that's 4. Lalasa assures Manasa 4. Lalasa assured Manasa that it
Kamesh said that he hoped ÅØ√oç éπü∆. -É-™«
(´’ç* coffee §ÒúÕ áç°œéπ îËÆæ’éÓ. û√ñ« most welcome. that it is most welcome was most welcome
§ƒ©’ ûÁaéÓ. ´’ç* coffee éÀ ÅC Ææ÷vûªv°æé¬-®Ωçí¬ ÅØË •ü¿’©’,
5. Manasa: It's brew- (Oh, sure! direct speech ™ Öçõ‰ ÅC Kamesh hoped that Å-†-´îª’a. ÉC simpler,
Ææ÷vûªç.) ing now. Tell me why report assures/ assured
îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ Åçö«ç) natural.
recipe ȮƜ° = ´çô-é¬-EéÀ Ææ÷vûªç you are so tired. 5. Manasa tells Lalasa that it is 5. Manasa told Lalasa that it was
É°æ¤púø’ more than two statements ᙫ
Lalasa: Thanks once again. 6. Lalasa: My boss is brewing and asks Lalasa to brewing and asked Lalasa to tell
report îÁ-ߪ’-u-´îÓa îª÷ü∆lç:
lesson an evening walker. tell her why she is so tired her why she was so tired.
éÀçü¿öÀ ´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC, Suresh: Hi Manish, I am happy that I final-
She wanted me to 6. Lalasa tells Manasa that her 6. Lalasa told Manasa that her boss
imperative (Çïc©’, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©’ ly got the book. I searched the
walk with her to her boss is an evening walker and was an evening walker and that
ûÁLÊ°) sentences statements
†’, (äéπ whole of the market finally I found
home for company. that she wanted her to walk with she had wanted her to walk with
N≠æߪ’ç ûÁLÊ° sentences) report
†’ it in a small shop. This was the
her to her home for company. her to home for company.
îËߪ’ôç. only copy available.
´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o ÉçéÌEo ´·êu N≠æ-ߪ÷©’: °j table ¶«í¬ study îËÆœ practice îËߪ’çúÕ. ÉçéÓ í∫´’-Eéπ: to come, to go, to see- É™«çöÀ Ééπ\úø four statements Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
1) Report îËÆæ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ says/ am, is, are ¢√öÀE infinitives Åçö«ç. Infinitives †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ infinitives í¬ØË Öçû√ç. OöÀE report (Indirect speech) îËü∆lç. past
saying/ has/ have said, tells/ is telling/ ¢√öÀéÀ tense Öçúøü¿’. 鬕öÀd tense ´÷®Ωaôç Öçúøü¿’. Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç Imperative sen- tense, reported verb Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tü∆lç.
are telling/ have told/ has told/ ask etc tences †÷, statements †÷ report îËߪ’ôç (Indirect speech ™éÀ ´÷®Ωaôç) îª÷¨»ç. Suresh told Manish that he was happy that he
™«çöÀ present tense reported verbs †’ a) Imperative sentences report îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ, ¢√öÀ-™ xE verbs ´·çü¿’ to °öÀd ¢√öÀE infini- had finally got the book, and that he had
¢√úÕ†°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç report îËÆæ’h-†o-¢√∞¡x tives í¬ report îË≤ƒhç. Don't ÅE Öçõ‰, not + infinitive îË≤ƒhç. searched the whole of the market. He added
´÷ô™xE verbs tenses ´÷®√a-Lq† °æE- b) Statements †’ report îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊, report îËÊÆ part †’ that ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. OöÀ í∫’Jç* that finally he had found it in a small shop and
™‰ü¿’. that that was the only copy available.
ÉC-´-®Ω™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 23 -V-™„j 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Bhavan: I called your home twice last evening, You see that there are a number of questions
but there wasn't any response. in the conversation. Bhavan puts a number of
(؈’ E†o ≤ƒßª’çvûªç O’ ÉçöÀéÀ questions to Mohan.
È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x Phone î˨»†’, é¬E á´®Ω÷ We are now going to see how to report ques-
Bߪ’-™‰ü¿’) tions. (Questions indirect speech
†’ ™éÀ ᙫ
Mohan: We were all out at the exhibition. ´÷®√a™ Ñ lesson ™ îª÷ü∆lç):
(¢Ë’´’çû√ exhibition èπ◊ ¢Á∞«}ç) You know there are two types of questions:
Bhavan: I called you to know the details of the 1) 'Wh' questions - questions beginning with
match. When is the match? 'Wh' words what, when, where, why, who,
(
´÷uî˝ N´-®√© éÓÆæç §∂ÚØ˛ î˨»†’. á°æ¤pú≈ whom, whose and how. beginOöÀûÓ ÅßË’u
´÷uî˝?) questions †’ 'Wh' questions Åçö«ç. Direct speech ™ Ö†o questions report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, éÌEo ´÷®Ω’p©’ èπÿú≈ îËߪ÷L
eg: What is your name? (do, does and didN≠æ-ߪ’ç™). See the table.
Mohan: There are two matches. What match
are you talking of? Where is he?
DIRECT REPORTED SPEECH
(È®çúø’ matches ÖØ√o®·. à ´÷uî˝ 2) Non 'Wh' questions: 'Wh' words ûÓ Reporting verb present tense Reporting verb past tense
í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢˛?) v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç-é¬E questions.
Bhavan: Which of the two is this weekend? eg: a) Is he your friend? 1. Do + 1st Regular Doing Come, know, take etc. Came, knew, took etc.
(Ñ ¢√®√çûªç™ ÖçúËC à ´÷uî˝?) b) Are you happy? etc. Word: do come, do know, (I RDW) (Past Doing Word)
Mohan: It's the match with the team of 'The Ñ≤ƒJ ´’†ç 'Wh' questions †’ ᙫ report do take etc.
Nedu' group of publications. îËߪ÷™ (indirect speech ™éÀ ´÷®√a™) îª÷ü∆lç: 2. Does + 1st Regular Doing comes, knows, takes, etc came, knew, took, etc.
(Å®·ûË ÅC 'ØËúø’— v°æ-®Ω-ù© team ûÓ) Word: does come, does (II Regular Doing Word)
Bhavan: Where are we going to play the know, does take, etc
match? 3. Did + 1st Regular Doing had come, had known, had
came, knew, took, etc.
(Ñ match áéπ\úø Çúø-¶-ûª’Ø√oç?)
Mohan: At the stadium grounds.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 188 Word: did come, did know,
did take, etc.
taken, etc.
(had + past participle)
(ÊÆdúÕߪ’ç víıçú˛q™)

Are you happy?

Bhavan: Who are our bowlers?
(´’† bowlers á´®Ω’?)
Mohan: I don't have the list.
(Ç ñ«Gû√ Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω ™‰ü¿’)
Bhavan: Then who is the list with?
(Å®·ûË Ç list á´J ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çC?) Direct speech ™ Ö†o Ñ ´÷®Ω’p©’ îËߪ’ôç î√™« ´·êuç. É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç Bhavan, Mohan conversation report îËü∆l´÷?
Mohan: It is with our captain Arya and the question †’ report Åçü¿’™ 'Wh' questions, statements éπLÆœ ÖØ√o-®·-éπü∆? Direct speech ™E questions, reported
coach Guruprasad. îËÊÆô-°æ¤púø’ ü∆Eo state- speech ™ statements í¬ ´÷®Ω-û√-ߪ’E í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ (Åçõ‰ sub + verb word order Å´¤-ûª’çC).
(´’† captain Arya ü¿í∫_®Ω, coach ment structure (sub +
ü¿í∫_®Ω REPORTED
ÖØ√o®·) verb) èπ◊ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç. DIRECT SPEECH
Question Reporting verb (present) Reporting verb (past)
Bhavan: I want to see it. í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆:
verb
™ á°æ¤púø÷ ´·çü¿÷
(؈’ îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o) M. SURESAN 1. Bhavan (to Mohan) I called Bhavan tells Mohan that he Bhavan told Mohan that he
ü∆E ûª®√yûª subject
Mohan: Why do you want to see it? your home twice last called his home twice the day had called his home twice
helping verb main verb
´Ææ’hç-C-. -™‰-ü∆ , -© ´’üµ¿u
(áçü¿’èπ◊ îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤?) evening, but there wasn't before but there wasn't any the day before but there had-
subject ´Ææ’hçC.
Bhavan: I want to be sure that Manoj is on the any response. (Statement) response. n't been any response.
1) Where is he? [Where + is (verb) + he
team. 2. Mohan (to Bhavan): We Mohan tells Bhavan that they Mohan told Bhavan that they
(subject)?]
(´’ØÓñ¸ ÖØ√oú≈ ™‰ü∆ ÅE E®Ωl¥-Jç- were all out at the exhibition. were all out at the exhibition. had been all out at the exhi-
2) What is he doing? [What + is (helping verb)
-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊.) (Statement) bition.
+ he (subject) + doing (main verb)]
Mohan: Don't worry. He is on the team. 3. Bhavan (to Mohan): I called Bhavan says he called Mohan Bhavan said he had called
É°æ¤púø’ É™«çöÀ questions †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’
(ÖØ√oúø’. ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊) 'Wh' word ûª®√yûª statement word order èπ◊ you to know the details of to know the details of the Mohan to know the details of
Bhavan: OK. ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç. Åçõ‰ verb + subject/ helping verb the match. When is the match and asks him when the the match and asked him
´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊, imperative sentences †÷, + subject + main verb order †’, sub + verb Match? (Statement + 'Wh' match is. when the match was.
statements †÷ ᙫ report îËߪ÷™ (indirect í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. question)
speech ™ îÁ§ƒp™) îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. Kesav: Where is Shyam? 4. Mohan (to Bhavan): There Mohan says to Bhavan that Mohan told Bhavan that
a) Imperative sentences (Çïc©÷, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Karuna: I do not know are two matches. Which there are two matches and there were two matches and
Åúø-í∫ôç ûÁLÊ° sentences) Let us report the conversation above: match are you talking of? asks him which match he is asked him which match he
eg: i) Get out (order) (Statement + 'Wh' question) talking of. was talking of.
ii) Please come in (request) Reporting verb Reporting verb
5. Bhavan (to Mohan): Which Bhavan asks Mohan which of Bhavan asked Mohan which
iii) Sit down (asking) present tense past tense
of the two is this weekend? the two is this weekend? of the two was that weekend.
É™«çöÀ sentences (imperative) †’ report îËÊÆ- Kesav asks/ is Kesav asked ('Wh' question)
ô-°æ¤púø’ Ñ verbs ´·çü¿’ to °öÀd infinitives í¬ asking Karuna Karuna where
6. Mohan (to Bhavan): It is with Mohan tells Bhavan that it is Mohan told Bhavan that it
´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. where Shyam is. Shyam was.
the team of 'Nedu' group of with the Nedu group of was with the Nedu group of
b) Statements (äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo -ûÁ-LÊ° sen- í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: publications (Statement) Publications. publications.
tences) Direct speech Ééπ\úø reporting
Where is verb past 7. Bhavan (to Mohan): Where Bhavan asks Mohan where Bhavan asked Mohan where
i) He attends classes regularly ™E 鬕öÀd,
Shyam, report where Shyam is are we going to play the they are going to play the they were going to play the
ii) They do not come here often
where where match? ('Wh' question) match. match.
iii) I had a tiresome journey îËÊÆô°æ¤púø’, •ü¿’©’
Shyam is Shyam was
Statements report Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x 'that' ûÓ í¬
v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç* N’í∫û√ ´÷®Ω’p©’ îË≤ƒhç. ´÷®Ω’-ûª’ç-C. Åçö«ç. °j† í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆ Statements, 'Wh' questions †’ éπL°œ ᙫ report îËߪ÷™, Íé´©ç 'Wh'
Karuna replies questions †’ ᙫ report îËߪ÷™. Questions ÅEoç-öÀE reported speech ™ statement word
É´Fo -É-C-´®Ωéπ-öÀ lessons ™ îª÷¨»ç. Karuna replied
that she does not order
that she did not
èπ◊ ´÷®Ωaúøç èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
Now observe the conversation between
know know. Exercise: Conversation at the beginning of this lesson N’í∫û√ ¶µ«í¬Eo °j† îª÷°œç-*-†ô’x,
Bhavan and Mohan at the beginning of
this lesson. (ÉC statement) reporting verb, present tense, past tense È®çúÕç-öÀ™  report îËߪ’çúÕ.-

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

÷ªÙÞœüŒî¦ô¢Ù 25 -Vöµj 2006 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë -2
ú£ÙòÅ°ù£éö˺x ÍFo ÷ªìÙ ÷«æ°xè¶ ÷«åö¶ Íô³ ÑÙè¯Lqì Í÷ú£ô¢Ù ö¶ë]ª. Ó÷ôÁ
àµí‡pì ÷«åLo ÚÛ«è¯, î¦üŒ‰x àµí‡pìåªxÞ¥ ÷«Ja àµð§pLq ÷ú£ªhÙC. Ð ·ôÙè[ª
ú£Ùë]ô¦sÄö˺xì« ·ôÙè[ª í£ë]lÄ꟪Lo Ñí£óµ«Tþ§hÙ. ÖÚÛæ¨ ví£êŸu¤ÛÙÞ¥ ൛ípC, ÏÙÚÁæ¨
í£ôÁ¤ÛÙö˺ íÆ£ö°û¦ ÷uÚ¨h íÆ£ö°û¦ ÷«åõû¦oè[E ൛ípC. ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£éö˺ þ»Þœú£ª
Ú¥î¦õÙç¶ Ð ÍÙø‹Eo ò°Þ¥ û¶ô¢ªaÚÁî¦L. î¦Ú¥uEo ÖÚÛ í£ë]lÄA ìªÙ# ÷ªôÁ í£ë]lÄAö˺ڨ
÷«ô¢aè¯EÚ¨ î¦uÚÛô¢éÙ ú£«vê¦õìª E¸ôlPÙ#ÙC.

Where (wh word) + is (helping verb) + he

(subject) + going (main verb)?
Questions (a), (b)õìª report ඛú-å-í£±pè[ª NªÞœê¦
ÎóŸªì ÓÙêŸ Bú£ªÚÛªÙæ°ô¢ª?
Visala: Where are you (NvÚÛîª ÷ªìLo õÙàÂÚ¨ í‡Là¦è[ª. í£CÙ-
÷«ô¢ªpõª à¶ú£«h question ö˺E wh word ìª Íö°
ÑÙà¶ú‡, NªÞœê¦ question part ìª statement
word order (verb + subject) ö˺ڨ ÷«¸ôa-óŸ«L.
ÏÚÛ\è[ 'that' ô¦ë]ª.
starting off so early? æ¨ÚÛö°x ÷ªìÙ ñóŸª-ö¶l-ô¦L.) ç¶ñªöËÀ – 1 àŸ«è[Ùè….
(ÓÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ÍÙêŸ ê•Ùë]- Vinod: OK. I'll be back in time. Î ·ôÙè[ª ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éö˺x
ô¢Þ¥ ñóŸª-õª-ë¶-ô¢ª-꟪- (ú£·ôjì ú£÷ª-óŸ«-E¸Ú AJ-Þ•-þ§hö¶.) ÚÛ«è¯ Question word
û¦o÷±?) Study carefully the conversation above. order ìª report ඛú-å-
Vinod: To our maths lec- í£±pè[ª Wh word šíæ¨d
You find a number of 'wh' questions in it.
turer's.
Ú¨Ùë]æ¨ lesson ö˺ ÷ªìÙ êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛªÙC: NªÞœê¦ Part ìª state-
ment word order ö˺ڨ
(÷« ÷«uëÇÂq öµÚÛa-ô¢ô ÏÙæ¨Ú¨.)
To our maths lecturer's ÷«¸ôa-óŸªè[Ù Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè….
– Ïö° lecturer's ö˺ö°Þ¥ M. SURESAN Let us now try to
's î¦è…ê¶ 'to' ÷³Ùë]ô¢ report the conversation
ÑÙ# – î¦RxÙ-æ¨Ú¨ Íû¶ Íô¢nÙ ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 189 between Visala and Vinod at the beginning of
the lesson. Note that we have to report both
÷ú£ªhÙC.
To my friend's = ÷« 'wh' questions ìª report à¶óŸªè[Ù, (indirect
friend ÏÙæ¨Ú¨
Which maths lecturer do you want to go to? statements and 'wh' Question (table -2).
speech ö˺ڨ ÷«ô¢aè[Ù) ÷ªìÙ àŸ«ú‡ÙC 'wh' ç¶ñªöËÀ –2ö˺ àŸ«ø‹ô¢ª ÚÛ믖 Question structure
Visala: What do you want questions ìª Jð¼ôÂd ඛú-å-í£±pè[ª question ìª
from him?
(÷« ›úo-꟪ö˺x à¦ö°÷ªÙC ÎóŸªì ë]Þœ_-ô¢¸Ú ìª statement structure Þ¥ ÷«ô¢aåÙ Óö°ÞÁ.
statement form ö˺ڨ ÷«¸ôaþ§hÙ.
îµüŒê¦ô¢ª, ÍÙë]ª-ÚÛE û¶ìª ÚÛ«è¯ ÍÚÛ\è…¸Ú îµüŒ‰- Exercise: Ð Lesson ö˺E NªÞœê¦ conversa-
(ÎóŸªì ë]Þœ_ô¢ ìªÙ# ÔÙ Ú¥î¦-L?/-ÓÙ- Question:
꟪û¦o.) tion between Visala and Vinod ìª report
ë]ªÚÛª?) Visala: How much does he charge? a) Where is he?
Vinod: I want to have tuition from him. à¶óŸªÙè…– Reporting verb, present tense, past
(ÎóŸªì ÓÙêŸ Bú£ª-ÚÛªÙ-æ°ô¢ª?) Ð question ö˺ word order (÷«åõ Í÷ª-JÚÛ) tense ö˺ ÚÛ«è¯. Oªô¢ª practice à¶óŸªåÙ ÍÙç¶
(ÎóŸªì ë]Þœ_ô¢ û¶ìª å«uù£ûËÂÚÛª à¶ô¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ- Vinod: I have to find out. That's what I am Where (wh word) + is (verb)+ he (subject)
ô¦óŸªåÙ ÷«vêŸî¶ª Ú¥ë]ª. Oªô¢ª ô¦ú‡ÙC, Oª friends
going for. b) Where is he going?
åªû¦o.)
Visala: Which maths lecturer do you want to Ó÷-J-êÁ-ûµjû¦ GÞœ_-ô¢Þ¥ ·ôÙè[ª ÷´è[ª þ§ô¢ªx ÷«÷´-
go to?
(û¶ìª ÚÛìª-ÚÁ\-î¦L. ÍÙë]ª-ÚÛû¶ Ïí£±pè[ª îµüŒ‰- Ð question word order: õªÞ¥ ÷«æ°x-è[ª-꟪-ìoåªx practice à¶óŸªÙè….
꟪û¦o.)
Visala: When do you think you can come
(Ô ÷«uëÇÂq öµÚÛa-ô¢ô ë]Þœ_ô¢ÚÛª îµü‹xõ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-
Reporting Speech
û¦o÷±?)
Vinod: Mr. Ganak. He is the best in the town.
back? 2 Direct Speech
Reporting Verb (Present) Reporting Verb (Past)
(Óí£±pè[ª AJT ô¦Þœ-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?)
Vinod: Why do you want to know?
(ÞœéÚ þ§ôÂ. ÒüÉÁx ÎóŸªû¶ Þ•í£p-î¦è[ª.) 1. Visala: (to Vinod) Where are you Visala asks Vinod where Visala asked Vinod where
Visala: Who suggested him to you?
(ìªîµyÙ-ë]ªÚÛª êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-î¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?) starting off so early? he is starting off so early. he was starting off so
(ÎóŸªì ÞœªJÙ# F·Ú-÷ô¢ª àµð§pô¢ª?) early.
Vinod: Most of my friends go to him, so I am Visala: Vikram has invited us to lunch. We
have to start here at least by 10. Vinod: To our maths lecturer's Vinod replies that it is to Vinod replied that it was to
going to him too.
their maths lecturer's. their maths lecturer's.
Reporting Speech
1 Direct Speech
Reporting Verb (Present) Reporting Verb (Past)
2. Visala: What do you want from Visala asks Vinod what he Visala asked Vinod what
him? wants from him. he wanted from him.
1. Krishna: Where is your father? Krishna is asking/ asks Krishna asked Sathya Vinod: I want to have tuition from Vinod tells her he wants to Vinod told her he wanted
(Oª û¦ìo-Þ¥-·ô-ÚÛ\è[?) Sathya where her father where her father was. him. have tuition from him. to have his tuition from
is. him.
Sathya: Why do you want to know? 3. Visala: Which maths lecturer do Visala asks Vinod which Visala asked Vinod which
Sathya asks in reply why Sathya asked in reply why
you want to go to. maths lecturer he wants to maths lecturer he wanted
(ÓÙë]ªÚÛª êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-î¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?) he wants to know. he wanted to know.
go to. to go to.
2. Madhavi: What are your goals? Madhavi asks Prasanth Madhavi asked Prasanth Vinod: Mr. Ganak. He is the best in Vinod says/ replies that he Vinod replied that he want-
what his goals are. what his goals were. the town. wants to go Mr. Ganak ed to go to Mr. Ganak (and
Prasanth: What do you advise? Prasanth questions her Prasanth questioned her (and adds that) he is the added that) he is the best
what she advises. what she advised. best in the town. in the town.

1. They have been

ví£øŒo: áî¦ñª: 1. They have been able to keep their (ôÁè[xFo êŸè…Þ¥ Ñû¦oô³. ô¦vA ÷ô¢{Ù ÚÛªJú‡ ÑÙè¯L– b) The money stolen from the bank.
able to keep their promise = They have kept their promise. ÚÛªJ-ú‡ÙC). (ò°uÙÚ ìªÙ# ë•ÙT-LÙ-àŸñè…ì è[ñªs.)
promise (î¦üŒ‰x êŸ÷ª ÷«åìª Eõ-òµ-åªd-ÚÁ-Þœ-L-Þ¥ô¢ª– Eõ-òµ-åªd-ÚÛª- ví£øŒo: 1. Gup Íô¢nÙ ÔNªæ˺ N÷-JÙ#, ë¯EE Ô Past participle, verb Ú¥ë]ª. Be form (am, is,
Structure: have been û¦oô¢ª) NëÅ]ÙÞ¥ Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hôÁ êµL-óŸª-â¶-óŸªÙè…. are, was, shall be, have been, etc.,) + Past
above to + P.V. 2. He might have been able to do the job = 2. Past participle (V3) N÷-JÙ#, Ñë¯--ô¢- participle Íô³ê¶ verb Í÷±-꟪ÙC. Íí£±pè[ª verb,
Perhaps (ñø‹)he did the job/ did not do the passive voice.
2. He might have been
éõª êµLóŸª-â¶-óŸªÙè….
job. a) Salaries were paid yesterday.
able to do the job
– þ§ï‡°B Në¯u-÷ªÙ-CôÂ, íÆ£ê¶hí£±ô¢Ù
structure: might have (ÍêŸè[ª Îí£E à¶óŸª-ÞœLT ÑÙè[÷àŸªa, ÞœêŸÙö˺ à¶ú‡ áî¦ñª: 1. Gup Íû¶ ÷«å û¦ÚÛª êµL-ú‡-ìÙ-êŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛ« (@ê¦õª Eìo Ï÷y-ñ-è¯fô³/ àµLxÙ-àŸ-ñ-è¯fô³.)
ö¶ë]ª. Guppy Íû¶C ÖÚÛ ô¢ÚÛ-iì à¶í£. b) The college will be closed from tomorrow
been able to + P.V. ÑÙè[÷àŸªa ö¶ë¯ à¶óŸª-ÚÛ-ð¼ô³ ÑÙè[÷àŸªa ÚÛ«è¯.)
3. She must have been able to persuade him 2. Past participle: Object Ñìo Verb Past par- onwards.
3. She must have been
to marry her. ticiple ÚÛª ‘ñè…ì’ ÍE Íô¢nÙ ÷ú£ªhÙC. (Ú¥ö¶@ ¸ôí£æ¨ ìªÙ# ÷´óŸª-ñ-è[ª-꟪ÙC.)
able to persuade him to Past participle ìª adjective Þ¥ î¦è[ê¦Ù. ÍÙç¶
(êŸììª šíRx-à¶-ú£ª-ÚÁ-÷ªE Î ÍêŸ-è…Ú¨ ìàŸa-âµí‡p a) The man seen here yesterday.
marry her. ë¶ûµj¬oû¦ ÷JgÙ-àŸ-è¯-EÚ¨ î¦è[ê¦Ù.
ÑÙè¯L– ÍÙë]ª¸Ú ÍêŸè¯îµªìª šíRx à¶ú£ª-ÚÛª-û¦oè[ª) (Eìo ÏÚÛ\ àŸ«è[-ñ-è…ì ÷uÚ¨h – ú£·ôjì êµõª-Þœªö˺
structure: must have been able to + P.V. šíj a) The murdered man was related to her.
Compare: The roads are
Eìo ÏÚÛ\è[ Oªô¢ª/ Ù/ î¦üŒ‰x àŸ«ú‡ì ÷uÚ¨h.)
î¦Ú¥uõ í£²Jh Íô¦nEo, Ñí£-óµ«-Þ¥Eo N÷-JÙ-àŸ-Þœ-õô¢ª. (àŸÙí£ñè…ì ÷uÚ¨h ÎÚÛª àŸªådÙ.)
wet. It must have rained Spoken English ð§êŸ î¦uþ§õ ÚÁú£Ù Ú¨xÚ à¶óŸªÙè…...
– ÓúÃ. -ìª-DlûËÂ, ÚÛô¢«oõª b) The ruined fort = PCÇ-õ-iì ÚÁå
during the night.
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
-í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 27 -V-™„j 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Arjun: Hi Nakul, well-met. How busy are you

this evening?
´’†ç Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC: 'Wh' questions
†’ J§Ú®˝d îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, 'Wh' ûÓ begin îËÆœ, ü∆E
(£æ…ß˝’ †èπ◊™¸, éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æçí¬ ûª®√yûª ´îËa Vb + Sub/ HV + sub + MV order
-ÖçC. Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç †’-¢Ëy-¢Á’i-Ø√ busy Ø√?) †’ Sub + Verb order í¬ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç. Eg:
Well met - Ñ expression conversations ™
a) Arjun (to Nakul): How busy are you this
practice îËߪ’çúÕ– éπ©-®·éπ ÆæçûÓ≠æç ÅØË
evening?
Å®ΩnçûÓ. How busy - ÉC èπÿú≈ Practice DEo report îËߪ’ôç:
îËߪ’çúÕ. i) Arjun is asking/ asks Nakul how busy he
Nakul: Why are you asking?
is this evening. (Reporting verb - Present
(áçü¿’-éπ-úø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?) tense)
Arjun: I want to take you to a movie. Feel like it? Arjun: How about 'Sarkar Mogudu - Seema
ii) Arjun asked Nakul how busy Nakul was (éπ*a-ûªçí¬ É≠æd¢Ë’. Å®·ûË ¶«©-´·-®ΩR
(ÆœE´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡-ü∆-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. ®√¢√-©-†’çü∆?) that evening (Reporting verb - Past Pellam'?
feel like - ÅE-°œç-îªúøç
ÆæçUûªç Éçé¬Ææh NØ√L ؈’)
tense) Report: Arjun suggested 'Sarkar Mogudu -
Preethi: Will you wait for some time then?
Nakul: (It) depends on the movie you take ÉC ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ† N≠æ-ߪ’-¢Ë’-éπü∆? ´’Sx ÉçéÓ Seema Pellam'
me to conversation at the beginning of the
(Å®·ûË é¬Ææh Çí∫’-û√¢√?)
(ÆœE´÷†’ •öÀd îÁ§ƒh) sample îª÷ü∆lç. N’í∫û√ Sruthi: Have you to search for it?
Arjun: How about 'Sarkar Mogudu - Seema b) Nakul (to Arjun): Why are you asking? lesson exercise practice
í¬ îËߪ’çúÕ.
Pellam'? Now look at the conversation below.
(ÅC ¢Áü¿-鬙« †’´¤y)
Reported speech: Preethi: Yes.
('Ææ®√\®Ω’ ¢Á·í∫’úø’ – Æ‘´’ °∞«}ç—èπ◊ i) Nakul asks Arjun why he is asking. Preethi: Hi Sruthi, do you fancy classical music?
¢Á∞«l´÷?) Sruthi: Go ahead then. Can I have today's
ii) Nakul asked Arjun why he was asking. (¨»Æ‘Yߪ’ ÆæçU-ûª-¢Ë’-´’Ø√o Nçö«¢√?) paper in the mean time?
report (a) & (b) questions fancy = É≠ædç
É°æ¤púø’ °j† îËÆœ† paper
Å®·ûË é¬F. Åçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ñ®ÓV
†’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, Sruthi: Why? Are you going to play any?
É´¤y.
Arjun is asking/ asks Nakul (Present (àç, †’¢Ëy-´’Ø√o NE-°œç-îª-¶ûª’Ø√o¢√?) O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’ There are many
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 190 tense), Arjun asked Nakul (Past tense)
begin
™ Play - Two in one
NE-°œç-îªôç.
O’ü¿-í¬F, CD O’ü¿-í¬F questions in the conversation above.
î˨»ç éπü∆. There are all non 'Wh' questions.
Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç 'Wh' questions report

Are you going to play any?

îËߪ’ôç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. É°æ¤púø’Non 'Wh'
questions report îËߪ’ôç ᙫíÓ îª÷ü∆lç.
í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆: 'Wh' questions Åçõ‰, What,
which, when, where, etc. ™«çöÀ 'Wh' ûÓ
questions.
¢Á·ü¿-©ßË’u ´÷ô©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’ßË’u
Non 'Wh' questions Åçõ‰ ÅN™‰E v°æ¨¡o©’.
Nakul: How good is it? Sankar: Are you interested in cricket?
(áçûª ¶«í∫’ç-ü¿C?)
´’†ç practice îËÆæ’h- Preethi: Do you like to listen to some of MS
Arjun: Why haven't you seen the posters? Sarala: Don't you know?
†oC Spoken English Subbulakshmi's?
(It's) seventy five days gone. É°æ¤púø’ É™«çöÀ Non Wh questions report
(MS Subbulakshmi ÆæçUûªç à´’Ø√o
(Posters áçü¿’èπ◊ îª÷∞Ï}ü¿’? É°æp-öÀéÀ 75 鬕öÀd, É™« ´÷öÀ-´÷- îËߪ’ôç (Indirect Speech ™ îÁ°æpôç) ᙫ?
öÀéà reporting verbs Nçö«¢√?)
1. Reporting Verb, is asking/ asks/ is ques-
®ÓV-™„jçC) tell, ask, question Sruthi: Have you any of Balamuralikrishna's
Nakul: OK. But what's the occasion for your tioning/ questions/ asked if
ûª®√yûª ûÓ é¬F,
etc. bookish latest CDs?
taking me to the movie?
ÅE í¬ Whether Sankar is ask-
ûÓ é¬F v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.
( Ñ´’üµ¿u ´*a† ¶«©-´·-®Ω-S-éπ%≠æg ÆæçUûªç
¢√úË •ü¿’©’ ¢√öÀ ing Sarala if/ whether...
(ÅC-ÆæÍ®. ††’o à Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç™ ÆœE-´÷èπ◊ ≤ƒn†ç-™ ØË variety M. SURESAN CDs ÖØ√oߪ÷?)
2. Ç ûª®√yûª questions word order (verb + sub-
BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?) éÓÆæç wants to know/ wanted to know/ Preethi: Don't you like MS? (MS FéÀ-≠dçæ -™‰ü∆?) ject/ helping verb + sub + main verb) †’
Arjun: O Nakul, why do you forget things so wished to know ÅE èπÿú≈ ¢√úÕûË Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ Sruthi: Of course I do, I have listened to
statement order (sub + verb) í¬ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç.
early? I've got admission in Sanketic plenty of hers. I have yet to hear
Öçô’çC. N’í∫û√ ´÷®Ω’p©’ èπÿú≈ îË≤ƒhç.See table.
college of Engineering, one of the best Åçõ‰, tell, ask, question ņôç ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü¿’. some of Balamurali's
in the state. Correct. é¬F É™« wish to know/ wishes to
(àçôçûª ûªy®Ωí¬ ´’Ja-§Ú-û√´¤ †’´¤y? know/ would know/ wants to know É™«ç-öÀN DIRECT REPORT
®√≠æZç™ íÌ°æp-¢√-öÀ™x äéπõ„j† ≤ƒçÍé-Aé˙ Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úÕûË variety í¬ØË é¬èπ◊çú≈, Reporting verb - present Reporting verb - past
Engineering college ™ Ø√èπ◊ seat Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ Öçô’çC. Sankar (to sarala): Sankar asks Sarala if/ whether Sankar asked Sarala if/ whether
´*açC) See table 1: É™« report îËߪ’ôç î√™« simple Are you interested in she is interested in cricket she was interested in cricket
Nakul: Oh, sorry I forgot it. I will make it. Don't í¬ èπÿú≈ ÅE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. O’JC áçûª ¶«í¬ prac- cricket?
worry tice îËÊÆh Åçûª Ææ’©’-´-´¤-ûª’çC.
Sarala: Sarala asks Sankar in return if Sarala asked Sankar in return if/
(´’®Ω-*-§Ú-®·-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’®√. Nakul: (It) depends on the movie you take me
Don't you know? / whether he doesn't know whether he did not know
ûª°æpéπ ´≤ƒh†’. ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊) to.
´’†ç É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Imperatives, statements, Report: i) Nakul said it depended on the Look at the following. We are going to report part of the conversation between Preethi and
'Wh' questions report îËߪ’ôç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. movie he took him to (Reporting Sruthi. Observe how we are going to report non 'wh' questions:
'Wh' questions report ´’J-éÌçûª practice verb - said - Past tense)
îËü∆lç. ii) Nakul says it depends on the movie DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
he (Arjun) takes him to (Reporting Reporting verb present tense Reporting verb past tense
TABLE 1: verb - says - present tense) Preethi is asking/ asks Sruthi Preethi asked Sruthi if she fancied
Preethi: Hi Sruthi, do
you fancy if/ whether she fancies classi- classical music
Direct Speech Report
classical cal music
Reporting verb - present Reporting verb - past
music?
Arjun: Hi Nakul, Well- Arjun, happy to meet Nakul Arjun, happy to meet Nakul wanted í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Report îËÊÆ--ô°æ¤púø’ verb + sub, HV + Sub + MV
met. How busy wants to know how busy he is to know how busy he was that sub + verb í¬ ´÷®Ωôç.
are you this this evening. evening.
Sruthi: Why? Are you Sruthi wants to know (is ask- Sruthi wanted to know (asked •ü¿’©’)
evening?
going to play ing/ asks if Preethi
èπ◊ •ü¿’©’) if Preethi was going to play any.
Nakul: Why are you Nakul wants to know why he Nakul wanted to know why he any? is going to play any
Preethi asked Sruthi if/ whether she
asking? (Arjun) is asking. (Arjun) was asking.
Preethi: Do you like to Preethi asks Sruthi if she likes liked to some of MS Subbulakshmi's
Arjun: I want to take Arjun wants to take him to a Arjun wanted to take Nakul to a listen to some to listen to some of MS
you to a movie. move and asks him if he feels movie and asked him if he felt like it. of MS Subbu Subbulakshmi's
Feel like it? like it. Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ straight í¬ he wanted lakshmi's
Ééπ\úø Arjun tells Nakul ņ- ¢√ú≈ç éπü∆, I want èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ he told Sruthi asked Preethi if/ whether she
Sruthi: Have you any Sruthi asks Preethi if/ whether
èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË 'I want' †’ 'he wants' í¬ Nakul ņ-èπ◊çú≈. had any of Balamurali's latest CDs.
of Balamurali she has any of Balamurali's
´÷Í®a¨»ç. É™« ´÷®Ωaôç î√™« Krishna's lat- latest CD's
Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ Öçô’çC. est CD's?

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 30 -V-™„j 2006
Pramod: (It's) days since I saw you. Where
have you been?
(îª÷Æœ î√™« ®ÓV-™„jçC. ÉEo ®ÓV--©’
-á-éπ\-úø’-Ø√o´¤?)
Vinod: I had been away at the NCC camp
and returned only this morning.
Hasn't anyone told you of it?
Haven't you called my home?
(؈’ NCC camp èπ◊ ¢Á∞«}†’. Ñ®ÓV
Öü¿ßª’ç AJ-íÌ-î√a†’. FûÓ á´®Ω÷ îÁ°æp-
™‰ü∆? -†’-´¤y ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ §∂ÚØ˛ îËߪ’-™‰ü∆?)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 191
Pramod: Why didn't you tell me before leav-
ing? Your college and home are so
far off that I couldn't get any infor-
mation. Moreover I was busy too,
with our college cultural festivals.
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Vinod: Congrats. What prizes did you get?
Did you participate in debate?
(ÅGµ-†ç-ü¿-†©’, FÍéç •£æ›-´’-ûª’©’
´î√a®·?úÕ¶‰ö¸™ §ƒ™Ô_-Ø√o¢√?)
Pramod: I got prizes in three events - light
music, debate and mimicry. Won't
you see my prizes? Come in.
(´‚úø’ §ÚöÙx prizes ûÁa-èπ◊-Ø√o†’.
©Lûª ÆæçU-ûªç, debate, mimicry ™.
؈’ ûÁa-èπ◊†o prizes îª÷úø¢√? É°æ¤púø’ Imperative, statement, 'Wh' question, non 'wh' question éπLÆœ Ö†o passage
™°æ-L-éÀ ®√.) ᙫ report îË≤ƒh¢Á÷ îª÷ü∆lç. O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. The conversation at the beginning of the
Event (É¢Áçö¸) – ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç – Ææç°∂æ’-ô†. lesson, (between Pramod and Vinod) has mixed sentences (Imperatives, statements,
Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç .. §Úöà Åç¨¡ç – véÃúø©’, éπ∞¡©’ 'wh' and non 'wh' questions)
´çöÀ Å稻™x. DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Vinod: Do you want Reporting verb present tense Reporting verb past tense
me to see
1. Pramod (to Vinod): It's Pramod tells Vinod that it is Pramod told Vinod that it was
them now? days since he saw him and days since he had seen Vinod
days since I saw you.
Mom's calling asks him where he has been. and asked him where he had
Where have you been?
me over been.
phone. I have (1st sentence - statement, 2nd sentence 'wh' question.
to be at home
M. SURESAN Åçü¿’-´©x 1st sentence †’ that ûÓ, 2nd sentence †’ where +
urgently. Show statement word order ûÓ report î˨»ç.)
them to me when I come tomorrow.
2. Vinod: I had been away Vinod says he had been away Vinod said that he had been
at NCC camp and at NCC camp and returned away at the NCC camp and
returned only this morn- home only that morning. He had returned home only that

It's days since I saw you ing. Hasn't any one told
you of it? Haven't you
called my home?
(statement+non 'wh' question)
asks/ is asking Pramod if any
one hasn't told him of it and if
he hasn't called his home.
morning. He asked Vinod if any
one had not told him of it and if
he had not called his home.

(¢Á∞Ï}´·çü¿’ áçü¿’èπ◊ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿÷? O’
college, O’ É©’x î√™« ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ Öçúø-
ôç-´©x Ø√Íé N≠æߪ’ç ûÁL-ߪ’-™‰ü¿’. ÅçûË-
é¬-èπ◊çú≈ ´÷ college ≤ƒçÆæ \%Aéπ -Öûªq-¢√-
©ûÓ Ø√èπ◊ BJé𠙉èπ◊ç-ú≈ -§Ú-®·çC.)
Vinod: Did you participate in them? Did you
get any prizes?
(†’¢Ëy-´’Ø√o §ƒ™Ô_-Ø√o¢√? FÍé-´’Ø√o
•£æ›-´’-ûª’-™Ô-î√aߪ÷?)
Pramod: I did ofcourse, and won prizes too.
(§ƒ™Ô_-Ø√o†’. •£æ›-´’-ûª’©’
´î√a®·.)
´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ω π◊ report îËߪ’ôç ûÁ©’-Ææ’- π◊†o sentences ®Ω鬩’,
¢√öÀE report îËÊÆ °æü¿l¥-ûª’©’:
Type of sentence
(É°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀE îª÷úø-´’ç-ö«¢√? Å´’t
§∂ÚØ˛ îË≤ÚhçC. ؈’ ¢ÁçôØË ÉçöÀéÀ
¢Á∞«xL. ¢√öÀE -ØË-†’ Í®§Ò-*a-†-°æ¤púø’
îª÷°œç.)
Pramod: Do come down tomorrow. Just not
to see the prizes but to give me your
company. Don't disappoint me.
(Í®°æ¤ ûª°æpéπ ®√. Ø√ prizes îª÷úø-ö«-EéÀ
ÅE é¬ü¿’, é¬Ææh Ø√ûÓ í∫úÕ-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊. ††’o
E®√-¨¡-°æ-®Ω-îªèπ◊)
èπÿú≈
Vinod: OK. Bye then.
Method of Reporting (Reporting °æü¿l¥A)
3. Pramod: Why didn't you Pramod asks Vinod why he did- Pramod asked Vinod why he
tell me before leaving? n't tell him before leaving, and had not told him before leaving
Your college and home says that his college and home and said that his college and
are so far off that I could- home were too far off to get
are too far off to get any infor-
n't get any information. mation. Moreover he was busy any information. Moreover he
Moreover I was busy too, too with their college cultural had been busy too with their
with our college cultural
festivals. college cultural festivals.
festivals.
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Wh questions, statement combination Ééπ\úø.
4. Vinod: Did you participate Vinod is asking/ asks/ has Vinod asked Pramod if he had
in them? Did you get any asked Pramod if he participat- participated in any of them and
prizes? ed in any of them and if he got if he had got any prizes.
(Only non wh questions) any prizes.
5. Pramod: I did, of course Pramod replies that he did, Pramod replied that he had, of
and won prizes too. of course and won prizes too. course and had won prizes too.
(Statement)
6. Vinod: Congrats. What Vinod congratulates Pramod Vinod congratulated Pramod
prizes did you get? Did and asks him what prizes he and asked him what prizes he
you participate in debate?got, and if he participated in had got and if he had partici-
debates. pated in debates.
('Wh' question, non Wh question combination)

1. Imperative (Çïc©÷,
Report îËߪ÷-Lq† ´÷ô-™xE verb ´·çü¿’, to °öÀd infinitive îË≤ƒhç. EXERCISE: Report and practise aloud the rest of the conversation. Use both present and past
Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©÷ Report: tense reporting verbs. Compare your answer with ours:
ûÁLÊ°) sentences ANSWER:
Kamala is asking/ asks/ has asked Neelam to go away.
eg: Kamala: Neelam,
(Ééπ\úø, Kamala asked ÅØ√o èπÿú≈ to go away ÅØË ´Ææ’hçC) DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
go away.
Reporting verb present tense Reporting verb past tense
2. Statements

Report
(äéπ N≠æ- that Pramod tells Vinod that he got Pramod told Vinod that he had
îËߪ÷-Lq† ¶µ«í¬Eo ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. Pramod: I got prizes in
ߪ÷Eo ûÁLÊ° sen- light music, debate and prizes in ... , and asks him/ is ask- got prizes in ... , and asked him
Report:
tences)
a) Srikanth tells Rani that his sister has come back mimicry. Won't you see ing him/ has asked him if he won't if he wouldn't see his prizes. He
eg: Srikanth: Rani, my my prizes? Come in. see his prizes. He asks him to asked him to come in.
sister has come back b) Srikanth told Rani that his sister had come back
come in.
3. 'Wh' questions
Report question
îËߪ÷-Lq† 'wh'
¶µ«í¬Eo ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç* question Vinod: Do you want me Vinod asks Pramod if he wants Vinod asked Pramod if he want-
word order (vb + sub/ Hv + sub + Mv) †’ statement word order to see them now? him to see them then. He says ed him to see them then. He
eg:
(sub + verb) í¬ ´÷®Ωaôç Mom's calling me over that Mom is calling him over said Mom was calling him over
Sushma: Sumanth, phone. I have to be phone and he has to be urgently phone and he had to be urgent-
where are Report: a) Sushma is asking/ asks/ has asked Sumanth where he is
urgently at home. Show at home. He asks Pramod to ly at home. He asked Pramod to
you? b) Sushma asked Sumanth where he was show them to him tomorrow. show them to him the next day.
them to me tomorrow.
4. Non 'Wh' question
Report îËߪ÷Lq† ¶µ«í∫ç ´·çü¿’, If/ whether é¬F °öÀd °j example ™ Pramod: Do come Pramod tells/ is telling Vinod to Pramod told Vinod to come-
question word order †’ statement word order í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. down tomorrow, just not come down tomorrow, just not to down the next day, just not to
eg: ™«í¬
to see the prizes but to see the prizes but to give him his see the prizes but to give him
Kesav: Kedar, are Report: a) Kesav asks/ is asking/ has asked Kedar if he is coming.
give me your company. company. He asks Vinod not to his company. He asked Vinod
you coming? b) Kesav asked Kedar if he was coming
Don't disappoint me. disappoint him. not to disappoint him.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 1 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006
Ranjan: Oh... Is it you, Kundan? What a pleas-
ure it is to see you! It's nearly a year
since we met.
(àß˝’, †’¢√y èπ◊çü¿Ø˛. áçûª ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬
ÖçüÓ E†’o îª÷-úø-ö«-EéÀ! Ææç´-ûªq-®Ω-¢Á’içC
´’†ç éπ©’q-éÌE)
Kundan: How pleased I am to be with you
again!
(´’Sx FûÓ Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ áçûª ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬
ÖçüÓ-)
Ranjan: What a smart fellow you've grown into
in just a year! (äéπ\ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç™ØË áçûª
Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’çí¬ ´÷®√´¤!) (smart = ´’ç* -
ü¿’Ææ’h-©ûÓ Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’çí¬ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´ôç)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 192
Kundan: My job requires that I appear smart.
What a bore it is to turn out in these
clothes everyday! You don't know.
I have to get back again in a week.
(v°æA ®ÓV Ñ -ü¿’Ææ’h™x ûªßª÷-®Ω-´yôç
áçûª NÆæ’íÓ Féπ®Ωnç é¬ü¿’. ´’Sx ¢√®√-E-éÀ ¢ÁRx-
§Ú-¢√L.)
Ranjan: Here's something for a change, don't
worry.
(-É°æ¤p-úø’ é¬Ææh ´÷®Ω’p -éπ-L-T-ç-îË-C -Öç-C-™‰.
¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊)
Kundan: What is it?
Ranjan: You are here just when I am about to
have a mango. Happy. Let me treat
you to some wonderful mangoes.
They are from our own groves! fresh,
fleshy and juicy.
(´’ç* time éÌî√a´¤, ؈’ ´÷N’úÕ °æçúø’
A†-¶-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’. ´’ç* ´÷N’úÕ °æ∞¡xûÓ Fèπ◊
Nçü¿’ îËߪ’F. ÅN ´÷ ûÓô-™¢Ë. û√ñ«-N,
éπçúø, ®ΩÆæç Ö†oN. treat = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç,
(´’†ç Éûª-®Ω’© °æôx ÖçúË -B®Ω’) doctor,
patient èπ◊ ¢Ájü¿uç îËߪ’ôç. Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç–
1 verbs éÓÆæç report îËߪ’çúÕ.
EXCLAMATION
1. How cold the day is! The day is very cold
(áçûª îªLí¬ ÖçüÓ Ñ ®ÓV) (Ñ¢Ë∞¡ î√™« îªLí¬ ÖçC)
2. What a beautiful Car it is! The car is very beautiful
(Ç car áçûª Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçüÓ!) (Ç Car î√™« Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçC)
3. How well she sings! She sings very well.
(áçûª ¶«í¬ §ƒúø’hçüÓ!) (Å¢Á’ î√™« ¶«í¬ §ƒúø’-ûª’çC)
4. What a building it is! It is a very good/beautiful/big building.
(áçûª ´’ç*/Åçü¿-¢Á’i†/°ü¿l éπôd-úø¢Á÷!)
(ÅC î√™« ´’ç*/Åçü¿-¢Á’i†/°ü¿l éπôdúøç)
Direct Speech Report
2 Reporting Verb-Present
The Tourist: How The tourist exclaims
beautiful the that the scenery is
scenery is ! very beautiful.
DIRECT SPEECH
3 Reporting verb Present tense
Ranjan: What a pleas- Ranjan exclaims (to Kundan/on
ure it is to see you! seeing Kundan) that It is a great
pleasure to see him..
í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπ-ü∆. What a pleasure it is to see you! ÅØË exclamation†’ ¢Á·ü¿ô statement form™éÀ
´÷®√aç: It is a great pleasure to see him. ü∆Eo report î˨»ç. exclaims/exclaimed ÅØË reporting verb-ûÓ
Kundan: How pleased Kundan exclaims that he is
I am to be with you very pleased to be with Ranjan
again! again.
Ranjan: What a smart Ranjan exclaims that Kundan has
fellow you've grown into! grown into a very smart fellow.
Kundan: What a bore it Kundan exclaims that it is a big
is to turn out in these bore to turn out in these/those
clothes every day.
clothes every day!
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
-Nç-ü¿’ îËߪ’ôç, Ö™«xÆæç éπL_ç-îªôç).
(grove - ûÓô – äÍé ®Ωéπç îÁô’x-†oC)
Kundan: Yes, I smell them. How tempting their
very smell is!
(Å´¤†’. Ø√èπ◊ ¢√Ææ† ´≤ÚhçC. áçûª Çéπ-®Ω{-
ùí¬ ÖçüÓ ¢√öÀ ¢√Ææ†! tempting =
Çéπ-J{çîË.)
Ranjan: Here you are. Have it.
wh word + noun + Sub + verb
(ÉCíÓ, BÆæ’éÓ). É°æ¤púø’ Ñ statement †’ report îËߪ÷L. ('that'
Kundan: Haa.... how delicious it is! At my (í¬çDµ áçûª íÌ°æp Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊úÓ!) •ü¿’©’, exclaimed ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-î√-L)
How sweet the song is!
place of work, we don't get such fruit. 2.
'wh' word + adjective + Sub + Verb
(-õ‰-•’-™¸ 2 îª÷úøçúÕ.)
How sweet! É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç conversation at the beginning of
(Ç §ƒô áçûª ´’üµ¿’-®Ωçí¬ ÖçüÓ!)
(-Å-•s... áçûª ®Ω’*í¬ ÖçüÓ! ؈’ °æE-îËÊÆ the lesson™E exclamations report îËü∆lç:
îÓô É™«çöÀ °æ∞¡Ÿx üÌ®Ω-éπ´¤. áçûª Aߪ’uí¬ 3. How fast he bowls!
(-õ‰-•’-™¸ 3 îª÷úøçúÕ.)
'wh word + adverb + Sub + verb.
ÖçüÓ! The conversation above (table-3) is a mixture
Ranjan: Take some with (Noun: üËE-ÈéjØ√ ´’†ç ÉîËa Ê°®Ω’. Adjective-
of exclamation and statements.
you when you í∫’ù«Eo ûÁLÊ° °æü¿ç. Adverb - verb ûÁ™‰p °æE ᙫ (Ñ lesson v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç™ Ö†o Conversation ™
go. ïJ-TçüÓ îÁÊ°p ´÷ô)
Ææ÷n©çí¬ exclamation word order:
Statements and exclamations éπL-Ææ’-Ø√o®· éπü∆)
(†’¢Áy-∞Ïx-°æ¤púø’ éÌEo BÂÆ\∞¡Ÿx) Å™« éπL-Ææ’-†o-°æ¤úø’ report îËߪ’ôç èπÿú≈ ÉçûË.
Kundan: Thank you. wh word + noun/adjective/adverb + subject +
¢Á·ü¿ô exclamation †’ statement í¬ ´÷Ja,
´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊, impera- verb.
ü∆EûÓ §ƒô’ Éûª®Ω statement †’ èπÿú≈ report
tive sentences, state- What a leader Gandhi was! = ÉC Gandhi was
a very great leader ÅE ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ îÁ°æpôç.
îË≤ƒhç.
ments, 'wh' questions, eg: Direct Speech:
'non wh' questions report
M. SURESAN Å™«Íí The Taj Mahal is very beautiful - Ñ Ranjan: Oh... Is it you, Kundan? What a pleas-
(Indirect statement †’ ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ explanation ®Ω÷°æç™
îËߪ’ôç ure it is to see you! It's a year since we met.
speech™ îÁ°æpôç) îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. É°æ¤púø’ exclama- îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰ Report (present tense - reporting verb)
Ranjan surprised at seeing Kundan exclaims
that it is a great pleasure to see him (and
adds/says) that is a year since they met.
Ç §ƒô áçûª ´’üµ¿’-®Ωçí¬ ÖçüÓ! Report (past tense- Reported verb)
Rajan surprised at seeing Kundans exclaimed
that it was a great pleasure to see him, (and
How beautiful the Taj Mahal is! ņ-´îª ’a. added/said) that was a year since they had
tions (Ǩ¡a-®√uEo ûÁ™‰p ¢√é¬u©’/ £æ«®∏√-ûª’hí¬ ´’†èπ◊
(û√ñ¸´’£æ«™¸ áçûª Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçüÓ!– ÉC exclama- met.
éπLÍí ¶µ«¢√-©†’ ûÁ™‰p ¢√é¬u©’)†’ ᙫ report îËߪ÷™
tion- DØËo statementí¬ îÁÊ°h, Exclamation †’ report îËÊÆ full stop -ûÓ ÇÊ°Æœ,
îª÷ü∆lç:
The Taj Mahal is very beautiful Åçö«ç. statement part †’ éÌûªh sentence í¬ èπÿú≈
Let us first study the word order in an excla-
mation. Direct Speech™E exclamation †’ report îËߪ÷- îÁ§Òpa.
(´’†ç ´·çü¿’ exclamation ™ word order- ©çõ‰, ´·çü¿’ ¢√öÀE statement í¬ ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊çö«ç. Eg: Ranjan surprised at seeing Kundan
´÷ô© Å´’-Jéπ îª÷ü∆lç) (-õ‰-•’-™¸ 1 îª÷úøçúÕ.) exclaims that it is a great pleasure to see him.
¢Á·-ü¿ô ´’†ç report îËߪ÷-Lq† exclamation †’ He says that it is a year since they met.
Look at the following exclamations:
É™« statement ™éÀ ´÷Ja, Ç ûª®√yûª statement †’ Exercise: Conversation at the beginning of
1. What a leader Gandhi was! the lesson N’í∫û√ ¶µ«í¬Eo ¢Á·ûªhç (StatementsûÓ
report îËÆ œ-†-ô’d that ûÓ begin îËÆ œ report îËߪ÷L.
The Tourist: How beautiful the Scenery is! Ææ£æ…) Present tense and past tense reporting
Spoken English -éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ. URL:
STATEMENT É°æ¤-úø’- ´’-†ç °j exclamation -†’ report îËߪ÷L.
http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Åç-ûªèπ◊ ´·ç-üË ´’†ç Ç exclamation †’ statement (-õ‰-•’-™¸ 4 îª÷úøç-úÕ)
í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. (The scenery is very beautiful)
ANSWER to the exercise 4
DIRECT SPEECH REPORT
Present tense Reporting verb Past tense Reporting verb
Ranjan: Here's something Ranjan tells Kundan that there Ranjan told Kundan that there
for a change. Don't Worry is something for a change and was something for a change
asks him not to worry. and asked him not to worry.
Reporting Verb-Past Kundan: What it is? Kundan asks him what it is. Kundan asked him what it was.
The tourist exclaimed
that the scenery Ranjan: You are here just Ranjan tells Kundan that he is Ranjan told Kundan that he was
was very beautiful. when I am about to have a there just when he is about to there just when he (Ranjan) was
mango. Happy. Let me treat have a mango. Ranjan is happy. about to have a mango. He was
you to some wonderful He wishes to treat Kundan to happy. He wished to treat
INDIRECT SPEECH -REPORT mangoes. They are from some wonderful mangoes. They Kundan to some wonderful
Reporting verb Past tense our own groves - fresh, are from their groves - fresh, mangoes - they were from their
fleshy and juicy. fleshy and juicy. groves - fresh, fleshy and juicy.
Ranjan exclaimed (to Kundan/on
seeing Kundan) that it was a
Kundan: Yes. I smell them. Kundan (says yes) and that he Kundan (said yes) and that he
great pleasure to see him)
How tempting the smell is! smells them. He exclaims that smelt them. He exclaimed that
the smell is very tempting. the smell was very tempting.
Ranjan: Here you are. Have it. Ranjan offers the mango to Ranjan offered the mango to
Kundan exclaimed that he was Kundan Kundan.
very pleased to be with Ranjan Kundan exclaims that it is very Kundan exclaimed that it was
Kundan: Haa... how deli-
again. delicious. They don't get such very delicious. They didn't get
cious it is! At my place of
Ranjan exclaimed that Kundan had work we don't get such fruit fruit at his place of work. They such fruit at his place of work.
grown into a very smart fellow. how sweet! are/it is very sweet. they were/ it was very sweet.
Kundan exclaimed that it was a
big bore to turn out in these Ranjan: Take some with Ranjan asks Kundan to take Ranjan asked Kundan to take
clothes everyday. you when you go. some with him when he goes. some with him when he went
í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 3 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Pratibha: Hi Mahima. How glad I am to see

Å™« report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ N’í∫û√ ÅEo ®Ω鬩
you! How is everybody in your vil-
sentence word order statement word
†’
lage?
order ™éÀ ´÷®Ω’-≤ƒh-´’E ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. ÉC î√™«
(áçûª ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖØ√oØÓ E†’o îª÷úø- ´·êuç report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’. Å®·ûË î√™«-´’çC
í¬ØË, O’ Ü∞x Åçü¿®Ω÷ ᙫ ÖØ√o®Ω’?) sentences word order
§ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊©’ í∫’Jç*, ¢√öÀE
Mahima: We are all OK. Thank you. How are statement word order ™éÀ ᙫ ´÷®√aL
you? report
ÅE Åúø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. ÉC ûÁL-ߪ’-éπ-§ÚûË
Pratibha: Fine too. Thank you. What news? îËߪ’ôç Å≤ƒüµ¿uç.
Did the local body elections go off Ñ sentence ®Ω鬩’, Ææç•ç-Cµûª N´-®√-©†’
well in your place? spoken English -É-C-´®Ωéπ-öÀ lessons ™ î√™« b) They play well -
´’†ç Direct speech report
†’
îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’,ques-
(èπ◊™«≤ƒØË. Thank you. àçöÀ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’? N´-®Ωçí¬ ûÁL§ƒç. î√™«-´’çC Ç lessons miss They (Subject) + play (verb) + ..
tion statement order
†’ ™ report
îË≤ƒhç. Åçõ‰
≤ƒnEéπ áEo-éπ-™„™« ïJ-í¬®· O’ Ü∞x?) îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆: Statement ™ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬
Åߪ·uç-ö«-®ΩØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ É°æ¤púø’ ´’S} N´- subject
†’ verb
´·çü¿ ®Ω °úøû √ç. Imperative
Mahima: Didn't you read about them all in the ´·ç-ü¿’ subject
, ûª®√y-ûªverb ´≤ƒh®·.
J-Ææ’hØ√oç. í∫´’-Eç* í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ. sentence to
´·çü¿’ °öÀd v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. Exclamation
papers? What did you watch on the 2 a) Non Wh question:
ûÁ©’-í∫’-¢√-éπuç™ à ´÷ô áéπ\-úø’Ø√o Å®Ωnç †’ ´·çü¿’ statement
í¬ ´÷Ja reportîË≤ƒhç.
TV? i) Is he a singer?
´÷®Ωü¿’. ®√´·úø’ ®√´ù’úÕE îªç§ƒúø’– Ñ Method of reporting: 1) statement
[Is (verb) + he (Subject) + ...]
(°ævA-éπ™x îªü¿-´-™‰ü∆ ¢√ô-EoçöÀ í∫’Jç*? ¢√éπu¢Ë’ BÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. DE™ à ´÷ô áéπ\-úø - Kamala to Karuna:
ii) Are they playing-
Éçü¿’™ verb, Are play-
TV ™ àç îª÷¨»´¤?) Öç*Ø√ Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ωü¿’. ®√´ù’úÕE ®√´·úø’ Sita came here yesterday (statement)
ing-É™« verb
™ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ´÷ô-©’çõ‰
Pratibha: I did, of course. But it is different to îªç§ƒúø’/ îªç§ƒúø’ ®√´·úø’ ®√´-ù’-úÕE– ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ´÷ô†’ helping verb,
N’í∫û√ Report: a) Kamala says to Karuna that Sita
hear about them from one like you on É™« ´÷ô-©†’ ¢√éπuç™ ᙫ ´÷JaØ√ Å®Ωnç ´÷ô-©†’ main verb
Åçö«ç. 鬕öÀd came there yesterday (Reporting
the scene. ´÷®Ωü¿’ éπü∆. Are they playing? Word order: verb - Present tense)
(îªC-¢√†’, îª÷¨»††’éÓ. é¬E Ææç°∂æ’-ô† -É°æ¤p-úø’ English ™ try îËߪ’çúÕ: Are (helping verb) + they (subject)+ playing? b) Kamala told Karuna that Sita had come
Ææn©ç™ Ö†o F™«çöÀ ¢√∞¡x ü¿í∫_-®Ω-†’ç* Rama killed Ravana- (main verb) yesterday.
N†ôç ¢ËÍ®.) Ñ ¢√éπuç™ Ñ ´÷ô© îÓôx†’ ´÷®ΩaçúÕ– 2 b) Wh questions: 2) 'wh' question report
†’ wh +
îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’,
Mahima: Get me some water first. i) Where are they? question word order:
Ñ verb + subject/ wh + helping verb + subject +
Å®Ωnç ᙫ ´÷J-§Ú-ûª’çüÓ
Where (Wh word) + are (verb) + they (subject) main verb wh word + subject + verb
†’,
Pratibha: Have some coffee too. O’Íé ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC.
structure ™éÀ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç.
(é¬Ææh coffee èπÿú≈ BÆæ’éÓ) Rama killed Ravana ii) Where are they going?-
3) Imperative sentences †’ report îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊,
-ÉD, Where (Wh word) + are (helping verb) +
imperative part
´·çü¿’ °öÀd infinitive îË≤ƒhç.
to
Ravana killed Rama they (subject) + going (main verb)
4) Exclamations †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀE
- Åçõ‰ question π◊ 4 word orders ÖØ√o®·:
äÍé Å®Ωnç É´y-éπ-§Úí¬ ´·çü¿’ statement word order™éÀ ´÷Ja,
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 193
´uAÍ®éπ Å®√n-©-E-Ææ’h-Ø√o®· i) Verb + Subject statement ™«í¬ that ûÓ report v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.
M. SURESAN ii) Helping verb + Subject + Main verb
éπü∆. Exclamation: a) How well she sings!
(Ç¢Á’ áçûª ¶«í¬ §ƒúø’-ûª’çüÓ!)
ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ DEo statement í¬ ´÷®Ωaôç:

These politicians, oh, God! She sings very well.

(Ç¢Á’ î√™« ¶«í¬ §ƒúø’-ûª’çC.)
b) Exclamation: How tall he is!
(ÅûªØÁçûª §Òúø’íÓ!)
ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ DEéÀ statement form:
Mahima: Thank you. Now about the elections. Åçü¿’-éπE English sentences ™ à ´÷ô iii) Wh word + Verb + Subject He is very tall. (Åûªúø’ î√™« §Òúø’í∫’)
I'm happy they are all over. Oh, what Öçú≈-Lq† îÓô ÅC Öçú≈L. îÓô’-´÷-JûË Å®Ωnç iv) Wh word+Helping verb+Subject+Main verb Exercise: Report the conversation at the
have we been through! You just can't ´÷J-§Ú-ûª’çC. Word order (´÷ô© Å´’-Jéπ) Very important: Wh questions ™í¬F, Non beginning of this lesson.
imagine. î√™« ´·êuç. ÅC îª÷ü∆lç É°æ¤púø’. Wh questions subject
™í¬F á°æ¤púø÷, verb
English ™ 4 ®Ω鬩 sentences ¢√úøû√ç. helping verb
(áEo-éπ-©-®·-§Ú-ߪ÷-ߪ’E ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC. ûª®√y-ûª-í¬F, ûª®√-ûªy-í¬F ´≤ÚhçC éπü∆.
´÷N ᙫçöÀ ņ’-¶µº-¢√™ †’´¤y Ü£œ«çîª- 1. Statement (äéπ N≠æߪ’ç ûÁLÊ° sentence)- ´’†ç questions É™«Íí Åúø-í¬L. Å°æ¤púË correct.
™‰´¤) ÉC™« Öçô’çC/ ÅC Å™« îÁߪ÷uL 3) Imperative sentences:

-v°æ-¨¡o:
Pratibha: That's why I asked you to tell me
™«çöÀ Å®√n-©ûÓ É´Fo Çïc©’, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷ ûÁL-Ê°N–
2. Questions: ÉN Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’– v°æ¨¡o©’– eg: a) come in ( =you come in) = (Asking)
about them.
È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩’: b) Please help me (you please come in- request) What is the difference between ..
(Åçü¿’-éπØË éπü∆ E†’o îÁ§ƒp-©çC)
a) 'Wh' questions - What, Which, Where, c) Get out (you get out) - order. a) The Eenadu was published first from
Mahima: Many people didnot find their names
When, Why, Who, Whom, Whose and Vizag.
on the voter lists. Liquor flowed (Oô-Eoç-öÀéà subject 'you' ØË. ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬
how Wh
™«çöÀ v°æ¨»o-®Ωnéπ °æü∆©’– É´Fo ûÓ b) The Eenadu was published first in Vizag.
freely. Money- lots of it- passed ´C-™‰≤ƒhç)
'Wh' Words
¢Á·ü¿-©-´¤-û√®· 鬕öÀd– OöÀE c) The Eenadu was first published in Vizag.
hands. There were group clashes 4) Exclamations:
Åçö«ç.
and faction fights. We passed a) What a fool you are!
-ï-¢√-•’:
– G. £æ«†’-´’çûª®√´¤, ´÷Ωx.
b) Non 'Wh' questions- 'Wh' words ™‰E
through the worst of the tension. What (Wh word) + a fool (noun) + you
questions.
(î√™«-´’çC Ê°®Ω’x ãô®Ωx ñ«G-û√™ ™‰´¤. (sub) + are (verb) Ç ´‚úø’ ¢√é¬u™x The Eenadu was pub-
3. Imperative sentences: Çïc©÷, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, lished from Vizag ÅØËC éπÈ®é˙d. N’í∫û√
´’ü¿uç üµ∆®√-∞¡çí¬ §ƒJçC. °-ü¿l-¢Á·-ûªhç™ b) How good he is! - How (Wh word) + good
Åúø-í∫-ö«©÷ ûÁLÊ° sentences. È®çúø÷ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. publish Åçõ‰ v°æ-Jç-
úø•’s îËûª’©’ ´÷JçC. ´®Ω_-§Ú-®√-ö«©÷ (adj) + he (sub) + is (verb)
4. Exclamations: Ǩ¡a-®√uEo, £æ«®∏√-ü∆s¥-¢√-©†÷
ïJ-í¬®·. î√™« tension ņ’¶µº-Nçî√ç) ûÁL-Ê°N: c) How well he plays!
îªôç – Åçõ‰ °ævA-éπ© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ¢Á©’-´-úøôç
Pratibha: We pride on being a democratic How (Wh word) + well (adv) + he (sub) +
ÅE Å®Ωnç. °ævA-éπ©’ -äéπ-îÓ-ô ´·vü¿ù Å®·-†-
Let us now study the word order in each °æp-öÀéÃ, Åéπ\úÕ †’ç* N’í∫û√îÓôxèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡-û√®·
Country. plays (verb)
of the four types of sentences and how 鬕öÀd published from Åçö«®Ω’.
(´’†ç àüÓ v°æñ«-≤ƒy´’u ü˨¡-´’E í∫®Ωy- they can be changed into the statement 4 kinds of sentences word order Ææ÷n©çí¬:
°æ-úøû√ç) word order. (This is very important for
Statement Question Imperative sentence Exclamation
Mahima: These politicians, oh, God! Reporting, direct speech).
(
Ñ ®√ï-éÃߪ’ Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊©’ î√©’. Word Order in .. Subject + Verb 1) Verb + Subject You (subject îÁ°æpç) + Wh word + noun/
2) Helping Verb + Subject + verb. adjective/ adverb +
üË´¤-úÓß˝’!) 1) Statement: Statement word order: Subject +
verb. statement Subject Main Verb verb sub + verb.
´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Imperative structures, Åçõ‰ ™ á°æ¤púø÷ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ ´·çü¿’
statements, questions ('wh', non-wh), excla- ´·çü¿÷, ûª®Ω-¢√ûª verb ´≤ƒh®·. É°æ¤púø’ îª÷úøçúÕ: 3) Wh word + Verb + Subject éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. Question ™-™« é¬èπ◊çú≈
mations report îËߪ’ôç (Indirect speech ™ a) He is a singer - word order- 4) Wh word + Helping Verb + You á°æ¤púø÷ subject. Ééπ\úø sentence *´®Ω
îÁ°æpôç) îª÷¨»ç. He (Subject) + is (verb) + ... Subject + Main Verb N†-°æ-úøü¿’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤. verb ¢√úøû√ç.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 5 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006
Rohit: It is raining now. How shall I go?
(´®Ω{ç ´≤ÚhçC. ᙫ ¢Á∞¡x†’?)
Rajat: You have to, some how. Otherwise we
can't get the tickets and we shall be
missing the movie.
(ᙫ-ÈíjØ√ ¢Á∞«xL †’´¤y. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ´’†ç öÀÈéö¸q
ûÁa-éÓ™‰ç, ÆœE´÷ miss Å´¤û√ç).
Rohit: You're not ready yet.
(†’Nyçé¬ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´-™‰ü¿’)
Rajat: You have a friend at the theatre, don't
you? Take his help to get the tickets
(Fèπ◊ Theatre ™ friend ÖØ√oúø’ éπü∆.
¢√úÕ ≤ƒßª’çûÓ öÀÈéö¸q BÆæ’éÓ)
Rohit: Shall I go now and wait for you at the
hall?
(É°æ¤púø’ -ØË-†’ ¢ÁRx öÀÈéö¸q BÆæ’-èπ◊E FéÓÆæç
£æ…©’ ü¿í∫_®Ω áü¿’®Ω’îª÷úøØ√?)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 194
It is raining now...
Rajat: Do. As soon as I get there, I shall call
you and we can meet each other.
(Å™« -îÁß˝’. ؈’ -C∑µßË’-ô®˝ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ®√í¬ØË, ÉçéÓ Example:
Fèπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛ îË≤ƒh. ´’E-ü¿l®Ωç éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´îª’a.) Sankar: Shall I be happy if I accept the job?
Rohit: Shall I take the bike?
(؈’ Bike BÆæ’-éÓØ√?)
Rajat: How shall I come then?
(ØËØÁ™« ®√†’?)
Rohit: Shall I come back and pick you up?
(؈’ AJ-íÌ*a E†’o BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡xØ√?)
Rajat: Don't worry. I shall take an auto.
(°∂æ®√y-™‰-ü¿’™‰. ؈’ Çö™ ´≤ƒh.)
Rohit: I shall get going then.
(Å®·ûË Øˆ’ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’û√)
Rajat: Do. (é¬F.)
É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ÅEo ®Ω鬩 sentences Kumar: Shall I help you?
†÷ report îËÊÆ Nüµ∆†ç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. Å®·ûË
shall ûÓ Ö†o questions †’ report -îËÊÆ N≠æ-
ߪ’ç™ éÌçûª ñ«ví∫ûªh Å´-Ææ®Ωç.
Present day English usage ™ shall èπÿ
will èπÿ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ àç ûËú≈ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ¢√úË-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.
shall ¢√ú≈-Lq† îÓô™«x, ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅEo-îÓö«x will
¢√úË-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. Shall, will -´’-üµ¿u ûËú≈-†’ -É°æ¤p-úø’
Åçûªí¬ °æöÀdç-éÓ-´-úøç-™‰-ü¿’. Å®·ûË I and we ûÓ
questions èπ◊ ´÷vûªç Éçé¬ áèπ◊\-´í¬ shall
¢√úø’-ûª÷ØË ÖØ√o®Ω’.
Shall †’ I and we ûÓ question form ™ È®çúø’
®Ωé¬-©’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç:
1) Indefinite future- ´’†ç éπ*aûªçí¬ Ü£œ«ç-îª-™‰E/
´’†èπ◊ future ™ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çü∆/ ï®Ω-í∫ü∆ ÅE
ÆæJí¬_ ûÁL-ߪ’E N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ í∫’Jç* question ™
´ÊÆh shall ¢√ú≈L.
a) Shall I ever become great? =
؈’ àØ√öÀ-ÈéjØ√ íÌ°æp-¢√-úÕ-†-´¤-û√Ø√?
b) Shall I be happy there? =
؈-éπ\úø ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Öçö«Ø√?
c) Shall We need these books after we com-
plete the course? =
éÓ®Ω’q °æ‹®Ωh®·-† ûª®√yûª ´’†èπ◊ -Ç •’é˙q Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷?
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
2) ´’†ç îËߪ’-¶ßË’ °æ†’©÷, requests, permis-
sions èπ◊ ÅúÕÍí question form ™ shall ¢√ú≈L.
a) Shall I help you? (ØË-†’ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’Ø√?)
b) Shall we wait till tomorrow?
(Í®°æ-öÀ-ü∆é¬ Çí∫-´’ç-ö«®√?)
c) When shall we start?
(´’´’tLo á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-´’ç-ö«®Ω’?/
¢Ë’ç á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-©’-üË-®√L?)
First type of questions ™E shall †’ report
îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, reporting verb, present tense ™ DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Reporting verb present tense Reporting verb past tense
Öçõ‰, shall •ü¿’©’ will ´Ææ’hçC.
a) Pranav: 'Shall I ever become rich?' Rohit: Shall I go now and Rohit asks Rajat if he should go Rohit asked Rajat if he should go
Santhi: You will, of course. wait for you at the at once and wait for him at the at once and wait for him at the
hall? hall. hall.
DEo report îËü∆lç.
Rohit: Shall I take the Rohit is asking Rajat if he can Rohit asked Rajat if he should
Pranav is asking/ has
bike? take the bike. take the bike.
asked Santhi, if he will
Rajat: How Shall I come Rajat asks/ is asking Rohit how Rajat asked Rohit how he would
ever become rich.
then? he will come then. come then.
Santhi assured him he
Rohit: Shall I come back Rohit is asking/asks Rajat if he Rohit asked Rajat if he should
will.
and pick you up? should come back and pick him up. come back and pick him up.
ÅüË reported verb past
tense
•ü¿’©’
™ Öçõ‰
would
shall
´Ææ’hçC. M. SURESAN
Exercise: Report the whole conversation between Rohit and Rajat at the beginning of the lesson -
with the reporting verb both in the present tense and past tense.
Answer to exercise under lesson 193
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Reporting verb present tense Reporting verb past tense
Pratibha: Hi Mahima, how Pratibha tells she is very glad to Pratibha told Mahima that she
glad I am to see you! How see mahima and asks her if was very glad to see Mahima and
Pranav asked Santhi if he would ever
is everybody in your vil- every body is well in her village. asked her if everybody was well in
become rich. Santhi assured that he would. her village.
lage?
Mahima: We are all OK. Mahima says they are all OK. She Mahima said that they were all
OK. She thanked Pratibha and
Thank you. How are you. thanks Pratibha and asks her how she is. asked her how she was.
Ramani: You will be, certainly. Pratibha: Fine too. Thank Pratibha says she is fine too. She Pratibha said that she was fine
Reporting Verb Reported Verb you, what news? Did the thanks her and asks her for news. too. She thanked her and asked
Present tense Past tense local body elections in She asks her if the local body elec- her if the local body elections in
your village go off well? tions in her village went off well. her village had gone off well.
Sankar is asking Sankar asked
Mahima: Didn't you read Mahima asks Pratibha if she did- Mahima asked Pratibha if she had
Ramani if he will be Ramani if he would
about them in the papers n't read about them in the not read about them in the papers
happy if he accepts be happy if he
what did you watch on papers, and what she watched and what she had watched on the
the job. accepted the job.
the TV? on the TV. TV.
Ramani assures him Ramani assured
Pratibha: I did of course. Pratibha says/replies that she Pratibha replied that she had
that he will be, cer- him that he would
But it is different to hear did but it is different to hear about done but it was different to hear
tainly. be, certainly.
about them from one like them from one like her on the about them from one like her on
you on the scene. scene. the scene.
É°æ¤púø’ shall -¢√-úË È®çúÓ °æ-ü¿l¥-A:
Mahima: Get me some Mahima wants some water. Mahima asked for some water
water first.
ÉC Kumar îËÆæ’h†o offer. Reporting verb
Pratibha: Have some Pratibha offers some coffee too. Pratibha offered some coffee too.
present tense Å®·ûË, Kumar is asking her
Coffee too.
if he can help her. Å®·ûË É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™–
Mahima: Thank you. Now Mahima thanks Pratibha. About Mahima thanked Pratibha. About
(spoken English ™) He is offering to help the elections she (says she) is the election she (said she) was
about the elections. I'm
her -Å-†-úøç Öûªh´’ç. happy they are all over. She says happy they were all over. She said
happy they are all over.
ÉüË reported verb past tense ™ Å®·ûË. Oh what we have been Pratibha cannot imagine what Pratibha could not imagine what
Kumar asked Santhi if he should help her through you just can't they have been through. they had been through.
Å´¤-ûª’çC. Åçõ‰ É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx, ´’†ç îËߪ’-¶ßË’ imagine.
°æ†’© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™, shall •ü¿’©’ should Pratibha: That's why I Pratibha says that's why she Pratibha said that was why she
´Ææ’hçC. asked you to tell me asked her to tell her all about had asked her to tell her all about
Prasad: When shall I see you again? about them. them. them.
Pramod: You can see me whenever you like. Mahima: Many people did Mahima says that many people Mahima said that many people
Prasad asked Pramod when he should see not find their names on did not find their names on the had not found their names on the
him again. Pramod told him that he could the voter list. Liquor voter list, that liquor flowed voter list that liquor had flowed
flowed freely. Money- lots freely, that money- lots of it- freely that money- lots of it- had
see him whenever he liked.
of it changed hands. changed hands and that there changed hands and that there had
Now look at the following conversation at
There were group clash- were group clashes and faction been group clashes and faction
the beginning of the lesson:
es and faction fights. We fights. They passed through fights. they had passed through
1) Rohit (to Rajat): How shall I go? the worst of tension.
passed through the worst worst of tension.
Report: Rohit asked Rajat how he should go. of tension.
(Reporting verb - past tense). Pratibha: We pride on Pratibha says we pride on being Pratibha said we prided on being
Rohit asks Rajat how he can go. being a democratic country a democratic country. a democratic country.
(Reporting Verb - present tense - É™«çöÀîÓôx Mahima:These politicians, Mahima expresses her disgust Mahima expressed her disgust of
can ¢√úø’éπ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç) Oh, God. of politicians.
(üËy≠æç/-Å-Ææ£æ«uç) politicians.
-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 7 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Darsan: How about eating out today? advice?

(•ßª’-õ„-éπ\-úøØ√o (hotel™) ¶µç-îË-ü∆l´÷?) (†ØËoç îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«-N-°æ¤púø’? F Ææ©£æ… à-N’-öÀ?)
Vardhan: That's ok with me. I welcome the Kumar: Buy it if you like. What can I say?
change. (FéÀ-≠d-¢æ Á’iûË é̆’éÓ\. ØËØËç îÁ°æp-í∫-©†’?)
(Ø√èπ◊ Ææ´’t-ûª¢Ë’. é¬Ææh ´÷®Ω’p Ø√èπÿ ÆæçûÓ- Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù†’ Kumar report îËߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ È®çúø’
≠æ¢Ë’) Nüµ∆-©’í¬ îËߪ’-´îª’a–
Darsan: Which restaurant shall we go to? 1) Åçû√ rules v°æ鬮Ωç.
(à restaurant Èé∞«lç?) 2) Spoken form of English (´÷´‚©’ English
Vardhan: Let's try 'Vindu Vilas' today. Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™) informalí¬ report îËߪ’ôç..
(Ñ¢√∞¡ Nçü¿’ -N-™«Æˇ èπ◊ -§Ú-ü∆ç) Compare the following Table -3
Darsan: Isn't that a long way off? Moreover it's REPORT
DIRECT SPEECH
(--õ‰-•’-™¸ -1 -îª÷-úøç-úÕ)
threatening to rain. I am afraid we
Formal (According to rules) Informal (Spoken Form)
might get drenched on our way back. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Informal í¬ (´÷´‚©’ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù Darsan: How about a) Present Tense Present Tense
(ÅC ü¿÷®Ωç éπü∆? ´®Ω{ç ´îËa-ô’dí¬ èπÿú≈ ÖçC. AJ-íÌ- ®Ω÷°æç™) report îËߪ’ôç áçûª Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçüÓ. eating out today Darsan asks Vardhan how about eat- Darsan suggests that they eat
îËa-ô-°æ¤púø’ ûª-úø’≤ƒh-¢Ë’-¢Á÷). threatening to rain - ´®Ω{- Å®·ûË §ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊-©-éÌéπ Ææ÷: ¢Á·ü¿ô ¶«í¬ rules
Ææ÷- ¶«í¬ Öçúøôç. Å®·ûË threaten èπ◊ ´÷´‚©’ ing out that day. out that day.
v°æ鬮Ωç report îËߪ’ôç practice îËÆœ† ûª®Ω-¢√-ûË spo-
Å®Ωnç – ¶„C-Jç-îªôç. Don't try to threaten me = ken form™ informal í¬ b) Past Tense:
Darsan suggested that they eat
††’o ¶„C-Jç-îª-ö«-EéÀ v°æߪ’-Aoç-îÌü¿’l. report îËߪ’ôç practice Darsan asked Vardhan how about
Vardhan: Why don't we go to Eat 'n' joy? It's out that day.
îËߪ’çúÕ: É°æ¤púø’ °j Ææç-¶µ«-≠æ- eating out that day.
not far off. ùØË past tense ™ report Vardhan is for it and welcomes
(Eat'nJoy Èéçü¿’-Èé-∞¡x-èπÿ-úøü¿’. Å-üË-´ ’ç-ûª a) Vardhan says it is OK with him and
Vardhan: That's OK
îËü∆lç: that he welcomes the change the change.
ü¿÷®Ωç é¬ü¿’.) with me. I welcome
Darsan: If I were you, I wouldn't even think of
(--õ‰-•’-™¸ 2 -îª÷-úøç-úÕ) Vardhan said it was OK with him and Vardhan was for it/ agreed to it
the change
it. The food there is rotten. ´’†ç English ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’- that he welcomed the change. and welcomed the change.
(؈’ †’-¢Áj yûË, ü∆E í∫’-Jç-* Ç™-*ç-’. †o-°æ¤púø’ report îËߪ’ôç Darsan: Which a) Darsan asks which restaurant a) Darsan asks about the restau-
M. SURESAN they will go to. rant they will go to.
restaurant shall we go
to? b) Darsan asked which restaurant b) Darsan asked about the
that would go to. restaurant they would go to

If I were you... Vardhan: Let's try

Vindu Vilas today

Darsan: Isn't it a long

Åéπ\úø food îÁûªh-™«í¬ -Öç-ôç--C).
(rotten - ÅÆæ-©®Ωnç ´·J-T-§Ú-®·†.
Aô’d °æü¿çí¬ áèπ◊\´ ¢√ú≈h®Ω’.)
Vardhan: You say, 'Vindu Vilas' is a long way
a) Vardhan suggest that they try
Vindu Vilas that day.
b) Vardhan suggested that they
try Vindu Vilas that day
a) Vardhan suggests trying
Vindu Vilas that day/suggests
Vindu Vilas
b) Vardhan suggested trying
Vindu Vilas.
a) Darsan asks Vardhan if it is not a a) Darsan feels it is long way off.
way off? Moreover it's long way off, and says that it's threat- Moreover it is threatening to rain
é¬E threatening to rain. I ening to rain and adds that he is and is afraid they might get
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 195
am afraid we might
get drenched on our
afraid they might get drenched on
their way back
drenched on their way back

off. Eat 'n' Joy doesn't serve good way back. b) Darsan felt it was a long way
b) Darsan asked if it was not a long
food. So where shall we go now? î√™« Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ simple í¬ Öçô’çC éπü∆. Å™« Öçú≈- way off, and said that it was threat- off. Moreover it was threatening
('Nçü¿’— ü¿÷®Ω-´’ç-ö«´¤. Eat'n'Joy ™ ©çõ‰ ´÷öÀ-´÷-öÀéà told, asked ™«çöÀ reporting ening to rain and added that he was to rain and feared (that) they
food ¶«í∫’ç-úø-ü¿ç-ö«´¤ -´’-È®éπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«lç) verbs, he added, he further said ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©÷ afraid that they might get drenched... might..
Darsan: Why not the restaurant at Hotel ¢√úøôç é¬Ææh ᶄsô’dí¬ Öçô’çC. ÅüË °æK-éπ~™x (X Vardhan: Why don't a) Vardhan asks why they don't go to a) Vardhan proposes/ suggests
Manpreet? (Manpreet Èé∞Ïh?) Class, Inter, Degree) reported speech -†’ direct we go to Eat 'n'joy? Eat 'n'Joy and adds that it is not far off. Eat 'n' Joy. it is not far off.
Vardhan: That's ok for me. Let's start then. speech™éÀ ´÷Ja-†-°æ¤púø’ Å™« ®√ߪ’ôç correct. It's not far off.
b) Vardhan asked why they b) Vardhan proposed/suggested
(Ø√éÀ-≠d¢æ Ë’. °æü¿ •ßª’-™‰l®√lç.) É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç -îÁ°æ¤pèπ◊ç-ô’-†o-C Spoken English é¬E,
Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ÅEo ®Ω鬩 sentences †’ written English é¬ü¿’ éπü∆. Practice îËÆæ’h-†oD didn't go to Eat 'n' Joy and adds Eat 'n' Joy. It was not
report îËߪ ’ôç ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆. Å®·ûË Columns ™. Åçü¿’-éπE natural í¬ NEpçîË spoken that it is not far off far off.
Spoken English ™ Éûª®Ω’-© ´÷ô-©†’ report forms ØË practice îËü∆lç. Let us now try to report
îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ éÌEo ≤ƒ®Ω’x strictly grammatical í¬ the conversation at the beginning of the lesson. Table -4
report îËߪ’ôç éÌçîÁç ví¬ç-C∑-éπçí¬ éπ-E°œç-îª-úø¢Ë’ strictly according to the rules and informally, DIRECT SPEECH
REPORT
é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÅÆæ-£æ«-ïçí¬ èπÿú≈ -Öç-ô’ç-C. éÀçC Ææ綵«- with the reporting verb in the present form and according to rules Informal (Spoken Form)
≠æù report îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ v°æߪ’-Aoç-îªçúÕ: the past form as well. (--õ‰-•’-™¸ 3 -îª÷-úøç-úÕ) Darsan: If I were you, a) Darsan tells vardhan that if he Darsan Says if he were Vardhan
I Wouldn't even think were he, he wouldn't think of it and he wouldn't think of it and calls
Samir: What shall I do now? What's your Spoken form ™ informal í¬ report of it. The food there is
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆. that the food there is rotten. the food there rotten. He has no
îËߪ’ôç áçûª simple rotten.
Table -1 b) Darsan told vardhan that if he good word for the food there.
Kumar's Report In present Tense
í¬, natural í¬ éπEp- b) Darsan said that if he had been
Direct Speech ≤ÚhçüÓ. Å®·ûË Å™« had been he, he woudn't have even
According to Rules Informal (Ææç-¶µ«-≠æ-ù®Ω÷°æç) vardhan he wouldn't have even
îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ Direct thought of it and that the food there
thought of it and called the food
Samir: What shall Speech ™E ¶µ«´ç was rotten.
Samir is asking me what Samir is unable to there rotten / he had no good
I do now? What's àO’ îÁúø-èπ◊çú≈ -ñ«-ví∫-ûªh °æ-
he should do now and decide and is asking for Vardhan: You say a) Vardhan Observes that Darsan word for the food there.
your advice? ú≈-L.-Å™« ÖçúË Nüµ¿çí¬
what my advice is. my advice. 'Vindu Vilas' is a long says that Vindu Vilas is a long way a) Darsan feels Vindu Vilas is a
informal í¬ report
way off. Eat'n'Joy
I am telling him to buy it off and Eat'n'Joy doesn't serve good long way off, and Eat 'n' Joy
Kumar: Buy it if I am telling him to buy it îËߪ÷-©çõ‰ éÌçîÁç doesn't serve good doesn't serve good food, so
if he likes and that
you like. What can I if he likes and am asking vocabulary
food. So where shall
food. He asks where they will go
where will they go now.
him what I can say. there is nothing I can
say? (°æü¿Ææç°æü¿) Å´-Ææ®Ωç. now.
say / for me to say. we go now?
ÅC Öçõ‰ informal b) Vardhan observed that Darsan b) Vardhan Felt that Vindu Vilas
report î√™« Ææ’©¶µºç.
said that Vindu Vilas was long way was a long way off, Eat 'n'Joy did-
Table -2 Exercise: Report off and Eat 'n' Joy didn't serve good n't serve good food, so where
Kumar's Report (Past Tense) aloud the rest of the would they go Now?.
Direct Speech food. He Asked him, where they
According to Rules Informal (Ææç-¶µ«-≠æ-ù ®Ω÷°æç) conversation at the
would go.
beginning of the les- a) Darsan asks why they spend not a) Darsan suggests the restau-
Samir: What shall I Samir asked me what he Samir was unable to Darsan: Why not the
son. both a) accord- go to the restaurant at Hotel rant at Hotel Manpreet.
do now? What's should do then and what decide and asked for/ restaurant at Hotel Manpreet?
ing to rules b) in the
your advice? my advice was wanted my advice Manpreet? b) Darsan asked why they shouldn't'
informal (spoken) b) Darsan suggested the restau-
form, and also a) in go to the restaurant... rant...
Kumar: Buy it if I told him to buy it if he I told him to buy it if he the present form and Vardhan: That's Ok a) Vardhan says that it is ok for him a) Darsan says OK and suggests
you like what can I liked and asked him liked and that there was b) past form and suggests they start. that they start.
for me Let's start them
say? what I could say nothing for I could say b) Vardhan said that is was ok for b) Vardhan said OK and suggest-
/ for me to say. (--õ‰-•’-™¸ 4 -îª÷-úøç-úÕ) him, and suggested that they start. ed that they start.
í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 10 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

1) Hemanth: Sarath, you are late again. Malli?

(¨¡®Ωû˝, ´’Sx †’´¤y Ç©Ææuçí¬ -´-î √a-´¤)
Sarath: But I'm not. You wanted me here at 5,
and here I am at 5.
( ØËØËç Ç©Ææuçí¬ ®√-™‰-ü¿’. †’´¤y -Å®·Cç-öÀéÀ
®Ω-´’t-Ø√o-´¤. Å®·Cç-öÀéÀ -Ééπ\-úø’-Ø√o†’)
Hemanth: Didn't you promise to be here 4.30
itself?
(4.30 èπ◊ Ééπ\-úø’ç-ö«-†E ´÷öÀ-´y-™‰ü∆?)
Sarath: I did, but then you said it was enough
If I was here by 5.
(Eï¢Ë’ é¬E †’¢Ëy ÅØ√o´¤ éπü∆ ØËE-éπ\úø -
Å®·Cç-öÀ-èπ◊çõ‰ î√©E)
2) Dheeraj: Hi Neeraj, would you like to have
some coffee?
(é¬Ææh coffee BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢√?)
Neeraj: I don't feel like it I've just had coffee.
(BÆæ’éÓ-¢√-©-E°œç-îª-ôç-™‰ü¿’. É°æ¤púË coffee
BÆæ’èπ◊Ø√o)
Dheeraj: But you must take some thing. Shall I
get you a drink, perhaps some orange
juice?
(†’¢Ëy-ü¿-®·Ø√ -BÆæ’éÓ¢√-LqçüË. orange
(؈’ -E-†’o '´’Lx— ÅE °œ©-´úøç -É-≠d-¢æ Ë’Ø√?)
Malini: Nothing of the sort, Call me Malini.
That is how I like it.
(ÅüËç èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’. ††’o ´÷LE ÅØË- °œ-©’-. ÅüË
Ø√éÀ≠dçæ )
Nothing of the sort= ÅüËç èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’– Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ DEo
-à Ææç-ü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ Å®·Ø√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. Purely conversa-
tional. O’ conversation ™ practice îËߪ’çúÕ. DIRECT SPEECH
REPORTING
5) Subba Rao: How about Rs 500/- for the Formal (According to rules) Informal (Spoken Form)
whole job? Reporting Verb Past tense
(Ñ ¢Á·ûªhç °æEéÀ ®Ω÷. 500 É≤ƒh-†’. à´’ç-ö«´¤?) 1) Hemanth: Sarath, Hemanth observed that Sarath was Hemanth complained that Sarath
Apparao: That's too little for such a lot of work. you are late again. late again. was late again.
I don't like the amount at all, but I Sarath: But I'm not.
Sarath said he was, however, not Sarath protested and asserted
need money now, so I agree to do it. You wanted me here at late, and that Hemant had wanted that he was there at 5, as
(Åçûª °æEéÀ -Éçûª ûªèπ◊\¢√? 5, and here I am at 5. him there at 5, and there he was at 5. Hemanth had wanted him.
Ø√èπ◊ É≠ædç ™‰ü¿’. Å®·Ø√ Ø√éÀ- Hemanth: Didn't you Hemanth asked sarath if he hadn't Hemanth reminded sarath of his
°æ¤púø’ úø•’s Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Åçü¿’-éπE promise to be here at promised to be there at 4.30 itself. promise to be there at 4.30 itself.
ä°æ¤p-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.) 4.30 itself?.
éÀç-ü¿-öÀ lesson ™ Direct Sarath: I did but then Sarath told Hemanth that he had Sarath agreed but reminded
speech -†’ strictly accord-
you said that it was said so, but that Hemanth had said Hemanth that he had told him
ing to rules, formal (Ææ÷vû√©
enough if I was here that it would be enough if he was that it was enough if he was there
v°æ鬮Ωç, ví¬ç--C∑éπç) í¬ report by 5. there by 5. by 5.
M. SURESAN .
Ééπ\úø Informal reporting ™ complained, protested, reminded, agreed ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©

I don't feel like.. ¢√úø’éπ í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. Å™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ reporting †’ Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçúËô’x -îË≤ƒh®·

2) Dheeraj: Hi Neeraj, Dheeraj asked Neeraj if he would

Dheeraj offered coffee to Neeraj.
Neeraj refused Has he had just
would you like to have like to have some coffee.
had some coffee.
some coffee?
juice ™«çöÀ-üË-¢Á’iØ√ É´yØ√?)
Neeraj: I don't feel Neeraj replied he didn't feel like it Neeraj didn't feel like it as he had
Neeraj: Not n ow, please. Thank you, just the
like it, I've just had
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
same . and added that he had just had some just had some coffee.
196 some coffee. coffee.
(É°æ¤púø’ -´-ü¿’l™‰ Å®·Ø√ thank you.)
just the same = Å®·Ø√ Dheeraj: But you Dheeraj said that Neeraj had to take Dheeraj insisted that Neeraj take
3) komala: Shall we go to the exhibition this must take something. something. He asked him if he something. He offered to get
îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ, ordinary spoken form (´÷´‚©’ ¢√u´- Shall I get you a drink, should get some drink, perhaps drink, perhaps some orange
evening?
perhaps some orange some orange juice. juice.
(Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´’†ç exhibition £æ…-Jé𠶵«≠æ)™ îËߪ’-ú≈Eéà ÖçúË ûËú≈ í∫´’-Eçî√ç.
insist = °æô’d-°æ-ôdúøç
Èé∞«l´÷?) É°æ¤púø’, -§ƒ-®∏√uç-¨¡ç -v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç-™ -Ö-†o Ææç-¶µ«-≠æ-ù-†’ juice.
Vimala: Sure; I like to, very much. í∫-´’-Eç-îªç-úÕ. OöÀ-™ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅFo èπÿú≈ strictly Neeraj: Not now, Neeraj politely said that he wouldn't Neeraj wouldn't have any thing
(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. Ø√èπ◊ î√-™« É≠ædç) according to rules report îËÊÆh î√-™« ÅÆæ-£æ«-ïçí¬, please. Thank you just have anything then. He thanked then and thanked Neeraj just the
the same. Neeraj, just the same. same.
Komala: Then shall we start at 6.30? Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-´ôç é¬Ææh É•sç-Cí¬ Öçô’çC. Åçü¿’-éπE
°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù-©-†’ ¶µ«´ç îÁúø-èπ◊çú≈ ᙫ report îËÆœØ√ 3) Komala: Shall we Komala suggested that they go to Komala suggested that they go to
(Å®·ûË 6.30èπ◊ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’-ü∆´÷?)
go to the exhibition the exhibition that evening/ Komala the exhibition that evening/
Vimala: That's OK for me. I'll be here exactly °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. Å´-ûª-L-¢√--JéÀ Ææ-Jí¬_ -Å®Ωn-¢Á’i-ûË -î√-©’.
this evening? suggested their going to the exhibi- Komala suggested their going to
at 6.30. Let's try to report this conversation
tion that evening. the exhibition that evening.
(-Å-™«Íí. ØËE-éπ\úø correct í¬ 6.30 èπ◊çö«)
Vimala: Sure, I like Vimala agreed and said she liked to, Vimala readily agreed and liked
(°æéπ\ -õ‰-•’-™¸ -îª÷-úøç-úÕ)
4) Hema: How do you like my calling you
to, very much. very much. to go very much.
Now practise the following marks.
Komala: Then shall Komala asked Vimala if they would Komala proposed then they start
Report the direct speech both Kalyan: You haven't done the homework. we start at 6.30. start at 6.30. at 6.30.
in the Formal and Spoken form. Won't the teacher punish you?
Komala: That's OK Komala said that it was OK for her It was OK for Komala. She would
Prameela: Let's show our teacher we are Pavan: What do I care? Let her. for me. I'll be here at and that she would be there at 6.30. be there at 6.30.
clever students. Sangeeta: Let there be no delay, please. 6.30.
Vineela: That is the thing we have to do. Vignata: Be sure I'll be prompt. 4) Hema: How do you Hema asked Malli how she liked her Hema wanted to know how she
Let's work hard and get good like my calling you calling her Malli. like her calling Malli/ Hema would
Malli?. call her Malli. How would she like
ACCORDING TO RULES INFORMAL it?.
Malini: Nothing of the Malini said nothing of the sort. She Malini wouldn't have anything of
Prameela suggested that they show their Prameela wanted to show their teacher that
sort. Call me Malini. asked Hema to call her Malini and the sort. She asked Hema to call
teacher that they were clever students. that they were clever students.
That's how I like it. added that that was how she liked it. her Malini. That was how she
Vineela said that that was the thing they had to liked it.
Vineela agreed and suggested their working
do, and suggested that they work hard and get 5) Subbarao: How Subbarao asked Apparao if he would Subbarao proposed Rs. 500/- for
hard and getting good marks.
good marks. about Rs. 500/- for the do the whole job for Rs. 500/-. the whole job.
Kalyan said that Pavan had not done his Kalyan observed Pavan had not done his whole job?.
homework and asked him if the teacher would- homework and warned him that the teacher Apparao: That's too Apparao complained that it was
Apparao said that it was too little for
n't punish him. would punish him. little for such a lot of too little for such a lot of work. He
such a lot of work, and added that he
Pavan said that he did not care, and did not work. I don't like the grumbled that he didn't like the
Pavan said he didn't care. didn't like the amount at all, but that
mind her punishing him. amount at all, but I money at all but to do it as he
he needed money then and that he
Sangeeta urged that there should be no delay. Sangeeta urged that there should be no delay. need money now and would do it. needed the money, he would do it.
urge = Strong request (í∫öÀd Nïc°œh). (formal & Spoken form - same). I'll do it.
grumble = Ææù-í∫ôç.
Vignata told Sangeeta to be sure that she Vignata assured Sangeeta that she would be
would be prompt. prompt.
Prompt = Ææé¬-™«-EéÀ Öçúøôç.
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 12 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006
Prabhakar: Hi Divakar, when did you come?
(£æ…ß˝’ C¢√-éπ®˝! á°æ¤p-úÌ-î√a´¤?)
Divakar: Hardly a few hours ago, by the
Howrah Express.
(É°æ¤púË éÌEo-í∫ç-ô© éÀçü¿ô, £æ«˜®√
áé˙q-vÂ°Æˇ™ ´î√a†’.)
Prabhakar: Back home after a long time, you
feel happy, don't you? But why
are you out so soon?
(î√™«-鬩ç ûª®√yûª AJ-íÌ-î√a´¤. ÆæçûÓ-
≠æçí¬ ÖçC éπü∆? Å®·ûË Å°æ¤púË ´’S}
•ßª’-öÀ-éÌ-î√a-¢ËçöÀ?)
Divakar: Oh, just think of it. What do I find
as I step into home? Mom down
with a fever.
(îª÷úø’. Éçöx Cí∫-í¬ØË Øˆ’ îª÷Æœç
-üË-N’öÀ? Å´’tèπ◊ ïy®Ωç.)
You are welcome
Prabhakar: What train did you say you came
by?
(à train ™ ´î√a†Ø√o´¤ †’´¤y?)
Didn't you say the Howrah
Express?
(£æ«˜®√ áé˙q-vÂ°Æˇ ÅØ√o´¤ éπü∆?)
My uncle must have come by the
same train.
(´÷ ´÷´’ߪ’u èπÿú≈ ÅüË train ™
´îª’aç-ú≈L).
But why are you out?
Divakar: I told you. Mom has a fever and I
am going to get some medicines.
What a bother?
(îÁ§ƒp†’ éπü∆. Å´’tèπ◊ ïy®Ωçí¬
Öçü¿E, ´’çü¿’©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊-®√-´-ú≈-EéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-
ûª’Ø√o. àç ¶«üµÓ! – NÆæ’í∫’ – What a
bother)
Prabhakar: Really a pity! Hope it's just an
ordinary fever
(Eïçí¬ ü¿’®Ωü¿%≠æd¢Ë’. ´÷´‚©’
ïy®Ω¢Ë’ éπü∆?)
Divakar: (I) wish it were! But I'm afraid it's
some viral fever.
(´÷´‚©’ ïy®Ωç Å®·ûË ¶«í¬ØË
Öç-úË-C. àüÓ viral fever ÅE ņ’-´÷-
†çí¬ ÖçC Ø√èπ◊.)
Prabhakar: Sorry to hear that.
(ÅÈ®, §ƒ°æç)
Divakar: Damn these heavy rains! They are
the cause of all these.
(Ñ ¢Áüµ¿´ ´®√{©’. OöÀ-´™‰x É´Fo.)
Prabhakar: Oh, curse my memory! I forgot to
congratulate you on your getting
a new and better job.
(Ø√ ´’A-´’-®Ω-°æ¤-´©x ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-ߪ÷†’.
Fèπ◊ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ éπçõ‰ ´’ç*, éÌûªh
job ´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπçví¬ö¸q.
Divakar: Thank you. But I must rush. I've
been too long with you. Mom must
be wondering where I am. See
you later. Bye.
(Thanks. é¬F ؈’ ¢Á∞«}L. FûÓ ´’K
áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ-°æ¤-Ø√o†’. OúÁ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√oú≈ ÅE
Å´’t ņ’-éÌç-ô’ç-ô’çC. ûª®√yûª
éπ©’ü∆lç.)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æù í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆? ÅFo-é¬-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√,
áèπ◊\-´í¬ short sentences, exclamations
ÖØ√o®· éπü∆. ´’†ç OöÀE spoken English ™
report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, Ç ´÷ô-éÌÊÆh formal í¬ report
îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ èπÿú≈ ´’éÃ\éÀ -´’-éÀ\í¬ rules v°æ鬮Ωç
report îËߪ’-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. äéπJ ´÷ô-™ xE ¶µ«´ç îÁúø-
èπ◊çú≈, Ææ£æ«-ïûªyç éπE-°œç-îË-ôô’x report îËߪ’-í∫-L-TûË
î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. îª÷úøçúÕ:
Kumar: I am taking the exam next week.
Kesav: Wish you the best of luck.
4) Ashok: Why did you drive so fast? Study this table carefully and practise the
Report: Kumar told Kesav that he was taking
(áçü¿’-éπçûª ¢Ëí∫çí¬ †úÕ-§ƒ´¤?) spoken form well.
the exam next week, and Kesav
Amar: I was late for class. Now look at the following expressions &
wished him the best of luck.
(class èπ◊ Ç©-Ææu-´’-®·çC) sentences.
Ashok: I wouldn't do it if I were you. Isn't Prabhakar: What train did you say you came by?
dangerous? D†®Ωnç: †’´¤y à train ™ ´î√a-†-Ø√o¢˛?
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 197
(ØËØË †’´y-®·ûË Å™« îËߪ’†’. v°æ´÷ü¿ç äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpçC ÆæJí¬ N†-éπ-§ÚûË, ´’S} îÁ°æp-
éπü∆?) ´’-†ôç É™«.
a) O’ Ê°Í®-N’-ô-Ø√o®Ω’, ´’S} ã≤ƒJ îÁ°æpçúÕ.
What did you say your name was?
b) Srinath: You kept it where?
Sumanth: I kept it on the table.
´÷´‚-©’í¬ Å®·ûË,Where did you keep
it? spoken form
Åçö«ç éπü∆. ™ you kept it
where ÅØËC common. DØËo ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬–
Kesav's words ᙫ Report: Where did you say you kept it?
report î˨»¢Á÷ (Indirect a) Present tense: Ashok wonders why (áéπ\úø °ö«d-†-Ø√o´¤ ü∆Eo?)
speech ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒp¢Á÷) Amar drive so fast. Amar says he was
2) Mom must be wondering where I am.
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. ´÷´‚-©’í¬ late for class. Ashok advises him not to
Å®·ûË, Kesav said that do it and warns him it is dangerous.
ØËØÁ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√oØ√ ÅE Å´’t -Ç-™-îª-†-™ °æ-úÕ -Öç-ô’ç-C.
he wished him the best b) Past tense: Ashok wondered why Amar
´÷´‚-©’í¬ wonder Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç ´’†ç-ü¿-JéÀ
of luck ÅE ÅØ√Lq had driven so fast. Amar said he was late
ûÁ©’Ææ’– Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç ÅE. Å®·ûË
for-
M. SURESAN Ééπ\úø, Mom must be wondering/ I wonder-
´Ææ’hçC. Å™« Åçõ‰ for class. Ashok advised him not to do it
mal spoken form ™ í¬F, (formal í¬ and warned him against it/ of the danger/
É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx wonder èπ◊ Å®Ωnç– 'à´’-ߪ·uç-ô’çD,
í¬ í¬F,
éπçõ‰ spoken form ™ áèπ◊\-´í¬) î√™« ÅÆæ-£æ«- that it was dangerous.
à´’-´îª’a— ÅE. àüÁjØ√ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo í∫’Jç* ´’†ç
Ç™-îª-†™ °æúøôç ÅE.
ïçí¬ Öçô’çC. Åçü¿’-éπE Å™«çöÀ ¶µ«´ç îÁúø-èπ◊çú≈ Now look at the following part of conver-
°j† ûÁL-°œ-†ô’x report îËߪ’ôç better. a) I wonder if he knows this =
sation at the beginning of the lesson:
1) Abhishek: Thanks a lot for your help. Prabhakar: Really a pity! Hope it is just an
¢√úÕ-éÀC ûÁ©’≤Ú ûÁL-ߪ’üÓ? (Ø√éπ®Ωnç 鬴-ôç-™‰ü¿’)
Anamika: You are welcome. b) Suneetha: Will Suguna come now?
ordinary fever.
thanks
(á´-È®jØ√ ´’†èπ◊ you are
îÁ°œp-†-°æ¤púø’, Divakar: (I) wish it were! But I'm afraid it's
(Ææ’í∫’ù É°æ¤p-úÌ-Ææ’hçü∆?)
welcome/ you are most welcome/ welcome Supriya: I wonder.
some viral fever.
Åçö«ç) Prabhakar: Sorry to hear that.
(´Ææ’hçüÓ ®√üÓ, Ø√éπ-†’-´÷-†¢Ë’)
Report: Exercise: Report aloud the whole conversa-
Suppose we want to report the conversation
a) Present tense: Abhishek thanks tion at the beginning of the lesson, both
above. How do we go about it?
Anamika a lot for her help. Anamika according to rules and informally.
(´’†ç °j Ææ綵«-≠æù ᙫ report îË≤ƒhç?)
appreciates his thanks.
b) Past tense: Abhishek thanked Anamika Reporting - Present Reporting - Past
a lot for her help. Anamika appreciated Formal (acc. to rules) Informal (spoken) Formal (acc. to rules) Informal (spoken)
it. Prabhakar says it is really Prabhakar is disap- Prabhakar said it was real- Prabhakar was dis-
2) Pradhan: Congratulations on your getting a pity and that he hopes it pointed and hopes it ly a pity and that he hoped appointed and hoped
the top grade. Keep it up. is ordinary fever is ordinary fever. it was ordinary fever. it was ordinary fever.
Prakash: Thank you. Divakar says he wishes it Divakar wishes it Divakar expressed a wish
Divakar wished it
a) Reporting verb - Present tense: were, but that he suspects were, but suspects that it had been, but that had been, but sus-
Pradhan congratulates Prakash on his it is some viral fever. it is a viral fever. he suspected it was some pected it to be a viral
getting the top grade and adds a word viral fever. fever.
of encouragement. Prakash thanks him.
b) Reporting verb - Past tense: 1. Make †’, Do †’ àN-üµ¿çí¬ b) Do= àüÁjØ√ °æE-îË-ߪ’ôç/ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îªôç
Pradhan congratulated Prakash on his i) What is he doing? =
-Ö°æßÁ÷-Tç-î√L?
getting the top grade and added a word 2. Xerox , photocopy ©
ÅûªØËç îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’ (àüÁjØ√ °æE)
of encouragement. Prakash thanked him. He is studying= Åûªúø’ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
3) Susanth: This bike often gives me trouble. – ñ„.®√V, ÇC-™«-¶«ü˛ ii) You do your duty = F NCµ †’´¤y- îÁ®·u (E®Ωy-£œ«ç)
What a bother! 1. a) Make means to produce / manu-
Do work, harm, homework, business, a course,
(What a bother= áçûª *é¬èπ◊) facture. Make Åçõ‰ üËØÁj oØ√ one's best, etc.
Report: ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îË-ߪ’úøç, ÖûªpAh îËߪ’úøç ÅØË Make a cake, money, a speech, fun etc.,
a) Susanth is vexed that this/ that bike Å®ΩnçûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. 2. Photocopy Photostat
, photo
Åçõ‰ üËE-ÈéjØ√ BÆœ†-ô’xí¬
often gives him trouble. i) Mother is making coffee = ´îËa copy ÅE.Xerox company machine
¢√∞¡x O’ü¿
b) Susanth was vexed that that bike often Å´’t 鬰∂‘ ûªßª÷®Ω’îË≤ÚhçC. BÊÆ photocopy Å®·ûË Xerox copy photo-
Åçö«®Ω’.
gave him trouble. ii) The student is making an stat machines †’ ¢Á·ü¿ô v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°-öÀdçD, É°æp-öÀéà Åûªuçûª
É™« ´’†ç report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ He said that, attempt to understand the sub- °ü¿l company ÅüË. ÅÆæ©’ ÅØ√-LqçC photocopy ÅØË.
etc., ™«çöÀN ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈ ¶µ«¢√Eo ûÁ©’°æ-í∫-L-TûË ject = Nü∆uJn Æ涄-bèπ◊d†’ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’- Xerox copy Xerox brand machine O’ü¿ -BÊÆ copy
î√©’. éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’. È®çúø÷ äéπõ‰. photocopy correct.
-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 14 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 1

Naresh: Where are you coming from?

versation ™ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
(†’¢Áy-éπ\-úø’oç* ´Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?) Nabh: That makes us equally tall.
Ramesh: From my uncle's.
(Åçõ‰ ´’E-ü¿l®Ωç äÍé áûªh-†o-´÷ô)
(´÷ ´÷´’ߪ’u ÉçöÀ †’ç* -´Ææ’h-Ø√o-†’) Sekhar: You're wrong, my friend. I am still
Naresh: You go there quite frequently, don't
taller than you by half an inch.
you?
(§Ò®Ω•- ú- ’ø û- ª’Ø- √o-´¤ N’vû´ª ÷, Féπçõ‰ Ø- †-Ë ’ É°æp-
(†’´y-éπ\-úÕéÀ ûª®Ωîª÷ ¢Á∞¡-û√´¤ éπü∆?) öÀéà 1/2 Åçí∫’∞- ¡ç áèπ◊\-´ áûª’h Ö- Ø- √o-†’)
Ramesh: I do. He asks me to eat there quite REPORTING (Only Spoken Form)
Nabh: If that makes you happy, have it so. DIRECT SPEECH
often. Reporting Verb Present Reporting Verb Past
(Å™« ņ’-éÓôç Fèπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-¢Á’iûË, Å-™«Íí
(Å´¤†’. Çߪ’† ††’o ûª®Ω-îª÷ ¶µï-Ø√-EéÀ ņ’éÓ.) Naresh: Where are Naresh wants to know where Ramesh Naresh Wanted to know where
°œ©’-≤ƒhúø’.) 3) Nagaraj: Let me finish this chapter. I'll come
you coming from? is coming from. Ramesh was coming from.
Naresh: Hasn't he a daughter?
with you wherever you want. Ramesh is coming from his uncle's Ramesh was coming from his
(Çߪ’-†èπ◊ èπÿûª’-®Ω’çC éπü∆?) Ramesh: from my
(Ñ chapter °æ‹Jh îËÆœ-† -ûª®√y-ûª uncle's place. uncle's place.
Ramesh: What're you driving at?
†’¢Áy-éπ\-úÕ-éÀ-®Ω-´’tçõ‰ Åéπ\-úÕ-éÌ-≤ƒh†’) Naresh: You go there, Naresh observes that Ramesh goes Naresh observed that Ramesh
(àN’öÀ †’´yç-öçC?) Prakash: Murthy will complain we went there frequently, and asks
frequently, don't you? there frequently and asks him if he
drive at = ÉçÍéüÓ ÖüËP-l ç* îÁ°pæ ôç. I still don't
are late. (´’†ç late ÅE doesn't? him if he didn't.
understand what she was driving at = Ç¢Á’
´‚Jh ûª°æ¤p°æ-úø-û√-úø’) Ramesh: I do. He asks Ramesh agrees that he goes there Ramesh agreed that he went
Å™« ņ-ôç™ Ö- †- o Öü˨l ¡ç àN’ö É°æpöÀ Ø- √èπ◊ Nagaraj: Let him. My test tomor- me to eat there quite often as his uncle asks him to eat there there often as his uncle asked
Å- ®Ωç¥l 鬴ôç ™‰ü¿’. 'drive at' ¢- √-ú’ø éπ†- ’ O- ’ con- row is more important often. him to eat there quite often.
quite often.
versation ™ practice îËߪ’ç-ú.Õ
than this outing. Naresh wondered if he hadn't
Naresh: I've been wondering all these Naresh: Hasn't he a Naresh wonders if he hasn't a daugh-
(ûª°æp-ôdF. Ñ ≠œé¬®Ω’ éπçõ‰ Í®°æ-öÀ Ø√ daughter? ter. a daughter
days why you go there so
M. SURESAN test Ø√èπ◊ -î √-™« ´·êuç) Ramesh wants to know /wonders what Ramesh wanted to know/ won-
often. Now I know. Ramesh: What are
Prakash: you're right Let him Naresh is driving at. dered at What Naresh was
( †’´¤y áçü¿’èπ◊ Åéπ\úÕ-éÀ ûª®Ωîª÷ you driving at?
understand that. driving at.
Naresh: I've been Naresh has been wondering all these Naresh had been wondering
wondering all these days why Ramesh went there so often. why Ramesh went there so
days why you go there Now he knows. often. Now he knew.

I'm sorry I'm going ... so often. Now know.

Ramesh: What
you know?
do Ramesh is asking Naresh what he
knows.
Naresh: A Marriage in Naresh hopes for a marriage in the off-
Ramesh asked Naresh what
he knew.
Naresh hoped for a marriage in
the offing. ing. the offing.
Ramesh: I'm sorry I am
Ramesh was sorry to disap-
¢Á-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o¢Ó Ø√èπ◊ -ÉEo ®ÓV©÷ Å®Ωnç 鬙‰ü¿’. going to disappoint you. Ramesh is sorry to disappoint Naresh.
My uncle does have Ramesh's uncle does have a daughter point Naresh. Ramesh's uncle
É°æ¤púø’ ûÁL-ÆœçC)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù daughter, but she is but she is already the mother of two did have a daughter but she
Wonder = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç – Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-°æ-úøôç – É™«çöÀ 198 already the mother of babes. was already the mother of two
Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™, Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ î√™« v°æߪ’-Aoç-îª-ôç/- two babes. babes.
Å®Ωnç é¬éπ-§Ú-´ôç) Answers to the exercise under lesson no: 197
Ramesh: What do you know?
(†’´¤y ÅØËC Æ敶‰. ÅC ¢√úø’ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ¢√L.)
(àçöÀ Fèπ◊ ûÁL-ÆœçC?) Reporting Verb Past tence
´’†ç direct speech report È®çúø’ ®Ωé¬-©’í¬ îË-ߪ’-´-îªa- DIRECT SPEECH
Naresh: A marriage in the offing. According to rules Spoken Form
E í∫-ûª lessons ™ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. 1) î√-™« formal
(°Rx ï®Ω-í∫-¶-ûÓç-ü¿E) (In the offing = ï®Ω’-í∫-†’†o) í¬ (rule v°æ鬮Ωç) 2) Å®Ωnç îÁúø-èπ◊çú≈ (informal í¬) Prabhakar wanted to know
Ramesh: I'm sorry I'm going to disappoint Prabhakar: Hi Divakar Prabhakar asked Divakar when he
spoken form ™ (Åçõ‰ ¢√u´-£æ…-J-éπçí¬). Ñ had came. when Divakar had come.
you. My uncle does have a daugh- When did you come?
columns ™ ´’† ÖüËl¨¡ç spoken English ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-
ter, but she is already the mother of Divakar: Hardly a few hours Divakar Replied that he had come Divakar had come hardly a
´ôç 鬕öÀd, ´’†ç ´÷ö«xúË English Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬, Ææ£æ«- ago, by Howrah Express hardly a few hours ago by the few hours ago by the Howrah
two babes.
ïçí¬ Öçú≈-©çõ‰, spoken form ™ report îËߪ’úøç-ûÓ Howrah Express. Express
(E†’o E®Ω’-û√q£æ«°æ-®Ω’Ææ’h-†-oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¶«üµ¿í¬ -§ƒ-ô’, -v§ƒéÃdÆˇ èπÿ-ú≈ -Å-ûªuç-ûª éÃ-©éπç. Prabhakar: Back home after Prabhakar asked observed that Prabhakar said that Divakar
ÖçC. ´÷ ´÷´’-ߪ’uèπ◊ èπÿûª’-®Ω’çC, é¬F °j passage ™ áèπ◊\´ ¶µ«í∫ç Spoken form™ report a long time, you feel happy, back home after a long time, he felt must be feeling happy to be
Ç¢Á’ Éü¿l®Ω’ °œ©x© ûªLx) îËߪ’ö- «-EÍé ņ’-´¤í¬ Ö-çú- ö-ø «-Eo í∫´’-Eç-îçª úÕ. According don't you? But why are you happy and asked him if he didn't. back home after a long time,
2) Sekhar: Hi Nabh, how tall you have grown out so soon?
to rules practice îËߪ’ú - çø Å- ç-ûª ¶«í∫’ç-úü-ø ¿’. -É-C í∫´’- He asked him however why he was but wondered why he was out
since I saw you last a year ago !.
Eç-îªçúÕ. out so soon. so soon.
(Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç éÀçü¿ô E†’o îª÷Æœ-†-°æpöÀéÀ... Let us see two or three samples: Practise them Divakar: Oh, Just think of it Divakar disappointed asked
-É°æp-öÀéÀ áçûª áC-í¬´¤!) what do I find as I step into Divakar was disappointed that
with the reporting verb in the Present Tense Prabhakar to think of what he
Nabh: So have you. True; I certainly am 2 home? Mom down with a as he stepped into home he
and in the Past Tense as well. found just as he stepped into
inches taller than I was a year ago. fever. found mom down with a fever.
¢Á·ü¿öÀ †’ç* ´’†ç reporting verb present tense home- mom down with a fever
What about you. Prabhakar: What train did Prabhakar wanted to be sure
™ èπÿú≈ practise îËߪ’ôç O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. Prabhakar asked Divakar what
(Eï¢Ë’ éÀçü¿õ‰-ú≈C éπçõ‰ É°æ¤púø’ È®çúøç-í∫’-∞«©’ DEéÀ ´·êu-é¬-®Ωùç ´’†ç ´÷ö«xúË Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x î√™« - You say you came by? Didn't what train Divakar had come
train he had said he came by, and
°-Jí¬-†’. -´’-J F Ææçí∫A?) ´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç Éûª-®Ω’© Ææ´’-éπ~ç™ØË ¢√∞¡x ´÷ô©’ report you say Howrah Express? by and if it wasn't Howrah
if he hadn't said Howrah Express.
Sekhar: Just two inches. That's all. But why are you out? He asked him why he was out. Express. He wanted to know
îËÊÆ Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ áèπ◊\-´-í¬ØË Öçö«®·. Å™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-
(È®çúøç-í∫’-∞«™‰ ÅçûË. That's all = ÅçûË ®√s¥™x present tense ™ØË report îË≤ƒhç éπü∆? why he was out.
Is this all? = ÉçûËØ√? That's all = ÅçûË. O’ con- Divakar: I told you. mom has Divakar said that he had told him Divakar had already told him
É°æ¤púø’ èπÿú≈ ÅüË îËü∆lç: a fever and I'm going to get that mom has a fever and he was to his mom's fever and was
Q) Year by year, Year after year, Every other Every other year he goes to the US = some medicines What a going to get some medicines. He very unhappy he was going to
year Ñ ´‚úÕç-öÀéÀ ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? üËEo á°æ¤púø’ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç NúÕ* Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç Åûªúø’ Å¢Á’-Jé¬ bother! was not at all happy about it. get some medicines.
Ö°æßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? ¢Á∞¡-û√úø’.
üµ¿†, £j«-ü¿®√--¶«-ü˛. Q) a, e, i, o, u©ûÓ ¢Á·ü¿-©ßË’u °æü∆©
Divakar: Damn these heavy Divakar cursed the rains, and said Divakar cursed the rains for
i) Year by year = Every year. ´·çü¿’ An ®√¢√L éπü∆! Å®·ûË University, rains! They are the cause of they were the cause of all those. being the cause of all these.
v°æA Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç ÅE. Year by year, he is grow- European ™«çöÀ °æü∆© ´·çü¿’ 'A' áçü¿’èπ◊
all these.
ing richer and richer. (Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç Ææç´-û√q-®√-EéÃ, ÅûªúÕ
Prabhakar: Oh curse my Prabhakar cursed his memory, as Prabhakar cursed his memory,
¢√úøû√ç?
Ææç°æü¿ °J-T-§Ú-ûÓçC).
memory. I forgot to congratu- he forgot to congratulate Divakar on as he forgot to congratulate
N. í¬çDµ §ƒ-´’®˝, éÌ-ûªhí∫÷-úÁç.
ii) Year after year = continuously, without brake. ï¢√•’: a/ an Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç – Å, Ç, É, Ñ, á, à, â, late on your getting new and his getting a new and better job . Divakar on his getting a new
Year after year passed, he continued to work ä, ã, å – Ñ ¨¡¶«l-©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’ßË’u English ´÷ô© better Job. and better job .
hard, though he was getting older and older
´·çü¿’ 'an' ¢√úøû√ç. N’í∫-û√-¢√öÀ ´·çü¿’ 'a' ¢√úøû√ç. Divakar: Thank you, but I Divakar, thanking Prabhakar said Divakar thanked Prabhakar
Ææçûªq-®√© ûª®Ω-•úÕ, ´ßª’Ææ’ Â°j°æúø’ûª’Ø√o, Åûªúø’ éπ≠d°æ æúÕ University, European, Ñ È®çúø’ ´÷ô©÷, °j† he had to rush and that he had and wanted to rush. He had
°æE-îË-Ææ÷hØË ÖØ√oúø’. must rush. I've been long
îÁ°œp† ¨¡¶«l-©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç 鬴ôç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? Åçü¿’-éπE with you. Mom must be won- been with him long. Mom must be been with him long and his
Year after year his study continued =
Ææç´-ûªq-®√-©’í¬ ÅûªúÕ Åüµ¿u-ߪ’†ç ≤ƒTçC. an ¢√úøç (European= ߪ‚®Ω-°œ-ߪ’Ø˛; University = dering where I am. See you wondering where he was. He mom must be wondering
later Bye. would see him later. He said bye to where he was. He would see
Every other year = alternate year
ߪ‚E-´-JqöÀ – 'ߪ‚— ÅØË ¨¡•lç Å †’ç* å ´®Ωèπ◊ ÖçúË
ûÁ©’í∫’ ¨¡¶«l™x ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆.) him. him later and bade him bye.
Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç ´÷Ja (NúÕ*) Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç
-¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 18 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006
Vinamra: Are you sure which train we are trav-
elling by and on which date?
(´’†ç à -võ„®·-Ø˛™ , à ûËD ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o¢Á÷
Fèπ◊ éπ*aûªçí¬ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)
Vismaya: Of course I am. We are going by the
AP Express on the 30th. Let there be
no doubt about it.
(áçü¿’èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’?´’†ç 30-† -á.°œ. áé˙q-
vÂ°Æˇ™ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√oç.)
(Of course I am – ûÁ-L-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´ôç
àçöÃ? ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’ ÅE.)
Vinamra: Then what about the reservation.
(´’J- -J-ïÍ®y-≠æ-Ø˛ Ææçí∫-ûËç-öÀ?)
Vismaya: That's the travel dept's business. Let
them do it.
(ÅC v°æߪ÷ùN¶µ«í∫ç ¢√-∞¡x ¶«üµ¿uûª. -Ç °æE
¢√∞¡Ÿx îËߪ÷-L.)
Vinamra: What about the director's travel
arrangements?
(-´’-J -úÁjÈ®éπd®˝ -v°æ-ߪ÷-ù -à®√p-ôx Ææçí∫-A?)
Vismaya: It's not our business. Let his PA (per-
sonal assistant) take care of them.
(´’†èπ◊ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’. Çߪ’† °œ.-á.
îª÷Ææ’éÓ-¢√Lq† N≠æߪ’ç ÅC.)
Vinamra: How long are we to be in Delhi
(´’†ç -úµÕ-Mx-™ áEo ®ÓV-©’ç-ú≈L?)
Vismaya: Let's make the best of the trip. Let's
stay there for two or three days after
the conference. We can do a bit of
shopping and sight seeing too.
(Ñ v°æߪ÷-ù«Eo ´’†ç ÆæCy-E-ßÁ÷í∫ç
îËÆæ’èπ◊çü∆ç. Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç ûª®√yûª Åéπ\úø
È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©’çü∆ç. é¬Ææh -≥ƒ°œçí˚,
ÂÆj-ö¸Æ‘-®·çí˚ èπÿú≈ îËü∆lç.)
Make the best of = üË-E-ØÁj-Ø√
ÆæCy-E-ßÁ÷í∫ç îËÆæ’éÓ-´ôç.
Sight seeing =
°æ®√u-ôéπ Ææn©ç îª÷úøôç.
Vinamra: Won't the director object?
(´’J úÁjÈ®éπd®˝ Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç-
îÁ-G-ûË-ØÓ?/ úÁjÈ®éπd®˝ Ŷµºu-ûª®Ωç
îÁ°æpú≈?) M. SURESAN
Vismaya: Let him. But why should he?
We are going to stay there for the
extra days, at our expense.
(îÁ°æpF. ÅÆæ©’ Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç áçü¿’èπ◊
îÁ§ƒpL? Ç È®çvúÓ-V©’ ´’†ç ´’† ê®Ω’a©
O’ü¿ Öçö«ç.)
Vinamra: Let's tell him of it in advance. Getting
leave for the two days will be easy.
(Å®·ûË ÑN≠æߪ’ç Çߪ’-†èπ◊ ´·ç-üË
îÁ-•’--ü∆ç. Å°æ¤púø’ Ç È®ç-úø’®Ó-V-©èπ◊ ÂÆ©´¤
BÆæ’éÓ-´úøç -Ææ’-©-¶µºçí¬ Öçô’çC.)
Vismaya: Why are you so worried about it? Let
him not grant leave. He will see what
happens.
(àçôçûª éπçí¬®Ω’ °æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? ÂÆ©-N-´y-
èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúøF îª÷ü∆lç. Çߪ’-†Íé
ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC.)
°j Conversation ™ let î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x ´*açC. Let
Ö†o sentences †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬
îËߪ÷L. Let †’ ¢√úË Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd, ü∆E-èπ◊†o Å®√nEo
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
•öÀd, ü∆Eo report îËߪ’ôç
´÷®Ω’ûª÷ Öçô’çC.
Spoken English ™ let
¢√úøéπç î√™«áèπ◊\´. ûª®Ωí¬
¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. Åçü¿’-éπE ÅC
Ö†o sentences †’ ᙫ
report îËߪ ÷™ ûÁ© ’-Ææ ’-éÓ-
´ôç î√™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç.
ÅÆæ©’ let ¢√úø’éπ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-
èπ◊çõ‰ ÅC ᙫ report
îËߪ÷™ Ææ’©¶µºçí¬ Å®Ωnç Å´¤-
ûª’çC.
1) Let = allow (Ææ´’t-Aç-
îªôç/ã °æE îÁߪ’u-E-´yôç)
a) Let him go = Allow him
to go = ¢√úÕ-E ¢Á∞¡xF.
b) Let the milk boil = Allow the milk to boil =
§ƒ©’ ´’®Ω-í∫-F/-é¬-í∫F.
c) Let her come in = Allow her to come in =
2)
Ç¢Á’†’ ™°æ-LéÀ ®√F (®Ω´’t†’).
us ´·çü¿’ let (let us...) ¢√úÕûË ÅC v°æA-§ƒ-
ü¿†/Ææ÷ (proposal/ suggestion) Å´¤-ûª’çC.
a) Let us go now = ´’†ç ¢Á-∞¡-ü∆ç °æü¿.
b) Let us (Let's) have some thing to eat
= é¬Ææh àüÁjØ√ Açü∆ç.
Let us not trouble him
c) Let us not trouble him
-Å-ûª-úÕ-E ´’†ç ¶«üµ¿-°-öÔdü¿’l.
3) Let †’ Warning É´y-ú≈-EéÀ (£«îªa-Jç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ) èπÿú≈
¢√úøû√ç.
a) Let him not come here again
-Å-ûª-úÕ-E ´’S} Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ®√F-ߪ’èπ◊/ ®√´-ü¿lE îÁ°æ¤p/
®√èπÿ-úøü¿’.
b) Let him understand we are not afraid of him
Åûª-†çõ‰ ´’†Íéç ¶µºßª’癉ü¿E -Å-ûª-úÕ-E Å®ΩnçîËÆæ’-éÓF.
c) Let her know her limits
Ç¢Á’ £æ«ü¿’l©’ Ç¢Á’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰ ´’ç*C.
d) Let †’ order/ command èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.
a) Let him finish the work in an hour
í∫çô-™ °æE °æ‹Jh îËߪ÷L.
b) Let them clear all this mess -
Ñ éπçí¬S Åçû√ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ¨¡Ÿv¶µº-°æ-®Ω-î√L.
let
5) ´’† E®Ωx-é¬~ uEo ûÁ©°æú≈-EéÀ èπÿú≈
¢√úøû√ç.
a) Let him complain to the police.
What do I care = Police èπ◊ com-
plaint îËÆæ ’éÓ-´ ’†’/îËÆæ ’éÓF. Ø√Íéç
¶µºßª’ç ™‰ü¿’.
b) Let the government do it =
ÅC v°æ¶µº’ûªyç îËߪ÷-Lq† °æE.
ÉN let èπ◊†o Å®√n©÷, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’. ´’†ç
let ûÓ Ö†o sentences †’ report îËÊÆ--
ô°æ¤púø’ ü∆E Å®√nEo, ¢√úÕ† Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd reporting
verbs, order, warn, request, ask ™«çöÀN ¢√ú≈L.
I. ´·êuçí¬ let Ö†o sentence ≤ƒ´÷†uçí¬
Imperative í¬ Öçô’çC. 鬕öÀd ü∆Eo imperative
sentence †’ report îËÆ œ-†ô’x, Åçõ‰ let ´·çü¿’
to let °öÀd v§ƒ®Ωç-GµÊÆh ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC éπü∆.
Prasad: Let me go. I have work to do.
Pramod: Let me know first when we have to
start.
Report (Reporting Verb - Past)
Prasad asked Pramod to let him go as he had
work to do.
Pramod in reply asked Prasad to let him know
first when they had to start.
II. Let, suggestion èπ◊ ¢√úÕûË, suggest ÅE v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-
îª-´îª’a.
Vimal: Let's go to a movie
(ÆœE´÷Èé∞«lç °æü¿/ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞«l´÷?)
(Let's - Let us)
2

Lecturer: Let all the students take the test
Kamal: Let's first finish the assignment (´’†ç
without fail.
¢Á·ü¿ô Ñ assignment °æ‹Jh-îËü∆lç.
Report: (Reporting Verb - Past)
(Åçü¿®Ω’ Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ °æKéπ~ ®√ߪ÷L – ÉC
command éπü∆)
Vimal suggested that they (should) go to a
Report:
a) The lecturer orders that all the students take
the test without fail. (Reporting Verb-
Present)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
b) The lecturer ordered all the students to take
the test without fail. (Reporting Verb - Past)
200
Sub - inspector: Let him not do it again
(Åûª-EC ´’S} îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’– warning)
movie./ Vimal suggested going to a movie.
Report: a) The sub - inspector warns him not
do it again. (Reporting Verb - Present)
/ Suggested to a movie.
b) The sub - inspector warned him not to do it
Kamal then suggested that they finish the
again (Reporting Verb - Past)
assignment first/ suggested finishing the
É™« let †’ ¢√úË Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd ´’†ç Reporting
assignment.
verb áç°œéπ îËÆæ’éÓ¢√L ÅE Å®Ωn-¢Á’içC éπü∆.
(Observe the use of suggest in the sentences
Let's now try to report a part of the conversation
above)
at the beginning of the lesson.
É™«Íí Let †’ Warning èπ◊ ¢√úÕûË Warn/ Warns/
Exercise: Report the rest of the conversation at
Warned, Command èπ◊ ¢√úÕûË Command/
the beginning of the lesson with the reporting
Commands/ Commanded ÅF Spoken English
verb in the present and the past tense.
™ report begin îË≤ƒhç.
REPORT (Spoken Form)
DIRECT SPEECH
Reporting Verb Present tense Reporting Verb Past tense
Vinamra asked Vismaya if she
Vinamra: Are you sure Vinamra asks Vismaya if she is sure
was sure which train they were
which train we are which train they are travelling by and
travelling by, and on on which date. travelling by and on which
which date? date.
Vismaya: Of course I Vismaya is of course sure that they Vismaya was of course sure
am. We are going by are going by the AP Express on the they were going by the AP
the AP Express on the 30th. She assures Vinamra that there Express on the 30th. She
30th. Let there be no need not be any doubt about it. assured Vinamra that there
doubt about it. need not be any doubt about it.
Vinamra: Then what Vinamra wants to know about the Vinamra wanted to know about
about the reservation? reservation. the reservation.
Vismaya: That's the Vismaya points out that that's the trav- Vismaya pointed out that that
travel dept's business. el dept's business and that they must was the travel dept's business
Let them do it. take care of it. and they had to take care of it.
Vinamra: What about Vinamra likes to know/ would like to Vinamra liked to know/ would
the director's travel know about the director's travel know about the director's travel
arrangements? arrangements. arrangements.
Vismaya: It's not our Vismaya dismisses it as not their busi- Vismaya dismissed it as not
business. Let his PA ness and says that, his PA must take their business and said that the
take care of it. care of it/ it is for his PA to take care of PA had to take care of it/ it was
it. for his PA to take care of it.
(dismiss = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç, ÖüÓu-í∫ç-™ -†’ç-* -Ö-üÓu-T-E-/ Ææ÷\-™¸, é¬-™‰-ñ ¸-™ -†’ç* Nü∆u-JnE BÊÆ-ߪ’ôç.
Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç = ûÓÆœ-§ƒ-Í®-ߪ’-ôç/- éÌ-öÀd-§ƒ-Í®-ߪ’ôç).
It is for him to do it = ÅC Åûª-úø’ îËߪ÷-Lq† °æE. It is for the teacher to say if a student is clever or
not = -N-ü∆u-Jn ûÁL-¢Áj-†-¢√ú≈ é¬ü∆ ÅE îÁ§ƒp-LqçC -öÃ-˝.
Vinamra: How long Vinamra wants to know how long they Vinamra wanted to know how
are we to be in Delhi? are to be in Delhi. long they were to be in Delhi.
Vismaya: Let's make Vismaya suggests that they (should) Vismaya suggested that they
the best of the trip. make the best of their trip and that (should) make the best of their
Let's stay there for two they (should) stay there for two or trip and that they (should) stay
or three days after the three days after the Conference. there for two or three days after
Conference. the Conference.