Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SO
f7V
SELECTIONS
FROM THE GREEK PAPYRI
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
EonDon: FETTER LANE, E.C
C. F. CLAY, Manager
CFlimburgfj :
too, PRINCES STREET
Ettltn: A. ASHER AND CO.
U.fip>ig: F. A. BROCKHAUS
THE
who are interested in the recent discoveries of Greek
<*5
Vlll PREFACE
Prof. B. P. Grenfell, Dr A. S. Hunt, Prof. J. P. Mahaffy,
Prof. E. J. Goodspeed, Prof. G. Vitelli, Prof. A. Deissmann,
and Dr W. Schubart, without whose ready co-operation and
encouragement these Selections could hardly have been
attempted at all.
G. M.
Indices :
PLATE
Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 744 ( = No. 12) . .
Frontispiece
"Papyri natura dicetur, cum chartae usu maxime humanitas
vitae constet, certe memoiia."
P. Brit. Mus. —
Greek Papyri in the British Museum. Vols. I, II,
1907-08.
P. Magd. = Papyri from Magdola, ed. Lefebvre in Bulletin de
correspondance hellenique, 1902 ft".
Strassburg, 1906-07.
P. Tebt.= 77^ Tebtunis Papyri. Vol. I, ed. B. P. Grenfell, A. S.
43 Letter of an Anxious
Mother B.G.U. 380 iii/A.D. 104
Letter of P. Tebt. 421 106
44 Apion iii/A.D.
48 Certificate of Pagan
Sacrifice B.G.U. 287 A.D. 250 114
Letter of Psenosiris P. Grenf. 73 late iii/A.D. 117
49 II,
5° Letter regarding
Funeral Expenses P. Grenf. 11, 77 iii/iv A.D. 119
51 Letter to Abinnaeus P. Brit. Mus. 417 c. A.D. 346 123
Leipzig, 1900.
Hatzidakis, G. N. Einleitung in die Neugriechische Grammatik.
Leipzig, 1892.
Herwerden, H. van. Lexicon Graecum suppletoriumet dialecticum.
Editio altera. Lugd. Batav., 1910.
Hohlwein, N. La Papyrologie Grecque. Louvain, 1905. A clas-
sifiedbibliography of all papyrological publications, including
reviews and magazine articles, up to Jan. 1, 1905.
Jannaris, A. N. An Historical Greek Grammar. London, 1897.
Kennedy, H. A. A. Sources of New Testament Greek, or the
XVI AUTHORITIES QUOTED AND RECOMMENDED
O. G. I. S. =
Orientis Graeci Inscriptions Selectae, ed. W. Ditten-
berger 2 vols. Leipzig, 1903-05.
Otto, W. Priester und Tempel itn Hellenistischen Agypten. 2 vols.
TABLE OF MONTHS
Corresponding in an
Egyptian Macedonian Honorific Roman ordinary year to our
Ba>6 Aios [2e/3acrrds
Aug. 29 — Sept. 27
[TfppaviKos
Ntpoweios
Xotdie Uepirios Ntpcovftoy 2f/3aordy Nov. 27 — Dec. 26
'ASptavds
<&apevu>d 'Aprfpicrjos
— March 26
Feb. 25
restored :
is, in an intercalary year Thoth 1 is Aug. 30
that and so
on, Phamenoth 4 equalling Feb. 29.
The Macedonian Calendar was equated to the Egyptian to-
wards the end of ii/B.C.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
i. Interest of Papyrus-discoveries.
2. Manufacture of Papyrus.
3 History of Papyrus-discoveries.
4. Papyrus Collections.
5.
Literary Papyri.
6. Non-literary Papyri.
7. Significance of the Papyri.
8. The Richness of the Field.
m.
"
You are not to suppose that the word [some New Testament
word which had itsonly classical authority in Herodotus] had
fallen out of use in the interval, only that it had not been used in
the books which remain to us :
probably it had been part of the
common speech all along. I will go further, and say that if we
could only recover letters that ordinary people wrote to each other
without any thought of being literary, we should have the greatest
possible help for the understanding of the language of the New
Testament generally."
Bishop Lightfoot in 1863.
i. Amongst recent discoveries in Egypt few have awakened
Interest of
a more widespread interest than the countless
Papyrus- papyrus documents that have been brought to
discoveries.
u gnt Some of these have been found amongst
the ruins of ancient temples and houses ; others have formed
part of the cartonnage in which crocodile-mummies were
enveloped; but far the largest number have come from the
rubbish heaps (Arab. Kom) on the outskirts of the towns or
villages, to which they had been consigned as waste-paper,
instead of being burnt as amongst ourselves.
Of these Greek papyri, for it is with Greek papyri alone
that we are concerned, the earliest dated document is a
of the stem was cut into long strips, which were laid down
1
N. H. xiii 11 — 13. Cf. the la Fabrication du Papier chez les
careful Mhnoire sur le Papyrus et Anciens by M. Dureau de la Malle
b2
XXII INTRODUCTION
of Pliny is fully discussed, and see den Griechen und Rbmertt (Berlin,
the other authorities quoted in the 1907), p. of., and Archiv V, p. 191 ff.
'
2
Excursus on St Paul as a Letter-
'
The technical term for crossing
'
Writer in my Commentary on the out was x i °-^°/J ai- Hence a decree
-
Epp. to the Thessalonians, p. 121 ff. that was annulled was said x iaff ^V-
1
The distinction between recto vai, cf. P. Flor. 61. 65 (a.d. 86
—
and verso, which
of great value is 88), and see further Deissmann LO. 2
in the dating of documents, the p. 249 ff. In B.G.U. 717. 22 ff.
The
price paid was of course determined by the size and
nature of the paper provided, and in view of our ignorance
on these points the few figures that are available do not
give much guidance 3
But it is clear that papyrus was by
.
been known as ivix^P TV (P- Oxy. Suo) cost at the rate of a drachma
34. 15, a.d. 127). For other writing- and two obols each, or a little over
materials see P. Grenf. 11 38 (b.c a shilling of our money: see also
81), where directions are given for Schubart op. cit. p. 12 f.
4
the purchase of pens (icdXafioi ypa- In P. Gen. 52, a letter written
3 Mace, iv 20) and ink
cf. on the verso of a business docu-
(pLKol,
2 Jo. 12).
(/j.4\as, cf. In P. Oxy. —
ment, the writer explains x<*-P Tl0V
326 (c. A.D. 45) we hear of rb (Wilcken Archiv III, p. 399) KaOa-
fipoxLov tov p.4\avos (' the inkpot ') pbv fii) evpwv irpbs ttjv wpav els
and rb ap.-rfklo\y~\ [6']7twj yaK^ay tov[t]ov typa-tya: cf. B.G.U. 822
tovs Ka\dp.ov$. (iii/A.D.) verso irififoif /xoi aypa<pov
3
Thompson (Greek and Latin ^
x *P T V v >
( a €&po[p.e]v im<TTo\[r)v]
Palaeography, p. 28) refers to an ypdipu.
XXIV INTRODUCTION
lettershave been preserved there, while they have almost
1
wholly disappeared elsewhere .
f
where the fellaheen produced a chest containing
Papyrus- about fifty papyri. As however no purchasers
discoveries.
wgre forthcoming, all these, except one now in
the Museum at Naples (the Charta Borgiana), were destroyed
for the sake, so it is said, of the aromatic smell which they
2
gave forth in burning .
2
1
The principal exception is Her- See Wilcken Die griechischen
culaneum, where as a matter of fact Papyrusurkunden (Berlin, 1897),
the first Greek papyri were brought p. 10. The result of an experi-
to light in the course of the excava- ment, conducted along with Prof.
tions in 1752 and the following E. J. Goodspeed on some papyrus-
years. Fromthe calcined nature fragments, leads the present writer
'
the work of decipher- rather to doubt the aromatic part
'
of the rolls,
ment was unusually difficult, but of the story.
3
eventually it was found that the The great bulk of these now
greater part were occupied with form the Rainer collection at Vienna,
philosophical writings of the Epi- which was still further enriched in
curean school. A
few fragments 1896, and their contents are gradu-
of Epicurus himself were also re- ally being made available through
covered, including a charming letter the labours of Dr C. Wessely and
to a child (No. 2). The evidence others. To the collections men-
of the Herculaneum papyri on tioned on p. xi f. add in this con-
questions of accidence and grammar nexion Wessely's monographs on
is fully stated in W. Cronert's great Karanis unci Socnopaei Nesos and
work Memoria Graeca Hercula- Die Stadt Arsinoe (Vienna, 1902).
nensis (Leipzig, 1903).
INTRODUCTION XXV
bear witness.
1
list which comprises the
For a by Prof. Grenfell's statement (as re-
titles of most of the existing col- ported in the Athenaeum, Aug. 22,
lections see p. xi f. but how much
; 190S, p. 210) that of the Papyri
still remains to be done before even from Oxyrhynchus alone, only about
the existing materials can be made one-sixth have as yet been de-
available for general use is shown ciphered.
XXVI INTRODUCTION
3<p6
— variously ascribed to Theopompus or Cratippus and
5,
1
,
so forth.
But there are in addition a large number of private
letters which, like all true letters, are often of the most
1
The attribution to the latter is 1909) The Recently- Discovered
_
'
2
with personal greetings to his lord
'
See especially Wilcken's valu-
'
and patron and the members of his able lecture, already cited, Die
household—' almost as generous a griech. Papyntswktmden, p. 29 ff.
8 documents are as a rule
scale as in a Pauline epistle' (Kenyon, Official
Brit. Mus. Papyri
II, p. 305). so dated up till the end of the first
e.g. the curious and century after Christ, after that only
1
See illite-
rate letter of Apollonius (No. 7) and by month and day. Cf. the Table
from a later period the letter of of Months on p. xviii, which Dr
Psenosiris (No. 49), which has been A. S. Hunt has kindly revised for
so variously interpreted. me.
XXVlll INTRODUCTION
corrected, and the whole history of book production before the
adoption of vellum put in a new and striking light. Thus, to
refer only to a single point, the New Testament student can
no longer have any possible doubt that the books of the New
Testament were written originally on papyrus, and that in such
a letter as is reproduced in facsimile as a frontispiece to this
volume he can see the prototype, so far as outward appear-
ance is concerned, of an original Pauline Epistle 1 .
(see note on No. 55. 28), or the summary of a trial with the
speech of the prosecuting counsel (No. 18), we are at once
1
See further Kenyon Palaeo- valuable information in the vols.
graphy, p. 92 ff., and Handbook on The Ptolemaic Dynasty by Prof.
to the Textual Criticism of the Mahaffy and on Under Roman Rule
New Testament (Macmillan, 1901), by Mr J. S. Milne in Methuen's
Chap. II 'The Autographs of the History of Egypt, Vols. IV, V
New Testament.' (1S9S).
3
The student will find much
INTRODUCTION XXIX
1
These include some third and the New Sayings of Jesus (P. Oxy.
fourth century fragments of the 654) and the Fragment of an Un-
LXX, a third century MS. of Mt. i canonical Gospel (P. Oxy. 840) have
of all been published separately in
(P. Oxy. 2), and about one-third
the Ep. to the Hebrews from the convenient forms (Frowde, 1897,
early part of the fourth century 1904 and 1908) see
: also Swete's
(P. Oxy. 657). So far as they go, edition of Two New Gospel Frag-
the N.T. texts confirm on the whole ments (Deighton, Bell & Co., 1908).
the evidence of the great uncials KB, In Les plus anciens Monuments du
or what we know as the Westcott Christianisme {Patrologia Orknlalis
and Hort text. A
list of the principal iv 1 [1907]) Wessely has edited the
Biblical papyri is given by Deissmann most important early Christian do-
Enc. Biblica, col. 3559 f- cuments written on papyrus, with
3 and commentaries.
The original Logia (P. Oxy. 1), translations
XXX INTRODUCTION
for the most part made use of the ordinary colloquial Greek,
again must we lose sight of the fact that the sacred writers,
especially in the case of the New Testament, deepened and
enriched the significance of many everyday words, and em-
ployed them in altogether new connotations. At the same
time the best way to get at these new connotations is surely
to start from the old, and to trace, as we are now enabled to
do, the steps by which words and phrases were raised from
their original popular and secular usage to the deeper and
more spiritual sense, with which the New Testament writings
have made us familiar 2 by way of illustration
. It is sufficient
(No. 7. 2), atw'vios (No. 45. 27), /3a7rn£a> (No. 7. 13), Kvpios
(No. l8. 6), AciTovpye'w (No. 5. 2), irapova-ia (No. 5. 18),
7rpeo-/3£va) (No. 40. 14), 7rpeo-/?vr€pos (Nos. 10. 1 7, 29. 11),
n-poypdfpu) (No. 27. 11), a<i>T7)p (No. 19. 18), awT^pta (No. 36.
' 3
13), and \P r}lxaT ^w (No. L
25. 2) .
1
An over-tendency to minimize sentially an isolated language, and
these last is probably the most per- the whole question of how far the
tinent criticism that can be directed Greek of the New Testament de-
against Dr J. H. Moulton's Pro- viates from the Koiwfi requires a
legomena to his Grammar of New fuller discussion and statement than
Testament Greek, a book that is as it has
yet received. Some good re-
useful to the papyrologist as it is marks on the 'eigenartig' character
indispensable to the student of the of the New Testament writings,
Greek New
Testament. See further notwithstanding the linguistic and
the valuable sections (§§ 3, 4) on stylistic parallels that have been dis-
' —
The Koifrj the Basis of Septuagint covered, will be found in Heinrici's
Greek,' and 'The Semitic Element monograph Derlitlerarische Charak-
in LXX Greek '
in Thackeray's ter der neutestamentlichen Schriften
Grammar of the Old Testament in (Leipzig, 1908).
3
Greek I, 16 ff.
p. For many more examples of the
2
The
denial of a distinctive influence of the Koiv/j on N.T. Greek
•
Biblical or
' '
New Testament than are possible in the limits of the
'
Greek is often too unqualified to- present volume reference may per-
day owing to the recoil from the haps be allowed to the
'
Lexical
old position of treating it as es- Notes from the Papyri' which Dr
INTRODUCTION XXXI
literary in origin
ordinary historian of the period did not think it worth his while
to notice 2 But now by means of their own autographic letters
.
appeal to the ruling powers for protection (Nos. 10, 29), and
the village 'elders' arrange for dancing-girls to enliven an
approaching festival (No. 45) the youth who has wasted all
:
his substance with 'riotous living' (No. 27), and the poor
prodigal with his humble confession of sin (No. 37), stand
before us in the flesh while the mourners sorrowing as those
:
'
'
the Study of the Early Progress of plebeiorum infinitam illam turbam
Christianity (London, 1899), p. 95 ff.
— Jesus and Paul among them!
2 2
Deissmann (ZO. p. 217 f.) See also the same -writer's articles
strikingly recalls the Prosopogra- on '
Primitive Christianity and the
phia Imperii Romani which cata- Lower Classes' in Exp. VII vii,
logues 8,644 men and women of pp. 97 ff., 208 ff., 35a ft.
TOIS
mate number of letters that have been lost or erased, and dots
outside brackets mutilated or illegible letters. A dot under a
letter, e.g. a, shows that the letter is uncertain.
As regards =
dating, i/B.C.
=
lst century B.C., i/A.D. ist century
A.D., and i/ii A.D.= a date falling about the end of the ist or the
beginning of the 2nd century A.D.
i. A MARRIAGE CONTRACT
part played by the bride's father, and her own repeated desig-
nation as iXzvdepa (1. 4 f). Noteworthy too are the stringent
provisions regulating the married life of the pair (11. 6, 8 ff.)
which, with faint echoes in the Oxyrhynchus documents, dis-
appear from the contracts of the Roman period, to be renewed
later under Christian influences; cf. C. P. R. 30. 20 ff.
(vi/A.D.) 7rp6s t<3 kou avriji' dya7rai' kol ^aA.7reiv kcu depcnrevtiv
avrov . . .viraKOveiv 8k avroj kolOo. t<2 vofno kcu tj} olkoXovOiu. avfi-
erei efiBofim
'AXegdvBpov rob 'A\e%dvBpov ftaaikevovTO?
eret Teacrape-
T\.Tok6fiaiov <TaTpcnr6vovTO<;
o~icaiBetcdTG)L /jltjvo ; 1
Aiou. Xvyypa<f>i) avvoiKt,o-ca<i HpaieXei-
Bov zeal ArjfirjTpia ;. 1
Aafx/3dvei 'Hpa/cXciSr]?
Ar)p,T)Tpiav Kauai/ yvvatKa <yvr)<rlav irapd rov Trarpos AeTr-
rivov K&h'ou /ecu Trj<i /jL7)Tpb<i ^tXam'So? iXevdepos
,
real Koafiov^pa^fids:)
eXevOepav jrpoa<pepo/xevr}v eifiaTMr/xov
ja, Trapeyerw Be 'Hpa/cXetS?;? ArjfMrjrpiai,
oara Trpocyrjicei yvvaiia, eXevdepat Trdvra, elvai Be rjixa<i Kara
ravrb ottov av Borcrjt dpiarov elvai (SovXevojAevois
KOivrjt 5
firjrpia,
Tpiwv,
0&9 av SoKifjbd^cocriv apb^orepoi. M77 egecrro) Be 'HpaxXeiBrji
dpyvpi-
ov 'A\el;av8peiov (8pax/j,d<i) a. 'H Be irpdga eo-rco /caddirep
ey Biter]? Kara vopov TeXo? e^ovai]^ Ar)p,rjTpiai Kal tois
fierd
be deprived of all that she has brought, and let Heraclides prove
his charge against Demetria in the presence of three men, whom
both shall approve. And let it not be allowed to Heraclides to
bring in another woman to the insult of Demetria, nor to beget
children by another woman, nor shall Heraclides do any wrong
to Demetria on any pretext. And if Heraclides shall be detected
doing any of these things, and Demetria shall prove it in the
presence of three men, whom both shall approve, let Heraclides
repay to Demetria the dowry which she brought to the value of
1000 drachmas, and let him pay in addition 1000 drachmas of
Alexander's coinage. And let the right of execution be as if a formal
decree of the court had been obtained to Demetria and to those
7. eTrtdei$a.Tu] In Ac. xviii 28, generally in the N.T. : see 1 Thess.
Heb. vi 17 the verb is used in the ii 4 (note),
same sense of 'prove," demonstrate.' 9. irapevptirei firiSffxiai] Cf. P.
ivavriov avbpuv rpiwv] With this Tebt. 5. 61 (B.C. 118), B.G.U. 241.
private separation before witnesses 40 (ii/A.D.).
contrast such a later 'deed of 11. apyvptov 'AXetiavdpelov]
'
per-
divorce' as No. 16. For evavriov, haps the earliest documentary men-
frequent in this sense in the LXX, tion of Alexander's coinage, unless
cf. Lk. i 6 r,o-av 5i diKaioi d/ncpdrepoi Dittenberger Syll. 176 is about two
'
ivavriov rod OeoO. years older (Rubensohn).
8. SoKtfiAfaatv] 'approve,' as
1—2
4 A MARRIAGE CONTRACT No. i
Kcoios.
14. Sirov kt\.~\ a clause inserted only binding in the place where it
in view of the fact that, according to was entered into,
strict Greek law, the contract was
No. 3 EPICURUS TO A CHILD
2. EPICURUS TO A CHILD
Ex vol. Hercul. 176. iii/B.c.
Matron in all things, as you have done before. For be sure, the
reason why both I and allthe rest love you so much is that you
obey these in all things....
in, p. 112. See also Wilamowitz, Gr. Pes. 1, p. 396 f.; 11, p. 261 f.;
and Redcn zmd Vortnige, p. 251 ; Witkowski, Ep. Priv. Gr. p. 5 ff.
mula, cf. 1 Mace, xii 18, 22, Ac. <rv<TTrjcrai] bring together,' hence
x 33, Phil, iv 14, 3 Jo. 6. 'introduce,' 'recommend': see the
el ippuaai kt\.] Mahaffy (P. note on P. Oxy. 292. 5 f. (= No. 14).
Petr. II, Appendixp. 10) has In Gen. xl 4 ko,1 avviaTqatv 6 dpxt-
pointed out that the occurrence of Scct^wtt/s ry 'Iu<rr\<j> avrovs, Kal
this common Greek formula at this iraptoTij airoh, the meaning is
early date establishes beyond dispute somewhat different 'put under the
that the corresponding Roman S.V. charge of.'
adopted by Mahaffy (P. Petr. II, generally adopted when the person
App. p. 4) in place of his original addressed is of superior rank: in the
'
I have put out to interest.' case of an inferior, tppuxro is the
8. ayuviw/iev] Cf. P. Petr. Ill, ordinary formula. For exceptions
53 V) 5 f- x °t> ")*P&* &rvx*v ayw- see Wilcken Archiv I, p. 161,
viwfxev, for
'
we are in a state of no
4. ISIAS TO HEPHAESTION
P. Brit. Mus. 42. B.C. 168.
diately gave thanks to the gods that you were well; but that you
did not return when all those who were shut
up with you
arrived distresses me; for having piloted
myself and your child
out of such a crisis, and having come to the last
extremity
because of the high price of corn, and thinking that now at last on
your return I should obtain some relief, you have never even
thought of returning, nor spared a look for our helpless state.
While you were went short altogether, not to
still at home, I
mention how long a time has passed since, and such disasters,
'H^>aio~r[a>vt.
and you having sent nothing. And now that Horus who brought
the letter has told about your having been released from your
retreat, I am utterly distressed. Nor is this all, but since your
mother is in great trouble about it, I entreat you for her sake
and for ours to return to the city, unless indeed something most
pressing occupies you. Pray take care of yourself that you may
be in health.
Good-bye. Year 2 Epeiph 30.
(Addressed)
To Hephaestion.
worry,'
12 PETITION FROM THE SERAPEUM TWINS No. 5
Col. I.
filv vpXv
€7nB7]/j(,^aa[ai]v iv Me'/Lt^et Kal avafiacnv 649 to
lepbv dvaidaai
€V6TV'%op,ei>,
Kal ineBcoKafiev evTev^cv, Trpofapop-evat
p.r) KOfii&crOac 5
jxevai, W9 dv
vtto tt}<? Xifiov BiaXvofievat, irdXiv evrvxelv vfiiv,
teal BC oXlwv
TTjv twj' dBiKOvvTcw ftfAcis (ptXavriav i%@eivat. "Tficov
yap etCTiOivTcov IO
ert cltto rCiv evirpocrdev y^pbvwv <rvvTa%iv t&> re
%apaTuei(p
real t<o 'AatcXrjTrieib), KaX e/c rovrwv ical ra>v irporov
yevrjdeurcov
B[L]Svp,cov Ko/xcaafi€vo3v rd eavrcov icad* r)p.kpav
kovtwv, 15
those who are injuring us. For although you already from former
times have proclaimed a contribution for the Serapeum and
Asclepeum, and in consequence of this the twins who were there
before us daily received what they required, to us also when we
first went up to the temple straightway for a few days the impres-
5i' 6\/wi'] = 5i' 6\lywv, cf. 1 Pet. further Moulton Proleg. pp. 168, 248.
v 12, and for the spelling see 15. ws &»] See Moulton Proleg.
Thackeray Gramm. I, p. 112. [>. 167.
No. 5 PETITION FROM THE SERAPEUM TWINS 1 5
ivecpavl^ofiev
inrep tovtwv. Twv 8k 77-009 tois xeipicrfjiol*}
kv t<3
%apairtei(p
KOi 'AavcA^TTtetft) rerayfiiveov KaTareToXfiTj/coTcov koX
ra 20
tcah
v<fi v/ub(Sv r]p2v xpijfiarc^ofxeva i/ccpepo/xevcov
ovSe/xlav
evXdfietav TrpoopcofxivoiV' rjjAbiv 8e rots Siovat 0\i-
fiopiveov
8.
1
Tropoufffos] For the use of word, 2 Mace, iii 24, v 15 (KarerbX-
ir. as a kind of term, techn. in the p.r)crev els Tb...lepbv daekOeiv).
papyri to describe the official visit 21. XP )^ 71 %bfj.eva]
7 See the note
of a king or other great personage, on 1. 5 above.
cf. Thess. p. 145 f., where the corre- 22. ev\af3eiai>] The word has
sponding light thrown on the N.T. apparently the same religious con-
usage of the word is discussed. See notation in Prov. xxviii 14: for a
also Deissmann LO?
p. 278 ff. corresponding use of the adverb see
ive^avi^o/iev] lit. 'laid informa- P. Par. 12. 10 (B.C. 157) evXafius
tion,' but frequently with the added /./.ov <jx^tos, 'when I was in a devout
thought of 'against 'as in Ac. xxiv 1, frame of mind,' and cf. 2 Mace, vi 11,
xxv2, 15; cf. P. Eleph.8. 3f. (iii/B.C.) Lk. ii. 25 (adj.).
tp.<j><xvlfaaoi "Qpov Uaadros, a report Trpoopa>p,evwv~\ an interesting ex-
to the Praetor, and P. Tor. 1. 8. 12 ample of the rare Midd. use of it.
ip.<pa.vioTov Kal tcaTTjybpov (with Pey- = pay regard to,' set before one,'
' '
'
X €T0
to irpofcei/xevov eVtTeXeVetj/ •
rov 8e rov WivTaiov?
VIOV €K TT)<i
Col. II.
1*31. 12 (
ff. =
111, p. 109) (a.d. 144) in Ac xx
_ , 4#
dfroy/xtv di rod dtaaroXtKov Avrlypa-
No. 5 PETITION FROM THE SERAPEUM TWINS i;
M.
1 8 PETITION FROM THE SERAPEUM TWINS No. 6
48. to e^rjs] Cf. P. Oxy. 282. 7f. during his lifetime of disposing of his
(a.D. 30
—
35) iirexopriyricra avrfj to property Kad' 6v iav alpw/uu [rpdirov],
'
f|?)s Kal inrtp ovva/juv. any manner I choose.' The aor.
in
52. 'desire,' 'choose';
alpijo-Oe'] is used of the Divine election in
cf. P. Oxy. 489. 4 (a.D. 117), a will Deut. xxvi 18, 3 Thess. ii 13 (note),
where the testator reserves the power
2—2
20 A DREAM FROM THE SERAPEUM No. 6
I said, 'I have still for a little while to gaze (in the temple), and it will
to come himself, and many other things I saw, and again I asked
Serapis and Isis saying Come to me, goddess of the gods, show
:
thyself merciful, hear me, have pity on the Twins. Thou hast con-
butI know that in a... time I shall have rest. But these are women.
If they are defiled, they shall never at all be pure.
construed with the ace. of the person, breaches of concord in the papyri
as in the LXX
and N.T. In clas- see Moulton Proleg. p. 60.
sical writers it is followed by the 27. ixiavO&aiv] so Witk. for fxi]
genitive- avdQcni> (Edd.). Cf. Tit. i. 15,
7ro\ias] Cf. Prov. xx 23 56£a 8e Heb. xii. 15.
irpeafivTipwv iro\ial.
7. LETTER OF APOLLONIUS
P. Par. 47. c. b.c. 153.
AffoWtovioi; TlroXe/xalwi
rep trarpi ^aipeiv. o/ivv-
o top Zapawiv, I fir] —
/xitcpov
Tt ivrpeirofiai, ovk av fie
I8e$ to ir<6>po-(i>Tr6v p,ov 5
•jroTTOTe,
— otl yfrevSfji
nrdvTa Kal ol irapa tre
runaway will try not to allow us to remain on the spot, for on our
account he has been fined to the amount of 15 bronze talents. The
strategus goes up tomorrow to the Serapeum and spends two days
in the Anubeum fasting. It is not possible that I should ever
show my face again in Tricomia for very shame, now that we
have collapsed and fallen from hope, being deceived by the gods
and trusting in dreams. Farewell.
743. 29 (b.c. 2) x6pL" fuv ei<(popius>. 3°- ivvirvia] See the introd. to
_
18. t(=i)ft,uio( = co)t<u] cf. Phil.
(
No. 6.
iii 8 to, irdvTa ifrjfxiudrjv.
24 LETTER OF APOLLONIUS No. 8
On the verso
8. A LETTER OF INTRODUCTION
P. GOODSPEED 4. ii/B.C.
A
letter from Polycrates to Philoxenus introducing to his
virep wv ri/3ov\6p-e6a,
airearakKapuev 77730? <re
3. Kara \6yov ] Cf. P. Brit. Mus. use of vv4p, in which the original
42. 2 (
= No. 4). meaning of 'in the interest of is
4. atpov/xeda] Cf. P. Par. 26. 51 practically lost sight of, cf. 2 Thess
(= No. 5). ii 1
(note).
6. virep wv] For this weakened
No. 8 A LETTER OF INTRODUCTION 25
On the verso
you our own Glaucias that he may consult you. Please therefore
give him a hearing, and instruct him concerning those things
he has come about. But above all take care of yourself that you
may be in health. Good-bye. The 29th year, Phamenoth....
(Addressed) To Philoxenus.
i Mace, xiv 22 and P. Fay. 12. 15 f. Euergetes II, i.e. B.C. 141.
26 A PROMISE OF REWARD No. 9
9. A PROMISE OF REWARD
P. GOODSPEED 5. ii/B.C.
Uapa IleTevpios
SiedivTO? (jlov
Bia Tr}<; oijs enr-
01/&79 virdp^ec
croi el$ (JTefyavov
XaXicov (jakavTa) irev-
re <y{iverai) (raXavra) e'.
€VTV)(€l.
i. SieQivTos] not = Siadivros wider use of the word cf. P. Par. 42.
(Goodspeed), but 1 aor. part. pass. 11 f. where a certain Apollonius is
of ditrifu according to Wilcken, who promised a oTeQaviov ('gratifica-
compares the use of the verb in Xen. tion ') of 3 talents for services
Hell. ii. 4. 39 8irJKe t6 ffTpdrev/xa. rendered to the police of Memphis.
Add P. Petr. ii 8 f. (iii/B.c.)
19 (1 a) For the more special application
oiiffOai [dirb tt}s] <pv[\a}Krjs, 'to set indicated above (cf. introd.) see
free from prison.' further 1 Thess. ii 19 (note).
a- <sTf<pa.vov'\
'
reward.' For this
No. 10 PETITION OF A TAX-FARMER 27
A petition
from a tax-farmer of Kerkeosiris asking that he
should be placed under the protection of the royal scribe of the
village. A docket appended to the petition shows that it was
forwarded by the scribe to Menches the komogrammateus with
the request that it should be given effect to. For similar
advantages derived from official 'protection' see P. Tebt. 34
4. fiiTT/pde] Beer, like oil, was used for washing purposes (r/ vtrptKi]
probably a government monopoly, irXiWi/, see Wilcken Gr. Ostr. I,
and the Editors think it very likely p. 264), was also controlled by the
that the sale of nitrate, which was state.
28 PETITION OF A TAX-FARMER No. 10
%ivia,
vat r[a] et<? rbv t?}<? auX?}? Karaprio'p.bv
Kal to yew6p,evov rwt IleTecrotr^&H /cat rot? /cpoKo(8el\oi<i)
cnrovhr]\y]-"'
Several much mutilated lines follow.
TropevovTCLi, ijo) iv
A\e^avSp€^l)a fieva). 5
4. iav 6'Xws elair opevov rcu] with 1 Tim. 5) the word is construed
iii
reference apparently to the return regularly with the gen., and similarly
of the writer's fellow-workmen from in the LXX (except 1 Esdr. vi 26
Alexandria to Oxyrhynchus (Deiss- irpodira^ev 8e im/j.e\ridrjvaL "Siolvvri) :
elpr\K,a<i
Se 'A<f> poSicr tart /xyj fie
On the verso
forget me.' How can I forget you? I beg you therefore not to
worry.
The 29th year of Caesar, Pauni 23.
(Addressed)
Hilarion to Alis, deliver.
M.
34 LETTER FROM ALEXANDRIA No. 13
r
O 8ia\oyt,[<T[ib<i
The inquiry....
Sarapion to his brother Dorion, greeting and perpetual health.
On my arrival in Alexandria on the... of the undernoted month, I
learned from certain fishermen at Alexandria that... and that
3~2
36 LETTER FROM ALEXANDRIA No. 13
On the verso
TupiWwi]
I. From the verso common in the papyri, cf. 2 Cor.
(cf. Oxy. 291) we learn that
P. iii 1, &c, and for the form of the
Tyrannus (cf. Ac. xix 9) occupied above phrase cf. Lk. xiv 18, 19 £x«
the position of dioa<r)Tri$ apparently t /xe TrapriTTjfxivov.
here a local finance-officer, respon- 8. 5ia ypairrov] 'in writing' as
by word of
'
sible to the central bureau in Alex- distinguished from
andria: cf. Wilcken Gr. Oslr. I, mouth': cf. P. Oxy. 293. 5 f.
p. 492 ff.
(a. D. 27) oUre
5(A ypairrov oO're 5ia
6.?x- o-vrbv tTVPe<TTa/A<zvoi>] For o-rj/j.€<l>ov 'neither by letter nor
avvl(TTr)iu=' commend,' which is by message' (GH.).
33 A LETTER OF COMMENDATION No. is
On the verso
TvpdvicoL SloiK^rjTfj).
that you may be in health unharmed by the evil eye and faring
prosperously. Goodbye.
(Addressed) To Tyrannus, dioecetes.
9. x a P' e<rct = x a P' e ' £riX( » cf. P. ku6' vTrep[lo\l]V ^epapvp.jxivoi iirl ry
Grenf. 11, 14 (c). 7 (iii/B.c.)xap'f"cat {ere} /jlt] 5t' rinas iiriarjfiaalas avrbv
I am excessively vexed
'
fioi tovto iroirjcras, and see Moulton rerevx^vai,
Proleg. p. 53 f., where it is shown that he should have gained no
that the similar N.T. formations special consideration from you on
Kavxaaai, 68wacai have been formed my account' (Edd.).
'with the help of the -aai that an- 12. afiaaK&vTws] a common for-
swers to 3rd sing, -rat in the perfect.' mula in closing greetings, e.g. P.
10. eirt.ariii.aala.'s kt\.] In P. Tebt. Leip. 108. 9 aaira.ee ra afiaa-KavTa.
23. 4ft. (ii/B.c.) the writer complains aov iraib"ia, P. Oxy. 930. 23, P. Fay.
regarding his correspondent's con- 126. 10
duct towards a protege of his own — (ail ii/iii A.D.).
19. SavKxras'] Cf. Lk. vii 41 Wilcken {Archiv IV, p. 567) finds
bvb xpeofaXtrai rjcrav Bclvutttj rift. here the earliest known reference
'
20. dvaiTTaTwa-Qs] drive us out,' to the Jews as money-lenders, the
i.e. from hearth and home. description of them as the bankers
'
Cf.
the metaphorical usage in Gal. v 12 of Egypt,' which Sayce and Mahafify
ol &}>a.<rTa.TodvTes v/xas, and see P. draw from the v/b.c. Assuan papyri,
Oxy. 119. 10 (
= No. 42). not being established in his view by
24. /SA^Tre ffarbv (
= ffeavrbv) &tt6] these documents.
With this construction, hitherto be- 27. <pChidoai\ Cf. Sir. 37. I
lieved to be a Hebraism, cf. viii Mk i<f>i\la<ra atrip Kay6.
15 pXtirere dirb rrjs iOfxrjs tCov Qapt- 29. Tri£Xa] Cf. P. Par. 18 (6is)
caluv, xii 38 /3\e7rere dirb twv 5 f. [<rco;ua]...£x w (= 0)" TdfiXav Kara,
ypa/x/j-ariuy. rod Tpa.x"r)\ov.
LETTER TO A MAN IN MONEY-DIFFICULTIES 41
z\TTicn, and in the belief that it would last €(£' o\ov rov rrj<i l£
xpovov.
d/xcfioiv £10:75
For similar deeds see P. Oxy. 266 (a.d. 96), C. P. R. 23 and
P. Leip. 27 (both ii/A.D.), and P. Oxy. 906 (ii/iii a.d.), and
the discussion of the whole question in its legal bearings by
Lesquier Revue de Philologie 1906, p. 25 ff.
42 DEED OF DIVORCE No. 16
Mechir 25.
The
fourth year of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Ger-
manicus Emperor, the twenty-fifth day of the month Mechir, in
Socnopaei Nesus of the Heraclides district of the Arsinoite nome.
Agreement of Paous son of Paous, about twenty-five years old, a
scar on the forehead, with his wife Tesenouphis the daughter
left
of Onnophris, about twenty years old, a scar on the calf of the leg
on the left side, along with her guardian and kinsman Satabous,
the son of Erieus, about thirty years old, a scar on the calf of the
the contract of marriage, and that they neither make nor will make
any claim against one another regarding any matter whatsoever...
and Tesenouphis acknowledges receipt of the dowry of silver owed
by Paous, and the parapherna....
during, and generally towards the end of, the first year of the
new census-period — the census-paper, example, of a.d.
for
early as B.C. 10
—
9, and that probably in this, as in so many
other details of his administration, he made use of a similar
occupants of each house are given, and then the total number
of inhabitants and thenumber of males (P. Petr. in, 59 (</)).
In the main the Imperial dnoypacpai follow the same form.
or part of a house,
Beginning with a statement as to the house,
which belongs to him, the writer goes on to specify the
number and ages of its inhabitants, whether members of his
own family or slaves or tenants, including in his return both
males and females, apparently always in that order. The
whole then concludes with some such formal phrase as Sto
eVtSi'Sw/n and the date.
yo\yari
•
fioc
••••••
Karayeivopevoi iv
ol/cia
\avp]a$ votov
virap-
[••
8e[|?t]<3[«. 10
(ylverai) y //
period their functions appear to have aTre\(evd{pa)] Not only freed per-
become merged in those of the sons but slaves were included in the
komogrammateis or village-scribes, census returns, e.g. B.G.U. 137. 10
although originally these Mere subor- (ii/A.D.). For d. cf. 1 Cor. vii 22.
dinate officials: see the Editors' note 11. 7'] The two strokes following
on P. Oxy. 251. 2. 7' are apparently intended simply to
4. Kvpiov] See the note on B.G.U. draw attention to the fact that 7 is a
975. 12 (
= No. 16). number.
8. Qepnov&dpiov] Two names
No. 17 CENSUS RETURN 47
'
13. 6/j.vvw kt\.] Cf. P. Par. 47. 1 on settling down in any town or
(
= No. 7), note. village; see Deissmann LO? p. 78,
15. d( = rj) firjv ktX.] For the and cf. Wilcken Archiv I, p. 153.
same emphatic phrase cf. P. Brit. 21. 'Puifiai>(6v)] Lat. for usual
Mus. 181. 13 ( = 11, p. 147) (A.D. 64), Gk "Pwixaiou.
and for the form see Moulton Proleg. 24. e(p]iopKovt>Ti] to be so restored,
p. 46, Thackeray Gramm. I, pp. 54, rather than the Editors' iir]iopKovvTi,
83 f. in accordance with the aspirated form
20. iiri^evov] This rare word is generally found in the papyri, e.g. P.
found in an ostracon-receipt of Oxy. 240. 8, P. Flor. 79. 26 (both
A.D. 32
— 33 for the tax (tAoj eiri- i/A.D.). The verb (unaspirated) oc-
tyvov) which strangers had to pay curs in Mt. v 33 (LXX).
48 REPORT OF A LAWSUIT No. 18
Col. I.
<TTpaTi](<yov).
From
the minutes of Tiberius Claudius Pasion, strategus.
In the ninth year of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Ger-
manicus Emperor, Pharmouphi 3. In court, Pesouris versus
Saraeus.
3. iirl toO fo'inaTOs] Cf. Ac. xxv 10 tffrws twl rov jS^uotos Kahap6s el/xt.
No. 1 8 REPORT OF A LAWSUIT 49
"
Aristocles, advocate for Pesouris, (said) :
Pesouris, my client,
in the 7th year of Tiberius Claudius Caesar the lord, picked up
from the dung-heap a male foundling named Heraclas. This child
he handed over to the care of the defendant. There took place in
this court a contract-arrangement for the nursing of the son of
Pesouris. In the first year she [the nurse] received her wages for
nursing. There arrived the appointed time for the second year,
and she again received them. And in proof that I am telling the
truth there are the documents in which she admits that she has
have failed therefore to find there herself, but the contract entered
'
a tacit protest on S. Paul's part
'
into to supply her with rpocpda (cf.
against this misuse of a term which 1.10) seeWilcken Archiv I, p. 123,
:
throughout the Eastern world was and the confirmation of his view af-
endowed with a deeply religious forded by the avyypcMp'ri rpcxplns in
significance see further Deissmann
: P. Tebt. 51 (c. B.C. 113), and the
LO? p. 263 ff. numerous exx. in B.G.U. 1106 &c.
7. avro Koirpiai]Cf. Lk. xiv 35 10. Tpo<p(ca] Cf. B.G.U. 297.
otire els KoirplaveOQerdv eoriv. I2ff. (a.d. 50), where a nurse gives a
appevLKdv] See the note on P. receipt for to. Tptxpeta teal ra fXata.
Oxy. 744. 9 (=No. 12), and as Kal rbu liJ.a.TL<Tp.bv /;al r#XXa o<ra
illustrating the present form, which KadrjKei dtdoadai Tpo<ptp kt\.
is found in the Attic inscriptions 11. irpodeff/uta] frequent in con-
(Meisterhans p. 100), cf. C.P.R. tracts with reference to a fixed or
28. 12 (a.D. 1
10) tuiv Sk appivwv stipulated date, e.g. P. Oxy. 728. 18
viw, B.G.U. 88. 6 (a.D. 147) K&p.r)- (A.D. 142) rfi upitT/xivrj irpodt crptq. cf. :
M.
50 REPORT OF A LAWSUIT No. 18
dva.x6fjvaL 7]/j.as air ocnracr 8 evr as air' (e.g.P. Oxy. 91. 25, ii/A.D.). For
aurCiv. See also P. Oxy. 275. 22 the corresponding verb see B.G.U.
(=No. 20), note. o 75 2 o (
.
= No. 16), note.
16. elcewi'id-qaei'] Cf. Ac. xvi 29
No. 1 8 REPORT OF A LAWSUIT 51
Col. II
Theon: "We
have the documents relating to the foundling."
The "
strategus Since from its features the child appears to be
:
4-3
52 PETITION TO THE PREFECT No. 19
&>
KOirplm dpcreviKov acopbdrtov, ovo/xa '¥xpa,K\a<i,
ware rpo<p[evcra]i. rov [ov]v o-(op:ario[v re]re\evrr)/c6-
T05, KOi rov Svplpv] eTTiKe-^eip^KOTO'i dwoo-Trdcrai
€t9 hovkaya)yLa\y~\ rov dcpijXtKa pov vlbv 'Kirioyva, IO
kclQcl 7r[a\prj\6ov eVt rov ye.vop.kvov rov vopov
y
X^v. €VTVx(€l).
'
17. Karapyovvros] hinders,' tion to the Ptolemies and the Roman
'
makes inactive,' as in P. Strass. Emperors, e.g. P. Petr. 11 8 (2)
32. 7 261) t6 ravpiKov fir]
(a.D. (of Euergetes I), or the Egyptian
KaTapyTJTai. For the generally inscription in A?rhiv 11, p. 434
stronger sense 'abolish,' 'bring to N<^WJ'l...TWt (JUTTJpl Kal €{iepy£T7)l
naught' in the N.T. cf. 2 Thess. (see above on 1. 13) rijs oteovniv-qs,
ii 8 a passage which offers a
(note). striking
XeipoTexvov"] From P. Oxy. 39. 8 parallel and contrast to Jo. iv 42,
we learn that Tryphon was a weaver 1
Jo. iv 14: see further Moulton,
(ytpdios). Exp. vi viii, p. 438, and Wend-
18. currjpa.] The
use of this title land's valuable study in Z.N.T. W.
in a complimentary sense may be V (1904). P- 335 ff.
illustrated by its constant applica-
19. ei's Xbyov 5iarpc<prjs] Cf. nexion with time is no Hebraism '
(piXraTcot %aip€t,v.
On the verso
lie /cvaei.
friend Sotas says that he has need, so that he may bring them
down for me to Alexandria. For if you do otherwise, and give
him stale stuff, which will not pass muster in Alexandria, under-
stand that you will have to settle with me with regard to the
expenses. Greet all your family. Farewell.
(Addressed) To Pecysis.
5. idv] On the vernacular use 33, xiii 48: cf. P. Fay. 119. 4
of idv for dv, of which examples still (c. A.D. 100) x^P T0V ---^ ff fM V'' ffo-vpiv
survive in the best MSS. of the N.T.
'
a stale bundle of hay.'
(WM. p. 390), see Moulton Proleg. 13. x^P ^"] For this use of
pp. 42 f., 234, and cf. Thackeray x u P^ u c f- Polyb. xxviii. 15. 13 rd.
Gramm. I
p. 65 for the signifi-
ff.
irpdyfj.ci.Ta. x wP e Kara
'
\6yov.
cance of fix Av (5s idv) in the LXX. 15. i^ovra. kt\.] Cf. Ac. xix. 38
11. cairpdv) 'stale,' 'worthless,' Zxow^ "7>ta tivo. \6yov, also Heb.
opposed to ko.\6v as here in Mt. xii ii 13.
CO LETTER OF REMONSTRANCE TO A DILATORY SON
i/A.D.
'E/3yUOtf/3aT7;[<? XtUOa]
vi&i [%aipetv].
ru>
[cr]e evxo[fxai ]
[&]eo/x€ ae e[ ] 5
re dvTeypaylras ovre IO
[K\if\pov.
f
O fcoivoivb? f}-
(Awv ov avvrfpydaa- 15
to, a\X ovBe (jltjv
to
vSpevfia avetyrjGvii,
aXkw; re ical 6 vSpa-
goods.'
17
53° (i/A.D.). 24. diaypd(pu)] 'pay,' as frequently
18. udpaywybs] the channel by in the ostraca, see Wilcken Gr. Oslr.
which the Nile overflow was con- I, p. 89 ff., where, following Peyron
ducted to the fields. So essential was (P. Tor. I, p. 144 ff.), reference is
this inundation (flpoxv) that in leases also made to Esth. iii 9 Kayu
special provision was usually made biaypaxpu eis to ya'SoQvXdiaov rod
for any years in which it might not /3ao-i\^ws dpyvpiov rdXavra /xvpia,
take place (cf. P. Oxy. 280. 5, note). 2 Mace, iv 9 7rpds Si toOt^is
20. cin/xov] Cf. P. Tebt. 342. 27 i)Tn.<rx v *?TO K <d %Tepa (sc. TaXavra)
v x oos * a ' Staypdfatv kt\.
(late ii/A. D.) elt iKona.<pr l
62 LETTER OF REMONSTRANCE TO A DILATORY SON
ypdtpco ra Brj/xoaia 25
firjSev avvKOfii^ofie-
vo<;. yu.0A.t9 yap fiiav 7773a-
eiri fir)
dvreypa^a<? ai- 35
ttj. 'AX,Xa>9 re kcu tnrai-
TlTai V7T0 T(2v TTpaKTO-
26. <yvvKO(ii$(>neyoi\ Cf. P. Flor. this late sense of the verb, as several
58. 5 (iii/A.D.) tovs <}>6povs o-vvko/ju- times in the LXX
(e.g. Exod. xxiv
fyixivq. The use of the verb in Job ir, Ezek. xxxvii 11), cf. P, Petr. 11
v 26 wWep Oifiuvia a\uvos ko.6' 13 (3), where the fall of a wall is
27. filav 7rpao-e(= t)dv] one of the (a.D. 183) £k rlvos aTraire'iTai rb
plots or beds of which the KTrj/xa was irpoKei/ievov dirbraKrov, where the
made up: cf. Sir. xxiv 31 nedi/va fiov Editors state that a. 'may imply
rty irpacnav, and the striking use of that the payment was in arrear or
the figure in Mk vi 40 dviveaav have a quite general meaning.'
npaffial npaaiat
— the different '
com- 37. irpaKTSpuv] the general term
panies' presented the appearance of for collectors of revenue in imperial
so many garden beds dotted over the times. In Lk. xii 58 it denotes
green grass. rather a lower 'officer of the court' :
31. Bicupwn rivai] 'perish.' For see Deissmann BS. p. 154.
LETTER OF REMONSTRANCE TO A DILATORY SON 63
On the verso
'AJVoSjo-
gatherers to you (?) : but now also send to her. I pray that you
may be well. Pauni 9.
(Addressed)
Deliver from Hermocrates to Chaeras his son.
A/SuyU.09 'A7ToA.X&)ytft)t
T&H TlfllCOTUTCOL
Xaipeiv.
6wv crvvevw^Or^t] 10
rjfielv. Tovt[o] ovv iroir]-
'XjapiTav Kar[a]T6d€tf.i[e]vo(<;).
"'
Acnracrai, tou9 govs Trdvras,
"Eippcoao. 15
C'Etoi/?) rpirov Avro/cpdropo?
Kataapo? Aofxiriavov
XeftaaTOv TepfxaviKov JJa^cov) ie\
On the verso
'
4. awe\dwv~\ The word is used 2 Pet. ii 13. For the simple verb
several times in the same sense of see O.G.I.S. 383. 157 (i/B.C.) <x<jvko-
'
'
The diminutive occurs several times Jude 4. Both forms occur in the
in P. Goodsp. 30 (a. d. 191-2) a roll same document, B.G.U. 48 (u/a.d.):
of accounts from Karanis. see further Cronert Mem. Gr. Here.
10. ffvvevuxv^V 1 ) Cf. Jude 12, p. 170 note 6.
No. 24 GEMELLUS TO EPAGAT1IUS 65
shaky and
'
m. 5
66 GEMELLUS TO EPAGATHUS No. H
Aov/ci[o<i Be\\\i]vo<; Te/jLeWo?
5-2
68 GEMELLUS TO EPAG A THUS No. 25
On the verso
'Rirayaddyi t]g3i ISCeoi
Nea/3^o? a[
TToWfOV rov Kd[
koX ftexpc rov jrXeiv ۥ[
/xtjv,
kui apctfievos avcnr\o\yv 7r]ap[a-]
On the verso
'H\coB(opa>.
4- X e [']P97t°'] ,
7[ TOl s ]]
' The word where the fountains of the Nile are
is applied' to material temples and similarly placed at Elephantine-
their furniture in Ac. vii 48, xvii 24, Syene, and also the Syene inscr.
Heb. ix 11, 24: in the it LXX O.G.I.S. 168. 9 (11/B.C.) iv ofs * rm,
occurs fifteen times, always with
® dXov "Vyh 6vofuifap4[vvl where
reference to idols tne addition of dvop.at;op.£lvrj] shows,
For the Hel- as Dittenberger has pointed out,
5. Urropfawi]
lenistic sense 'visit,' 'see,' as in
that the 'reputed origin was no
Letronne Recueil des lon g er believed in.
Gal. i 18, cf.
io eii<<T>T0fia] In justification
inscriptions grecques 201 8* tou t> -
the introd t0 No 2 5-
, ,
7. 69ev ktX.]
No. 27 COPY OF A PUBLIC NOTICE 71
The copy
of a public notice which the parents of a prodigal
G>t ical
[•]"" UpaKXeiSrji cnpaTrj<yon E/3/Ao[7r(o\tToi;)].
/LteT[-]
•
rov avvovTos av8pb$ K.aWi<rTpdrov 5
Ammonius, elder, the son of Ermaeus, and his former wife A...,
the daughter of Areius, along with her present husband Callis-
tratus, the son of A..., inhabitants of Hermopolis. Since our son
Castor along with others by riotous living has squandered all his
Al<yvTTT[ov \eyei]'
Kar ol[/ciav envoypa^y)*; <rt/]ye<rT&)[<X7/<?]
T7]<i 20
avay/caiov [iarcv iracrtv Tot]? icaG" r]\yriva\
rwv eavrcov]
SijiroTe alr[Lav itccrTacn,
vo/awv 7rpo(ra[<yyeWe]adcu €7ra[i>e\-]
carry out the regular order of the census, and may also attend
diligently to the cultivation of their allotments.
<Pi(ia>vos \axavo7rco\r}?
airb KGOfMi? Ba/c%taSo9
to irapov fir) 'iypvaa kv- 5
11. rod Kai] Cf. Ac. xiii 9, and 13. iirekdovaa £vTT)volida( = lav)']
see Deissmann BS. p. 313 ff. For iwe\0ov(Ta cf. Lk. xi 22 (iirekOwv
irpecrfivripov] a communal office, VLKriar) avrbv), and for the late use
the menso designated being gener- of iv the note on P. Oxy. 294. 4
ally responsible for the peace and (
= No. 13).
order of the village. Their number 14.&\oyov kt\.] Cf. P. Brit.
varied, and as they do not seem to Mus. 342. 6 ( = 11, p. 174) (ii/A.D.)
have been entitled to a sum of more aXoyov arjdiav uvveuT-qaavro, and P.
than from 400 — 800 drachmas in Tebt. 304. 9 (ii/A.D.) g.t)t{ = S)tav
'
virtue of their office, their position ffv<v> rj^av they picked a quarrel
'
cannot have been one of great (Edd.), and see further the note on
importance cf. Milne Hist. p. 7,
: P. Brit. Mus. 42. 14 (= No. 4).
and see further B.G.U. 16. 6 18. AireviyKaTo] Cf. Mk xv 1.
(
= No. 33).
76 PETITION REGARDING A ROBBERY No. 29
being at the time away from home. I beg therefore that you will
cause the accused to be brought before you for fitting punishment.
May good fortune attend you.
Tarmuthis about 30 years old, a mark on the right foot.
The 17th year of the Emperor Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus
Germanicus Dacicus. Pharmouthi 6.
neighbours by any convenient marks frequent in this legal sense, e.g. Mt.
(e.g. P. Oxy. 73. 29 (a.D. 94)). In x 18, Ac. xviii 12 (ijyayoi> atirov ewl
medical language it is used of a to /3?}/ui).
disease 'without distinctive symp- 37. tir^oSov] 'punishment,' as
toms' (e.g. Hipp. Epid. 1 938), and in Philo 11, p. 314 M.
is found in a metaphorical sense 43. $ap/j.oudi s~'] = April 1.
p. 227 f.
4. fxera Kvpiov kt\.] For Kvptov P. Oxy. 275. 7 (=No. 20); and for
see the notes on B.G.U. 975. 12 awyevom the note on B.G.U. 97:.
(=No. 16) and on B.G.U. 22. 5 13 (
= No. 16).
(
= No. 29); for eaurijj the note on 5. wi irwv] Cf. Lk. viii 42.
78 WILL OF THAESIS No. 30
scar between his eyebrows, declares that she, the declarer, Thaesis,
has agreed that after her death there shall belong to Thenpete-
suchus, the daughter born to her by her late departed husband
Pomsais, and also to Sansneus son of Tephersos, the son of her
other daughter Taorseus, now dead, to the two of them,
(property
as follows): to Thenpetesuchus alone, the house belonging to
Thaesis in the aforesaid village of Tebtunis, as purchased from
Thenpetesuchus daughter of Petesuchus, and the court, and all its
appurtenances, and the furniture which will be left by Thaesis, and
utensils, and household stock, and clothing, and the sums due to
her, and other things of whatsoever kind, while to Sansneus she has
7. tvJj yeyovvelyjs]
= T^ yeyovvel-g. 31.
13. i-irlTr\oa] = ^Trnr\a. Thelonger ivSo/nevtav] The word is common
form is almost universal in the intestamentary dispositions, e.g. P.
Papyri. Oxy. 105. 4, 10, P. Gen. 3. 9, i 4
anei'Tji] Cf. Mk iii
27, Lk. xvii (both w/a.d.).
No. 30 WILL OF THAESIS 79
•Xpe&v i<l>
ov Se yjpbvov rrepieariv f) fMjnjp ©arjats
e^eiv avrr)[v
A[.....]ia[ 5
tart 8e ev airopoi*;.
Tlereaopairi^ UevavTO?
rov TleTeaopcnris /xr]Tp6<i
[ ]
Copy of a register of paupers recorded in the 12th year of
Antoninus Caesar the lord, Mesore 12.
There is among the paupers Petesorapis the son of Penaus, the
son of Petesorapis, his mother being...
The exact object of this and similar Birth Notices (P. Gen. t>2>
and B. G. U. 28, no, in) has not yet been determined. They
were apparently not compulsory, or, as the Editors here point
out, the common formula Kara ra KeXevcrOevra would hardly
have been so consistently omitted. It is also noteworthy that
to any royal or official authority, e.g. 13. ao^/tos] Cf. B.G.U. 22. 32
Diodor. xiv. 47. 2 ttjv imaToXty (=No. 29), note.
No. 33 COMPLAINT AGAINST A PRIEST 83
investigation.
6-2
84 COMPLAINT AGAINST A PRIEST No. 5i
avvTifitjdev,
[real eri, iv 7cap\a<pepvoL$ Ipbarloav o~ov/3po/cop,a<p6pTia
&vo,
ovtcov rj
teal
6. pLva.yaiov]
= iJ.vacuov.
For the pare P. Oxy. 921. 4 (an inventory —
insertion of y Par. 51. 15
cf. P. iii/A.D) crovpiKoir&Xkiov, and B. G. U.
(
= No. 6) tcKdyu, and see Mayser 327. 7 (ii/A.D.) ffovfiipiKoiniWiov.
Gratnm. p. 167 f. 10. iiriJxopTiydTii)] Cf. P. Oxy.
iv etSevi] For eISos=' kind,' 282. 6 ft'. (A.D. 30—35) i]yio p.ev ovv
'class,' in popular Gk cf. P. Tebt. iTrexoptfyytru auTrj ra e'£?}s Kui inrep
'
58. 20 (B.C. in) a7rd iravrbs ei'5oi/s, dvvafxtv I for my part provided for
289. 4 f (a.D. 23) 6iayeyp(afjL/jiivuv) my wife in a mannerthat exceeded
.
([ay]} 01/0-97?
Tft)
i/c8t,86v[T]i, Mr/voScbpov trapa rov yapovvro? koI 4k 1 5
ypa-
<pei<ra 7roo? to e/cdrepov fiepot e^eti/ p.ova^ov, ical
iirepwTT)- 20
[6ev\re^ eavToi? [[aW^Xot?]! (bpLoXoyrjaav. (erovs) 1
<&apev(b0 irj'.
of the separation, and the dowry in sixty days from the day when
the separation takes place, the right of execution belonging to
Menodorus, the giver (of the bride), upon the husband and upon
all that belongs to him. The father of the husband, Heracles, son
of Morus, his mother being Apollonia, of the same village, being
present assents to the marriage, and is surety for the payment of
the aforesaid dowry. The contract is valid, being written in
duplicate in order that each party may have one: and in answer
to the formal question they declared to each other their consent.
The 10th year, Phamenoth 18.
and for its construction with the yrjaav] 'a remarkably early example
dative cf. « Thess. ii is (note). of the use in Egypt of the stipulatory
ivyvarat] Cf. P. Oxy. 259. 7 formula, which only becomes com-
(a.D. 23) 5v {vyeytiripai . . .in [t]>}s mon in the third century' (Edd.).
<S5 NOTICE OF DEATH No- 35
3.
55. NOTICE OF DEATH
P. OXY. 79. A>1)<
181—192.
Discovered Oxyrhynchus, and edited by Grenfell and Hunt
at
in
Oxyrhynchus Papyri 1, p. 142 f.
[<ye<ypa/x/jLeva ]
: see Wilcken
as well as year in which the death Gr. Oslr. I, p. 455.
took place, unlike the notices of 14. cus KadrjKei.] Cf. 1
Regn. 2.
birth (cf. P. Fay. 28 =No. 32) in 16, Ac. xxii 22.
which only the year is mentioned. bfxviiu kt\.] Cf. P. Par. 47. 2
In neither case is the exact day ever (
= No. 7).
specified. 17. irpo[yeypafiix(va\] Cf. Eph.
11. fiiffkelbiov] a diminutive of iii 3 Kadios irpotypaxf/a ei> 6\lyif),
/3i(3\loy, which
in itself seems to where the temporal force of the
have no diminutive sense attached preposition is again almost wanting,
to it: cf. also pvfiX&piov (P. Lille For a more technical usage of the
7. 7, iii/n.c). verb see P. Flor. 99. 11 ( = No. 27).
rayrjvai ainbv ktX.] In the 3rd
90 A SOLDIER TO HIS FATHER No. 36
Fayum.
In the original 11.
25, 26 are inserted in the margin.
and fare well with my sister and her daughter and my brother. I
thank the lord Serapis that when I was in danger at sea he
brother and sister, thirdly that I may kiss your hand, because
you have brought me up well, and on thisaccount I hope to be
quickly promoted, if the gods will. Give many greetings to
Capito, and to my brother and sister, and to Serenilla, and my
' ' '
8. fowae. ev9. ktX.] Deissmann sense of health,' well-being : cf.
On the verso
'
J ulianus... pay master from Apion, so that (he may forward it) to
21. [e'i\K6viv~\
= eUoviov. This name. In a subsequent letter from
happy reading for the Editors' the same soldier to his sister
original [66]6vi.v (
= 6d6viov)
is due (B.G.U. 632), he describes himself
to Wilcken: see Deissmann ad I. simply as Antonius Maximus, and
In B.G.U. 1059. 7 (i/B.c.) eU6i>ei is makes mention of his wife Aufidia
the name given to the personal and his son Maximus.
descriptions which accompany an 29. a-rrddos] Cf. Mt. xviii 28
IOU, receipt, &c. see Moulton
: airodos ef ti 6(pei\eis.
Proleg. p. 235. 30. XifiXaply] 1.
XijSeXXapko, with
22. ovofxa kt\.] When foreigners reference apparently to the secretary
entered the Roman army, it was or paymaster of the cohort.
customary for them to receive a new
No. 37 LETTER OF A PRODIGAL SON 9$
A son writes to tell his mother of the pitiful state into which
he has fallen. He is ashamed to come home, but he does not
forget her in his prayers, and if he had only
dared to hope that
she would actually seek him in the metropolis, he would have
met her there. As it is, he begs her forgiveness, and at the
same time inveighs against a certain acquaintance, Postumus,
who had met her on her way home from Arsinoe, and retailed
the whole sad story. The letter is very illiterate, and though
unfortunately the concluding lines are much mutilated, like the
rest they testify to the depth of the writer's emotion.
direct each day to the lord Serapis. I wish you to know that
TToK.iv. x\.
(
*]P €lv T°v ro ov^ e 7° elarjda et'9 tjjv tto-
account neither did I enter into the city. But I was ashamed to
come Karanis, because I am going about in rags. I write
to
'
look askance at him (Edd.). chastisement,' cf. e.g. Ps. vi 2, 1
9. aairpQs] The adj. is simi- Cor. xi 32, 2 Cor. vi 9.
larly used of what is 'decayed,' 12. KaO' bv di rpoirov] k<i0' bv bi)
'crumbling' in Dittenberger Syll. rpbirov, cf. Kad' tivriva ovv rpbtrov,
587. 24 (B.C. 328) fXt<rduiT€t rod 2 Mace, xiv 3, 3 Mace, vii 7
diareix^/JLaros &ve\6vei to. aawpa, koX (Deissmann). Wilcken reads 5i = 8eT,
tuv irvpyuv kt\. For the metaph.
'punished as I ought.'
sense, cf. Eph. iv
X670J 29 was Tjp.dpTi]Ka'] Cf. Lk. xv 18, 21
<r<nrpbs rod (TTb/naTOS v/jlwv pvr)
iK
irdrep, rnxapTov....
and see the note on
(Kvopeviadw, 15. 6i\u] For 6{Kw followed by
P. Brit. Mus. 356. II (=No. 21).
17 (<et Pap.) cf. 1 Cor. xiv 19.
No. 38 LETTER OF A PRODIGAL SON 95
] x avK \.'
'
*]
oy vy° vaa >
on"
]X,?;crat[--] Trapatcakw crai
]
— aXXft)? tto([-]
cret?--] 25
The papyrus is broken off here.
On the verso
''
[ ~\fiT)rpel
aii A.VTOivl(o Aovyou vetov.
16. oirws] here used like irws 26. velov] This form is found
= u)s = Srt,seeBlass(7;-a;«w. p. 23of. also in Lycaonian inscriptions.
consolation could be is
clearly shown by such a passage as
1 Thess. iv. 14 — 18, which the letter before us so strikingly
recalls (1. 11). Deissmann {op. cit. p. 88) refers to the letter
as a good example of popular narration.
everything that was fitting I did and all who were with me,
1
1. epurq.] 'Epur&w —peto is so KKlvt)— convivial party.'
a.
house,
roL
?
naTP 6s ^
may be completely dismissed: cf. 4 . &7ro £ pa , gn The same hour
1Thess. iv 1 (note), and see Deiss- 0xy.
is fixed in P> no, in, and P.
mann BS. pp. 195, 290 would correspond
.
Fay I32
. it
1. K\d( = l)vr, v ] Sophocles Lex. generally to our 3 o'clock in the
s.v. ares Philo II, pp. 537 M. for afternoon.
M. 7
9§ EXTRACTS FROM A DIPLOMA OF CLUB MEMBERSHIP
p. 114 ft".
fievos
to [£', avr]o/cpdT(op to tfi ', 7ra,Tr)p iraTpiho<i y avv6h[(p\
IO
%vo-tikt}
[TrepcrroXiaTiK^i} yaipeiv
Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Sarmaticus.
Tiberius
the very great high-priest, in the 6th year of his tribunician power,
for the
consul-designate for the 4th time, (proclaimed) Emperor
1 2th time, father of his country, to the Gymnastic Club of Nomads,
greeting.
'H
KX. Kvpos Alwv MckkoXov
lepd %vo~tiki)
• >•••
7repnro\io~Titcr}
y
KvTtoj(ev<i.
'ASpiaprj
eppcoade.
'KvTmnavi]
15
XeTTTifiiavrf
o~vpo8o$ to)v irepl top 'Hpa/cXea kcu top ajcopcop /cal
avTOKp&Topa
Kaicrapa A 1
r
2 67TTc/j.iop ^evrjpop HepTipa/ea
i ^£eftao~Tdp Tot?
airb tj)?
12. tt| Kara. Bper. veiny] in add from the papyri such passages
A.D. 43. as P. Par. 29. 9 f. (ii/B.C.) St' t\v
13. nep^xofTa'] Cf. 2 Mace, xi *X eTe7r /°^ J T0 Oeiov eva^etav, and
iypdyfra-
fxev ovv vp.€tv "va elSrJTe. eppcoade
The ship master Irenaeus, who had been sent with a cargo
of corn to Rome, writes from thence to his brother in the
FayQm announcing his safe arrival. According to our mode
of reckoning, he had reached Ostia on June 30th, finished un-
[Elprjvalo? W.ttoXi-
'
(Rom. i
13 etc.). formula has not yet been discovered
7. tfclKjtvwoa] Cf. the use of the elsewhere, and has led to the idea
verb in Song of Solomon i 3 fivpou that the writer was a Christian,
eKKevudiv ovo/xd crov, and see the note cf. Kadus (6 debs) r)64\r)cret> in 1 Cor.
fia.
On the verso
'
much, and Serenus, and all who love you, by name. Good-bye.
Mesore 9.
(Addressed) To Apolinarius from Irenaeus his brother.
18. kolt ovo/xa] CI. 3 Jo. 15 aairafrv toi)s <pi\ovs /car' Svof a.
p. 137 ff.
(E.Tr. p. 187 ft).
You have not taken me away along with you to the city If !
I. Qiuiv] From the address we use of the verb cf. P. Par. 49. 23 f.
learn that Theonyf/y was also known (ii/B.c. ) did. rb (is rrjv n6\iv /jut OiXeiv
as Qewvas. dovvai aireveyKeiv.
1. airtvrixes] ~ airr/veyKe s, as dire- ecrov] For the form see Moulton,
v^KKeiv $)
= a.TrtveyKuv, and aire-
(1. Prolc». p. 234.
vfKat l.8) = av€vtyKcu. For a similar
I0 3
No. 43 A BOY'S LETTER
ae e-
T eaov 'AXegavSplav, ov pi) ypdfo,
et9
On
the verso
drrbBos %eayvi [d]irb ®ewva,ro<i vla>.
you refuse to take me along
with you to Alexandria, I won't
write you a letter, or speak to you, or wish you health. And
or greet
if you do go to Alexandria, I won't take your hand,
henceforth. If you refuse to take me, that's what's
you again
up !And my mother said to Archelaus, " He upsets me away :
with him
"
But you did a fine thing
!
You sent me gifts, great !
ones, husks They deceived us there, on the 12th, when you sailed.
! !
Send for me then, I beseech you. If you do not send, I won't eat,
won't drink There now! I pray for your health. Tubi 18.
!
(1 Cor. viii 13, Gal. v 16, 1 Thess. 15 apov, dpov, aravpuoov avrov.
iv 15, v 3) this double negative 12. dpd/ua] Apparently a di-
seems always to carry the full em- minutive of &pcu<os, a leguminous
phasis that it possesses here. For plant which grows among lentils,
its general use in the Gk Bible, see The irony underlying its use here
Moulton's careful statement Proleg. may perhaps be brought out by the
p. 187 ff. rendering 'husks': cf. Lk. xv 16
6. &v~\
= 4dv, a dialectic variant Kepdna.
which in the N.T. is confined to ireirXduyjKai' 7]p.Q(
= a)s~\ This me-
the Fourth Gospel (Jo. v 19, xii 32, taphorical use of the verb is com-
xiii 20, xvi 23, xx 23 (fa's)): see mon in the N.T., Mt. xxiv4«/.
further Moulton Pro/eg. p. 43, n. 2. 14, 15. 01) /xt? cpdyu kt\.] Deiss-
8. Xv7r6e] =
Xoi7r6",cf. 1 Cor.ivaa/. mann compares the resolution of the
ro. dvao-rarol] Cf. B.G. U. 1079. Jewish zealots in Ac. xxiii 12 ^t?;re
20 (
= No. 15). <paycii> p.rjTe veiv.
104 LETTER OF AN ANXIOUS MOTHER No. 43
through, cut into smaller pieces, and sold for further use
(cf.
Intr. p. xxiif.).
C
H (M)Tr}\j)' -]eXo^w tc3 vim
yaipziv.
'Oijreia? t% &pa<> aire\-
rovcra 7rpo? Xepcnrioyva
rbv fiarpavov e'feVacre 5
upas.
7-775
6. ffwrrjplas] Cf. B.G.U. 423. 13
5. (Harpavov] Either
= ira.TpG>vov (
= No. 36), note.
No. 43 LETTER OF AN ANXIOUS MOTHER I05
repov vco^eXevofiivov.
Kal al/Jbov \aiyovo~a<; tS
Xepairiwvi, ore avve(p)i;ep-
yp\ik crv, eXeyal fioi' OvSev
7repia6re[p]ov efti
<re. Et Se 01- 1 5
<r(OTrjpla<; [o~]oi/
ghj6 t8&)<? iro-
'
splinter. And I was troubled because you were only able to walk
so slowly. And when I said to Serapion that I would go along
"
with him to (see) you, he said to me, There is nothing so much the
matter with you." But if you yourself know that matters are still not
going well with you, write to me, and I will come down, going
with anyone I may find. Do not then forget, my child, to write
me regarding your health, for you know the anxiety (of a mother)
for a child. Your children greet you. Aurelius... greets his father.
Persuade Dionysius to greet the child.
p. 298.
vi 12, cf. P. Amh. 78. 15 (ii/A.D.) cases the writers were employing no
'
'
when I rhetorical artifice, but simply the
<?> vwdplq. fj.ov 76j/o/x<?koi/
had shown myself sluggish or in- most concise conditional mechanism
different
'
as regards my°rights. known to them.' Cf. also Blass
8. mM ivlyicys]
On the force of Gramm. p. 302.
(i-fj
with the aor. subj. see Moulton
Ne. 45 LETTER OF APION I07
y\yva]licd aov rj
rci iraiSia, ep%o/*e-
her have it. But do not neglect her in any way, and do not trouble
your wife or the children. And when you come, come to Theognis.
I pray for your health.
[Au/>]?7X.(ift))
%ewvi
7rpa)vor](T?)) av\(rjTpiBcov)
[o/)]p£»7<rr/M<M»
<ri»i/
eripa fit a [\]et-
to hire from you T.sais the dancing-girl along with one other to
perform for us in the aforesaid village for ten days from the 13th of
the month Phaophi old style, they receiving by way of hire 36
drachmas daily, and by way of payment for the whole period three
I. frpo}(
= o)vo-ri(Tfj)] For the verb 6, 7- [X]ei[Toi'p]7?5<np] = XaTot/p-
cf. P. Tebt. 40. 12 (
= No. 10). yri<reti>, a happy suggestion (Wilcken)
av\{ijTpido)v)] For the conjunction for the editorial 8t' \opx\-qciv. For
with 6pxn<m, cf. Mt. xi 1 7 r]v\r)crap.€v the verb, cf. P. Par. 26. 2 (
= No. 5).
v/xif k.ovk wpx?7<rao"0e. 10. [Karja apxalovs] i.e. the old
riyovfihov kt\.]
3. For the vil- Egyptian system of reckoning 365
lage council which was composed of days to the year without a leap-year,
the 'elders' see the note on P. Tebt. which, even after the introduction
40. 17 (=No.
10). 'H>. is evidently of the Augustan calendar, continued
here 'president' or 'head,' cf.
its to be used in many non-official
B.G.U. 270. 6 (ii/A.D.) 177. K(b/j.t]s, documents: see the Editors' note
though the title is by no means here and their introd. to P.Oxy. 235.
limited to this signification: see Xa^/x.=\afx^av6vTbiv.
Editors' note on P. Fay. no. 12. dpax/J-as XS~'] In P. Fl or. 74
26. The N.T. usage in Heb. the two pantomimes with their band
xiii. 7 etc. may be illustrated by receive the same money payment
P. Brit. Mus. 281. 2 (
= 11, p. 66)
with a like allowance of food. Ac-
(a.d. 66) where the death of a cording to P. Oxy. 510 an actor
priest is notified 7/701^1'ois U[p4wi>].
received as much as 496 drachmas,
6- [<3p]x ,7 <r77>' a ''] Cf. Mt. xiv. 6 and an Homeric rhapsodist [bjj.7)pi-
wpxv<™ T0 V 6vy&T7]p t. 'Hp^StdSos 448 drachmas, but the period
<rr/;s)
iv rip fiijtp. of the engagement is not specified.
No. 45 HIRE OF DANCING GIRLS 109
y teal
[Trvpojv apTafias -^royfiicov
1 5
£e[v]yr) VTrcp KaTa/3do~eco<;
te',
P. Brit. Mus. 331 (=11, p. 154). use of this word, as in Philem. 18,
17. dpa^Qvos] For the spelling, add such a further ex. from the
see Moulton Proleg. p. 45, Thack- papyri as P. Strass. 32. 9 f (iii/A.D.)
.
eray Gramm. 1, p. 119, and for the 56tu \6yov, ri aury 6<pei\[e]Tai...Xva.
meaning, P. Par. 58. 14 (ii/B.c.)
cf. oifrwsairry ifXoyqdy, and for its
where a woman who is
selling a more metaphorical sense, as in Rom.
cow receives 1000 drachmas as v 13, cf. the interesting rescript in
&paj3uva. The vernacular usage (see which the Emperor Hadrian an-
Lex. Notes, Exp. vn vi, p. 280) amply nounces certain privileges to his
confirms the N.T. sense of ' an soldiers: B.G.U. 140.31 f. ovx
'
earnest, or a part given in advance HveKa. rod doxeiv fie avToh 4v\oye7y,
'
of what will be bestowed fully after- not however that I may seem
wards, in 1 Cor. i 11, V5, Eph. i 14. thereby to be commending myself
18. [rp r]t/tg AX07.] The Edd. to them.'
read originally [tow] /x^i i\\oy., as
I IO HIRE OF DANCING GIRLS No. 46
pl wv 0i\i<; Kkt]Boviar-
eirlypfjcvtyov)
ev eicdara> rwv
cpvWwv ra T(ov decov
corresponding use of the vowels 16. £rrlyp[a\pov) iv~\ Cf. Ac. xvii 23
cf. P. Brit. Mus. 121. 705 ff. (=1, /5w/xdi> ev y iireytypanro ArNQSTQ
p. 107), partly to be explained ly GEO.
'
the tact that they form an amplifi- 19, 20. tpe (
— alpe) Kara. 860
caiion ot the name taw or taeu Suo] For the mixed distributives,
which represented the Hebrew name cf. Lk. x 1 ava S60 8vo BK, and for
evidence that we need no longer
'
01 the Deity (Kenyon).
10. ItnKaXov] With the frequent find a 'Hebraism' in 860 860 and
occurrence of this word in magical similar combinations, see Moulton
lormulae (e.g. 1. 350 01 the Brit. Prolcg. p. 97, Thackeray Gramitt.
Mus. papyrus cited above) cf. I, p. 54.
such passages from the Gk Bible as
112 MAGICAL FORMULA No. 47
8vo, to 8e vTro\i,'Tr6\jA\e- 20
vov scryarov avdyveo-
Tt K€ evprjcns <rov ttjv kXij-
hova ez> oh fxeretTTeiv
Ken xpij/xadiaOtfcrT) rrj-
\avy c3?. 25
them up two by two, and read that which is left at the last, and you
will find in what things your omen consists, and you will receive a
clear answer.
Par. 46. 2 ff. (B.C. 153) to. Trapa tQiv ^Keirtv TrfKavyQs airavra. The cor-
6eu» /card \6yov 001 x/njMartfercu, responding adj. and substantives are
'and for a similar use of the pass, in
fou nd in the LXX, e.g. Pss. xviu. 8,
the N.T., see Mt. ii 12, aa, Lk. ii
xv »- ", Lev - *"»• 2 3-
A
notable spell for driving out demons. Invocation to be
uttered over the head (of the possessed one). Place before him
branches of olive, and standing behind him say: Hail, spirit of
Abraham ; hail, spirit of Isaac ; hail, spirit of Jacob ; Jesus the
Christ, the holy one, the spirit... drive forth the devil from this man,
until this unclean demon of Satan shall flee before thee. 1 adjure
1227. irpd^a] Cf. Ac. xix 18, 1233. 'Itjo-oOs kt\.] Another ex-
where the word similarly used of
is orcism in the same papyrus begins
magical spells, and the apocryphal 1.
3019 f., 6p/dfw ce Kara tou 6(eo)v
Gospel of Nicodemus i, where the tQi> 'E(3palwv 'Irjoov, where, as Deiss-
Jews bring the charge against Jesus mann (LO. 2 p. 193 n. 14) points
that daifiovifa/xfrovs idepairevoev iv out, the name Jesus can only have
awb Ka.Kwv wpd^ecav.
oa.pii6.Tii)
been inserted by a heathen neither :
v 45 to the effect that these names 63, Ac. xix 13, and tvopdfa 1 Thess.
had to be left untranslated in the v 27 (note).
adjurations if the power of the in- 1240, 1. Kara tovtov tov Oeov]
cantation was not to be lost. Cf. P. Petr. iii p. 20 (=P. Par. 65,
M. «*
114 MAGICAL INCANTATION No. 48
'
fiapfiaOiovd aa/3ap/3ap(3a0i(ovr)O
cra{3ap/3ap/3a(pa'i,' el-eXde, Saifiov,
OCTtf TTOT OVV el, KCU aTTO<JT1]B i (ITTO TOV B{e)l(va)
cipri apri 770*77. e%e\6e Sacfiov, I2 45
iirei <re Sea/xevo) cW/iot9 ahafiavTivoi*;
uXvtois, fcal 7rapa8l8cofu <re et? to p.k-
\av %ao9 iv rats U7r&)\uu9.
38 ff.) 6]pKovs irap vfiwv \af5elv /j.t] implied in dpri see 1 Thess. iii 6
fi6vov iwi T<i[V] deGiv dWa
Kal Kara (note).
twv fiaaiXtuv ypairrous, to exact
'
1247.wapaSlbufit] Cf. P.
Brit.
oaths from you not only by the gods, Mus. 46. 334 ff. (iv/A.D.) vfKvdal/xwv
but also by the kings in the forms ...Trapa8idwfj.L <rot rbv d(uva) ottws
specially written.' (Edd.) kt\., and see the similar formula in
1243. #te\0e] Cf. Mk i
25, v 8, 1 Cor. v 5
irapaSovvai rbv tolovtov
ix 25. T(ji'Zaravg. eh 6\tdpov tt}s oapubs.
1245. dprt kt\.] a common 1248. x<*os. Ihe word is found
magical formula, cf. e.g. P. Brit. twice in the LXX, Mic. i 6, Zech.
=
Mus. mi. 373 ( 1, p. 96) (iii/A.D.) xiv 4.
iv [r]rj dpri (lipa i}5y jj5r] raxv tclxv, d7rw\/( = et)cus] Cf. a Thess. ii
3,
and for the strictly present time (note).
S^2
Il6 CERTIFICATE OF PAGAN SACRIFICE No. 48
to, irpo(TT€[T]aTa[<y]fji[e- IO
va edvcra [ica]l e<r[7retcra]
virocrr)fii(t)Gaadai.
A^efTU%etTa<. IS
Avpt]X(t,o<;) [Ai]oyivr}<i €7n8[e(oWa)].
pp. 37 f., 201 ff.), and Wessely, Monuments dn Christianisme, p. 125 ff.,
where the literature to which the letter has given rise is fully detailed.
particulars.
and all the brethren who are with you in God. I would have
you know, brother, that the grave-diggers have brought here into
the interior Politike, who was sent into the Oasis by the Govern-
ment. And her I have handed over to the good and true men
among the grave-diggers themselves that they may take care of
her, until her son Nilus arrives. And when he arrives by the help
of God, he will bear you witness of what they have done to her.
On the verso
Do you also on your part tell me what you wish done here— I will
do it gladly. I pray for your health in the Lord God.
18. d[-fi]\w[cr]ov kt\.] a common e.g. P. Fay. 112. 14 (c. A.n. 100).
epistolary phrase in the papyri,
exceedingly that you went off so cruelly, without taking the body
of your brother, but that having collected all that he had you then
went off. From this I learned that it was not on account of the
dead man you came here, but on account of his goods. See to it
(bpovricraTe
ovi> ra avakwdevTa eroi-
fidaai. ecrri 8e ra dva\d)fiara
Ti/J,(r))
o'lvov rfj 7rpa>rr)
therefore that you furnish the sums expended. The expenses are
—
the price of medicine 60 old drachmas, the price of wine on the
first day, two choi 32 old drachmas, for outlay in delicacies and
vofiiafidTos hpa-^fxal
TrevTaicQGiai eiKOcri,
At right angles along the left edge of the papyrus are three
much mutilated lines.
On the verso
"ZaplqTTLCOvi Ka\ . .
<£>i/3[<i)vo<;
due perhaps to the fact that Greek was not the writer's native
tongue (cf.
1. 8 note), but it is written with evident sincerity of
v
Tft) heairoTrj fio zeal dyaTTTjTQi
o~e
'YLppwcrdal evyp-
p:ai iro\Xol<i %po-
v
vois, Kvpie p,o 15
dSe\(pi.
3
•[••; m
fj[y eSec ypa]<pfju[a]t 7r[po9 ttju] 5
arjv XplrjcrTOT^rjTav, tcvpie fiou
dyaTrtri. 'Kiarevo^ev yap
sponding verb in a religious sense, 12, 13. iv yap iroWrj Xa\i£ ktX.]
as in Phil, iii 20, cf. P. Par. 63, a loose citation from Prov. x 19.
col. viii 13 f.
(ii/B.C.) rrpds oOs {sc. 14. 15. rrapaKa\Q...Xva] Ci.
Oeovs) 6<t/ws Kai 8tK...diKalws [VoXi]- I Thess. iv 1
(note).
Tevad/xevos. 15. 16. /xvT)/j.oi'[e]vr)$ /J.oi] The
9. eyWev] I. exeidev, the word more regular gen. construction is
411. 1 f. (=11, p. 281) (c. A.D. 346). ad I. ' Did Justinus derive it from
1 r. tea ovv kt\.] Cf. 2 Jo. 12, his Bible?' (Deissmann).
19. tov ap.apTov\ov] 1. tO)v ap.ap-
H. misspelt
0\i)pap7jcra>] for tu\Qv. For the religious use of d.
4>\vapr}0-0) cf. 3 Jo. 10 \670tj ttovt]-
: even in 'profane' Gk cf. O.GI.S.
pois <p\vap£>v r//uas, and for the corre- 55. 31 f. (iii/B.C.) afiaprw\ol Zarwaav
sponding adj. see 4 Mace, v 10 ovk [6eu>]v irdvTwv, and see Deissmann
i£virvwo~eis airb ttjs (pXvdpov <pihoo~o<f>- L0. 2 p. 80 f.
No. 53 AN EARLY CHRISTIAN LETTER 127
Xw Kara^icocrov he^eaOat 20
to fiiicpbv iXiov Sid rod
dSeX-
<f>ov rjfjbwv M.ayapiov. iroXXa
be pleased to accept the little gift of oil at the hands of our brother
[ft>5
ev aX]\oi<; Tr\el<noi<; vvv ert fxaXkov 17 77-po? ere
[roil Secr7ro]TOU
Oeov yvwo-is dve(pdvr] airaaiv rjfiiv
etc rij<; KaraXaftovaiis 5
\Jocrre rrjv] nvpiav avaa$rj\ai
vi 7, cf. P. Oxy.
494. 6 (a.d. 156) deous iv AXe^avopela 4irip.iveiv, and
where a testator sets free certain its solitary occurrence in the N.T.,
slaves KO.T etivoiav /ecu (pCKotnopyiav 1 Cor. xv 31. In P. Oxy. 33. iv
{cf. Rom. io), 'for their good-
xii 13 ff. (late ii/A.D.) vt\ tt)v ot)v t6xv
'
will and affection towards him. oOre /j.aiyof.iai oSre dirovtvornxai. (cf.
13. OXlfu] Cf. i Thess.i 6 (note). Ac. xxvi 25), the particle is used
14. oiiK wi> KrX.l Cf. Lk. xv 17. with negatives in place of the
19. evdvubrepov] Cf 1 Mace, xi obsolete /xi.
M,
130 LETTER TO FLA VIANUS No. S3
BeairoTT] evxpp,ai, 30
Qappovdt, r'.
On the verso
<$>\a(3iav(t)i
Pharmouthi 6.
33. £/3apeiTO rrj vbo~i)i\ Cf. P. 14, 2 Mace, xiii 9, the only two
Tebt. 327. D.) y]wr]
14. ff. (late ii/A. passages in the LXX where f3apew
o5<x<x d^orjdriTos 7rp[XXo]i? treat /3e- is found (elsewhere flapvvui).
paprtfi^vT], and from the N.T. ix Lk 25. dveKTdrepov] Cf.Mt.x 15, &c.
32 vwvqi.
fiePa.pijfj.4voiThe metaph. dvaKadeadelaa] This word, com-
usage, as in 2 Cor. i 8, v 4, may be mon in medical writings, is twice
illustrated from P. Oxy. 525. 3 f. used by the physician Luke, Lk. vii
(early ii/A.D.) where, with reference 15, Ac. ix 40.
to a voyage he has undertaken, the 26. ao}/j.arioi>'] Cf. 1. 31. The
writer complains, ^apovixai Si avrbv word is frequently used by Marcus
leal Xetav t<J5 Trpdy/xari. Kara^o/uat, Aurelius (i 17, iv 39, 50 &c).
'
am burdened on account of it,
I 28. dcp^iv] 'arrival.' Cf. 3 Mace,
and I am extremely worn out with vii 18, and contrast Ac. xx
29 (with
the matter' (Edd.): cf. Exod. vii
Knowling's note).
No. 54 A CHRISTIAN PRAYER 1
31
the temples.
O
God, the all ruling, the holy, the true One, merciful and
Father of our Lord and Saviour Jesus
creative, the Christ, reveal
to me Thy truth, whether Thou wishest me to go to Chiout, or
whether I shall find thee aiding me and gracious. So let it be ;
Amen.
in Rev. (i 8, &c). For a pagan and of fair play' (ouveKa rov Oeou ital
instance of this same attribute rod /caXuis £x o " TOS ) that he has said
Cumont (Les Religions Orientaks, nothing cLtottov, oirep koX ahr)6iv6v
p. 267) quotes a dedicatory in- iari, and the other exx. in Lex.
scription from Delos, Ad xy irdvrwv Nates, Exp. VIII, v, p. 178.
KparovvTi KaiMr,Tpi neydXriiTTJiirdv- 7. q0] 'the common symbol for
tup Kparovari {B.C.H. 1802, p. 502, a/xriv, 99 being the sum of the
No. 25). numerical equivalents of the letters'
2. a.X-qdivos'] For an early in- (Edd.).
9—2
132 A CHRISTIAN AMULET No. 5;
which here takes the place of the meaningless words in the old
magical charms (cf. the similar occurrence of the Prayer on
an ostracon from Megara, as interpreted by R. Knopf in
Z.N.T. W. 11 (1901), p. 228 ff.).
O lord God all ruling, the Father of our Lord and Saviour
Jesus Christ, and thou, O holy Serenus. I Silvanus, the son of
t[ ]'°"[ ]
o <jSd>9 e/c
<£coto9, 0(eo)? d\r]0t,v6<; yaptaov
e/xe rbv SovXov gov to (poos. "Ayie "Eepnyve,
irpoaireae virep efiov, iva Te\ei<o<; vyiavoo. 30
us our debts, even as we also forgive our debtors. And lead us not
into temptation, O
Lord, but deliver us from evil. For Thine is
the glory for ever....O Light of light, true God, graciously give Thy
servant light. O holy Serenus, supplicate on my behalf, that I may
be in perfect health.
24. t. iro\y ]i<)p[ /as]] a passage 198, 222. A striking use of the
which some may be tempted to verb is found in P. Flor. 61. 59 fif.
quote in support of the A.V. (a.d. 85) where the Prefect, after
rendering of Mt. vi 13. pronouncing with reference to a
28. 6 0ws ktX.] as in the Nicene certain —
Phibion a£tos lA^V V"
Creed. For this use of £k, as in /bLaariyudrji'ai (Jo. xix 1), adds
Phil, iii 5, cf. also the description Xapi^ofiai 84 ere rots 6'xXois (Mk
of Ptolemy Epiphanes, O.G.I.S. 90. xv 15): see Vitelli ad I. and cf.
—
10 (Rosetta stone ii/B.C.) virapx^" Deissmann LO. 2 p. 200 f.
debs iK 6eov Kal 0eas, and see 30. re\elm i>yiai>u>~] Cf. Pet. 1
alpw 29.28, 42. 10, 46. 19, 50-9 dvrlypa<pov 11. 1, 27. I, 33. I, 46. 2
aicxvv) 1. 6, 7. 25 dvTi.ypd<t>(<j 22. 10
alrloifjLa 24. 8 avrfStKos 18. 8
aWi'tos 45. 27 dvrlXrpf/is 5. 39
dicdBapros 47. 1238 avTi<pu)i>T]o-is 13. 29
dKaipui 37. 14 a£i6to 6. 37 (note), 6. 22, 18. i. 21
aKoiXovOiu) 15. 10, 26 d^LoifjLa 11. 4
aKoXoi>0u>s 11. 2, 19. 13 airoLiTita 22. 36, 63. 17
Slkwv 53. 12 07raXXa7i7 34. 11, 13
d\r)6t.v6s 54. 2, 55. 28 aTravrdw 4. 3
aXievs 13. 6 dVaf, t6 51. 8, 12
dXf<TKo/iat 1. 6 diraprdw 33. 13 (note)
dXXos 6. 31 a7reXet/0e/>os 17. 8, 21
QX070S 29. 14 dtrevraKTiu 10. 22
0X670)5 50. 9 aV^x'"' 16. 20
AXutos 47. 1247 d7rjjXiuir7;{ 6. 3
dfiaprdvu 37. 12 dV6 19. 2,
20. 5, 39. 4, for jx 11. 3
apaprla, -wX6? 52. 14, 19 airoyakaKTlfa 18. i. 22
138 INDEX I
SiaXijui 6.
fiapiw 63. 23 9
fiopiws 4. 29 d\a<xac/>^u> 4. 8
(Sao-Kavla 56. 9 (note) 5(a<rrAXw 6. 23
/3>),ua
18. i. 3 Sicur uij'a) 63. 8
GREEK WORDS 1 39
8iare\4u) 4.4, 48,8 £\ev9epos 1. 3
<?<T0?7S 33. 12
fffoC 42. 2, 4 law 46. 6 (note), 47. 1235
Hrepos 5. 32 tdtos 8. 9, 18. ii. 1, 24. 2, t. \6yos
eua.y7eXiK6s 55. 14 33.8
evSoictu 11. 17, 34. 18 ISiwtikos 30. 1 8
euepyirrji 19. 13, 18 (note) tepe?o^ 48. 12
etdiw; 36. 8 lepevs 33.6
etidv/xos 53. 19 iepos 46. 2
ei}0tfs 12. 7 'Irjixovs 47. 1233
evXdjSeta 5. 2 4 i*cav6s 22. 38, U. Sovvai 13. 23
etfXirros 15. 12 ifXetos yiveadat 6. 24, 53. 7
54. 7
e vfievrjs Ifiarifa 20. 14
eSjxoipos 38. 4 lp.aricrfj.6s 30. 13
eCvovs 53. 1 1 (?) "Iffts 46. 1
VlTplK-f) 10. 5
\a.pupii>8os 11. 14 v6p.1ap.0L 50. 8
v. 15 6. 20 xxvi. 3 11. 8
26 53. 19 xxviii. 1 6. 2
xiii. 53. 23
9
xiv. 3 37. 12 ST MARK
22 8. i. 25 47. 1243
9
38 6.5
3 MACCABEES iii. 5 19. 12
24.5 11 5. 14
iii. 25
v. 11- 6 27 .-.•• 30. 13
24
vii. 5 33. 8 iv. 20 41. 10
7
37. 12 v. 8 47. 1243
1. 6 35 44. 11
9
18 53. 28 vi. 3 18. ii.
3
25 44. 2
4 MACCABEES 40 22. 27
24 16. 20 20 42. 6
28 27. 10 26 11. 14
32 63. 23 ACTS
x. 1 46. 19 i. 10 33. 12
34 12.6,24.6 12 24.21
40 4.31 14 10.8
xi. 55. 15 18 24. 16
4
22 29.13 ii- 10 6.4
xii. 5 7.8 25 5.22,27-9
58 22.37 26 37.6
xiv. i8f. 14.6 45 22.21
21 6. 16 iii. 19 4. 19
35 18i -7 iv. 13 20.43
xv. 12 10. 12 23 24. 1
13 27.7 32 34.i6
14 5.9 vii. 14 60.6
16 42.12 48 26.4
17 53. 14 59 46. 10
18, 21 37. 12 viii. 2 22. 26
xvi. 29 18. 16 ix. 11 6.16
xvii. 6 7.4 29 19.9
31 30.13 39 23 -4
xix. 11 53. 4 40 53. 25
xx. 28ff. 35.8 x. 22 46.2 4
30 20. 22 33 3. 1, 44. 2
xxi. 1 18. 14 xii. 1 11. 3
28 7. 23 ro 6. 16
xxii. 6 6. 7 25 28. 26
25 19-13 xiii.
9 29.li
18. i. 14 xv. 4 41. 10
41
148 INDEX II
29 27. 9 32 37. 11
29. 32 34 24. 16
„ 39
xxii. 6 6. 7 xii. 18 41. 11
11 27. 5 xiii. 3 31. 16
22 35. 14 xiv. 19 37. 15
xxiii. 12 42. I4f. xv. 31 53. 20
24 24.6 38 41. 11
25 40. 13 xvi. 19 36. 18
xxiv. 1 5. 18
23 24. 2 2 CORINTHIANS
27 23. 13 i. 8, v. 4 53.23
xxv. 2, 15 6. 18 22 45. 17
7 24.8 iii. 1 14. 6
23. 13 v. 5 45. 17
9
10 18. i.
3 20 40. 14
27 35. 4 vi. 2 6. 24
xxvi. 24 20-43 9 37. 11
25 53. 20 18 64. 1
25 4. 26 GALATIANS
i. 14 36. 17
ROMANS 18 26. 5
'•
13
4 M ii. 10 62. i§f.
BIBLICAL REFERENCES 149
15 37 -9 2 THESSALONIANS
18 27. 7 ii. 1 8. 6
vi. 7 53. u 2 32. 10
18 28. 27 3 47. 1248
20 40. 14 8 19. 17
12 34. 18
PIIILIPPIANS 13 5. 51
i. 49. 2 iii. 2 27. 10
14
34. 10 7 20.2 5
19
ii. 11 18. i. 6 14 7.4
17 48. 11
19 38. 2 1 TIMOTHY
24. 16, 44. 2 i- 2 1. 3
23
24. 19 "• 1 5. 5
25
iii. 5 55. 2S iii. 5 12. 6
8 7.18 iv. 5 5 5
-
12. 12 v. 8 24. 2
13
20 62.8
iv. 3 1" 3 2 TIMOTHY
14 3. 1 i. S 2.8
IS 20- *9 16 4. 19
x. ii 35. ii 1 ST JOHN
33 22. 14 iii. 12 7. 17
xi. 7 46. 24 iv. 14 19. 18
xii. 11 29.5
15 6.27
17 2. 11
2 ST JOHN
r 12. 2
xiii. 7 45. 3
19. 12 5 12. 2
19 12
19. 2 52. ii
24
ST JAMES 3 ST JOHN
i.
19 2. 11 36. 3
33. 8 \
27 6 3. 1
iv. 15 38. 18 10 62. 12
v. 3.. 44. 8 13 52. 11
12 7. 2 15 41. 18
1 ST PETER
i- *• 7
ST JUDE
9
55 3° 4 23. 13
13 -
12 23. 10
iv. 4 27. 7
v. 6 36. 16
24 65. 6
12 5. 9, 15. 4
REVELATION
2 ST PETER i. 8 54. 1
i.
17 11.6 ix. 21 21. 6
ii.
13 23. 10 xviii. 13 „ 18. 7
III. INDEX OF SUBJECTS
following index is not intended in any way to be exhaustive, but
The
simply to facilitate reference to some of the subjects mentioned in the
introductions and notes. The references are to pages.
xxvii f. signature 58
pantomimes 108 slaves 46, 49
Papyri, collections of xi f., xxv, dis- soldiers' names 92
coveries of xxivf., literary xxvf., strangers, tax for 47
non-literary xxvif., significance super-dowry 43
of xxvii ff.
Papyri, list of, not written in tax-gatherers 53, 62
Egypt 100 Twins, the Serapeum 12 ft"., 18 ff.