Institute of Business Administration IBA - Karachi

SPSS Based Analysis

Advanced and Applied Business Research Assignment # 1 & 2
Submitted By: Khawar A. Sher
Seat No 6502

Introduction: In these assignment we will be using SPSS software on different sets of given data and explore various techniques provided within that software using which we can analyze data. We will also make various different types of graphs and interpret what those graphs tell us about the given data. Data Set 1: Rooh Afza We have been given a data set in our books on Page number 72 in the table 3.1 we have to translate that data set on SPSS. The results are given here under in screen shot format. Entering Data: The first few questions concern with entering data and creating variables as shown here under, in these two screen shots.

Assignment # 1

Frequency Analysis: To answer question number 3 and 4 we can study the following table as generated by SPSS. We can see that the software has given us the values for mean, media,

mode, SD, kurtosis and skewness. We can further see that the kurtosis has negative values for no of friends and income showing that the data is a little bit clustered towards the lower ended values. Graphical Representations:

Here we have a histogram on the right hand side which is showing frequencies for values given in the form of a range. We can see in the data that the range from 1-3 has two values and 4-5 has two values. Correspondingly we have high bar to represent these high frequencies. Similar to the histogram of no of friends, we have two more histograms showing the frequency distributions for respective ranges, and showing other properties such as skewness and kurtosis for income and neuroticism.

Assignment # 2 Now we begin with the other data sets that had been provided during the class. The first dataset in this case was a file named DownloadFestival.sav and we will use data in this file to do various assessments and test in SPSS. Histograms The first question asks us to make histograms using variables Hygiene Day1, 2 and 3. These histograms are given here under with a brief explanation. Histogram for Hygiene Day 1: The graph on the left gives us the frequency of the hygiene values

which were recorded at day 1, the higher the bar the more that particular value occurs in the given condition. Histograms for Hygiene Day2 and Day3: The following histograms show the values of hygiene and how often or in other words with what frequency these values occurred in the data set on that day.

Boxplots: A boxplot gives us a lot of information about the variable that we are studying, this information includes: the minimum, the lower quartile, the median, the upper quartile and the maximum - in a visual display 1. Here we can see boxplots for gender on the x-axis and hygiene on the y-axis. We can see that the median in shown where the values are centered around it. The critical outliers are shown by an asterisk and we can see that the value 611 is such an outlier.

http://www.cms.murdoch.edu.au/areas/maths/statsnotes/samplestats/boxplot.html

We can see that by the end of the third day the values for hygiene are more dispersed and that the box plots are higher, that is the range of the data has increased. The box gives us the interquartile range and we can see that the interquartile range has also increased. We can see that both these data are skewed to the right as the data whiskers are higher on the top.

Q3: Bar Charts for Means Q3: Following graph shows the bar chart for mean arousal levels for males and females during the time the movie was being played. The error corrections bar represents a confidence interval of up to 95%.

Q4: Cluster Bar Chart: Using the second data set given to us, that is ChickFlicks, we can see that the general level of arousal for males in both the movies was higher as represented by the blue bar in the graph on left hand side.

Q5: Bar Charts Now we will be using the data set named Hiccups, and we will make simple bar charts for this data set and see what information can be interpreted from them. The graph in the right gives us the values of the means (or the number of hiccups) according the data set at base line and after trying various cures such as tongue pulling etc.

Q9: Graphing Relationships For the final part of the assignment we will be using the data set labeled Exam Anxiety and we will be studying the relationships between different variables defined in that data set. The simple and Group Scatter Plot: The simple scatter plot on the right gives us the idea that as exam anxiety

increases the exam performance increases as well, as a result most of the points lie in the upper right hand corner, and the best fit line is sloping down to the right because of those points in the right bottom corner. These points suggest that higher anxiety leads to lower performance. There are

few exceptions which show high performance at low levels of exam anxiety. While the group scatter plot on the left shows us that the anexity level for males was a little bit higher than that for females. Simple and Grouped 3-D scatter Plots: On the right side we have a 3-D scatter plot and this shows us how different variables are affecting each other. We have already seen the effect anxiety has on exam performance now we can see that a third variable time spent revising positively effects exam performance, as we can see points with high values of time spent revising also have a high value of performance. Matrix Scatterplot: A matrix scatter plot gives us the relationship between three variables in such a way that we can see how any two of them are affecting each other. We can see this as sides of the cube of the 3-D plot have now been opened up and each side is presented as one part of the matrix. Using this additional higher the will be the view we can observe many relationships, such as that time spent revising the lower exam anxiety.