Physical Science Reference Tables

STANDARD UNITS Symbol Name

m kg Pa K mol J s C V A W meter kilogram pascal Kelvin mole joule second coulomb volt ampere ohm

Quantity
length mass pressure temperature amount of a substance energy, work, quantity of heat time electric charge electric potential current resistance

WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT IN A VACUUM

Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red 4.0 4.2 4.9 5.7 5.9 6.5 4.2 107 m 4.9 107 m 5.7 107 m 5.9 107 m 6.5 107 m 7.0 107 m

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS 9[[]d]jYlagf\m]lg_jYnalq _ 9ng_Y\jgkFmeZ]j F9 =d][ljgf[`Yj_] ] =d][ljgfj]kleYkk e] ?jYnalYlagf[gfklYfl ? EYkk%]f]j_qj]dYlagfk`ah Kh]]\g^da_`lafYnY[mme [ Kh]]\g^kgmf\YlKLH KlYf\Yj\Hj]kkmj] 1&0e'k'kgje'k .&(* )(*+hYjla[d]kh]jegd] )&. )( )1 ; 1&)) )( +) c_ .&./ )( )) Fe * 'c_ * )m Yem!51&+ )(*E]N +&(( )(0 e'k ++)e'k )Ylegkh`]j] )()&+cHY /.(Lgjjgjee@_ ),&/dZ'af&* HEAT CONSTANTS Specific Heat (average) (kJ/kgC) (J/gC)
Alcohol (ethyl) Aluminum Ammonia Copper Iron Lead Mercury Platinum Silver Tungsten Water (solid) Water (liquid) Water (vapor) Zinc 2.43 (liq.) 0.90 (sol.) 4.71 (liq.) 0.39 (sol.) 0.45 (sol.) 0.13 (sol.) 0.14 (liq.) 0.13 (sol.) 0.24 (sol.) 0.13 (sol.) 2.05 (sol.) 4.18 (liq.) 2.01 (gas) 0.39 (sol.)
*

THE INDEX OF REFRACTION FOR COMMON SUBSTANCES

( = 5.9 107 m)

Air Alcohol Canada Balsam Corn Oil Diamond Glass, Crown Glass, Flint Glycerol Lucite Quartz, Fused Water

1.00 1.36 1.53 1.47 2.42 1.52 1.61 1.47 1.50 1.46 1.33

Melting Point (C)

117 660 78 1083 1535 328 39 1772 962 3410 0 420

Boiling Point (C)

79 2467 33 2567 2750 1740 357 3827 2212 5660 100 907

Heat of Fusion (kJ/kg) (J/g)

109 396 332 205 267 25 11 101 105 192 334 113

Heat of Vaporization (kJ/kg) (J/g)

855 10500 1370 4790 6290 866 295 229 2370 4350 2260 1770
i

NCDPI Reference Tables for Physical Science (adopted 2000)

FORMULAS MECHANICS D\ = naDl# ) Y *

^

ELECTRICITY Dl!
a

n +n n = D\ = * Dl n -n Y = = Dn Dl Dl > = eY > = e_
^ a o

Dd = displacement v = velocity t = time a = acceleration g = acceleration due to gravity m = mass F = force Fw = weight

V = IR P = VI

V = electrical potential difference I = current P = power R = resistance

WORK, POWER, AND ENERGY O = >D\ H=_ = e_` = >o` C= = ) en*

*

Series Circuits It = I1 = I2 = I3 = . . . Vt = V1 + V2 + V3 + . . . Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 + . . . Parallel Circuits It = I1 + I2 + I3 + . . . Vt = V1 = V2 = V3 = . . . 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 +. . . Rt R1 R2 R3

H = O = >\
l l

W = work PEg = gravitational potential energy KE = kinetic energy h = height A = area P = power

INTERNAL ENERGY WAVE MOTION AND LIGHT vw = wave velocity vw = f f = frequency c n = v n = index of refraction c = speed of light in a vacuum v = speed of light in a substance l = wavelength DENSITY D = m V D = density m = mass V = volume
Q = mCpT Q = mHf Q = mHv

Q = quantity of heat Cp = specific heat Hf = heat of fusion Hv = heat of vaporization T = temperature

GAS LAWS
V1 V = 2 T1 T2

PV 1 1 = PV 2 2 P = F
A

K = C + 273

V = volume T = temperature K = Kelvin P = Pressure C = degrees Celsius

INVESTIGATIONS
0 0

Error =

Accepted value Experimental value 100 Accepted value

ii

NCDPI Reference Tables for Physical Science (adopted 2000)

NCDPI Reference Tables for Physical Science (adopted 2000) iii

(m)

Gamma ray

URANIUM DISINTEGRATION SERIES Atomic Number and Chemical Symbol 82 84 86 88 90 92 238 234 230 226 Mass 222 Number 218 214 210 206
7.010 -7 5.910 -7 4.910 -7 5.710
-7

0.0000000000001 0.000000000001 0.00000000001 0.0000000001 0.000000001 0.00000001 0.0000001 0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

10

-13

(m)

Shorter Wavelength

10 10

-12 -11

X ray

Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U

10

4.010 -7
-7

-10

Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

10

-9

4.210

10

UV

Visible Light Longer Wavelength

-8

10

Visible

-7 -6 -5

10 10

IR
Microwaves

10 10 10 10

-4

Electromagnetic Spectrum

-3 -2

6.510 -7

-1 0 1

10 10

Radio waves

10 10

4 2 He 0e

(a particle) Helium nucleus emission (b particle) electron emission

3 4

10 10

iv

1 1A
1 H Hydrogen 1.008 3

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

18 8A
2 He Helium 4.003 10 Ne Neon 20.18 18 Ar Argon 39.95 36 Kr Krypton 83.80 54 Xe Xenon 131.3 86 Rn Radon (222)

2 2A
4

13 3A
5 B Boron 10.81 13
Aluminum

14 4A
6 C Carbon 12.01 14 Si Silicon 28.09 32
Germanium

15 5A
7 N Nitrogen 14.01 15
Phosphorus

16 6A
8 O Oxygen 16.00 16 S Sulfur 32.07 34

17 7A
9 F Fluorine 19.00 17 Cl Chlorine 35.45 35

Li Be Lithium Beryllium 6.941 9.012 11 Na Sodium 22.99 19 12

Magnesium

Mg

Al

24.31 20

3 3B
21

4 4B
22

5 5B
23

6 6B
24

7 7B
25
Manganese

8 8B
26 Fe Iron 55.85 44 Ru

9 8B
27 Co Cobalt 58.93 45

10 8B
28 Ni Nickel 58.69 46

11 1B
29 Cu Copper 63.55 47 Ag Silver 107.9 79 Au Gold 196.96 111 Uuu (272)

12 2B
30 Zn Zinc 65.39 48 Cd Cadmium 112.4 80

26.98 31

30.97 33

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium 52.00 39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 37 38 39 40
Zirconium

Mn

54.94 43 Tc (98) 75

Ga Gallium 69.72 49 In Indium 114.8 81

Ge

72.61 50

As Arsenic 74.92 51

Br Se Selenium Bromine 79.90 78.96 52 53 I Iodine 126.9 85

41 Nb Niobium 92.91 73

42 Mo 95.94 74

Rb Sr Y Rubidium Strontium Yttrium 85.47 87.62 88.91 55 Cs Cesium 132. 87

NCDPI Reference Tables for Physical Science (adopted 2000)

Zr

91.22 72

Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium

101.1 76

Rh Pd Rhodium Palladium 102.9 106.4 77 78

Sn Tin 118.7 82 Pb Lead 207.2

Sb Te Antimony Tellurium 121.8 127.6 83 84

56 Ba Barium 137. 88

57
Lanthanum

La

138. 89

Hf Ta W Re Os Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium 178. 181.0 183.8 186. 190.2 104
Rutherfordium

Ir Pt Iridium Platinum 192.22 195.08 109 Mt (266) 110 Uun (269)

Hg Tl Mercury Thallium 200.59 204.38 112

Ununbium

Bi Po At Bismuth Polonium Astatine 208.98 (209) (210)

105 Db Dubnium (262)

106
Seaborgium

107

108

Fr Ra Francium Radium (223) 226.0

Ac Actinium 227.0

Rf

Sg

(261)

(263)

Bh Hs Bohrium Hassium (262) (265)

Meitnerium Ununnilium Unununium

Uub

(277)

Stock No. 7951

Cerium

58 Ce

140.1 90 Th

Praseodymium

59 Pr

140.9 91 Pa

Neodymium Promethium

60 Nd 92 U

61 Pm 93 Np

144.2

(145)

Samarium

62 Sm 94 Pu

150.4

Europium

63 Eu

152.0 95 Am

Gadolinium

64 Gd

157.3 96 Cm

Terbium

65 Tb

158.9 97 Bk

Dysprosium

66 Dy 98 Cf

162.5

Holmium

67 Ho 99 Es

164.9

Erbium

68 Er

167.3 100 Fm

Thulium

69 Tm

168.9 101 Md

Ytterbium

70 Yb

173.0 102 No

Lutetium

71 Lu

175.0 103 Lr

Thorium

232.0

Protactnium

231.0

Uranium

238.0

Neptunium

237.0

Plutonium

(244)

Americium

(243)

Curium

(247)

Berkelium

(247)

Californium Einsteinium

(251)

(252)

Fermium

(257)

Mendelevium

(258)

Nobelium

(259)

Lawrencium

(262)