Field Development Strategy

Curtis H. Whitson

Base Case
Well

User Input

See IPR!

Average Well k
Average Well h
Average Well skin
Average Well CR (reservoir)

10 md
100.0 m
-2
252 Sm3/d/bara2

10
100
0
189
See Tubing!

Average Well Inner Tubing Diameter

Average Well CT (tubing)
Initial Gas in Place
Initial Reservoir Pressure
Initial Water Saturation
Aquifer Volume Ratio, M
Aquifer Water Compressibility
Aquifer Rock Compressibility
Aquifer Effective Compressibility, ce
Errosional Gas Rate, qgerrosion
Minimum Tubinghead Pressure, Ptmin
Plateau Length
End-Plateau Target Recovery (Gp/G)
Maximum Number of Wells
Minimum Velocity to Lift
Minimum Rate to Lift (at Ptmin)
Surface-Datum Correction (exp(S/2))
Target Plateau Rate

6.50
43448
3.500E+11
250.0
0.2
1
4.35E-05
7.25E-05
2.47E-04
3.00E+06
40
10
50
50
3.6
237450
1.522

in

6.50 in

Sm3/d/bara

43448 Sm3/d/bara

Sm3
bara
fraction
=Vaq/VpR
1/bar
1/bar
1/bar
Sm3/d
bara
years
%
m/s
Sm3/d

per well

1.75E+10 Sm3/year
4.79E+07 Sm3/d

Time

Pc

Average
Well
CR

years

bara

Sm3/d/bara2

0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0

164
164
157
150
144

252
252
252
252
252

AOFP
qgmax

Allowed
AOFP
qg*

Sm3/d

Sm3/d

4.13E+06
4.13E+06
3.84E+06
3.58E+06
3.33E+06

3.00E+06
3.00E+06
3.00E+06
3.00E+06
3.00E+06

Nw

16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0

qgF

qgF
% of

Gp

Gp/G

Pw

Pt

PR

Pwf

No
Aquifer
PR

Sm3/d

target

Sm3

bara

bara

bara

bara

bara

4.79E+07
4.79E+07
4.79E+07
4.79E+07
4.79E+07

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

0.00E+00
8.75E+09
1.75E+10
2.63E+10
3.50E+10

0.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10.0

123
123
113
103
94

102
102
89
77
64

250
250
239
229
219

187
187
172
157
143

250
250
238
227
216

Reservoir IPR (Infow Performance Relation) Equation

Darcy Equation, pressure-squared

Permeability
Thickness
Skin
Initial Gas Z-factor
Initial Gas Density
Initial Gas Viscosity
Reservoir Temperature
ln(re/rw)-0.75
CR

10
100
0
0.830
321
0.039
90.00

md
m

328 ft

kg/m3
cp
oC

194 oF

8
189 Sm3/d/bara2

32 scf/D/psia2

Tubing Equation
Vertical Well

True Vertical Depth

Tubing Inner Diameter
Wellstream Gravity
Average Z-factor
Average Temperature
S
exp(S)
exp(S/2)
Fr
CT

3000.0
0.165
1.111
0.825
55

m
m
air=1
at Ptmin
oC

9840
6.5
1.111
0.825
131

ft
in
air=1
oF

0.841
2.318 term for correcting surface p2 to BH p2 (pc2->pR2)
1.522 term for correcting surface p to BH p (pc->pR)
0.00081
43448 Sm3/d/bara
105776 scf/D/psia

Pw2 - Pt2, bara2

1.E+04

1.E+03

1.E+02

1.E+01

1.E+00
1.E+00
1.E-01

1.E+03
Gas Rate, Sm3/d

1.E+06

1.2E+07
qg*

1.0E+07

Average-Well Rates, Sm3/d

54
52
50
48
46
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

qgmax
qg,errosional

8.0E+06

Nw

6.0E+06

4.0E+06

2.0E+06

0.0E+00

10

15
Time, years

20

25

Required Number of Wells

Well Rates and Well Numbers

Field

60

50

200

40
150
30

Pc (Average Reservoir)
Pw (Bottomhole Flowing)
Pt (Tubinghead Flowing)
qgF
Nw

100

20

50

10

10

15

Time, years

20

25

Required Number of Wells, Nw

Pressures Pc, Pw, Pt (bara) and Field Gas

Rate qgF (1E6 Sm3/d)

250

Field Rate and Well Numbers

Field
1E+08

50

40

Field Rate, Sm3/d

Nw

6E+07

30

4E+07

20

2E+07

10

0E+00

10

15

20

Time, years

25

30

35

Required Number of Wells

qg*

8E+07

Gas Material Balance

Aquifer Volume Ratio, M

350
Inlcuding Aquifer

300

No Aquifer

p/Z, bara

250
200
150

100
50
0
0

20

40

60

80

Cumulative Gas Recovery, Gp/G, %

100

Gas Material Balance

Field
400

Average Reservoir Pressure, bara

Aquifer Volume Ratio, M

350
300
Inlcuding Aquifer

250

No Aquifer

200
150

100
50
0

20

40

60

Cumulative Gas Recovery, Gp/G, %

80

100

Sheet 1 - Average Gas Properties

Basic Gas PVT Properties for Field
red
green
blue

Input (different for each application of spreadsheet)

Input (same for each application of spreadsheet)
Important Calculated Results

RESULTS:

Specific Gravity
Tpc
Ppc

1.1111 air=1
259.0 K
41.84 bara

Sutton Correlations:
259.0 K
41.84 bara
SCRATCH calculations

Comp.

yi
mol-%

Mi
kg/kmol

N2
CO2
C1
C2
C3
iC4
nC4
iC5
nC5
C6
C7+

0.35
0.35
92.35
3.35
1.20
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.15
0.25
1.20

28
44
16
30
44
58
58
72
72
86
135

Total

100.00

19.00

SGi
water=1

469.5
499.5
329.7
449.6
507.2
560.7
583.8
626.8
629.5
659.7
775.0

Tci
K

Pci
bara

m=yM
kg

yTc
K

yPc
bara

126.3
304.2
190.6
305.4
369.8
408.2
425.2
460.4
469.7
507.4
615.5

33.99
73.82
46.04
48.8
42.49
36.48
37.97
33.81
33.69
30.12
25.19

9.8
15.4
1477.6
100.5
52.8
17.4
17.4
14.4
10.8
21.5
162.0

44.2
106.5
17601.9
1023.1
443.8
122.5
127.6
92.1
70.5
126.9
738.6

11.9
25.8
4251.8
163.5
51.0
10.9
11.4
6.8
5.1
7.5
30.2

205.0

45.76

1899.6

20497.4

4575.9

Sheet 2 - Gas PVT f(p)

Basic Gas PVT Properties for Field
Gravity
Tpc
Ppc
TR
Tpr

1.1111
259.0
41.84
363.15
1.402

ppr

(air=1)
K
bara
K

bara

600
580
560
540
520
500
480
460
440
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
275.8
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
1

14.341
13.863
13.385
12.907
12.429
11.951
11.473
10.995
10.517
10.039
9.561
9.083
8.605
8.127
7.649
7.171
6.592
6.215
5.737
5.258
4.780
4.302
3.824
3.346
2.868
2.390
1.912
1.434
0.956
0.478
0.024

1.4839
1.4464
1.4089
1.3712
1.3335
1.2957
1.2578
1.2199
1.1819
1.1439
1.1060
1.0681
1.0303
0.9927
0.9554
0.9186
0.8749
0.8472
0.8134
0.7817
0.7531
0.7294
0.7127
0.7063
0.7137
0.7367
0.7744
0.8234
0.8795
0.9391
0.9970

Lee et al.
A1
A2
A3

0.0112
5.282
1.272

Inverse

Density

Lee et al.
Viscosity

Bg

bg=1/Bg

dg

ug

ugZ

p/Z

p/uZ

1/ugBg

2(p/uZ)dp

pp

m3/Sm3

Sm3/m3

g/cm3

mPa-s

mPa-s

bara

bara/mPa-s

1/mPa-s

bar2/mPa-s

bar2/mPa-s

90 C

0.00315
0.00318
0.00321
0.00324
0.00327
0.00330
0.00334
0.00338
0.00342
0.00347
0.00352
0.00358
0.00365
0.00372
0.00381
0.00390
0.00404
0.00415
0.00432
0.00453
0.00480
0.00517
0.00568
0.00643
0.00758
0.00939
0.01234
0.01750
0.02803
0.05986
1.27094

317.2
314.5
311.8
308.9
305.9
302.7
299.3
295.8
292.0
288.0
283.7
279.1
274.1
268.7
262.7
256.2
247.3
240.7
231.5
220.8
208.3
193.6
176.1
155.5
131.9
106.5
81.0
57.2
35.7
16.7
0.8

0.4311
0.4275
0.4238
0.4199
0.4157
0.4114
0.4069
0.4020
0.3969
0.3914
0.3856
0.3793
0.3725
0.3651
0.3571
0.3482
0.3361
0.3272
0.3146
0.3001
0.2831
0.2631
0.2393
0.2113
0.1793
0.1447
0.1101
0.0777
0.0485
0.0227
0.0011

0.0682
0.0669
0.0656
0.0642
0.0629
0.0614
0.0600
0.0585
0.0569
0.0553
0.0537
0.0520
0.0502
0.0483
0.0464
0.0443
0.0417
0.0399
0.0375
0.0349
0.0322
0.0293
0.0263
0.0232
0.0202
0.0175
0.0153
0.0137
0.0125
0.0116
0.0112

Delta pp

0.1012
0.0968
0.0924
0.0881
0.0838
0.0796
0.0754
0.0713
0.0673
0.0633
0.0594
0.0555
0.0517
0.0480
0.0443
0.0407
0.0365
0.0338
0.0305
0.0273
0.0243
0.0214
0.0187
0.0164
0.0144
0.0129
0.0119
0.0113
0.0110
0.0109
0.0111

404.3
401.0
397.5
393.8
390.0
385.9
381.6
377.1
372.3
367.2
361.7
355.8
349.4
342.5
334.9
326.6
315.2
306.9
295.1
281.4
265.6
246.8
224.5
198.2
168.1
135.7
103.3
72.9
45.5
21.3
1.0

5929
5993
6060
6131
6204
6282
6363
6449
6540
6637
6739
6848
6965
7090
7224
7368
7557
7690
7868
8055
8245
8421
8548
8556
8333
7748
6732
5324
3645
1829
90

4651
4701
4754
4809
4867
4928
4991
5059
5130
5206
5286
5372
5463
5561
5666
5779
5928
6032
6172
6319
6467
6606
6705
6712
6536
6078
5281
4176
2859
1435
70

238450
241075
243821
246699
249720
252898
256248
259786
263533
267509
271740
276254
281083
286262
291827
361182
240901
311155
318461
325999
333312
339371
342074
337770
321615
289607
241124
179373
109480
36467
0

8014797
7776347
7535272
7291451
7044752
6795032
6542134
6285886
6026100
5762567
5495058
5223318
4947063
4665980
4379718
4087891
3726709
3485808
3174654
2856192
2530193
2196881
1857510
1515436
1177666
856051
566444
325320
145947
36467
0

Field
1.60

0.08
Z-factor

1.50

Viscosity

1.40

Z-factor

1.30
1.20
1.10

0.04

1.00
0.90
0.02
0.80
0.70
0.60

0.00
0

100

200

300

400

Pressure, bara

500

600

700

Viscosity, mPa-s

0.06

Field
9000
p/uZ
1.50E+07

Pp

p/uZ, bara/(mPa-s)

7000
6000
1.00E+07

5000
4000
3000

5.00E+06

2000

1000
0

0.00E+00

100

200

300

400

Pressure, bara

500

600

700

Pseudopressure, Pp, bar2/(mPa-s)

8000