ADX ENERGY

Sidi Dhaher Well test Briefing Live Webcast, 4 July 2012

Wolfgang Zimmer, Paul Fink

Decision to test
ASX announcement, 3 October 2011

Decision to test: First Evidence

Wellsite geologists (highly experienced team with local experience) document evidence for good reservoir and some minor oil fluorescence Gas chromatography readings show best response within the best reservoir section . Depth fits approximately with seismic flat spot.

Schlumberger wireline logs confirm reservoir in Bireno dolomite and Bireno limestone sections. (This reservoir section produces oil in the close by Guebiba field)
Schlumberger wireline logs allowed the interpretation of the presence of hydrocarbons in analogy to the low resistivity log response within similar carbonate rock formations of nearby oil fields.

Data Gathering
permeability

Long edge 1.3mm

CAP ROCK (MARL)
porosity

GAS SHOWS

LIMESTONE

DOLOMITE

More Data - More Evidence

ASX announcement, 26 September 2011

With the good reservoir indication just beneath the regional seal (El Haria shale) and some evidence for hydrocarbons the decision was made to obtain additional information and run Schlumbergers XPT and MDT test tools (pressure data, formation fluid sample) .

The XPT pressure data confirmed the presence of good reservoir sections and led to the interpretation of an oil column.
An oil sample with mud filtrate could be retrieved from the excellent quality Bireno Dolomite reservoir with Schlumberger MDT tool. The sample was analyzed by Corelab in Aberdeen (Scotland) and found to be typical of crude oils in the area around the Chorbane block.
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Data Evidence: Oil found

Oil Water column interpretation from pressure data
Formation Pressure [ psia ]
1500 3200 1550 1600 1650 1700

3300

MDT (Schlumberger mini DST tool) oil sample on surface

conservative OWC
MDT oil sample
3400

30 meter oil column interpreted as most likely

Depth [ ft TVD msl ]

3500

Optimistic OWC
3600

MDT sample analysis result by Corelab (Aberdeen) : crude oil

3700

Oil Gradient Water Gradient

3800
XPT 2011-09-24 MDT/XLD MDT/PA

Decision to test: Conclusions

The existence of a possible oil discovery was supported by: Presence of good reservoir (Bireno Dolomite) Oil sample Pressure data Uncertainties were: Wireline log interpretation in relation to oil and water saturation because of low resistivity and missing information on water salinities and rock properties. Depth position of possible Oil water contact. Reservoir quality of Upper Reservoir (Bireno Limestone). DECISION UNDER UNCERTAINTY:
ON THE 30th NOVEMBER 2011 THE JOINT VENTURE JOINTLY DECIDED TO PERFORM A WELL TEST. THE POSITIVE INDICATIONS DURING THE DRILLING AND LOGGING PROCESS JUSTIFIED THE INVESTMENT. THIS DECISION WAS SUPPORTED BY ETAP (Entreprise Tunisienne d'Activits Ptrolires).
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Test Design: Objectives

Test and perforate the deeper Bireno dolomite reservoir in order to achieve high flow rates from the best reservoir encountered during drilling In case the lower good quality Bireno dolomite reservoir is mainly water bearing avoid the risk of water break through (= only water flows from the high quality reservoir) and protect any potential oil flow from the shallower lower quality Bireno limestone reservoir against water break through. This was achieved by planning for a possible cement squeeze off and gap in the perforations.

CAP ROCK (SEAL) OIL

isolating cement
Conservative OWC

FORMATION WATER
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Best reservoir with fractures but possibly mainly water bearing

What happened?
The perforations through the casing were successfully completed and connection between the wellbore and the two reservoir sections were established. The fluid analysis of the produced fluids (approximately 90 barrels) revealed that a mixture of drilling mud filtrate, well test fluid and possibly some formation water was produced. Since the well flowed without any acid stimulation it was confirmed that good reservoir had been encountered.
Test 1: Perforate both reservoir zones and establish flow

CAP ROCK (SEAL) The Lower Bireno Dolomite reservoir was mainly

contributing to the influx of mud filtrate and some formation water either because of the OWC in reality being close to the conservative interpretation, or because of a fracture network extending into the water leg.

16 meters 16 meters

High permeability fractured reservoir

5 meters 5 meters

Cement Job after Water inflow

Due to the (much) higher permeability of the lower reservoir, any oil in the lower permeability upper reservoir would be inhibited from flowing. (Analogy: 100% water cut well after water break through inside an oil field)
Test 2: Flow for 35 hours

Therefore the Joint Venture decided to cement off the lower reservoir as per well test design plan in order to prevent water influx from the good quality fractured lower dolomite reservoir. CAP ROCK Following acid stimulation the upper limestone (SEAL) reservoir started to flow with the help of nitrogen lift. oil sample After approximately 680 bbls of fluid production over 35 hours with no oil flow the test was abandoned. Any oil left behind would be non commercial.
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water

High permeability fractured reservoir

Explanation: Water break through and low oil Saturation

Relative permeability

100% water flow

The good quality Bireno dolomite was perforated also into the water leg. Therefore only mud filtrate and highly mobile formation water could enter the wellbore (only 90 bbls). This situation might have been amplified by fractures. The small oil column in the uppermost Bireno dolomite proven by the MDT oil sample was unable to flow against the highly mobile water. The revised petrophysics based on the new formation water salinity data indicated LOW OIL SATURATIONS. In combination with the reservoir being possibly more oil wet than water wet (common in carbonate rocks) this causes the trapped oil to be IMMOBILE and only water can flow.
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OIL WATER

CAP ROCK (SEAL)

Water saturation

Relative flow capacities of oil versus formation water

Source: Schlumberger

Different wettabilities

Conclusion: Sidi Dhaher is a

non-commercial Oil Discovery
The combination of low oil saturation and water influx from the lower good quality reservoir due to the OWC being shallower than assumed explains both the test results and data obtained in the drilling phase: 1. Thin oil column in Lower Bireno reservoir section 2. Water Break Through 3. Preferential flow of water over oil in lower CAPbecause ROCK of lower oil quality reservoir saturation and (SEAL) possible oil wet carbonate. With this additional information obtained during the well test it can be concluded to date that the Bireno dolomite reservoir has only a small non commercial oil column and that the upper Bireno limestone reservoir would not be able to flow freely at commercial rates.
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Low Permeability Low Oil Rock Saturation

MDT oil sample

High Permeability Rock

Water