Bituminous Product

Types of bituminous Application

Learning outcome

Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe types of bituminous product Describe the attraction and problems of bituminous product Understand the application of Bituminous product

Generally usage of the term bituminous covers products on bitumen, coal tar and pitch.
It can be natural or derivative from particular substance such as petroleum, natural sources, coal. Mostly in liquid form which serve as binder while ready to be used.
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Excellent resistance to absorption/passage of water Good adhesion to many materials Resistance to dilute acids and alkalis Good flexibility at normal temperatures Properties can be varied to suit application

They tend to become brittle at low temperatures and soft at high temperatures They are subject to creep (shear) They have low inherent stiffness

Properties of Bituminous product

Bituminous products are usually dark brown or black and rely on pigments to give colour All types are completely soluble in carbon disulphide(CS2) They resist the passage of water and moisture Materials applied in hot condition

Properties of Bituminous product contd

Although bituminous materials are combustible, composite product such as mastic asphalt and pitch mastic are not combustible Durable to resist acids, alkalis Particularly pitch, are damaged by heat and sunlight

Properties of Bituminous product contd

Embrittle at low temperature Flow under mechanical stress, particularly at high temperature Naturally bituminous products is poisonous

Types of bituminous products

Types of bituminous products 1. Bitumen

Asphalt
hot/mastic/straight-run asphalt: widely used as road surfacing materials cut-back asphalt: repair work emulsion asphalt: dampproofing purposes, and as tact-coat during road surfacing

Coal tar Pitch

2. Macadam (Pre-mix)
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Bitumen
Bitumen is a generic name applied to various mixture of hydrocarbon non-crystalline solid or viscous material soluble in carbon disulphide(CS2) All bitumen are thermoplastic i.e soften when it is heated Bitumen lacks of stability. Waterproof

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Bitumen contd
Not to be used by itself only. Normally serve as a material in mastic asphalt, adhesive and paints as a saturant. Application:- Paints, damp-proof membrane, waterproof building papers, adhesive for woodblock flooring, curing membrane in concrete road base

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Asphalt

Dark brown or black solids or semi-solids which are found in natural state or the residue obtained in refining /distillation of petroleum Is readily soluble in most petroleum products Composed almost entirely of bitumen Asphalt are bituminous mixtures containing substantial amounts of fine material in the form of sand and filler. The sand and filler, together with binder, form a stiff mortar which provides strength and stiffness for the final product.

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Tar/ Coal Tar

Produced by destructive distillation of organic materials Coal tar runs at a lower temperature than asphalt Resistant to petroleum-based solvents Has a low bitumen content generally has high specific gravity and viscosities, and good adhesive properties Oxidizes more easily. Ordinary coal tar is suitable for many of the applications of bitumen due to it has the advantages of superior adhesion in damp situation Example: Tars for road purpose, damp-proof course
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Pitch

Pitch is the residue after distilling tar from coal. Coal tar and pitch soften at lower temperature, are less plastic, are able to resist temperature variation less costly than bitumen product. Application:-Pitch mastic flooring, paints, damp-proof membranes, felt saturant (Materials for damp-proof membrane)
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Macadam (Pre-mix)

Macadams are materials which rely on particle interlock to provide strength and stiffness. They normally contain a wide range of particles sizes. Macadams coated with a bituminous binder are described as coated macadams. The bitumen acts as a lubricant as well as binder during compaction. Macadams use smaller quantities of bitumen than asphalt. Hence, cost is cheaper than asphalt
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Macadam

Road Tar/Coal Tar

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The end

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